CN101336566B - Pressurizer heater for the primary cooling system of a pressurized-water nuclear reactor - Google Patents
Pressurizer heater for the primary cooling system of a pressurized-water nuclear reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101336566B CN101336566B CN2006800523120A CN200680052312A CN101336566B CN 101336566 B CN101336566 B CN 101336566B CN 2006800523120 A CN2006800523120 A CN 2006800523120A CN 200680052312 A CN200680052312 A CN 200680052312A CN 101336566 B CN101336566 B CN 101336566B
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- shell
- coating
- electrolysis
- heating rod
- body lotion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/08—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor
- G21C1/09—Pressure regulating arrangements, i.e. pressurisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a heating rod for a pressurizer of a primary cooling system of a pressurized-water nuclear reactor, the rod comprising a metal outer shell (36) of longitudinally elongate shape having an external surface (62), and a heating element (40) mounted inside the shell (36). It comprises an anti-corrosion coating (60) covering at least part of the external surface (62) of the shell (36).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the heating rod of the main loop pressurizer of pressurized-water reactor.
Or rather; According to first embodiment; The present invention relates to the heating rod of the main loop pressurizer of pressurized-water reactor, this heating rod has metal shell and heater block, and said metal shell is the longitudinal extension shape; This metal shell has outer surface, and said heater block is installed in the said shell.
This heating rod is installed in the bottom of pressurizer usually, and is immersed in the water in main loop, fills this pressurizer said water section.When the operating pressure in the main loop of wanting augmenting response heap, these heating rods are used.They add hot water until its boiling temperature, cause its part volatilization.
Background technology
Fact proved, on the heating rod of prior art, can leak.In fact, the shell of one of these heating rods breaks sometimes, so that the inside of heating rod is communicated with water in the pressurizer.
The result of this leakage damages the heater block of heating rod, causes heating rod to quit work, even makes internal clearance that pressure (hydraulic) water passes through heating rod towards the pressurizer external leakage.
Summary of the invention
In this article, the present invention is intended to propose to improve the heating rod of security reliability.
For this reason, the present invention relates to above-mentioned heating rod, it is characterized in that, it has etch-proof protective finish, and this protective finish covers a part of outer surface of said shell at least.
Heating rod also can be individually or according to all possible technical combinations, has following one or more characteristic:
-said coating mainly comprises nickel;
-said coating has at least 95% nickel on weight;
-said coating is coated on the said outer surface with electrolysis in the nickel salt body lotion;
The thickness of-said coating is greater than 50 microns;
-heating rod has effective heating region, and said coating is at least along whole said effective heating region longitudinal extension;
-said coating in the both sides of said effective heating region longitudinal extension on a guard space;
-said guard space is greater than 10 millimeters; And
-said shell is processed with austenitic stainless steel.
According to one second embodiment, the present invention relates to be used for the processing method of the metal shell of above-mentioned heating rod, it is characterized in that; It has the operation of applying coating; In electrolysis tank at least a portion outer surface of said shell (36) applying coating, said electrolysis tank comprise the electrolysis body lotion be immersed in the electrode in the electrolysis body lotion, said electrolysis body lotion contains nickel sulfamic acid, nickel chloride and boric acid basically; Said shell is arranged in the electrolysis body lotion, and electric current remains between said electrode and the said shell.
Said method also can be individually or according to all possible technical combinations, has following one or more characteristic:
The pH value of-said electrolysis body lotion remains between 3 to 5 during applying operation;
-said electrode is processed with solvable nickel;
-said electric current keeps the current density of 5 amperes to 50 amperes of outer surfaces of every square decimeter pending shell during applying operation;
-before the coating operation of said coating, be the rendering operation; It applies one deck adhesive linkage in advance at least a portion outer surface of said shell in electrolysis tank, said electrolysis tank has electrolysis body lotion and electrode, and said electrode is immersed in the said electrolysis body lotion; The electrolysis body lotion is the Watts body lotion; It has nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride and boric acid basically, and said shell is arranged in the electrolysis body lotion, and electric current remains between said electrode and the said shell;
The pH value of-said electrolysis body lotion remains between 3 to 5 during the rendering operation; And
The thickness of-said adhesive linkage is less than 10 microns.
Description of drawings
Below, according to reference to accompanying drawing and the explanation that provides as non-limiting example, further feature of the present invention and superiority will be better understood, and accompanying drawing is following:
Fig. 1 is the rough schematic view in the main loop of pressurized-water reactor, and its pressurizer is furnished with heating rod of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the profile along the perpendicular of pressurizer shown in Figure 1 bottom;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing on the heating rod top of pressurizer shown in Fig. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of a part of IV of heating rod shown in Figure 3, is the profile along the fore-and-aft plane of heating rod; And
Fig. 5 is the rough schematic view of electrolysis tank, and said electrolysis tank is suitable on the heating rod shown in Fig. 1 to 4, applying etch-proof protective finish.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the main loop 1 of pressurized-water reactor.This loop 1 has casing 2, wherein is furnished with nuclear fuel assembly, sets steam generator 4, main pump 6 and the pressurizer 8 of main part (parties primaire) and sub section (partiesecondaire).Casing 2, steam generator 4 and pump 6 are connected by main pipe sections 10.Main water is equipped with in loop 1, and this water towards casing 2 force feeds, through casing 2, stands heating by pump 6, contacts with fuel assembly, then before the suction that turns back to pump 6, through the main part of steam generator 4.The main water of heating sub section through this generator in steam generator 4 discharges its heat to secondary water in casing 2.Secondary water circulates in unshowned secondary loop with the mode of closed loop.It is evaporation through generator 4 time, the steam driven steam turbine that so produces.
Pressurizer 8 is installed on the main pipeline through conduit 18 along separate routes, and said conduit 18 fork-joins are on portion's section 10, and said section 10 is connected in generator 4 with casing 2.The height that it is arranged is higher than the height of pump 6 and casing 2.Pressurizer 8 has boiler casing 11, and it is substantial cylindrical, has vertical axis, is equipped with dome 12 and lower bottom part 14.Lower bottom part 14 has medium pore 16 (Fig. 2), and this medium pore 16 is connected in the main pipeline through conduit 18.
Pressurizer 8 also has sprinkler part 19, it comprises the branch connector 20 that passes dome 12, be arranged in the boiler casing 11 be installed in branch connector 20 on nozzle 21, the pressurized delivered (refoulement) of pump 6 locate to make the pipeline 22 that branch connector 20 is connected with the main pipeline and be used for allowing selectively or stop main water at pipeline 22 until the mobile parts (not shown) of nozzle 21.
Main loop 1 also comprises safety return circuit 23, this safety return circuit 23 has discharging container 24, make container 24 be connected in pressurizer dome 12 pipeline 25 and between on the pipeline 25, put the safety valve 26 between container 24 and pressurizer 8.
The inner space of pressurizer 8 is communicated with main loop 1, so that pressurizer 8 is partly filled all the time with main water, and the water level in the pressurizer depends on the existing operating pressure in main loop.The top of pressurizer 8 is full of water vapour, the pressure of the water that its pressure differential seldom equals in connecting the main pipeline 10 of generator 4, to flow.
In case superpressure in the pressurizer, safety valve 26 is just opened, and water vapour is disposed to container 24, condensation therein.
Pressurizer 8 is furnished with dozens of electrically heated rod 28.These heating rods are vertically arranged, are installed on the lower bottom part 14.They pass bottom 14 through the hole that sets for this reason, put between seal member between heating rod and bottom 14.
Each heating rod 28 comprises: part 30 (Fig. 2), and it is arranged in the boiler casing 11 of pressurizer, and is immersed in the water that part is injected boiler casing; Mid portion 32, it is installed in the hole of bottom 14; With coupling part 34, it is arranged in the outside of boiler casing 11.
As shown in Figure 4, immerse part 30 and have shell 36, it is cylindrical; Process with stainless steel or unoxidizable alloy; Said immersion part 30 generally has central plug 38, and this central authorities' plug is arranged in the shell 36 along the central axial line of shell 36, and said immersion part 30 also has heating wire 40; It coils around core bar 38 twist, and is arranged between core bar 38 and the shell 36.
At heating region 46, core bar 38 is made of copper, and heating wire 40 forms the spiral wire turn of splicing around core bar 38 coilings.
The longitudinal length that immerses part 30 for example is 2150 millimeters.The longitudinal length of heating region 46 for example is 1100 millimeters.48 of heating regions are not put between zone 46 and mid portion 32, and its longitudinal length for example is 450 millimeters.The not heating region 48 that is positioned at heating region 46 opposite sides has about 550 millimeters longitudinal length.Shell 36 has constant external diameter along entire portion 30, and it for example is 22 millimeters.Part 32 and total longitudinal length of 34 for example are 340 millimeters.
The electrical power of each heating rod 28 is 6 to 30 kilowatts.It carries 20 to 50W/cm in the outer surface of shell 36
2Heat flux.
Pressurizer 8 also has the guide plate 50 that keeps heating rod 28, and is as shown in Figure 2.The extension that in pressurizer 8 whole, almost is the level of state on the cross section of these guide plates 50.They in pressurizer 8 one on another be arranged in different vertical positions.Each guide plate all has makes water pass through the hole 52 that plate 50 flows and the pilot hole 54 of heating rod 28.
The effect of pressurizer 8 is the pressure of water in the control main loop.Because it is communicated with the main pipeline through pipe 18, therefore, it plays expansion drum.Therefore, when the water yield along the main circuit cycle increased or reduces, the water level in the pressurizer 8 improved according to this situation or descends.
This variant of the water yield is injected in the main loop as causing water, or causes the variation of the working temperature in main loop.
Pressurizer 8 also has the effect that increases or reduce the operating pressure in main loop.
In order to increase the operating pressure in main loop, to heating rod 28 power supplies, the water that makes it to heat the pressurizer bottom is to its boiling point.The part boiling of this water increases the pressure in pressurizer 8 tops.Because steam constantly is in the hydrostatic equilibrium state with the water that in main loop 1, circulates, so the operating pressure in this main loop 1 increases.
For 21 work of the nozzle in the top that reduces the operating pressure in main loop 1, make to be arranged in pressurizer 8, allow water in pipeline 22, to circulate by means of the parts that set for this reason.The water that in main pipeline 10, extracts from the supercharging conveying of pump 6 is ejected in the top of pressurizer 8, and causes a part of water vapour condensation wherein.The pressure of water vapour reduces in the top of pressurizer 8, so that the operating pressure in main loop 1 also reduces.
As shown in Figure 4, each all has erosion shield 60 heating rod 28, and it is a part of outer surface 62 of covering shell 36 at least.This coating 60 is also extended on the certain protection distance in the both sides in this zone 46 at whole heating region 46 longitudinal extensions of heating rod.This guard space is preferably more than 30 millimeters greater than 10 millimeters, is about 50 millimeters to 100 millimeters usually.Coating 60 is extended on the whole periphery of shell 36, thus it in heating region 46 and in a part of zone 48 on the certain protection distance covering shell 36 fully.
The thickness of coating 60 is greater than 50 microns, less than 200 microns.Preferably, its thickness is about 100 microns.
Be described in the method for applying coating 60 on the surface 62 of shell now.
The master operation of this method is implemented in electrolysis tank shown in Figure 5.This electrolysis tank 64 has: casing 66, and it can accommodate the processing body lotion, and sets inlet 68 and outlet 70; Pump 72, it makes the fluid that forms the processing body lotion flow until its inlet 68 from the outlet 70 of casing; Electrode 74, it is immersed in handles in the body lotion; With electric generator 76.The solvable nickel of electrode 74 usefulness is processed.Electric generator 76 can be connected in electrode 74 on the one hand, can be connected in the heating rod 28 that will handle on the other hand.It is suitable between electrode 74 and the heating rod 28 that will handle, keeping certain potential difference.
Processing method comprises following continuous operation.
Operation 1: provide and handle heating rod 28.This heating rod is furnished with its totality parts (core bar 38, heating wire 40).
Operation 2: the greasy dirt that removes the outer surface 62 of decapsidate 36.
Operation 3: flood surface to be coated with sulfuric acid.
Operation 4: reversed polarity corrodes (attaque en polarit é inverse), to dissolve the superficial layer on surface to be coated.This operation can be carried out in electrolysis tank 64.In this case, it injects suitable solution, and the immersion part 30 of heating rod is immersed in the solution, and electric generator 76 is mounted to and makes shell 36 keep positive potential, makes electrode 74 keep negative potential.When this operation finished, the original superficial layer of shell 36 dissolved, and replaced the new surface that is covered with the passivation thin layer that one deck forms recently.
Operation 5: positive polarity corrodes (attaque en polarit é normale), so that surperficial depassivation to be coated.This operation can be carried out in electrolysis tank 64.In this case, it injects the electrolysis body lotion that is fit to, and as previously mentioned, the part 30 of heating rod is immersed in the electrolysis body lotion.Electric generator 76 this time is mounted to and makes shell 36 keep negative potential, makes electrode 74 keep positive potential.This operation can be removed the passivation thin layer that last operation 4 forms, and makes the exposed metal/bare metal of shell 36, so that coating 60 well attached.
Operation 6: apply an adhesive linkage.This adhesive linkage belongs to coating 60, almost only comprises nickel.Its thickness preferably, equals 2 microns less than 10 microns.In the implementation process of this operation, casing 66 injects acid very big Watts body lotion (bain de Watts), and it mainly is made up of nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride and boric acid.The pH value of solution remains between 3 and 5.Electric generator 76 makes electrode 74 keep positive potential, makes shell 36 keep negative potential.Pump 72 is guaranteed the recirculation during operation 6 all the time of electrolysis body lotion, and flow is discharged from casing 66 through outlet 70,68 reinjects through entering the mouth.
Operation 7: applying coating 60 is own, and adhesive linkage also belongs to coating 60.This being coated in the electrolysis tank 64 carried out.Casing 66 injects sulfamate electrolysis body lotion, and it has nickel sulfamic acid, nickel chloride and boric acid basically.The pH value of electrobath remains between 3 to 5 during this operation, preferably, is about 4.5.Electric generator 76 makes electrode 74 keep positive potential, makes shell 36 keep negative potential.Therefore, electric current remains between the shell 36 of electrode 74 and heating rod, and current density is 5 to 50A/dm
2The outer surface of pending shell.Preferably, current density is about 20A/dm
2The thickness of the nickel dam that applies during the operation 7 is about 100 microns.
During operation 3 to 7, the part that is not used in the admittance coating of the outer surface 62 of heating rod is by the for example one deck organic varnish protection of one deck proper protection layer.
Above-mentioned heating rod and processing method have multiple superiority.
Partly the coating 60 of the outer surface of covering shell 36 can make these heating rod anticorrosions, improves the durability of heating rod.
In fact, the inventor finds, under some condition of work, between the heating region 46 and guide plate 50 of heating rod, or rather, between the edge in zone 46 and hole 54, has the medium of causticity.This gap constitutes narrow space, and wherein, water is seldom mobile, upgrades slowly, so that the boiling superheating phenomenon takes place in this space, causes the formation of Korrosionsmedium.
The electrolysis coating of the nickel of the boiler casing of selecting for use in the aforementioned embodiment, be used for partly covering heating rod is specially suitable, because:
-it is compatible with the stainless steel of the boiler casing 36 that constitutes heating rod;
-it allows to be used for the main loop because of purity is high;
-it is corrosion-resistant down in the distinctive condition of work of pressurizer (chemical composition of main water, temperature, pressure); And
-it anti-ly in specified main medium adds stress corrosion.
The electrode 74 that uses solvable nickel to process at the electrolysis tank that is used for applying coating 60 64 is suitable especially; Because it can keep the composition of electrolysis body lotion in fact constant, thereby during whole nickel plating process, guarantee constant and reproducible nickel quality during operation 6 and 7.
In addition, all process steps of said method all under the temperature of the fusion temperature of copper, carries out under 60 ℃ usually.Therefore, during nickel applies operation, do not damage any danger of the electric part (copper wire) of heating rod, thereby after this do not cause any danger of electric fault.
Under the situation of the heat test in the main loop of reactor, perhaps under the situation of cycle stretch-out, coating 60 is corrosion-resistant, and under these two kinds of situations, alkaline medium can be used for pressurizer.The cycle stretch-out situation is corresponding to using for the prolongation of laying down the nuclear reactor of some fuel assembly between twice cooling stops.
The geometry of heating rod does not almost become with respect to prior art.In order to obtain to immerse the same outer diameter as of part 30 definitely, can on shell, grind away about 100 microns one deck, apply the electrolysis coating again.
Above-mentioned heating rod 28 can have multiple modification with processing method.
The shell 36 of heating rod 28 can be processed without austenitic stainless steel, and (Inconel) 690 processes but for example use inconel.
The size of heating rod can be different from above-mentioned size (length of the total length of part 30, external diameter, heating region 46, not the length or the like of heating region 48).
Claims (14)
1. heating rod (28); It is used for the pressurizer (8) in the main loop (1) of pressurized-water reactor; This heating rod has metal shell (36) and heater block (40), and said metal shell (36) is the longitudinal extension form, has outer surface (62); Said heater block (40) is installed in the said shell (36)
It is characterized in that it has etch-proof protective finish (60), this coating (60) covers at least a portion outer surface (62) of said shell (36);
It has effective heating region (46), and said coating (60) is at least along whole said effective heating region (46) longitudinal extension;
And, said coating (60) at the both sides longitudinal extension of said effective heating region (46) on a guard space.
2. heating rod according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said coating (60) mainly comprises nickel.
3. heating rod according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said coating (60) has at least 95% nickel on weight.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described heating rods, it is characterized in that said coating (60) is plated on the said outer surface (62) with electrolysis in the nickel salt body lotion.
5. according to each described heating rod in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the thickness of said coating (60) is greater than 50 microns.
6. heating rod according to claim 1 is characterized in that said guard space is greater than 10 millimeters.
7. according to each described heating rod in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that said shell (36) is processed with austenitic stainless steel.
8. according to the processing method of the metal shell (36) of each described heating rod (28) usefulness in the claim 1 to 7; It is characterized in that; This processing method has the operation of applying coating (60): at least a portion outer surface (62) at said shell (36) in electrolysis tank (64) is gone up applying coating (60); Said electrolysis tank (64) comprises the electrolysis body lotion and is immersed in the electrode (74) in the electrolysis body lotion; Said electrolysis body lotion contains nickel sulfamic acid, nickel chloride and boric acid basically, and said shell (36) is arranged in the electrolysis body lotion, and electric current remains between said electrode (74) and the said shell (36).
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the pH value of said electrolysis body lotion remains between 3 to 5 during applying operation.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods, it is characterized in that said electrode (74) is processed with solvable nickel.
11. according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods, it is characterized in that said electric current keeps the current density of (62) 5 amperes to 50 amperes of outer surfaces of every square decimeter pending shell (36) during applying operation.
12. according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods; It is characterized in that; Before the operation of said applying coating (60) was the rendering operation: in electrolysis tank (64), go up coating one deck adhesive linkage at least a portion outer surface (62) of said shell (36), said electrolysis tank (64) has electrolysis body lotion and electrode (74), and said electrode is immersed in the said electrolysis body lotion; The electrolysis body lotion is the Watts body lotion; It mainly has nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride and boric acid, and said shell (36) is arranged in the electrolysis body lotion, and electric current remains between said electrode (74) and the said shell (36).
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, the pH value of said electrolysis body lotion remains between 3 to 5 during the rendering operation.
14., it is characterized in that the thickness of said adhesive linkage is less than 10 microns according to claim 12 or 13 described methods.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0512853A FR2895206B1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2005-12-16 | HEATED ROD FOR PRIMARY CIRCUIT PRESSURIZER OF A PRESSURE WATER NUCLEAR REACTOR. |
| FR0512853 | 2005-12-16 | ||
| PCT/FR2006/002711 WO2007068821A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-12 | Pressurizer heater for the primary cooling system of a pressurized-water nuclear reactor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101336566A CN101336566A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| CN101336566B true CN101336566B (en) | 2012-01-18 |
Family
ID=36955843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800523120A Active CN101336566B (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-12 | Pressurizer heater for the primary cooling system of a pressurized-water nuclear reactor |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9730277B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1961265B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5543108B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101336566B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE503366T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2633205C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602006020915D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2363558T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2895206B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007068821A1 (en) |
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| BRPI0815223A8 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2015-09-29 | Koninklijke Philips Nv | WATER HEATING DEVICE AND ASSEMBLY. |
| US20090141850A1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2009-06-04 | Westinghouse Electric Company, Llc | Pressurized water reactor pressurizer heater sheath |
| FR2958659B1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2013-01-11 | Electricite De France | TREATMENT OF A HEATING ROD FOR A PRESSURIZER OF THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR. |
| FR2967288B1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2015-07-17 | Electricite De France | METHOD FOR WATER FILLING A PRIMARY CIRCUIT OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR AND CONNECTING DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| US8781057B2 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-07-15 | Babcock & Wilcox Mpower, Inc. | Control system and method for pressurized water reactor (PWR) and PWR systems including same |
| CN103327666A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | 成都酷玩网络科技有限公司 | Electric heating device capable of rapidly conducting heat and efficiently conducting heating |
| CN103369751A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | 成都驹涛网络科技有限公司 | Electric heating device capable of quick heat conduction and efficient heating |
| CN103862186A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Welding structure for electric heating element sleeves of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant voltage stabilizer |
| FR3038443B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2021-04-02 | Soc Technique Pour Lenergie Atomique | NUCLEAR REACTOR WITH HEATING ELEMENTS ENTIRELY HOUSED IN AN INTEGRATED PRESSURIZER, CORRESPONDING OPERATING PROCEDURE |
| CN106653100B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-05-22 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Nuclear power floating platform and the pressure stabilizer that sloshing phenomenon can be inhibited |
| RU2637490C1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-12-05 | Акционерное общество "Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени и ордена труда ЧССР опытное конструкторское бюро "ГИДРОПРЕСС" | Device for electric heating of bath for deactivation |
| KR101788605B1 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-10-20 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Defrosting device and refrigerator having the same |
| KR101786517B1 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-10-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Defrosting device and refrigerator having the same |
| CN111798998B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏核电有限公司 | Operation method of voltage stabilizer electric heater |
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- 2006-12-12 EP EP06841915A patent/EP1961265B1/en active Active
- 2006-12-12 CA CA2633205A patent/CA2633205C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 CN CN2006800523120A patent/CN101336566B/en active Active
- 2006-12-12 JP JP2008545039A patent/JP5543108B2/en active Active
- 2006-12-12 US US12/097,170 patent/US9730277B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-12 AT AT06841915T patent/ATE503366T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-12 ES ES06841915T patent/ES2363558T3/en active Active
- 2006-12-12 DE DE602006020915T patent/DE602006020915D1/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009519453A (en) | 2009-05-14 |
| CN101336566A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| FR2895206B1 (en) | 2008-03-21 |
| WO2007068821A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| US9730277B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
| JP5543108B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| EP1961265A1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
| DE602006020915D1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
| ATE503366T1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
| CA2633205C (en) | 2016-05-24 |
| US20080310578A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
| EP1961265B1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
| CA2633205A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| ES2363558T3 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
| FR2895206A1 (en) | 2007-06-22 |
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