CN101331241A - Copper-zinc alloy and synchronizing ring produced therefrom - Google Patents

Copper-zinc alloy and synchronizing ring produced therefrom Download PDF

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CN101331241A
CN101331241A CNA2006800470509A CN200680047050A CN101331241A CN 101331241 A CN101331241 A CN 101331241A CN A2006800470509 A CNA2006800470509 A CN A2006800470509A CN 200680047050 A CN200680047050 A CN 200680047050A CN 101331241 A CN101331241 A CN 101331241A
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weight
alloy
ratio
copper
zinc alloy
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CN101331241B (en
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N·加格
M·霍尔德里德
F·格布哈特
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/025—Synchro rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Copper-zinc alloy comprising from 55 to 75% by weight of copper, from 0.1 to 8% by weight of aluminium, from 0.3 to 3.5% by weight of iron, from 0.5 to 8% by weight of manganese, from 0 to less than 5% by weight of nickel, from 0 to less than 0.1% by weight of lead, from 0 to 3% by weight of tin, from 0.3 to 5% by weight of silicon, from 0 to less than 0.1% by weight of cobalt, from 0 to less than 0.05% by weight of titanium, from 0 to less than 0.02% of phosphorus, unavoidable impurities and zinc as balance.

Description

Copper zinc alloy and by its synchronous ring of making
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of unleaded basically copper zinc alloy.The invention still further relates to such copper zinc alloy and make the purposes of synchronous ring, and relate to synchronous ring.
Background technology
As being used for electronic industry, copper zinc alloy or brass also are applied to health industry.In automotive industry, the brass billet with high-wearing feature and great friction coefficient is used to synchronous ring, and this synchronous ring is used for mechanical gear box and uses so that gear is synchronous.
For copper zinc alloy is processed easily, particularly, must make material obtain certain fragility by mechanical workout, to avoid producing long smear metal in the course of processing as far as possible, this length smear metal is difficult to remove from working space and machining tool.Known, can obtain the desired this fragility of mechanical workout of brass by adding a certain proportion of lead.Yet the lead of corresponding dosage has harm to HUMAN HEALTH unfriendly.
Therefore, but expectation provides the copper zinc alloy of the low as far as possible or even not plumbiferous mechanical workout of lead tolerance.Although it is plumbous that multiple European Union criterion still allows in brass alloys to use,, expectation turns down but still will being applied to the lead tolerance up to 4% that the brass of motor vehicle allows.
Known a kind of unleaded copper zinc alloy of health industry, using from EP1045041B1.Disclosed alloy comprises the copper of 69 to 79 weight %, the silicon of 2 to 4 weight %, the phosphorus of the aluminium of 0.1 to 1.5 weight % and 0.02 to 0.25 weight %.The γ that the interaction of silicon, aluminium and phosphorus component is intended to produce alloy mutually, this guarantees good machinability energy not using under the plumbous situation.
Known the low lead content copper zinc alloy that is used for synchronous ring with high abrasion resistance strength from DE2919478C2, DE3735783C1, EP0657555B1.
DE2919478C2 discloses the copper zinc alloy with following composition: the tin of the lead of the silicon of the manganese of the copper of 70 to 73 weight %, 6 to 8 weight %, the aluminium of 4 to 6 weight %, 1 to 4 weight %, the iron of 1 to 3 weight %, 0.5 to 1.5 weight %, the nickel of 0 to 0.2 weight %, 0 to 0.2 weight % and as the zinc of surplus.Be to obtain high abrasion resistance strength, this alloy comprises 60 to 85% α mixed crystal advantage ground fine distribution in the lattice of β in mutually.Plumbous with relatively little part by weight and its alloying.
DE3735783C1 has proposed to be used in particular for the copper zinc alloy of synchronous ring, the consisting of of this alloy: the nickel of the aluminium of the copper of 50 to 65 weight %, 1 to 6 weight %, the silicon of 0.5 to 5 weight %, 5 to 8 weight % and the iron of optional 0 to 1 weight %, 0 to 2 weight % plumbous and as the zinc of surplus.The lead proportion that is lower than 2 weight % is optional.The reason that realizes high-wearing feature is that nickel mainly exists with the intermetallic compound of silicon and aluminium.
Also known a kind of copper zinc alloy with high-wearing feature from EP0657555B1, this alloy comprises the copper of 40 to 65 weight %, the nickel of 8 to 25 weight %, the silicon of 2.5 to 5 weight %, the aluminium of 0 to 3 weight %, the iron of 0 to 3 weight %, the manganese of 0 to 2 weight %, the lead of 0 to 2 weight %, the zinc and the unavoidable impurities of surplus.Realized high-wearing feature by high nickel and silicone content, the effect of this nickel and silicone content is that matrix contains the nickel silicide of high volume content.Lattice does not contain the γ phase, mainly by the β phase composite.It is useful so that realize good processability that a spot of lead is considered to.
In addition, DE2830459C3 relates to a kind of cupronickel with high-wearing feature, this alloy composed as follows: the nickel of the aluminium of the copper of 45 to 75 weight %, 2 to 7 weight %, the iron of 0.1 to 2 weight %, 1 to 5 weight %, the cobalt of the silicon of 0.5 to 2 weight %, 0.1 to 2 weight % and the zinc of surplus.For high-wearing feature, this alloy also comprises compound between nickel-silicon shaped metal, and aluminium and cobalt also are limited in wherein.This alloy is not leaded.
At last, among the DE3809994C3, formed a kind of copper zinc alloy that is used for synchronous ring by following component: the aluminium of the zinc of 20 to 40 weight %, 2 to 8 weight %, at least two kinds of other components that form intermetallic compound, at least a for the component of titanium, surplus be copper or impurity at random.Realize high-wearing feature by described intermetallic compound.Lead is inessential.
Having the low lead of high abrasion resistance strength and the unleaded total feature of copper zinc alloy is that they have high-load intermetallic phase.These intermetallic phases cause certain fragility of alloy, make its easier mechanical workout.Smear metal is easy to fracture and is removed.Therefore, can reduce plumbous ratio or omission lead.If do not need high-wearing feature, as EP1045041B1, then can pass through the interaction of silicon, aluminium and phosphorus and in alloy, stablize γ mutually, reduce plumbous content.This alloy contains phosphorus, to guarantee the dezincify resistance in the expectation application of this alloy in health industry.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide the copper zinc alloy with high-wearing feature, this alloy is particularly useful for synchronous ring, and is substantially free of lead.
According to the present invention, realized this purpose by a kind of copper zinc alloy, this alloy comprises: the manganese of the aluminium of the copper of 55 to 75 weight %, 0.1 to 8 weight %, the iron of 0.3 to 3.5 weight %, 0.5 to 8 weight %, 0 silicon, 0 to the nickel that is lower than 5 weight %, 0 tin, 0.3 to 5 weight % to the lead that is lower than 0.1 weight %, 0 to 3 weight % to the cobalt that is lower than 0.1 weight %, 0 to the titanium that is lower than 0.05 weight %, 0 zinc to the phosphorus that is lower than 0.02 weight %, unavoidable impurities and surplus.
The thought that the present invention is based on is lead content to be reduced to be lower than 0.1 weight % intentionally, and does not provide compensation about required machinability by the stabilization of intermetallic phase or γ phase.Alloy compositions aluminium, manganese, iron and silicon by necessity guarantee enough wear resistancies.Manganese, iron and silicon in the specified amount scope can produce the intermetallic phase of enough basic ratios in copper zinc alloy.Especially, aluminium makes the mixed crystal sclerosis.Manganese has active effect for wear resistance.Realize improvement by optional described other alloy compositions nickel and Xi Ke.It also can contain cobalt and titanium, and their content can be lower than the limit of regulation.Yet, making it and surpass the described component alloying of this ultimate, the wear resistance that can and obtain expectation for the machinability of expecting be unnecessary.Phosphorus is unnecessary as a kind of alloy compositions for improving the dezincify resistance.
Different with the previous viewpoint in present technique field, the content of lead is reduced to the ratio that is lower than 0.1 weight % and does not increase intermetallic phase unexpectedly becomes possibility, because find that after broad research the desired copper zinc alloy of machining is possible, in particular for the making synchronous ring, even need not to add plumbous.
The wear resisting property of this copper zinc alloy and abrasion intensity can improve when copper zinc alloy advantageously comprises following composition: the ratio of aluminium is that the ratio of 0.5 to 2.5 weight %, iron is that the ratio of 0.3 to 1 weight %, manganese is that the ratio of 0.5 to 5 weight %, nickel is 0.5 to be that the ratio of 0 to 1.5 weight % and silicon is 0.3 to 2 weight % to the ratio that is lower than 5 weight %, tin.
In substituting favourable embodiment of the present invention, copper zinc alloy comprises the aluminium of higher proportion, and the notable feature of this alloy is that it comprises: manganese, the ratio that ratio is the aluminium of 3 to 8 weight %, iron that ratio is 1 to 3 weight %, ratio is 5 to 8 weight % is 0 to be 0 to be the silicon of 1 to 4 weight % to tin that is lower than 0.5 weight % and ratio to the nickel that is lower than 0.5 weight %, ratio.Such material has the mechanical property that synchronous ring needs.
This copper zinc alloy is applicable to the making synchronous ring, especially makes by mechanical workout.
Description of drawings:
To explain typical embodiments of the present invention in more detail by accompanying drawing and the following examples.
Fig. 1 shows a synchronous ring with skeleton view.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 has shown a typical synchronous ring 1, and this synchronous ring can make from copper zinc alloy, particularly makes by mechanical workout.Synchronous ring 1 has internal surface 3, and this internal surface is used for forming frictional fit with the conical friction counterpart.Be arranged in the excircle of synchronous ring 1 with the tooth 2 of corresponding groove interlock on the supporting slotted socket.In order to improve flowing of oil, internal surface 3 has and is positioned at axial oil duct 4, and the oil that this oil duct can will exist under the situation of frictional fit is removed fast.
Embodiment:
4 kinds of alloys have been studied altogether, every pair of only difference to some extent on its lead content of alloy.Alloy 1A comprises: silicon and the surplus zinc of the manganese of the aluminium of the copper of 57.9 weight %, 1.65 weight %, the iron of 0.4 weight %, 1.95 weight %, the lead of 0.55 weight %, 0.6 weight %.The difference of alloy 1B and alloy 1A is not leaded, that is, plumbous content is only at the level-0.02 weight % of inevitable impurity.Alloy 2A comprises: silicon and the surplus lead of the manganese of the aluminium of the copper of 69.7 weight %, 5.2 weight %, the iron of 1.1 weight %, 7.8 weight %, the lead of 0.8 weight %, 1.8 weight %, and unavoidable impurities.The difference of alloy 2B and alloy 2A is that its lead content is only in inevitable level-0.05.Alloy A is the plumbiferous comparative alloy of bag, and it is being suitable for synchronous ring aspect wear resistance and the processability.Alloy B is embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
For described alloy, in Reichert friction and wear balance, measure abrasive wear resistance (km/g) and wearing coefficient, the slip velocity on whole miles of relative movement 2500m is that 1.65m/sec and load are 52N/mm 2For this purpose, the brass nail of the diameter 2.7mm that will be made by each beta alloy is pressed onto on the steel loop of rotation with specific load.Abrasive wear resistance and frictional coefficient are determined by the weight loss of specific running distance back brass nail.The result is summarised in the following form:
Alloy, numbering Abrasive wear resistance, km/g Frictional coefficient
1A 201 0.12
1B 235 0.12
2A 1215 0.11
2B 1458 0.11
As can be seen, it is not inferior that the abrasive wear resistance of lead-free alloy B and frictional coefficient are compared with lead-containing alloy A, is improved on the contrary.
Embodiment 2:
Described alloy has been carried out the cutting test.For this purpose, the cutting height of thread is that 0.37mm, pitch are that 0.65mm and spiral shell ventral horn are 60 ° screw thread in according to the synchronous ring of Fig. 1, and described synchronous ring is made by the alloy of test.Thread groove is drawn altogether and is carved 5 times; That is, there are 5 threading dies.Use according to the hard metallic substance of the quality K20 of DIN 4990 as the screw thread cutting material.After the employing parting tool cuts out the thread groove of defined amount, the wearing and tearing of instrument are measured.For this purpose, measured the difference of cross-sectional area before and after test of pitch.The results are as follows:
Alloy, numbering The thread groove number that cuts out Tool wear, mm 2
1A 6846 0.0226
1B 14670 0.0085
2A 10273 0.0015
2B 10273 0.0005
Alloy 1A is carried out the screw thread fluting stop test afterwards 6846 times, because significant tool wear has taken place.Can determine that the tool wear that uses lead-free alloy B is less than the tool wear that uses leaded metal A.
Embodiment 3:
The smear metal of removing in the test is being cut in observation according to embodiment 2.Can determine, longer although the smear metal of lead-free alloy B is compared with the smear metal of lead-containing alloy A, do not interconnect with entwining and be in the same place.With the expection opposite, this smear metal can successfully be removed during mechanical workout.
This lead-free alloy is particularly useful for making synchronous ring.Therefore avoided adding lead to improve the machinability energy.
Reference numerals list
1 synchronous ring
2 teeth
3 internal surfaces
4 oil ducts

Claims (6)

1. copper zinc alloy comprises: the manganese of the aluminium of the copper of 55 to 75 weight %, 0.1 to 8 weight %, the iron of 0.3 to 3.5 weight %, 0.5 to 8 weight %, 0 silicon, 0 to the nickel that is lower than 5 weight %, 0 tin, 0.3 to 5 weight % to the lead that is lower than 0.1 weight %, 0 to 3 weight % to the cobalt that is lower than 0.1 weight %, 0 to the titanium that is lower than 0.05 weight %, 0 zinc to the phosphorus that is lower than 0.02 weight %, unavoidable impurities and surplus.
2. according to the copper zinc alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise: manganese, the ratio that ratio is the aluminium of 0.5 to 2.5 weight %, iron that ratio is 0.3 to 1 weight %, ratio is 0.5 to 5 weight % is 0.5 to be that tin and the ratio of 0 to 1.5 weight % is the silicon of 0.3 to 2 weight % to the nickel that is lower than 5 weight %, ratio.
3. according to the copper zinc alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise: manganese, the ratio that ratio is the aluminium of 3 to 8 weight %, iron that ratio is 1 to 3 weight %, ratio is 5 to 8 weight % is 0 to be 0 to be the silicon of 1 to 4 weight % to tin that is lower than 0.5 weight % and ratio to the nickel that is lower than 0.5 weight %, ratio.
4. according to one the purposes of copper zinc alloy in making synchronous ring (1) in the claim 1 to 3.
5. according to the purposes of claim 4, it is characterized in that described synchronous ring (1) is made by mechanical workout by copper zinc alloy.
6. synchronous ring (1), it is to make according to one copper zinc alloy in the claim 1 to 3.
CN2006800470509A 2005-12-13 2006-12-05 Copper-zinc alloy and synchronizing ring produced therefrom Expired - Fee Related CN101331241B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102005059391A DE102005059391A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Copper-zinc alloy and synchronizer ring made from it
DE102005059391.7 2005-12-13
PCT/EP2006/011622 WO2007068368A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2006-12-05 Copper-zinc alloy and synchronizing ring produced therefrom

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CN101331241B CN101331241B (en) 2012-08-29

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EP (1) EP1960560B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009519376A (en)
KR (2) KR20140054439A (en)
CN (1) CN101331241B (en)
AR (1) AR056755A1 (en)
BR (2) BR122014003022B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102005059391A1 (en)
PL (1) PL1960560T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO2007068368A1 (en)

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WO2007068368A1 (en) 2007-06-21
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