CN101322291A - Surface-emitting laser device and surface-emitting laser array including same - Google Patents

Surface-emitting laser device and surface-emitting laser array including same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101322291A
CN101322291A CNA2007800004903A CN200780000490A CN101322291A CN 101322291 A CN101322291 A CN 101322291A CN A2007800004903 A CNA2007800004903 A CN A2007800004903A CN 200780000490 A CN200780000490 A CN 200780000490A CN 101322291 A CN101322291 A CN 101322291A
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emitting laser
surface emitting
laser device
layer
reflector
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CN101322291B (en
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佐藤俊一
原敬
轴谷直人
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
    • H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
    • H01S5/18358—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] containing spacer layers to adjust the phase of the light wave in the cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/435—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/447—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources
    • B41J2/45—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources using light-emitting diode [LED] or laser arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S2304/00—Special growth methods for semiconductor lasers
    • H01S2304/04—MOCVD or MOVPE
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/024—Arrangements for thermal management
    • H01S5/02461—Structure or details of the laser chip to manipulate the heat flow, e.g. passive layers in the chip with a low heat conductivity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
    • H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
    • H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
    • H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
    • H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
    • H01S5/3211—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
    • H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
    • H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
    • H01S5/34326—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer based on InGa(Al)P, e.g. red laser
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/42—Arrays of surface emitting lasers
    • H01S5/423—Arrays of surface emitting lasers having a vertical cavity

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Abstract

A surface-emitting laser device is disclosed that includes a substrate connected to a heat sink; a first reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector on the substrate; a first cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the first reflective layer; an active layer formed in contact with the first cavity spacer layer; a second cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the active layer; and a second reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector in contact with the second cavity spacer layer. The first cavity spacer layer includes a semiconductor material having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of a semiconductor material forming the second cavity spacer layer.

Description

Surface emitting laser device and comprise its surface-emitting laser array
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface emitting laser device, the surface-emitting laser array that comprises this surface emitting laser device, the imaging device that comprises this surface-emitting laser array, the optical pick-up unit that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical transmitter module that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical transceiver module that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical communication system that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical scanner that comprises this surface-emitting laser array, and the electronic photographing device that comprises this optical scanner.
Background technology
Surface emitting laser device (surface-emitting semiconductor laser device) is along hanging down as for the luminous semiconductor laser of the direction of substrate.Because the surface emitting laser device is compared with the edge-emitting laser device and is obtained high performance characteristic at low cost, the surface emitting laser device is used to consumer applications, for example, such as the interconnected optical communication light source of optics, optical pickup apparatus light source and use in image-forming apparatus light source.
Particularly, the surface emitting laser device of 850nm and 980nm wave band is enjoyed good carrier confinement in active layer.More specifically, the surface emitting laser device of 850nm wave band adopts mqw active layer that is formed by GaAs (GaAs) and base layer and barrier layer (coating) that is formed by aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs).
In addition, in the surface emitting laser device of 850nm wave band, because can adopt and use high-performance AlGaAs is the current confinement structure (for example semiconductor multilayer film reflective mirror and semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector [semiconductor DBR]) and the Al oxidation film of speculum, therefore realized the performance of realistic scale.
Yet because the volume of active layer is little in the surface emitting laser device, the light output of surface emitting laser device is lower than edge-emitting laser, thereby often needs to improve output.Especially, along with wavelength shortens, the restriction of charge carrier becomes poorer in the active layer, therefore causes such as the problem that can't obtain high output and bad temperature characterisitic.
Oscillation wavelength adopts the AlAs layer of selective oxidation as current confinement structure at short wavelength's surface emitting laser device of 780nm wave band.(seeing non-patent literature 1).The surface emitting laser device that discloses in the non-patent literature 1 has the chamber (resonant cavity) that is folded in down between speculum and the upper reflector, and wherein this chamber has the active layer that is folded between the barrier layer.
This chamber has the thickness that oscillation wavelength is suitable.This active layer has the Al that alternately piles up 0.12Ga 0.88As trap layer and Al 0.3Ga 0.7As builds the quantum well structure of layer.In addition, the barrier layer is by Al 0.6Ga 0.4As forms.In addition, following speculum has 40.5 n type Al 0.3Ga 0.7As high refractive index layer and n type Al 0.9Ga 0.1Piling up of As low-index layer is right.In this case, the oscillation wavelength of establishing the surface emitting laser device is λ, and then the thickness of each this high refractive index layer and low-index layer is λ/4.
In addition, upper reflector has 24 p type Al 0.3Ga 0.7As high refractive index layer and p type Al 0.9Ga 0.1Piling up of As low-index layer is right.In this case, the thickness of each this high refractive index layer and low-index layer also is λ/4.
In addition, AlAs selective oxide layer (selectively oxidized layer) is located in the upper reflector and λ/4 that are separated by, this chamber.The content gradually variational layer that component gradually changes is located between each adjacent two layers of each speculum to reduce resistance.
Above-mentioned layer such as active layer and barrier layer is to be formed by MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition equipment) or MBE (molecular beam extension).
The surface emitting laser device that discloses in the non-patent literature 1 adopts platform shape (mesa shape).By pile up continuously on the substrate down speculum, (descending) barrier layer, active layer, (on) barrier layer and upper reflector, and by dry etching with this upper reflector of after etching, (on) barrier layer, active layer and (descending) barrier layer form this shape thus to reach this time speculum.
In case form this shape, the side surface that is used as the AlAs layer of AlAs selective oxide layer exposed.Therefore, thus the AlAs layer experiences heat treatment in steam convert AlAs to Al xAs yInsulator forms current confinement structure (oxide window) thus, and the path that this current confinement structure will install drive current is limited in the unoxidized AlAs zone at center.
Subsequently, the p lateral electrode is formed on this platform except light out part (metal window) of this top, and the n lateral electrode is formed on the bottom side of substrate, finishes this surface emitting laser device thus.
According to non-patent literature 1, by optimizing this oxide window and metal window, obtained the output of 3.4mW, this output is the maximum of single mode output in the 780nm wave band.
Yet, reported the output of 7mW at 850nm and 980nm wave band, show that the output of surface emitting laser device of 780nm wave band is low.A method that increases light output is that the temperature that reduces illuminating part rises.
As the method that the temperature that suppresses illuminating part rises, proposed to reduce the configuration (patent documentation 1) of the thermal resistance in the surface emitting laser device that oscillation wavelength is 850nm.In this configuration, place down most of low-index layer employing thermal conductivity in the bottom of speculum to be higher than the AlAs of AlGaAs.
Conventional AlGaAs is used to down the low-index layer on the top of speculum.If this etched surfaces arrives the following speculum inside of using AlAs when forming the platform shape, then descend the AlAs that exposes in the speculum when forming the AlAs selective oxide layer also by the oxidation institute oxidation in this etching subsequent technique, make this device be insulated or have high resistance.Therefore, for fear of this problem, AlGaAs is used to the low-index layer on the top of this time speculum.
That is to say that by the AlGaAs that provides etch-rate to be lower than AlAs at the following upside of speculum, this etched surfaces is placed in the AlGaAs inside on the upside of this time speculum.
In addition, in the surface emitting laser device of 780nm wave band, because activated aluminum (Al) is added active layer to, oxygen is hunted down when growth or processing, makes non-radiative recombination center be formed in this active layer.This has reduced luminous efficiency and reliability.
Therefore, in being shorter than the surface emitting laser device of 850nm wave band, proposed a kind of surface emitting laser device of 780nm wave band, this surface emitting laser device adopts the formation (patent documentation 2) of no Al active area (mqw active layer and adjacent layer thereof) to prevent non-radiative recombination center.Particularly, the GaAsP with tensile strain is used for mqw active layer, and the GaInP with compressive strain is used for building layer, and the GaInP of lattice match is used for barrier layer (between coating and the first and the 3rd mqw active layer), and AlGaInP is used for this coating.Adopt this configuration to improve the reliability of this surface emitting laser device.
In addition, a kind of surface emitting laser device of 780nm wave band has been proposed, this surface emitting laser device is except producing the effect that causes owing to no Al active area, the GaInPAs that use has compressive strain is used for quantum well layer, the GaInP that uses the GaInP of lattice match or have a tensile strain is used for building layer, and use the Al component to be used for coating, thereby improve the gain (non-patent literature 2) of active layer greater than the AlGaInP on barrier layer.Compare with the structure of the disclosed surface emitting laser device of patent documentation 1, this surface emitting laser device that has the base layer of lattice match and have a band gap bigger than compressive strain component has good carrier confinement.
Yet the problem of existence is that the output of the surface emitting laser device of short oscillation wavelength is low.
Simultaneously, because surface emitting laser and edge-emitting laser specific consumption power still less mutually has better mode stability, and easier to be highly integrated, its research and development are active recently, write down the field in the hope of being applied to the communications field and image.
In semiconductor laser, oscillation wavelength is the band gap decision by the material of active layer.At visible-range near infrared range, after deliberation AlGaAs system and (Al) GaInP based material.Wherein, especially the AlGaAs based material has been studied for a long time and has had many reports, and such as non-patent literature 1 report, realized surpassing the single mode output characteristic of 3mW for the surface emitting laser device.Use the product of this characteristic can buy.
Yet in semiconductor laser, Al is regarded as the cause of device deterioration.Because the AlGaAs based material comprises the cause of deterioration inherently, use the AlGaAs based material to be difficult to realize device highly reliably.On the other hand, use GaInP system and GaInAsP based material ratio to be easier to realize device highly reliably, because do not contain Al in the active layer.
Simultaneously, the surface emitting laser device has following structure, and its lumen vertically is folded between the multilayer film, and this multilayer film is formed by two kinds of different materials of refractive index respectively.The combination of these two kinds of materials comprises Al xGa 1-xAs/Al yGa 1-yAs, (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P/ (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P and Al xGa 1-xAs/ (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x, y≤1 and x ≠ y).These material systems and component are suitably determined according to oscillation wavelength.
In addition, the surface emitting laser device has high device resistance for reasons in structure, and it is characterized by the heat that produces in the active layer, to be transmitted into outside possibility lower.That is to say, thereby need address these problems the surface emitting laser device that development has superperformance.In order to solve preceding problem, the content gradually variational layer is located at each interface of two kinds of materials that form each speculum.In order to solve back one problem, then adopted material with good thermal conductivity.
With regard to material thermal conductivity, if the Al component is identical, then AlGaAs based material thermal conductivity is better than the AlGaInP based material.Non-patent literature 3 has been reported a kind of use AlAs/Al 0.25Ga 0.75The surface emitting laser device of As.
Yet, in the situation of this report, (Al 0.5Ga 0.5) 0.5In 0.5P is used as the barrier layer, chamber, and this material is attached to Al 0.25Ga 0.75As forms speculum.Yet, the valence band of these materials can be with discrete proportion bigger, this causes device resistance to increase.
In conjunction with AlGaAs speculum and AlGaInP is that the situation in chamber is disclosed in non-patent literature 4, but also can't avoid identical problem.
In addition, for the situation of the crystal growth that causes AlGaInP based material and AlGaAs based material continuously, after the growth of AlGaInP based material, need be with V family material from P material (PH for example 3) change As material (AsH for example into 3).At this moment, introduce defective and cause variety of issue at its interface probably.In patent documentation 3, the possibility that said apparatus resistance increases is low, but does not describe the above-mentioned P of containing material/contain As material interface.
On the other hand, patent documentation 4 has disclosed a kind of configuration, and wherein only n side rearview mirror or p side rearview mirror and n side rearview mirror form by the AlGaInP based material.Yet because AlGaInP based material thermal conductivity is poorer than the AlGaAs based material, thereby the temperature of active layer may increase in the duration of oscillation and makes a lot of deterioration in characteristics.
Simultaneously, in the image record of electrofax, use the image recording process of laser to be used as the image recording means widely to obtain the HD image quality.For the situation of electronic photographing device, usually, on photosensitive drums, form sub-image (son scanning) thus by making the drum rotation use polygon mirror to make laser simultaneously along axially the scanning of drum (main scanning).
In addition, in the electrofax field, need HD image and high speed image recording.These speed that can increase main scanning and son scanning by the sensitivity that increases laser output or photoreceptor simultaneously realize.Yet, for the situation that increases the image writing speed by this method, many problems appear, for example develop the reinforcement that light source is used for high laser output or high-sensitive photoreceptor, supports the shell of high speed main scanning and son scanning, and the position control method of development when high-velocity scanning, need thus to spend mint of money and time.In addition, with regard to HD image, if the resolution of image is double, it is also double that each main scanning and son scan the required time, makes the output required time of this image turn over four times.Therefore, need also to realize simultaneously that high speed image output is to realize HD image.
Be used to realize that the another kind of method of high speed image output can adopt multiple laser device (a plurality of laser).Usually use a plurality of lasers in the present high speed output device.Adopt a plurality of lasers to enlarge the area of the sub-image that uses single main scanning formation.For the situation of using n laser, above-mentioned sub-image forms area and only is the latter's 1/n for n times of the situation of using single laser and image write down the required time.
Equally, patent documentation 5 has proposed a kind of multi beam semiconductor laser that has a plurality of light emitting sources in single chip.Yet, adopt the configuration of the use edge-emission semiconductor laser as patent documentation 5 described in, for the reason of structure and cost, number of light beams is about four or mostly be eight most, makes and can't support high speed image to export that this expection in the future can make progress.
On the other hand, as mentioned above, it is integrated that the surface emitting laser device is easy to two dimension.By adjusting or changing integrated approach, can make the actual light beam pitch narrower and light-emitting device as much as possible is integrated on the one chip.
Yet the problem of existence is that the carrier confinement of conventional surface emitting laser device is insufficient, makes that output is low.
[patent documentation 1] spy opens the 2002-164621 communique
[patent documentation 2] spy opens flat 9-107153 communique
[patent documentation 3] spy opens the 2004-281968 communique
[patent documentation 4] spy opens the 2002-158406 communique
[patent documentation 5] spy opens flat 11-340570 communique
[non-patent literature 1] Ueki, N.et al., " Single-Transverse-Mode 3.4-mW Emissionof Oxide-Confined 780-nm VCSEL ' s " IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGYLETTERS, 11, No.12,1539-1541 (1999)
[non-patent literature 2] Tansu, N.et al., " Low-Temperature Sensitive; Compressively Strained InGaAsP Active (λ=0.78～0.85 μ m) Region DiodeLasers; " IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 12, No.6,603-605 (2000)
[non-patent literature 3] Schneider, R.P.Jr.et al.; " GaInAsP/AlGaInP-based near-IR (780nm) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, " ELECTRONICS LETTERA, 31, No.7,554-556 (1995)
[non-patent literature 4] Lott, J.A.et al.; " Partial top dielectric stack distributedBragg reflectors for red vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays; " IEEEPHOTONICS TECHNOLOGYLETTERS, 6, No.12,1397-1399 (1994)
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention can solve or alleviate one or more the problems referred to above.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, wherein one or more the problems referred to above can be solved or be alleviated.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of surface-emitting laser array that comprises this surface emitting laser device, the imaging device that comprises this surface-emitting laser array, the optical pick-up unit that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical transmitter module that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical transceiver module that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical communication system that comprises this surface emitting laser device or this surface-emitting laser array, the optical scanner that comprises this surface-emitting laser array, and the electronic photographing device that comprises this optical scanner.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of surface emitting laser device with high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of surface-emitting laser array with the surface emitting laser device that can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of imaging device with the surface emitting laser device that can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of have surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical pick-up unit that uses the surface-emitting laser array of this surface emitting laser device are provided.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of have surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical transmitter module of using the surface-emitting laser array of this surface emitting laser device are provided.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of have surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical transceiver module that uses the surface-emitting laser array of this surface emitting laser device are provided.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of have surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical communication system that uses the surface-emitting laser array of this surface emitting laser device are provided.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of optical scanner with the surface-emitting laser array that comprises the surface emitting laser device that can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of use to comprise to have the electronic photographing device of surface-emitting laser array of the surface emitting laser device of high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And second reflector that forms this barrier layer, second chamber of contact by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector, wherein this barrier layer, first chamber comprises the semiconductor material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material that forms this barrier layer, second chamber.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector form the contact this barrier layer, second chamber second reflector, wherein this active layer comprises by Ga aIn 1-aP bAs 1-bThe trap layer that (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms, and by (the Ga of band gap greater than the band gap of this trap layer cIn 1-c) dP 1-dThe base layer that As (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms; This first reflector comprises by Al xGa 1-xA plurality of low-index layers that As (0＜x≤1) forms and by Al yGa 1-yA plurality of high refractive index layers that As (0＜y＜x≤1) forms; This barrier layer, first and second chambeies part one of at least is to be formed by AlGaInP; One of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of formation of close this active layer is by (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1) forms; And one of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of formation of close this active layer is greater than described (Al by thermal conductivity eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe Al of p xGa 1-xAs (0＜x≤1) forms.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector form the contact this barrier layer, second chamber second reflector, wherein this active layer comprises by Ga aIn I-aP bAs 1-bThe trap layer that (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms, and by (the Ga of band gap greater than the band gap of this trap layer cIn 1-c) dP 1-dThe base layer that As (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms; This first reflector comprises by Al xGa 1-xA plurality of low-index layers that As (0＜x≤1) forms and by Al yGa 1-yA plurality of high refractive index layers that As (0＜y＜x≤1) forms; The part on this barrier layer, second chamber is by (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1) forms; And comprise described (Al on this barrier layer, second chamber eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe position of P is with respect to the position of this active layer symmetry, and this barrier layer, first chamber comprises the semiconductor material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than described (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe thermal conductivity of P.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector form the contact this barrier layer, second chamber second reflector, wherein this first reflector comprises that a plurality of low-index layers and this second reflector comprise a plurality of low-index layers; And the thermal conductivity of semi-conducting material of one of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of close this active layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material of one of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of close this active layer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the surface emitting laser device, placing barrier layer, chamber and reflector on the substrate-side of active layer is to be formed by semi-conducting material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material in barrier layer, chamber on the outlet side that places this active layer and reflector.Therefore, the heat that produces in this active layer is transmitted into this substrate, makes that the temperature rising in the active layer is inhibited.
Therefore, the temperature characterisitic of this surface emitting laser device improves, and makes this surface emitting laser device can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of surface-emitting laser array that comprises according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention.
Because it is one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention that this surface-emitting laser array comprises, can reduce the interval that this surface emitting laser device is arranged, make and can arrange this surface emitting laser device to high-density.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of this surface-emitting laser array that comprises as the imaging device that writes with light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention.
Because this imaging device comprises that according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array this imaging device can use the surface emitting laser device that increases number to write on photoreceptor.That is to say that this imaging device can write with the dot density that increases on photoreceptor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical pick-up unit as light source.
Since this optical pick-up unit comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, this optical pick-up unit can use a plurality of laser beams to record the information on the CD or from optical disc replay information.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical transmitter module as light source.
Since this optical transmitter module comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, this optical transmitter module can use a plurality of laser beams to send signals.That is to say that this optical transmitter module can send signal with high transmission rate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical transceiver module as light source.
Since this optical transceiver module comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, this optical transceiver module can use a plurality of laser beams to pass on signals.That is to say that this optical transceiver module can be passed on signal with high speed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical communication system as light source.
Since this optical communication system comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, can increase the speed of whole system.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector and is formed at first reflector on the substrate; Form second reflector in this first reflector of contact; The chamber that comprises active layer, this chamber form this second reflector of contact; Form the 3rd reflector in this chamber of contact; And the 4th reflector that forms contact the 3rd reflector, wherein this chamber is to be formed by the AlGaInPAs based material; This second reflector comprises the body ply of individual first high refractive index layer of the n that alternately piles up and n first low-index layer, and wherein n is a positive integer; The 3rd reflector comprises the body ply of individual second high refractive index layer of the m that alternately piles up and m second low-index layer, and wherein m is a positive integer; Each this n first low-index layer and this m second low-index layer is by (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x≤1) forms; Each this n first high refractive index layer and this m second high refractive index layer is by (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤y＜x≤1) forms; This chamber of one of this n first low-index layer contact, and the contact of one of this n first high refractive index layer forms the AlGaAs based material in this first reflector; And one of this m second low-index layer this chamber of contact, and the contact of one of this m second high refractive index layer forms the AlGaAs based material in the 4th reflector.
In surface emitting laser device according to an embodiment of the invention, the low-index layer that forms the reflector in contact chamber is by (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x≤1) forms, and the high refractive index layer that forms the reflector in contact chamber is by (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤y＜x≤1) forms, and this chamber is to be formed by the AlGaInPAs based material.As a result, can be in active layer with carrier confinement, and reduce the resistance in this reflector that forms this chamber of contact.Therefore, this surface emitting laser device can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface-emitting laser array that comprises a plurality of according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention is provided, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of optical scanner that comprises a plurality of surface-emitting laser arrays according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention that comprises is provided, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively; Light receiver is configured to receive from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And moving part is configured in the time except image recording time this light receiver be moved on the optical axis of institute's emitted laser.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of optical scanner that comprises a plurality of surface-emitting laser arrays according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention that comprises is provided, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively; Light receiver is configured to receive the part from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And the light guide portion is configured to the part of institute's emitted laser is guided to this light receiver.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of electronic photographing device that comprises optical scanner is provided, this optical scanner comprises and comprises a plurality of surface-emitting laser arrays according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively; Light receiver is configured to receive the part from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And the light guide portion is configured to the part of institute's emitted laser is guided to this light receiver.
Description of drawings
When reading following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other purposes of the present invention, feature and advantage will become more apparent, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross section view according to the part of two reflector, barrier layer, two chambeies and the active layer shown in Figure 1 of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional view in one of reflector shown in Figure 1 according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to another reflector shown in Figure 1 of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 A to 5H is the diagram according to the manufacture method of the surface emitting laser device shown in Figure 1 of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is thermal conductivity and each Al that illustrates according to first embodiment of the invention xGa 1-xAs and (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5The curve chart of the relation among the P between the Al molal quantity x;
Fig. 7 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the cross section view according to the part of two reflector, barrier layer, two chambeies and the active layer shown in Figure 8 of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the cross section view according to the reflector shown in Figure 10 of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is the cross section view according to the part of two reflector, barrier layer, two chambeies and the active layer shown in Figure 10 of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 14 is the cross section view according to the reflector shown in Figure 13 of fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of sixth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of seventh embodiment of the invention;
Figure 17 is the cross section view according to the reflector shown in Figure 16 of seventh embodiment of the invention;
Figure 18 is the plan view according to the surface-emitting laser array of the use of eighth embodiment of the invention surface emitting laser device shown in Figure 1;
Figure 19 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the imaging device of ninth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 20 is the plan view according to the surface-emitting laser array shown in Figure 19 of ninth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 21 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical transmitter module of tenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 22 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical transceiver module of eleventh embodiment of the invention;
Figure 23 is the schematic cross-sectional view that illustrates according to the surface emitting laser device of twelveth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 24 is the cross section view according to four reflector, barrier layer, two chambeies and the active layer shown in Figure 23 of twelveth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 25 is the energy band diagram of the part of two reflector shown in Figure 24 according to twelveth embodiment of the invention, two reflector and chamber (barrier layer ,=chamber and active layer);
Figure 26 illustrates aluminium (Al) the component ratio x according to twelveth embodiment of the invention and the curve chart of the relation between the potential energy;
Figure 27 A is the energy band diagram in the chamber and the reflector of conventional surface emitting laser device, and Figure 27 B is the energy band diagram in the chamber and the reflector of another conventional surface emitting laser device;
Figure 28 is the curve chart that illustrates according to the thermal conductivity and the relation between the Al component ratio x of twelveth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 29 A to 29H is the diagram that illustrates according to the manufacture method of the surface emitting laser device shown in Figure 23 of twelveth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 30 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of thriteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 31 is the cross section view according to two reflector shown in Figure 30 of thriteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 32 is the cross section view according to other two reflector shown in Figure 30 of thriteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 33 is the energy band diagram of the part of two reflector shown in Figure 30 according to thriteenth embodiment of the invention, two reflector and chamber (barrier layer ,=chamber and active layer);
Figure 34 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device of fourteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 35 is the cross section view according to two reflector shown in Figure 34 of fourteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 36 is the cross section view according to other two reflector shown in Figure 34 of fourteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 37 is the energy band diagram of the part of two reflector shown in Figure 34 according to fourteenth embodiment of the invention, two reflector and chamber (barrier layer ,=chamber and active layer);
Figure 38 is the plan view according to the surface-emitting laser array of the use of fifteenth embodiment of the invention surface emitting laser device shown in Figure 23;
Figure 39 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner of sixteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 40 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner of seventeenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 41 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner of eighteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 42 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner of nineteenth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 43 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner of twentieth embodiment of the invention; And
Figure 44 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the electronic photographing device of 21st embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention will be described by referring to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, components identical or with represent with identical reference number at preceding described corresponding element, and no longer repeat description to it.
[first embodiment]
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 100 of first embodiment of the invention.With reference to figure 1, surface emitting laser device 100 comprises substrate 101, reflector 102 and 106, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105, active layer 104, selective oxide layer 107, contact layer 108, SiO 2Layer 109, insulating resin 110, p lateral electrode 111 and n lateral electrode 112.Surface emitting laser device 110 is the surface emitting laser device of 780 wave bands.
Substrate 101 is formed by (100) n p type gallium arensidep (n-GaAs), and its surface orientation is towards the tilted inclinations angle of 15 degree of the direction of (111) A face.Reflector 102 is by [the n-Al in 35.5 cycles 0.9Ga 0.1As/n-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As] form, wherein with a pair of n-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As/n-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As is 1 cycle, and is formed on the interarea of substrate 101.If the oscillation wavelength of surface emitting laser device 100 is λ, then each n-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As and n-Al 0.3Ga 0.7The thickness of As is λ/4.
Barrier layer, chamber 103 is by Ga 0.5In 0.5P is formed on the reflector 102.Active layer 104 has the quantum well structure of compressive strain component, and is formed on the barrier layer, chamber 103.
Barrier layer, chamber 105 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P is formed on the active layer 104.Reflector 106 is by 24 cycle [p-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As/p-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As] form, wherein with a pair of p-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As/p-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As is 1 cycle, and is formed on the barrier layer, chamber 105.Each p-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As and p-Al 0.3Ga 0.7The thickness of As is λ/4.
Selective oxide layer 107 is to form and be located in the reflector 106 by p-AlAs.Selective oxide layer 107 comprises not oxide regions 107a and oxide regions 107b, and thickness is 20nm.
Contact layer 108 is to be formed on the reflector 106 by p-GaAs.SiO 2Layer 109 forms the part of the interarea that covers reflector 102 and the side surface of barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104, barrier layer, chamber 105, reflector 106, selective oxide layer 107 and contact layer 108.
Insulating resin 110 forms contact SiO 2Layer 109.P lateral electrode 111 is formed on contact layer 108 parts and the insulating resin 110.N lateral electrode 112 is formed on the bottom side of substrate 101.
In surface emitting laser device 100, substrate 101 is connected to heat sink 113 by n lateral electrode 112.
Each reflector 102 and 106 forms the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors, and it is reflected in the oscillation lights of vibration in the active layer 104 by Bragg reflection repeatedly, thereby oscillation light is limited in the active layer 104.
The refractive index of oxide regions 107b is lower than not oxide regions 107a.Oxide regions 107b forms the electric current restrictions, and the path that will flow to active layer 104 from the electric current that p lateral electrode 111 is injected is limited in this not oxide regions 107a, and the oscillation light that will vibrate in active layer 104 is limited in this not in the oxide regions 107a.Thus, this surface emitting laser device 100 can the vibration of low threshold current ground.
Fig. 2 is two reflector 102 shown in Figure 1 and barrier layer, 106, two chambeies 103 and 105 and the cross section view of the part of active layer 104.With reference to figure 2, active layer 104 comprises builds layer 104A, 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F.It is by Ga that each layer built layer 104A, 104C, 104E and 104G 0.5In 0.5P forms, and each layer trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F are formed by GaInPAs.Therefore, active layer 104 is to be formed by three layers of trap layer and four layers of base layer.Build layer 104A contact barrier layer, chamber 103, build layer 104G contact barrier layer, chamber 105.
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional view in reflector 102 shown in Figure 1.With reference to figure 3, reflector 102 comprises low-index layer 1021 and the high refractive index layer 1022 that alternately piles up.Low-index layer 1021 is by n-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As forms.High refractive index layer 1022 is by n-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As forms.Content gradually variational layer 1023 is located between each high refractive index layer 1022 and each its adjacent low-index layer 1021.Content gradually variational layer 1023 is to be formed by AlGaAs, another the change of component of the component of this AlGaAs from the component of one of this low-index layer 1021 and high refractive index layer 1022 towards this low-index layer 1021 and high refractive index layer 1022.
Content gradually variational layer 1023 is provided to reduce the resistance between low-index layer 1021 and the high refractive index layer 1022.
Each low-index layer 1021 thickness are d1.Each high refractive index layer 1022 thickness are d2.Each content gradually variational layer 1023 thickness are d3.
For not comprising the situation of content gradually variational layer 1023 with reflector with abrupt interface, the thickness that forms the low-index layer in this reflector and high refractive index layer (is confirmed as λ/4n (wherein n is the refractive index of each semiconductor layer) for the λ=780nm), thereby satisfies the repeatedly phase condition of Bragg reflection with respect to laser oscillation wavelength.
It is pi/2 that this λ/4n thickness causes the phase deviation of the oscillation light in each semiconductor layer.For the situation that as surface emitting laser device 100, comprises content gradually variational layer 1023, comprise that the thickness of each semiconductor layer of respective components graded bedding 1023 is determined to satisfy the repeatedly condition of Bragg reflection.
Thickness d3 for example is 20nm.Thickness d1 and d2 are defined as making d1+d3 and d2+d3 to satisfy the repeatedly condition of Bragg reflection.That is to say that d1+d3 and d2+d3 are defined as making that the phase deviation of the oscillation light in the reflector 102 is pi/2.
In Fig. 3, lowermost low-index layer 1021 contact substrates 101, low-index layer topmost 1021 contact barrier layers, chamber 103.
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-sectional view in reflector 106 shown in Figure 1.With reference to figure 4, reflector 106 comprises low-index layer 1061, high refractive index layer 1062 and content gradually variational layer 1063.Low-index layer 1061 is by p-Al 0.9Ga 0.1As forms.High refractive index layer 1062 is by p-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As forms.Content gradually variational layer 1063 is to be formed by AlGaAs, another the change of component of the component of this AlGaAs from the component of one of this low-index layer 1061 and high refractive index layer 1062 towards this low-index layer 1061 and high refractive index layer 1062.
Content gradually variational layer 1063 is provided to reduce the resistance between low-index layer 1061 and the high refractive index layer 1062.
Each low-index layer 1061 thickness are d4.Each high refractive index layer 1062 thickness are d5.Each content gradually variational layer 1063 thickness are d6.
For not comprising the situation of content gradually variational layer 1063 with reflector with abrupt interface, the thickness that forms the low-index layer in this reflector and high refractive index layer (is confirmed as λ/4n (wherein n is the refractive index of each semiconductor layer) for the λ=780nm), thereby satisfies the repeatedly phase condition of Bragg reflection with respect to laser oscillation wavelength.
It is pi/2 that this λ/4n thickness causes the phase deviation of the oscillation light in each semiconductor layer.For the situation that as surface emitting laser device 100, comprises content gradually variational layer 1063, comprise that the thickness of each semiconductor layer of respective components graded bedding 1063 is determined to satisfy the repeatedly condition of Bragg reflection.
Thickness d6 for example is 20nm.Thickness d4 and d5 are defined as making d4+d6 and d5+d6 to satisfy the repeatedly condition of Bragg reflection.That is to say that d4+d6 and d5+d6 are defined as making that the phase deviation of the oscillation light in the reflector 106 is pi/2.
In Fig. 4, lowermost low-index layer 1061 contact barrier layers, chamber 105, high refractive index layer topmost 1062 contact contact layers 108.
Fig. 5 A to 5H is the diagram that the manufacture method of surface emitting laser device 100 shown in Figure 1 is shown.With reference to figure 5A, when sequence of operations began, reflector 102, barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104, barrier layer, chamber 105, reflector 106, the p-AlAs layer that will be used as selective oxide layer 107 and contact layer 108 used MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition equipment) to be stacked on continuously on the substrate 101.
In this case, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), arsine (AsH 3) and hydrogen selenide (H 2Se) form the n-Al in reflector 102 for material 0.9Ga 0.1As and n-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As, and with trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI) and phosphine (PH 3) form the Ga on barrier layer, chamber 103 for material 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI), phosphine (PH 3) and arsine (AsH 3) for material forms the GaInPAs of active layer 104, and with trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI) and phosphine (PH 3) form the Ga of active layer 104 for material 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI) and phosphine (PH 3) form (Al on barrier layer, chamber 105 for material 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) form the p-Al in reflector 106 for material 0.9Ga 0.1As/p-Al 0.3Ga 0.7As.Can use zinc methide (DMZn) to substitute carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4).
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) for material forms the p-AlAs of selective oxide layer 107, and use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) form the p-GaAs of contact layer 108 for material.In this case, also can use zinc methide (DMZn) to substitute carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4).
Subsequently, resist is applied on the contact layer 108, and uses optical-mechanical technology to form resist pattern 120 on contact layer 108, shown in Fig. 5 B.
In case form resist pattern 120, use formed resist pattern 120 to be mask, remove barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104, barrier layer, chamber 105, reflector 106, will be used as the p-AlAs layer of selective oxide layer 107 and the periphery of contact layer 108 by dry etching, and remove resist pattern 120 subsequently, shown in Fig. 5 C.
According to RIBE (etching of reactive ion light beam), ICP (inductively coupled plasma) etching or RIE (reactive ion etching), by introducing based on the gas of halogen Cl for example 2, BCl 3Or SiCl 4And the use plasma, carry out this dry etching thus.
After the technology shown in Fig. 5 C, using nitrogen the water that is heated to 85 ℃ to be carried out in the atmosphere of bubbling this sample (structure) is heated to 350 ℃, then this p-AlAs layer 107 is oxidized to the center from its periphery, in p-AlAs layer 107 (selective oxide layer 107), form not oxide regions 107a and oxide regions 107b thus, shown in Fig. 5 D.In this case, oxide regions 107a is not 4 square microns.
Then, on the whole surface of sample, form SiO by CVD (chemical vapour deposition (CVD)) 2 Layer 109, and remove this SiO from the zone and the peripheral region thereof that will be used as light out part by optical-mechanical technology 2Layer 109 is shown in Fig. 5 E.
Next, insulating resin 110 is applied on the whole sample, and removes this insulating resin 110, shown in Fig. 5 F from the zone that will be used as light out part by spin coated.
After forming insulating resin 110, the resist pattern with preliminary dimension is formed at and will be used as on the zone of light out part, and p lateral electrode material is formed on the whole surface of sample by vapour deposition.Subsequently, the p lateral electrode material on this resist pattern is removed by peeling off, and makes p lateral electrode 111 form, shown in Fig. 5 G.Subsequently, shown in Fig. 5 H, the bottom side of substrate 101 is ground, and n lateral electrode 112 is formed on the bottom side of substrate 101.In addition, the ohm that forms between p lateral electrode 111 and the n lateral electrode 112 by annealing conducts electricity.Make surface emitting laser device 100 thus.
In surface emitting laser device 100, trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F of active layer 104 are formed by GaInPAs, and the barrier layer, chamber 105 of contact active layer 104 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Should (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The band gap of P is greater than the band gap of the GaInPAs that forms trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F.
Therefore, in surface emitting laser device 100, trap layer 104B, the 104D of active layer 104 and the band gap difference between 104F and the barrier layer, chamber 105 are greater than the situation that is formed barrier layer, chamber 105 by AlGaAs based semiconductor material.As a result, the carrier confinement rate among trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F improves, and makes the output of surface emitting laser device 100 improve.
Table 1 show use respectively AlGaAs and AlGaAs form barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and the situation of trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F under, and use respectively AlGaInP and GaInPAs form barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and the situation of trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F under, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F between band gap (Eg) difference (Δ Eg), and build band gap (Eg) difference (Δ Eg) between layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F.
Table 1
Use the situation of AlGaAs/AlGaAs for trap layer 104B, the 104D of barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105/ active layer 104 and 104F, at oscillation wavelength is in the surface emitting laser device of 780nm, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F between the band gap difference be 465.9meV, the band gap difference of building between layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F is 228.8meV.
Use the situation of AlGaAs/GaAs for trap layer 104B, the 104D of barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105/ active layer 104 and 104F, at oscillation wavelength is in the surface emitting laser device of 850nm, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F between the band gap difference be 602.6meV, the band gap difference of building between layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F is 365.5meV.
On the other hand, use the situation of AlGaInP/GaInPAs for trap layer 104B, the 104D of barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105/ active layer 104 and 104F, at oscillation wavelength is in the surface emitting laser device 100 of 780nm, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F between the band gap difference be 767.3meV, the band gap difference of building between layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F is 313.3meV.
Therefore, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F between the band gap difference and build band gap difference between layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F significantly greater than conventionally using AlGaInP and GaInPAs formation barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and trap layer 104B, the 104D of active layer 104 and the situation of 104F respectively.As a result, the effect of carrier confinement in trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F is obviously stronger, makes surface emitting laser device 100 to hang down the oscillation light of threshold value vibration and the higher output of emission.Use has the 780nm or the 850nm surface emitting laser device that form with the AlGaAs based material of the substantially the same lattice constant of GaAs substrate can't produce this effect.
In addition, in surface emitting laser device 100, placing the barrier layer, chamber 103 on substrate 101 sides of active layer 104 is by Ga 0.5In 0.5P forms, and to place the barrier layer, chamber 105 with on substrate 101 opposite sides of active layer 104 be by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.
Fig. 6 is for illustrating thermal conductivity and each Al xGa 1-xAs and (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5The curve chart of the relation among the P between the molal quantity x of Al.In Fig. 6, vertical axis is represented thermal conductivity, and trunnion axis is represented Al xGa 1-xAs (0≤x≤1) or (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5The molal quantity x of Al among the P (0≤x≤1).Camber line k1 shows Al xGa 1-xThe molal quantity x of Al and the relation between the thermal conductivity among the As, camber line k2 shows the (Al with the GaAs lattice match xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5The molal quantity x of Al and the relation between the thermal conductivity among the P.
Ga 0.5In 0.5The thermal conductivity of P (x=0 among Fig. 6) is greater than (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The thermal conductivity of P (x=0.7 among Fig. 6).More specifically, Ga 0.5In 0.5The thermal conductivity of P (x=0 among Fig. 6) is 0.157W/Kcm, (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The thermal conductivity of P (x=0.7 among Fig. 6) is 0.056W/Kcm.Therefore, Ga 0.5In 0.5The thermal conductivity of P (x=0 among Fig. 6) is about (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5Three times of the thermal conductivity of P (x=0.7 among Fig. 6).(seeing camber line k2).
Therefore, in surface emitting laser device 100, the semi-conducting material with high heat conductance places on substrate 101 sides of active layer 104.
The result, even make in active layer 104 the generation heat in the active layer 104 of surface emitting laser device 100 when laser vibrate, the heat that is produced propagates into substrate 101 with the barrier layer, chamber 103 with high heat conductance as the heat dissipation route, thereby is emitted to heat sink 113 from substrate 101.
As a result, can suppress the rising of temperature in the active layer 104, make to obtain high output and high performance characteristic.
Therefore, because the improvement of the dissipation characteristic of the heat that produces in above-mentioned effect of carrier confinement and the active layer 104, surface emitting laser device 100 can be launched the oscillation light of higher output.
In addition, surface emitting laser device 100 has no Al active layer 104.Therefore, be hunted down, can prevent from active layer 104, to form non-radiative recombination center, make the useful life that can prolong surface emitting laser device 100 by anti-block.
In addition, because barrier layer, chamber 103 is by Ga 0.5In 0.5P forms and barrier layer, chamber 105 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and this surface emitting laser device 100 has been arranged semi-conducting material with respect to active layer 104 asymmetricly.
In addition, in surface emitting laser device 100, barrier layer, chamber 103 is by Ga 0.5In 0.5P forms and barrier layer, chamber 105 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, wherein Ga 0.5In 0.5The P thermal conductivity is greater than (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P is shown in Fig. 6 mean camber line k2.Therefore, in surface emitting laser device 100, this barrier layer, chamber 105 of part is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and, comprise (Al on this barrier layer, chamber 105 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The position of P is with respect to the position of these active layer 104 symmetries, and barrier layer, chamber 103 comprises thermal conductivity greater than (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5Semi-conducting material (the Ga of P 0.5In 0.5P).
Trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F of active layer 104 are formed by GaInPAs.Yet in the present invention, trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F are not limited thereto, and generally speaking, trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F can be by Ga aIn 1-aP bAs 1-b(0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms.
In addition, base layer 104A, 104C, 104E and the 104G of active layer 104 are by Ga as mentioned above 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, build layer 104A, 104C, 104E and 104G and be not limited thereto, and generally speaking, building layer 104A, 104C, 104E and 104G can be by Ga cIn 1-cP (0＜c＜1) forms.
In addition, base layer 104A, 104C, 104E and the 104G of active layer 104 can also be formed by the semi-conducting material with tensile strain.In this case, generally speaking, building layer 104A, 104C, 104E and 104G is by the Ga of band gap greater than trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F cIn 1-cP eAs 1-e(0≤c≤1,0≤e≤1) forms.In addition, have the situation of compressive strain, produce the strain compensation effect, improve reliability thus by the tensile strain of building layer for mqw active layer.In addition, owing to can adopt mqw active layer, therefore can produce bigger strain effect with bigger strain.
If the base layer is the Ga by no Al cIn 1-cP dAs 1-dForm, if lattice constant is identical, then GaInP has maximum band gap.In addition, the semi-conducting material with littler lattice constant has bigger band gap.Therefore, by by Ga cIn 1-cP dAs 1-dForm to build layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G, can improve to build and to be with discontinuously between layer 104A, a 104C, 104E and 104G and trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F, obtain bigger gain thus.This can realize low threshold value work and high output services.For example, by Ga 0.6In 0.4The band gap of the tensile strained layer that P forms is 2.02eV, and by Ga 0.5In 0.5The band gap of the lattice matching layers that P forms is 1.87eV.Therefore, the band gap of tensile strained layer is wanted big 150meV.
In addition, barrier layer, chamber 105 is by (Al as mentioned above 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, barrier layer, chamber 105 is not limited thereto, and generally speaking, barrier layer, chamber 105 can be by (Al dGa 1-d) fIn 1-fP (0＜d≤1,0≤f≤1) forms.In addition, form (the Al on barrier layer, chamber 105 dGa 1-d) fIn 1-fP can be formed or can be comprised a small amount of other elements by a plurality of semiconductor layers.
In addition, barrier layer, chamber 103 is by Ga as mentioned above 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, barrier layer, chamber 103 is not limited thereto, and generally speaking, barrier layer, chamber 103 can be by (Al gGa 1-g) hIn 1-hP (0≤g≤1,0≤h≤1) forms, and can be by thermal conductivity greater than the (Al that forms barrier layer, chamber 105 dGa 1-d) fIn 1-fThe semi-conducting material of P (0＜d≤1,0≤f≤1) forms.In addition, barrier layer, chamber 103 also can be by the Al of thermal conductivity greater than barrier layer, chamber 105 zGa 1-zAs (0≤z≤1) forms.
In addition, as mentioned above, adopt the method for MOCVD as each semiconductor layer that forms surface emitting laser device 100.Yet in the present invention, this method is not limited thereto, and can also adopt other growing methods such as MBE (molecular beam extension).
In addition, barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 is by forming about active layer 104 asymmetric semi-conducting materials as mentioned above.In the present invention, place on substrate 101 sides on barrier layer, chamber 103 respectively and the reflector 102 and 106 on contact layer 108 sides on barrier layer, chamber 105 also can be by forming about active layer 104 asymmetric semi-conducting materials.
In addition, in first embodiment, the AlGaInP material is adopted on barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105, and base layer 104A, 104C, 104E and the 104G of active layer 104 and trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F adopt GaInPAs.Because these layers are formed on (100) GaAs substrate 101, the surface orientation of this substrate 101 towards (111) A face tilt the inclinations angle of 15 degree, therefore can reduce since form the band gap that natural superlattice causes reduce, owing to produce the deterioration and the non-radiative recombination center of the surface characteristic that hillock (hill-like defective) causes.
In addition, because active layer 104 has compressive strain, having obtained bigger gain because heavy hole-light hole can be with separation increases.Therefore, surface emitting laser device 100 has high-gain, makes surface emitting laser device 100 have high output at low oscillation threshold.It is that 780nm or 850nm surface emitting laser device can't produce this effect that use has with the AlGaAs of the substantially the same lattice constant of GaAs substrate.
In addition, in first embodiment, (Al is adopted on barrier layer, chamber 105 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P, and Ga is adopted on barrier layer, chamber 103 0.5In 0.5P.Electronics is lighter than the hole.Therefore, the p side plays a major role in carrier confinement.On the other hand, the Ga on the n side 0.5In 0.5The band gap of P is about 1.91eV, and with regard to the 780nm band gap of active layer 104, hole confinement is sufficient.
In addition, for using by Ga cIn 1-cP dAs 1-dThe situation of the mqw active layer (=active layer 104) that (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms can Production Example such as short wavelength's red surface emitting laser of 650nm wave band by changing component.In this case, require to build layer and comprise Al.Therefore, can't obtain not have the effect of Al configuration, but can produce above-mentioned heat dissipation effect.In addition, can also make wavelength greater than 780nm, for example wavelength is at the surface emitting laser of 850nm, 980nm or 1.2 mu m wavebands.In this case, can obtain to comprise the above-mentioned effect of carrier confinement.In addition, use the quantum dot of (Ga) InAs etc. can substitute the trap layer as active layer.
Normal conditions are as first embodiment, and substrate 101 sides are installed in CAN and the encapsulation, and light is from the side outgoing relative with substrate 101.In this case, substrate 101 sides are as main heat dissipation route.In addition, make light situation from substrate-side outgoing for installing by knot down, last reflector 106 is as main heat dissipation route.Here, heat sink contact with installation side heat sink that be meant, and can use electroconductive resin to be directly installed on that encapsulation is gone up or be installed in by AuSn on the high-conductivity metal of CuW for example.
Reflector 102 can form first reflector, and reflector 106 can form second reflector.
In addition, barrier layer, chamber 103 can form barrier layer, first chamber, and barrier layer, chamber 105 can form barrier layer, second chamber.
[second embodiment]
Fig. 7 is the surface emitting laser device 100A schematic cross-sectional view according to second embodiment of the invention.With reference to figure 7, surface emitting laser device 100A and surface emitting laser device 100 differences shown in Figure 1 only are, use the barrier layer, chamber 103 of barrier layer, chamber 103A substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 100.
Barrier layer, chamber 103A is by Al 0.4Ga 0.6As forms.In surface emitting laser device 100A, because barrier layer, chamber 105 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and the thermal conductivity of barrier layer, chamber 103A is higher than barrier layer, chamber 105.(seeing camber line k1 and the k2 of Fig. 6).Therefore, surface emitting laser device 100A has two chambeies barrier layer 103A and 105 that forms by about active layer 104 asymmetric semi-conducting materials, and places barrier layer, the chamber 103A on substrate 101 sides of active layer 104 to be formed greater than the semi-conducting material that places the barrier layer, chamber 105 on active layer 104 opposite sides by thermal conductivity.As a result, the heat that produces can be emitted to substrate 101 sides in active layer 104, make surface emitting laser device 100A have the output characteristic of improvement.
According to the technology shown in Fig. 5 A to 5H, make this surface emitting laser device 100A.In this case, barrier layer, chamber 103 can be considered as barrier layer, chamber 103A.
In other respects, second embodiment is identical with first embodiment.
[the 3rd embodiment]
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 100B of third embodiment of the invention.With reference to figure 8, surface emitting laser device 100B and surface emitting laser device 100 differences shown in Figure 1 only are, use the barrier layer, chamber 103 of barrier layer, chamber 103B substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 100.
Fig. 9 is two reflector 102 shown in Figure 8 and 106, two chambeies barrier layer 103B and 105 and the cross section view of the part of active layer 104.With reference to figure 9, barrier layer, chamber 103B comprises barrier layer 1031 and 1032.Barrier layer 1031 forms contact reflex layer 102, and barrier layer 1032 forms contact barrier layer 1031 and active layer 104.
Barrier layer 1031 is the Ga by lattice match 0.5In 0.5P forms, and barrier layer 1032 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.
According to surface emitting laser device 100B, the barrier layer 1032 that contacts with active layer 104 is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P is formed among the 103B of barrier layer, chamber.Therefore, compare with surface emitting laser device 100, the carrier confinement degree of surface emitting laser device 100B is higher, makes surface emitting laser device 100B have higher output.
According to the technology shown in Fig. 5 A to 5H, make this surface emitting laser device 100B.In this case, barrier layer, chamber 103 can be considered as barrier layer, chamber 103B.
In addition, in the 3rd embodiment, can use as the described other materials of first embodiment and substitute Ga 0.5In 0.5P and (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P.In addition, barrier layer, chamber 103B can have the layer more than three.
In other respects, the 3rd embodiment is identical with first embodiment.
[the 4th embodiment]
Figure 10 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 100C of fourth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 10, surface emitting laser device 100C and surface emitting laser device 100 differences shown in Figure 1 only are, use barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104, barrier layer, chamber 105 and the reflector 106 of barrier layer, chamber 103C, active layer 104a, barrier layer, chamber 105A and reflector 106A substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 100 respectively.
Figure 11 is the cross section view of reflector 106A shown in Figure 10.With reference to Figure 11, the difference in reflector 106A and reflector shown in Figure 4 106 only is, uses low-index layer 1061A to substitute the lowermost low-index layer 1061 in reflector 106.
Low-index layer 1061A is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and contact barrier layer, chamber 105A.In addition, low-index layer 1061A thickness is d4, and d4+d6 and d5+d6 are defined as making that the phase deviation of oscillation light is pi/2 among the 106A of reflector.
Figure 12 is the cross section view of the part of two reflector 102 shown in Figure 10 and 106A, two chambeies barrier layer 103C and 105A and active layer 104a.With reference to Figure 12, barrier layer, chamber 103C is by lattice match (A1 0.2Ga 0.8) 0.5In 0.5P forms.In addition, active layer 104a comprise build layer 104A ', a 104C ', 104E ' and 104G ' and as the described trap layer of first embodiment 104B, 104D and 104F, wherein should base layer 104A ', 104C ', 104E ' and 104G ' be by the Ga with tensile strain 0.6In 0.4P forms.In addition, barrier layer, chamber 105A is by (Al 0.2Ga 0.8) 0.5In 0.5P forms.
As mentioned above, trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F of active layer 104a are formed by GaInPAs, and barrier layer, chamber 105A is by (Al 0.2Ga 0.8) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and the low-index layer 1061A of the reflector 106A of contact barrier layer, chamber 105A is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Therefore, low-index layer 1061A with carrier confinement in active layer 104a.As a result, surface emitting laser device 100C can have high output.
In addition, the low-index layer 1021 in the reflector 102 of contact barrier layer, chamber 103B is by Al 0.9Ga 0.1As forms.In addition, Al 0.9Ga 0.1The thermal conductivity of As is greater than (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P is shown in Fig. 6 mean camber line k1 and k2.More specifically, Al 0.9Ga 0.1The thermal conductivity of As (x=0.9 among Fig. 6) is 0.255W/Kcm (shown in Fig. 6 mean camber line k1), (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The thermal conductivity of P (x=0.7 among Fig. 6) is 0.056W/Kcm.As a result, Al 0.9Ga 0.1The thermal conductivity of As is about (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5Five times of the thermal conductivity of P.
As a result, the heat that produces in surface emitting laser device 100C is that the heat dissipation route is transferred to substrate 101 to place the reflector 102 on substrate 101 sides, thereby the temperature that suppresses active layer 104a rises.
Therefore, combine with above-mentioned effect of carrier confinement, surface emitting laser device 100C can have high output.
Therefore, according to surface emitting laser device 100C, the low-index layer 1061A that is changed to the most close active layer 104a among the low-index layer 1061 of formation reflector 106A and the 1061A is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and to form the low-index layer 1021 that is changed to the most close active layer 104a in the low-index layer 1021 in reflector 102 be greater than (Al by thermal conductivity 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The Al of P 0.9Ga 0.1As forms.
Generally speaking, (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P can be (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1), and Al 0.9Ga 0.1As can be Al xGa 1-xAs (0＜x≤1).
Therefore, in surface emitting laser device 100C, the low-index layer 1021 that is changed to the most close active layer 104a in the low-index layer 1021 in formation reflector 102 is by Al 0.9Ga 0.1As forms, and to form the low-index layer 1061A that is changed to the most close active layer 104a among the low-index layer 1061 of reflector 106A and the 1061A be by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Therefore, surface emitting laser device 100C has the semi-conducting material about the asymmetric layout of active layer 104a.
Trap layer 104B, 104D and the 104F of active layer 104a are formed by GaInPAs.Yet in the present invention, trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F are not limited thereto, and generally speaking, trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F can be by (the Ga except GaP aIn 1-a) bP 1-bAs (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms.
In addition, base layer 104A ', 104C ', 104E ' and the 104G ' of active layer 104a are by Ga as mentioned above 0.6In 0.4P forms.Yet in the present invention, build layer 104A ', 104C ', 104E ' and 104G ' and be not limited thereto, and generally speaking, building layer 104A ', 104C ', 104E ' and 104G ' can be by (the Ga of band gap greater than trap layer 104B, 104D and 104F cIn 1-c) dP 1-dAs (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms.
In addition, in surface emitting laser device 100C, preferably provide by (Al between low-index layer 1061A in the 106A of reflector and the adjacent high refractive index layer 1062 thereof 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5The intermediate layer that P forms.
In the heterojunction of AlGaAs based material and AlGaInP based material, the high Al component of AlGaInP based material has enlarged the discontinuous of valence band.Yet by the intermediate layer that insertion has low Al component, it is discontinuous to reduce valence band, the feasible resistance that can reduce reflector 106A.This intermediate layer can comprise As.
Barrier layer, chamber 103C can form barrier layer, first chamber, and barrier layer, chamber 105A can form barrier layer, second chamber.
In addition, reflector 106A can form second reflector.
According to the technology shown in Fig. 5 A to 5H, make this surface emitting laser device 100C.In this case, barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104, barrier layer, chamber 105 and reflector 106 can be considered as barrier layer, chamber 103C, active layer 104a, barrier layer, chamber 105A and reflector 106A respectively.
In addition, according to the 4th embodiment, the low-index layer 1061A of the p lateral reflection layer 106A of close cavity region adopts (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P, and the low-index layer 1021 of n lateral reflection layer 102 adopts Al 0.9Ga 0.1As.Restriction for electronics is effective broad-band gap (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P can be doped.In this case, can use Zn or Mg as dopant.Yet the diffusion rate of Zn and Mg is higher than the C as the dopant of AlGaAs.If (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The P layer is located in the cavity region as first embodiment and is somebody's turn to do (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The P layer mixes, and then dopant can diffuse to active layer 104 and active layer 104 is had a negative impact.Yet, according to the 4th embodiment, because (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P is located in the 106A of reflector, and it is further from cavity region, so the negative effect of diffuse dopants reduces.
Traditionally, the interface of cavity region and speculum places the antinode (antinode) that the field intensity at the interface of AlGaInP based material and AlGaAs based material distributes in the top of cavity region to locate, and to comprise Al, In and P be the top that the semiconductor layer of main component is located at this cavity region.Therefore, with comprise that comprising Al, Ga and As is the antinode place that the interface of upper reflector of the semiconductor layer of main component places field intensity to distribute, and has strong optical absorption effect at this.Yet, for crystal growth comprises Al, Ga and As is the situation of the semiconductor layer of main component comprising on the semiconductor layer that Al, In and P are main component, the separation that In for example takes the In of (carry-over) out of may take place, this situation should be suppressed.Comprise under the situation of semiconductor layer that Al, Ga and As are main component comprising crystal growth on the semiconductor layer that Al, In and P are main component, this problem is remarkable.
On the other hand, the surface emitting laser device 100C according to the 4th embodiment is designed so that the low-index layer 1061A of the reflector 106A of close cavity region is (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P, thereby will comprise Al, In and P is the semiconductor layer and the node that the interface that comprises the semiconductor layer that Al, Ga and As are main component (going up the part of reflector 106A) places field intensity to distribute of main component, significantly reduces the effect in the optical absorption at this interface thus.Therefore, even exist In to a certain degree to separate, still can significantly suppress the negative effect that threshold value increases.
In addition, preferably by comprise Al, In and P be main component semiconductor layer with comprise the In that provides thin between the semiconductor layer that Al, Ga and As are main component (go up reflector 106A a part) and separate and prevent layer, to reduce the In separation.For piling up Al yGa 1-yAs (0≤y＜x≤1) high refractive index layer and (Al aGa 1-a) bIn 1-bThe situation of P (0＜a≤1,0≤b≤1) low-index layer, the Al component is less than (Al aGa 1-a) bIn 1-b(the Al of P (0＜a≤1,0≤b≤1) A1Ga 1-a1) B1In 1-b1Its interface can be located in P (0≤a1≤1,0≤b1≤1) intermediate layer (the In separation prevents layer).
For at (Al aGa 1-a) bIn 1-bPile up Al on P (0＜a≤1, the 0≤b≤1) low-index layer yGa 1-yThe situation of As (0≤y＜x≤1) high refractive index layer, the Al component that the intermediate layer of the low Al component of planting has betwixt reduced at its interface.Therefore, can be easily at (Al under wideer condition and range aGa 1-a) bIn 1-bForm Al on P (0＜a≤1, the 0≤b≤1) low-index layer yGa 1-yAs (0≤y＜x≤1) high refractive index layer.
In addition, in the heterojunction of AlGaAs based material and AlGaInP based material, the high Al component of AlGaInP based material has enlarged the discontinuous of valence band.Yet by the intermediate layer that insertion has low Al component, it is discontinuous to reduce valence band, makes resistance when can reduce to apply electric current along layer stacking direction.
In other respects, the 4th embodiment is identical with first embodiment.
[the 5th embodiment]
Figure 13 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 100D of fifth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 13, surface emitting laser device 100D and surface emitting laser device 100 differences shown in Figure 1 only are, use the reflector 102 of reflector 102A substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 100.Reflector 102A forms contact substrate 101 and barrier layer, chamber 103.According to the 5th embodiment, the etching of platform bottom forms darker than selective oxide layer 107, but does not reach reflector 102A.
Figure 14 is the cross section view of reflector 102A shown in Figure 13.With reference to Figure 14, the difference in reflector 102A and reflector shown in Figure 3 102 only is, uses low-index layer 1021A to substitute the low-index layer 1021 in reflector 102.Low-index layer 1021A is formed by AlAs.
In the AlGaAs system, AlAs have the highest thermal conductivity (=0.91W/Kcm).(seeing the camber line k1 of Fig. 6).The thermal conductivity of AlAs is Al 0.9Ga 0.1More than 3.5 times of As.
Therefore, by form the low-index layer 1021A of the reflector 102A on substrate 101 sides that place active layer 104 by AlAs, can the heat delivered that produce in the active layer 104 be arrived substrate 101 by reflector 102A, the temperature that suppress thus in the active layer 104 rise.As a result, surface emitting laser device 100D has good temperature characteristics and high output.
According to the technology shown in Fig. 5 A to 5H, make this surface emitting laser device 100D.In this case, reflector 102 can be considered as reflector 102A.
Yet, because the low-index layer 1021A of surface emitting laser device 100D is formed by AlAs, there are such misgivings, promptly, the etching meeting reaches (=AlAs) the same degree of depth, thereby the marginal portion of exposing low-index layer 1021A when forming the platform shape by dry etching with one or more low-index layer 1021A of reflector 102A.
Yet, the barrier layer, chamber 103 of surface emitting laser device 100D and 105 and the zone of active layer 104 in use the AlGaInP based material, and because the muriatic steam of In forces down, the dry etching speed that comprises the material of In is lower than the dry etching speed of the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (reflector 102A and 106) that is formed by the AlGaAs based material.That is to say, decide on etching condition, by barrier layer, chamber 103 and 105 and the cavity region that forms of active layer 104 can be used as etching stopping layer.Therefore, can absorb in the face of the variation of etch-rate of different batches and etch-rate and distribute, making can this selective oxide layer 107 of etching and can prevent that also etch depth from reaching reflector 102A.Thus, use halogen gas to come the periphery of etching active layer 104, barrier layer, chamber 105, reflector 106, selective oxide layer 107 and contact layer 108 by dry etching.
Therefore, by using halogen gas to carry out dry etching, can reduce the interior etch-rate in zone on barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104 and barrier layer, chamber 105, make and in the zone on the barrier layer, chamber 103 on being formed at reflector 102A upside, active layer 104 and barrier layer, chamber 105, to stop etching.
In addition, when etching, can also be by using plasma emission spectrometer to obtain the light emission (451nm) of In and the light of Al is launched the ratio of (396nm) and monitored this ratio over time, thus the barrier layer, chamber 103 on being formed at reflector 102A upside and 105 and the zone of active layer 104 in stop etching.
Surface emitting laser device 100D according to the 5th embodiment is applied to surface emitting laser device 100A, 100B or 100C with reflector 102A.Reflector 102A can form first reflector.
In other respects, the 5th embodiment is identical with first to fourth embodiment.
[the 6th embodiment]
Figure 15 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 100E of sixth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 15, surface emitting laser device 100E and surface emitting laser device 100C difference shown in Figure 10 only are, use the reflector 102 of reflector 102A substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 100C.Reflector 102A as shown in figure 14.
According to surface emitting laser device 100E, the low-index layer 1061A of the p lateral reflection layer 106A of the most close cavity region (zone that is formed by barrier layer, chamber 103C, active layer 104a and barrier layer, chamber 105A) is by p-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and the low-index layer 1021A of n lateral reflection layer 102A is formed by AlAs.Restriction for electronics is effective wide bandgap semiconductor materials (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P can be doped.In this case, can use Zn or Mg as dopant.Yet the diffusion rate of Zn and Mg is higher than the C as the dopant of AlGaAs.If (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The P layer is located at as the surface emitting laser device 100 of first embodiment in the cavity region (zone that barrier layer, chamber 103, active layer 104 and barrier layer, chamber 105 form), and should (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The P layer mixes Zn or Mg, and then Zn or Mg can diffuse to active layer 104 and active layer 104 is had a negative impact.Yet, according to the 6th embodiment, because by Zn or Mg doped p-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5The low-index layer 1061A (Figure 11) that P forms is located in the 106A of reflector, and it is further from cavity region (zone that barrier layer, chamber 103C, active layer 104a and barrier layer, chamber 105A form), so the negative effect that Zn or Mg are diffused in the active layer 104a reduces.
In addition, in the AlGaAs system, AlAs have the highest thermal conductivity (=0.91W/Kcm), and the thermal conductivity of AlAs is Al 0.9Ga 0.1More than 3.5 times of As.Therefore, by form the low-index layer 1021A of the reflector 102A on substrate 101 sides that place active layer 104a by AlAs, can the heat that produce in the active layer 104a be transferred to substrate 101 effectively by reflector 102A, the temperature that suppresses active layer 104a thus rises.As a result, surface emitting laser device 100E has good temperature characteristics and high output.
[the 7th embodiment]
Figure 16 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 100F of seventh embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 16, surface emitting laser device 100F and surface emitting laser device 100 differences shown in Figure 1 only are, use the reflector 102 of reflector 102B substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 100.
Reflector 102B comprises reflecting part 102B1 and 102B2.Reflecting part 102B1 forms contact substrate 101, and reflecting part 102B2 forms 102B1 of contact reflex portion and barrier layer, chamber 103.
Figure 17 is the cross section view of reflector 102B shown in Figure 16.With reference to Figure 17, reflecting part 102B1 is low-index layer 1021A, high refractive index layer 1022 and content gradually variational layer 1023 stacked in 31 cycles.
Low-index layer 1021A, high refractive index layer 1022 and content gradually variational layer 1023 are as mentioned above.That is to say that reflecting part 102B1 has the identical component with the described reflector 102A of the 5th embodiment, only is the number difference of stack layer.
Reflecting part 102B2 is low-index layer 1021, high refractive index layer 1022 and content gradually variational layer 1023 stacked in 9.5 cycles.
Low-index layer 1021, high refractive index layer 1022 and content gradually variational layer 1023 are as mentioned above.That is to say that reflecting part 102B2 has the component identical with the described reflector of first embodiment 102, only is the number difference of stack layer.
In surface emitting laser device 100F, the reflecting part 102B 1 with the low-index layer 1021A that is formed by high heat conductance AlAs forms contact substrate 101, and has the Al that etch-rate is lower than AlAs 0.9Ga 0.1The reflecting part 102B2 of As is located on the upside of reflecting part 102B1.
Therefore, when forming the platform shape in the technology of making surface emitting laser device 100F, can prevent that etch depth from arriving reflecting part 102B1, feasible comparing with surface emitting laser device 100D can more easily be made surface emitting laser device 100F.
In addition, can the heat delivered that produce in the active layer 104 be arrived substrate 101, make the temperature that can prevent active layer 104 rise by reflecting part 102B1.As a result, surface emitting laser device 100F can have high output.
According to the technology shown in Fig. 5 A to 5H, make this surface emitting laser device 100F.In this case, reflector 102 can be considered as reflector 102B.
Surface emitting laser device 100F according to the 7th embodiment is applied to surface emitting laser device 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D or 100E with reflector 102B.Reflector 102B can form first reflector.
In other respects, the 7th embodiment is identical with first to the 6th embodiment.
[the 8th embodiment (application)]
Figure 18 is the plan view according to the surface-emitting laser array 200 of the use of eighth embodiment of the invention surface emitting laser device 100 shown in Figure 1.With reference to Figure 18, surface-emitting laser array 200 comprises surface emitting laser device 201 to 210 and electrode pad 211 to 220.
Each surface emitting laser device 201 to 210 is to be formed by surface emitting laser device 100 shown in Figure 1.Surface emitting laser device 201 to 210 is arranged one-dimensionally.Provide electrode pad 211 to 220 accordingly with surface emitting laser device 201 to 210 respectively.
Because surface emitting laser device 100 is a surface emission-type, surface emitting laser device 100 can easily be arranged to array with high setting position precision.In addition, surface emitting laser device 100 has the heat dissipation characteristic of aforesaid improvement.Therefore, compare with conventional surface-emitting laser array, surface-emitting laser array 200 can reduction means be realized high device density at interval.As a result, can obtain to increase number of dies, make and to reduce cost.
In addition, when being applied to write optical system, a plurality of surface emitting laser devices 100 that can carry out high output services are integrated in when helping using multiple beam on the same substrate and write, thereby significantly improve writing rate, can print thus and do not reduce printing speed, increase even write dot density.Keep identical if write dot density, then can improve printing speed.In addition, in communications applications, can use multiple beam to carry out transfer of data simultaneously, make and to communicate by letter at a high speed.In addition, surface emitting laser device 100 is with low-power consumption work, and particularly, can reduce temperature and rise when being attached to and be used for equipment.
In surface-emitting laser array 200, each surface emitting laser device 201 to 210 can also be by any one forms among surface emitting laser device 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and the 100F.
In addition, surface-emitting laser array 200 can also be arranged a plurality of surface emitting laser devices two-dimensionally.
[the 9th embodiment (application)]
Figure 19 is the indicative icon according to the imaging device 300 of ninth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 19, imaging device 300 comprises surface-emitting laser array 301, lens 302 and 304, polygon mirror 303 and photoreceptor 305.
The a plurality of light beams of surface-emitting laser array 301 emissions.Lens 302 will guide to polygon mirror 303 from surface-emitting laser array 301 emitted light beams.
Polygon mirror 303 turns clockwise by predetermined speed, thereby this a plurality of light beams that receive from lens 302 are scanned along main scanning direction and sub-scanning direction, and light beam is guided to lens 304.Lens 304 will guide to photoreceptor 305 from polygon mirror 303 beam reflected.
Therefore, according to imaging device 300, by making the lighting hours of polygon mirror 303 with high speed rotating and adjustment point position, use will be focused into a plurality of luminous points that separate as sub-scanning direction, photoreceptor 305 upper edges of scanning of a surface from a plurality of light beams of surface-emitting laser array 301 by lens 302 and 304 and the same optical system that forms of polygon mirror 303.
Figure 20 is the plan view of surface-emitting laser array 301 shown in Figure 19.With reference to Figure 20, surface-emitting laser array 301 has m * n the surface emitting laser device 3011 that is arranged to rhombus basically.More specifically, surface-emitting laser array 301 has 40 surface emitting laser devices 3011 that are arranged to four (m=4) row (horizontal array) and ten (n=10) row (orthogonal array).Each surface emitting laser device 3011 is by any one forms among surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and the 100F.
If the interval (distance) between each two vertically adjacent surface emitting laser device 3011 is d, packing density is to be determined by d/n.Therefore, in surface-emitting laser array 301, the consideration packing density is determined interval d and array (line) the number n along main scanning direction.
Situation for Figure 20,40 surface emitting laser devices 3011 are arranged with the interval of 40 μ m with the interval d of 40 μ m and along main scanning direction along sub-scanning direction, make the row (orthogonal array) of surface emitting laser device 3011 be offset 4 μ m respectively continuously along sub-scanning direction.
By controlling the lighting hours of these 40 surface emitting laser devices 3011, can write 40 points at interval with rule in sub-scanning direction, photoreceptor 305 upper edges.
If the power of optical system is constant, then along the interval d of the surface-emitting laser array 301 of sub-scanning direction when narrow more, writing density can be higher.Because surface emitting laser device 3011 is by any one forms among surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and the 100F, surface emitting laser device 3011 can be arranged in the surface-emitting laser array 301 to high-density.As a result, can carry out high density in imaging device 300 writes.
In addition, because 40 points are simultaneously writeable, therefore can carry out flying print.In addition, by improving the number of array, can further improve printing speed.
In addition, because the output of each surface emitting laser device 3011 is higher than conventional surface emitting laser device, therefore print the situation that speed can be higher than the array that forms many conventional surface emitting laser devices.
Each surface-emitting laser array 200 and 301 and surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and 100F can also be installed on the optical pick-up unit.As a result, can use surface-emitting laser array 200 and 301 and surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and 100F as light source, be used for being recorded in data on the CD and from the optical disc replay data.
[the tenth embodiment (application)]
Figure 21 is the indicative icon according to the optical transmitter module 400 of tenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 21, optical transmitter module 400 comprises surface-emitting laser array 401 and optical fiber 402.Surface-emitting laser array 401 has a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that one dimension is arranged, this surface emitting laser device can be surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F.Optical fiber 402 comprises many plastic fibers (POF).A plurality of surface emitting laser devices 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or the 100F of these many plastic fibers and surface-emitting laser array 401 arrange accordingly.
In optical transmitter module 400, be sent to corresponding plastic fiber from each surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F emitted laser.The bottom of acrylic plastics optical fiber absorption loss is positioned at 650nm, and 650nm surface emitting laser device is studied, and this surface emitting laser device is because bad hot properties and dropped into practical.
Use LED (light-emitting diode) as light source, but be difficult to modulate at high speed LED.Need semiconductor laser to realize the high-speed transfer faster than 1Gbps.
Above-mentioned surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and 100F has the oscillation wavelength of 780nm, but has the heat dissipation characteristic of improvement, high output and outstanding hot properties.Although the absorption loss of optical fiber increases, if distance is short, then transmission is executable.
In the optical communication field, attempted using the parallel transmission of the laser array of integrated a plurality of semiconductor lasers, thereby transmitted more multidata simultaneously.Therefore, can carry out the high-speed parallel transmission, making can the conventional more data of while transfer ratio.
In optical transmitter module 400, surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F and plastic fiber are to be provided with correspondingly.On the other hand, be arranged to one dimension or two-dimensional array by a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that will have different oscillation wavelengths and carry out the wavelength multiplexing transmission, then can further improve transmission rate.
In addition, by surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F are combined with not expensive POF, then can form optical transmitter module 400 at low cost, and, then can realize this optical communication system at low cost by in optical communication system, using optical transmitter module 400 cheaply.Because cost is extremely low, optical transmitter module 400 and the optical communication system that uses it in premises, office and the short-range data communication aspects of device interior be effective.
[the 11 embodiment (application)]
Figure 22 is the indicative icon according to the optical transceiver module 500 of eleventh embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 22, optical transceiver module 500 comprises surface emitting laser device 501, optical fiber 502 and light receiving element 503.
Surface emitting laser device 501 is by any one forms among surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E and the 100F, and the laser LB1 of 780nm is transmitted into optical fiber 502.Optical fiber 502 is to be formed by plastic fiber.Optical fiber 502 receives the laser LB1 from surface emitting laser device 501, and the laser LB1 that receives is sent to receiver module (not shown).In addition, optical fiber 502 sends the laser that receives from another transmitter module (not shown), and laser LB2 is transmitted into light receiving element 503.Light receiving element 503 receives the laser LB2 from optical fiber 502, and converts the laser LB2 that receives to the signal of telecommunication.
Therefore, transceiver module 500 emission laser LB 1 also pass through optical fiber 502 transmission laser LB 1, receive and convert the signal of telecommunication to from the laser LB2 of another transmitter module and with the laser LB2 that receives.
Because transmitter module 500 is to use surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F and not expensive plastic fiber manufacturing, therefore can realize optical communication system at low cost.In addition, because optics 502 has big diameter, surface emitting laser device 501 and optical fiber 502 can easily be coupled, and make and can reduce installation cost.As a result, can realize the optical transceiver module of very low cost.
In addition, surface emitting laser device 501 (=surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F) has the heat dissipation characteristic of improvement, high output and outstanding hot properties, surface emitting laser device 501 can be used high temperature always and need not cooling, and can realize optical transceiver module with lower cost.
It is interconnected to use the optical communication system of above-mentioned surface emitting laser device 100,100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E or 100F to be used as optics, especially for short haul connection as described below, for example use the transmission between the equipment of LAN (local area network (LAN)) computer of optical fiber, and between the LSI between the equipment interior circuit board, on the circuit board and the transfer of data between the device in the LSI.
In recent years, the handling property of LSI improves, and following speed will be by the transmission rate decision of LSI junction.By being connected from the routine electrical connection, intrasystem signal changes into the optics connection, for example, then can realize computer system very at a high speed by using optical transmitter module 400 or optical transceiver module 500 to connect circuit board in the computer system, LSI on the circuit board and the device in the LSI.
In addition, connect a plurality of computer systems, can make up network system very at a high speed by using optical transmitter module 400 or optical transceiver module 500.Particularly and since surface emitting laser compare with edge-emitting laser power consumption obviously lower and obviously more easy arrangement become two-dimensional array, so surface emitting laser is suitable for the parallel transmission optical communication system.
[the 12 embodiment (application)]
Figure 23 is the schematic cross-sectional view according to the surface emitting laser device 2100 of twelveth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 23, surface emitting laser device 2100 comprises substrate 2101, reflector 2102,2103,2107 and 2108, barrier layer, chamber 2104 and 2106, active layer 2105, selective oxide layer 2109, contact layer 2110, SiO 2Layer 2111, insulating resin 2112, p lateral electrode 2113 and n lateral electrode 2114.Surface emitting laser device 2100 is the surface emitting laser device of 780nm wave band.
Substrate 2101 is formed by (100) n p type gallium arensidep (n-GaAs), and its surface orientation is towards the tilted inclinations angle of 15 degree of the direction of (111) A face.Reflector 2102 is by 35.5 cycle [n-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As/n-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As] form, wherein with a pair of n-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As/n-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As is 1 cycle, and is formed on the interarea of substrate 2101.If the oscillation wavelength of surface emitting laser device 2100 is λ, then each n-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As and n-Al 0.35Ga 0.65The thickness of As is λ/4n (wherein n is the refractive index of each semiconductor layer).
Reflector 2103 is to form contact reflex layer 2102 by the AlGaInP based material.Barrier layer, chamber 2104 is by (Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms contact reflex layer 2103.Active layer 2105 is by 3 cycle [Ga 0.6In 0.2P 0.2As 0.6/ (Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P] form, wherein with a pair of Ga 0.6In 0.2P 0.2As 0.6/ (Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P is 1 cycle, and forms contact barrier layer, chamber 2104.
Barrier layer, chamber 2106 is by (Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms, contact active layer 2105.Reflector 2107 is to form contact barrier layer, chamber 2106 by the AlGaInP based material.
Reflector 2108 is by 29.5 cycle [p-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As/p-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As] form, wherein with a pair of p-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As/p-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As is 1 cycle, and is formed on the reflector 2107.Each p-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As and p-Al 0.35Ga 0.65The thickness of As is λ/4n (n is the refractive index of each semiconductor layer).
Selective oxide layer 2109 is to form and be located in the reflector 2108 by p-AlAs.Selective oxide layer 2109 comprises not oxide regions 2109a and oxide regions 2109b, and thickness is 20nm.
Contact layer 2110 is to be formed on the reflector 2108 by p-GaAs.SiO 2Layer 2111 forms the part of the interarea that covers reflector 2103 and the side surface of barrier layer, chamber 2104, active layer 2105, barrier layer, chamber 2106, reflector 2107 and 2108, selective oxide layer 2109 and contact layer 2110.
Insulating resin 2112 forms contact SiO 2Layer 2111.P lateral electrode 2113 is formed on contact layer 2110 parts and the insulating resin 2112.N lateral electrode 2114 is formed on the bottom side of substrate 2101.
Each reflector 2102,2103,2107 and 2108 forms the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors, and it is reflected in the oscillation lights of vibration in the active layer 2105 by Bragg reflection repeatedly, thereby oscillation light is limited in the active layer 2105.
The refractive index of oxide regions 2109b is lower than not oxide regions 2109a.Oxide regions 2109b forms the electric current restrictions, and the path that will flow to active layer 2105 from the electric current that p lateral electrode 2113 is injected is limited in this not oxide regions 2109a, and the oscillation light that will vibrate in active layer 2105 is limited in this not in the oxide regions 2109a.Thus, this surface emitting laser device 2100 can the vibration of low threshold current ground.
Figure 24 is 2102,2103,2107 and 2108, two barrier layers, chamber 2104, four reflector shown in Figure 23 and 2106 and the cross section view of the part of active layer 2105.With reference to Figure 24, active layer 2105 comprises trap layer 2105A, 2105C and 2105E and builds layer 2105B and 2105D.Each layer trap layer 2105A, 2105C and 2105E are by Ga 0.8In 0.2P 0.2As 0.8Form, each layer built layer 2105B and 2105D is by (Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Therefore, active layer 2105 is to be formed by three layers of trap layer and two-layer base layer.Trap layer 2105A contacts barrier layer, chamber 2104, and trap layer 2105E contacts barrier layer, chamber 2106.
Reflector 2102 is to be formed by low-index layer 21021 that alternately piles up and high refractive index layer 21022.Low-index layer 21021 is by n-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As forms, and high refractive index layer 21022 is by n-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As forms.Lowermost one deck low-index layer 21021 contact substrates 2101.
Reflector 2103 is to be formed by low-index layer 21031 and high refractive index layer 21032.Low-index layer 21031 is by n-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and high refractive index layer 21032 is by n-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms.High refractive index layer 21032 (=n-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P) form one deck low-index layer 21021 (=n-Al of the top of contact reflex layer 2102 0.95Ga 0.05As).Low-index layer 21031 (=n-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P) form contact barrier layer, chamber 2104 (=(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P).
Reflector 2107 is to be formed by low-index layer 21071 and high refractive index layer 21072.Low-index layer 21071 is by p-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and high refractive index layer 21072 is by p-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms.
Reflector 2108 is to be formed by low-index layer 21081 that alternately piles up and high refractive index layer 21082.Low-index layer 21081 is by p-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As forms, and high refractive index layer 21082 is by p-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As forms.One deck high refractive index layer topmost 21082 contact contact layers 2110.
High refractive index layer 21072 (=p-(Al in the reflector 2107 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P) form lowermost one deck low-index layer 21081 (=p-Al of contact reflex layer 2108 0.95Ga 0.05As).Low-index layer 21071 (=p-(Al in the reflector 2107 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P) form contact barrier layer, chamber 2106 (=(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P).
In surface emitting laser device 2100, barrier layer, chamber 2104 and 2106 and active layer 2105 form chambeies (resonant cavity), the length in chamber be a wavelength (=λ).
Figure 25 is two reflector 2102 shown in Figure 24 and 2108, two reflector 2103 and 2107 and the energy band diagram of the part on chamber (barrier layer ,= chamber 2104 and 2106 and active layer 2105).
In addition, Figure 26 is for illustrating the curve chart of the relation between aluminium (Al) component ratio x and the potential energy.At Figure 26, vertical axis is represented potential energy, and trunnion axis is represented Al component ratio x.Camber line k11 illustrates potential energy and Al xGa 1-xRelation between the Al component ratio x of As (0≤x≤1), camber line k12 illustrates potential energy and (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5Relation between the P (0≤x≤1).
With reference to Figure 25, the low-index layer 21031 in reflector 2103 is by n-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and the low-index layer 21071 in reflector 2107 is by p-(Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and each layer trap layer 2105A, 2105C and the 2105E of active layer 2105 are by Ga 0.8In 0.2P 0.2As 0.8Form, and each layer of active layer 2105 built layer 2105B and 2105D is by (Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms.As a result, the potential energy of the conduction band in chamber is about 0.22eV, and the potential energy of each low- index layer 21031 and 21071 conduction band is about 0.38eV, makes the difference that has 0.16eV therebetween.
In addition, each is by n-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5The high refractive index layer 21032 that P forms and by p-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5The high refractive index layer 21072 that P forms has the valence band potential energy of pact-1.75eV.(seeing the camber line k12 of Figure 26).In addition, each is by n-Al 0.95Ga 0.05The low-index layer 21021 that As forms and by p-Al 0.95Ga 0.05The low-index layer 21081 that As forms has the valence band potential energy of pact-1.84eV.(seeing the camber line k11 of Figure 26).Therefore, the energy difference of existence-0.09eV therebetween.
Figure 27 A and 27B are respectively the energy band diagram in the chamber and the reflector of conventional surface emitting laser device.With reference to figure 27A, in conventional surface emitting laser device 2200, the chamber is by Ga 0.5In 0.5P (generally speaking, the AlGaInP based material) forms, and low-index layer 2200a1 (high Al structure) is by Al 0.95Ga 0.05As (generally speaking, AlGaAs based material) forms.As a result, in surface emitting laser device 2200, the potential energy of the conduction band in chamber is about 0.22eV, and the potential energy of each low-index layer 2200a1 is about 0.30eV, the feasible energy difference that has 0.08eV therebetween.In Figure 27 A, reference number 2200a2 represents high refractive index layer (low Al structure).
In addition, with reference to figure 27B, in conventional surface emitting laser device 2200A, the chamber is by Ga 0.5In 0.5P (generally speaking, the AlGaInP based material) forms, and low-index layer 2200Ab1 (high Al component) is by (Al 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P (generally speaking, the AlGaInP based material) forms, and high refractive index layer 2200Ab2 (low Al component) is by Al 0.35Ga 0.65As (generally speaking, AlGaAs based material) forms.As a result, the potential energy of the valence band of each low-index layer 2200Ab1 is about-1.94eV, and the potential energy of the valence band of each high refractive index layer 2200Ab2 is about-1.57eV, the feasible energy difference of existence-0.37eV therebetween.In Figure 27 B, reference number 2200Ab3 represents low-index layer (high Al component).
Therefore, can be according to the chamber and the energy difference between the conduction band at the interface of each reflector 2103 and 2107 of the surface emitting laser device 2100 of present embodiment greater than conventional surface emitting laser device 2200.In addition, the low-index layer 21031 of surface emitting laser device 2100 and the energy difference between the high refractive index layer 21032 can be less than conventional surface emitting laser device 2200A.As a result, in surface emitting laser device 2100, multiple carrier more can be limited in the active layer 2105 and make the resistance of reflector 2103 and 2107 significantly be lower than conventional surface emitting laser device, thereby can obtain high output.
In addition, the high refractive index layer 21032 in reflector 2103 is by n-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and the low-index layer 21021 in reflector 2102 is by n-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As forms.Therefore, contain the interface that P material/contain As material junction interface 21023 (Figure 25) is formed at high refractive index layer 21032 with the top low-index layer 21021 in reflector 2102 in reflector 2103.
In addition, the high refractive index layer 21072 in reflector 2017 is by p-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and the low-index layer 21081 in reflector 2108 is by p-Al 0.95Ga 0.05As forms.Therefore, contain the interface that P material/contain As material junction interface 21083 (Figure 25) is formed at high refractive index layer 21072 with the lowermost low-index layer 21081 in reflector 2108 in reflector 2017.
On the other hand, contain P material/contain the interface that As material junction interface is present in conventional surface emitting laser device 2200 lumens and each low-index layer 2200a1 and the interface of the high refractive index layer 2200Ab2 that each low-index layer 2200Ab1 is adjacent among the conventional surface emitting laser device 2200A.
Therefore, in surface emitting laser device 2100, compare, contain P material/contain As material junction interface 21023 and 21083 to be changed to further from active layer 2105 with conventional surface emitting laser device 2200 and 2200A.As a result, surface emitting laser device 2100 can have longer useful life.
Right number is not limited to one, can be more than two for the number that [low-index layer 21031/ high refractive index layer 21032] in reflector 2103 is right and [low-index layer 21081/ high refractive index layer 21082] in reflector 2107.
Figure 28 is the curve chart that the relation between thermal conductivity and the Al component ratio x is shown.In Figure 28, vertical axis is represented thermal conductivity, and trunnion axis is represented Al component ratio x.In addition, camber line k3 shows thermal conductivity and Al xGa 1-xRelation among the As (0≤x≤1) between the Al component ratio x, camber line k4 shows thermal conductivity and (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5Relation among the P (0≤x≤1) between the Al component ratio x.
Adopt (Al for reflector 2103 and 2107 xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5The situation of P (0≤x≤1), reflector 2103 and 2107 thermal conductivity are lower than it and adopt Al xGa 1-xThe situation of As based material (0≤x≤1).(seeing camber line k3 and k4).Therefore, consider the heat dissipation characteristic, [low-index layer 21071/ high refractive index layer 21072] the right number in number that [low-index layer 21031/ high refractive index layer 21032] in reflector 2103 is right and reflector 2107 is confirmed as far as possible little.
Figure 29 A to 29H is the diagram that the manufacture method of surface emitting laser device 2100 shown in Figure 23 is shown.With reference to figure 29A, when sequence of operations began, reflector 2102 and 2103, barrier layer, chamber 2104, active layer 2105, barrier layer, chamber 2106, reflector 2107 and 2108, the p-AlAs layer that will be used as selective oxide layer 2109 and contact layer 2110 used MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition equipment) to be stacked on continuously on the substrate 2101.
In this case, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), arsine (AsH 3) and hydrogen selenide (H 2Se) form the n-Al in reflector 2102 for material 0.95Ga 0.05As and n-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As, and with trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI), phosphine (PH 3) and hydrogen selenide (H 2Se) form n-(Al for material 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P and n-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI) and phosphine (PH 3) form (Al on barrier layer, chamber 2104 for material 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI), phosphine (PH 3) and arsine (AsH 3) form the Ga of active layer 2105 for material 0.8In 0.2P 0.2As 0.8, and with trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI) and phosphine (PH 3) form (Al of active layer 2105 for material 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI) and phosphine (PH 3) form (Al on barrier layer, chamber 2106 for material 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P.
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl indium (TMI), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) form the p-(Al in reflector 2107 for material 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P and p-(Al 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P.Can use zinc methide (DMZn) to substitute carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4).
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), trimethyl gallium (TMG), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) form the p-Al in reflector 2108 for material 0.95Ga 0.05As and p-Al 0.35Ga 0.65As.In this case, also can use zinc methide (DMZn) to substitute carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4).
In addition, use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) for material forms the p-AlAs of selective oxide layer 2109, and use trimethyl aluminium (TMA), arsine (AsH 3) and carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4) form the p-GaAs of contact layer 2110 for material.In this case, also can use zinc methide (DMZn) to substitute carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4).
Subsequently, resist is applied on the contact layer 2110, and uses optical-mechanical technology to form resist pattern 2120 on contact layer 2110, shown in Figure 29 B.
In case form resist pattern 2120, use formed resist pattern 2120 to be mask, remove barrier layer, chamber 2104, active layer 2105, barrier layer, chamber 2106, reflector 2107 and 2108, will be used as the p-AlAs layer of selective oxide layer 2109 and the periphery of contact layer 2110 by dry etching, and remove resist pattern 2120 subsequently, shown in Figure 29 C.
According to RIBE (etching of reactive ion light beam), ICP (inductively coupled plasma) etching or RIE (reactive ion etching), by introducing based on the gas of halogen Cl for example 2, BCl 3Or SiCl 4And the use plasma, carry out this dry etching thus.
The reflector 2103 and 2107 of surface emitting laser device 2100, barrier layer, chamber 2104 and 2106 and the zone of active layer 2105 in, used the AlGaInP based material.Because the muriatic steam of In forces down, the dry etching speed that comprises the material of In is lower than the dry etching speed of the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (reflector 2102 and 2108) that is formed by the AlGaAs based material.That is to say, decide on etching condition, by barrier layer, chamber 2104 and 2106 and the cavity region that forms of active layer 2105 can be used as etching stopping layer.Therefore, can absorb in the face of the variation of etch-rate of different batches and etch-rate and distribute, make and etching will be used as the p-AlAs layer of selective oxide layer 2109 and can prevent that also etch depth from reaching reflector 2102.Thus, use halogen gas to come etching part reflector 2103 by dry etching, and the periphery of barrier layer, chamber 2104, active layer 2105, barrier layer, chamber 2106, reflector 2107 and 2108, the p-AlAs that will be used as selective oxide layer 2109 and contact layer 2110.
After the technology shown in Figure 29 C, using nitrogen the water that is heated to 85 ℃ to be carried out in the atmosphere of bubbling this sample (structure) is heated to 425 ℃, the p-AlAs layer that then will be used as selective oxide layer 2109 is oxidized to the center from its periphery, in p-AlAs layer 2109 (selective oxide layer 2109), form not oxide regions 2109a and oxide regions 2109b thus, shown in Figure 29 D.
Then, on the whole surface of sample, form SiO by CVD (chemical vapour deposition (CVD)) 2 Layer 2111, and remove this SiO from the zone and the peripheral region thereof that will be used as light out part by optical-mechanical technology 2Layer 2111 is shown in Figure 29 E.
Next, insulating resin 2112 is applied on the whole sample, and removes this insulating resin 2112, shown in Figure 29 F from the zone that will be used as light out part by spin coated.
After forming insulating resin 2112, the resist pattern with preliminary dimension is formed at and will be used as on the zone of light out part, and p lateral electrode material is formed on the whole surface of sample by vapour deposition.Subsequently, the p lateral electrode material on this resist pattern is removed by peeling off, and makes p lateral electrode 2113 form, shown in Figure 29 G.Subsequently, shown in Figure 29 H, the bottom side of substrate 2101 is ground, and n lateral electrode 2114 is formed on the bottom side of substrate 2101.In addition, the ohm that forms between p lateral electrode 2113 and the n lateral electrode 2114 by annealing conducts electricity.Make surface emitting laser device 2100 thus.
As mentioned above, according to surface emitting laser device 2100, the energy difference can be greater than conventional surface emitting laser device between the conduction band at the interface between chamber and each reflector 2103 and 2107, and the energy difference between the valence band can be less than conventional surface emitting laser device in each reflector 2103 and 2107.As a result, in surface emitting laser device 2100, multiple carrier more can be limited in the active layer 2105, make to obtain high output.
In addition, the low-index layer 21071 in the low-index layer 21031 in reflector 2103 and reflector 2107 is by (Al as mentioned above 0.7Ga 0.3) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, low- index layer 21031 and 21071 is not limited thereto, and generally speaking can be by (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x≤1) forms.
In addition, the high refractive index layer 21072 in the high refractive index layer 21032 in reflector 2103 and reflector 2107 is by (Al as mentioned above 0.1Ga 0.9) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, high refractive index layer 21032 and 21072 is not limited thereto, and generally speaking can be by (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤y＜x≤1) forms.
[the 13 embodiment (application)]
Figure 30 is the surface emitting laser device 2100A schematic cross-sectional view according to thriteenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 30, surface emitting laser device 2100A and surface emitting laser device 2100 differences shown in Figure 23 only are, use the reflector 2103 and 2107 of reflector 2103A and 2107A substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 2100 respectively.
Figure 31 is the cross section view of two reflector 2102 shown in Figure 30 and 2103A.With reference to Figure 31, the difference in reflector 2103A and reflector shown in Figure 24 2103 only is that reflector 2103A comprises intermediate layer 21033 in addition.
Intermediate layer 21033 is by n-(Al 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P is formed between low-index layer 21031 and the high refractive index layer 21032.
Figure 32 is the cross section view of two reflector 2107A shown in Figure 30 and 2108.With reference to Figure 32, the difference in reflector 2107A and reflector shown in Figure 24 2107 only is that reflector 2107A comprises intermediate layer 21073 in addition.
Intermediate layer 21073 is by p-(Al 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P is formed between low-index layer 21071 and the high refractive index layer 21072.
Figure 33 is the energy band diagram of the part in two reflector 2102 shown in Figure 30 and 2108, two reflector 2103A and 2107A and chamber (barrier layer ,= chamber 2104 and 2106 and active layer 2105).
With reference to Figure 33, the band gap in intermediate layer 21033 is between the band gap of the band gap of high refractive index layer 21032 and low-index layer 21031.In addition, the band gap in intermediate layer 21073 is between the band gap of the band gap of high refractive index layer 21072 and low-index layer 21071.
Big difference between the Al component ratio of low-index layer 21031 and the Al component ratio of high refractive index layer 21032 causes in the reflector 2103 between the valence band big discontinuous.Therefore, have between the intermediate layer 21033 of the middle Al component ratio between the Al component ratio of the Al of low-index layer 21031 component ratio and high refractive index layer 21032 and be folded between low-index layer 21031 and the high refractive index layer 21032.As a result, the valence band among the 2103A of reflector is discontinuous to be reduced, the feasible resistance that can reduce reflector 2103A.
In addition, the big difference between the Al component ratio of the Al component ratio of low-index layer 21071 and high refractive index layer 21072 causes in the reflector 2107 between the valence band big discontinuous.Therefore, have between the intermediate layer 21073 of the middle Al component ratio between the Al component ratio of the Al of low-index layer 21071 component ratio and high refractive index layer 21072 and be folded between low-index layer 21071 and the high refractive index layer 21072.As a result, the valence band among the 2107A of reflector is discontinuous to be reduced, the feasible resistance that can reduce reflector 2107A.
Therefore, by intermediate layer 21033 and 21073 are provided in reflector 2103A and 2107A respectively, the resistance of each reflector 2103A and 2107A reduces, and makes surface emitting laser device 2100A can have high output.
According to the technology shown in Figure 29 A to 29H, make this surface emitting laser device 2100A.In this case, can pile up reflector 2103A and 2107A respectively and come reflector 2103 and 2107 in the technology of alternate figures 29A.
In addition, intermediate layer 21033 is by n-(Al as mentioned above 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and intermediate layer 21073 is by p-(Al as mentioned above 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, intermediate layer 21033 and 21073 is not limited thereto.Intermediate layer 21033 can be by n-(Al zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤z≤1, y＜z＜x) form, and intermediate layer 21073 can be by p-(Al zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤z≤1, y＜z＜x) form.
In addition, intermediate layer 21033 can be by band gap from low-index layer 21031 towards high refractive index layer 21032 continuously or a plurality of n-(Al of reducing of step ground zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5The P layer forms.In addition, intermediate layer 21073 can be by band gap from low-index layer 21071 towards high refractive index layer 21072 continuously or a plurality of p-(Al of reducing of step ground zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5The P layer forms.
In other respects, the 13 embodiment is identical with the 12 embodiment.
[the 14 embodiment (application)]
Figure 34 is the surface emitting laser device 2100B schematic cross-sectional view according to fourteenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 34, surface emitting laser device 2100B and surface emitting laser device 2100 differences shown in Figure 23 only are, use the reflector 2103 and 2107 of reflector 2103B and 2107B substitution tables surface-emission laser apparatus 2100 respectively.
Figure 35 is the cross section view of two reflector 2102 shown in Figure 34 and 2103B.With reference to Figure 35, the difference of reflector 2103B and reflector 2103A shown in Figure 31 only is that reflector 2103B comprises additional intermediate layer 21034.
Intermediate layer 21034 is by n-(Al 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P is formed between low-index layer 21031 and the chamber.
Figure 36 is the cross section view of two reflector 2107B shown in Figure 34 and 2108.With reference to Figure 36, the difference of reflector 2107B and reflector 2107A shown in Figure 32 only is that reflector 2107B comprises additional intermediate layer 21074.
Intermediate layer 21074 is by p-(Al 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P is formed between low-index layer 21071 and the chamber.
Figure 37 is the energy band diagram of the part in two reflector 2102 shown in Figure 34 and 2108, two reflector 2103B and 2107B and chamber (barrier layer ,= chamber 2104 and 2106 and active layer 2105).
With reference to Figure 37, the band gap in intermediate layer 21034 is between the band gap of the band gap on barrier layer, chamber 2104 and low-index layer 21031.In addition, the band gap in intermediate layer 21074 is between the band gap of the band gap on barrier layer, chamber 2106 and low-index layer 21071.
Big difference between the Al component ratio on barrier layer, chamber 2104 and the Al component ratio of low-index layer 21031 causes in the 2103A of reflector between the valence band big discontinuous.Therefore, have between the intermediate layer 21034 of the middle Al component ratio between the Al component ratio of the Al on barrier layer, chamber 2104 component ratio and low-index layer 21031 and be folded between barrier layer, chamber 2104 and the low-index layer 21031.As a result, the valence band among the 2103B of reflector is discontinuous to be reduced, the feasible resistance that can reduce reflector 2103B.
In addition, the big difference between the Al component ratio of the Al component ratio on barrier layer, chamber 2106 and low-index layer 21071 causes in the 2107A of reflector between the valence band big discontinuous.Therefore, have between the intermediate layer 21074 of the middle Al component ratio between the Al component ratio of the Al on barrier layer, chamber 2106 component ratio and low-index layer 21071 and be folded between barrier layer, chamber 2106 and the low-index layer 21071.As a result, the valence band among the 2107B of reflector is discontinuous to be reduced, the feasible resistance that can reduce reflector 2107B.
Therefore, by intermediate layer 21034 and 21074 are provided in reflector 2103B and 2107B respectively, the resistance of each reflector 2103B and 2107B reduces, and makes surface emitting laser device 2100B can have high output.
According to the technology shown in Figure 29 A to 29H, make this surface emitting laser device 2100B.In this case, can pile up reflector 2103B and 2107B respectively and come reflector 2103 and 2107 in the technology of alternate figures 29A.
In addition, intermediate layer 21034 is by n-(Al as mentioned above 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P forms, and intermediate layer 21074 is by p-(Al as mentioned above 0.4Ga 0.6) 0.5In 0.5P forms.Yet in the present invention, intermediate layer 21034 and 21074 is not limited thereto.Intermediate layer 21034 can be by n-(Al zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤z≤1, y＜z＜x) form, and intermediate layer 21074 can be by p-(Al zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤z≤1, y＜z＜x) form.
In addition, intermediate layer 21034 can be by band gap from low-index layer 21031 towards the barrier layer, chamber 2104 continuously or a plurality of n-(Al of reducing of step ground zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5The P layer forms.In addition, intermediate layer 21074 can be by band gap from low-index layer 21071 towards the barrier layer, chamber 2106 continuously or a plurality of p-(Al of reducing of step ground zGa 1-z) 0.5In 0.5The P layer forms.
In other respects, the 14 embodiment is identical with the 12 embodiment.
[the 15 embodiment (application)]
Figure 38 is the plan view according to the surface-emitting laser array 2300 of the use of fifteenth embodiment of the invention surface emitting laser device 2100 shown in Figure 23.With reference to Figure 38, surface-emitting laser array 2300 comprises 24 surface emitting laser devices 2301 to 2324.
Each this 24 surface emitting laser devices 2301 to 2324 are to be formed by surface emitting laser device 2100 shown in Figure 23.Surface emitting laser device 2301 to 2324 is arranged two-dimensionally.The group of three surface emitting lasers, that is, and surface emitting laser device 2301,2309 and 2317; Surface emitting laser device 2302,2310 and 2318; Surface emitting laser device 2303,2311 and 2319; Surface emitting laser device 2304,2312 and 2320; Surface emitting laser device 2305,2313 and 2321; Surface emitting laser device 2306,2314 and 2322; Surface emitting laser device 2307,2315 and 2323; And surface emitting laser device 2308,2316 and 2324 is equidistantly arranged along first baseline.
In addition, the group of eight surface emitting laser devices, that is, surface emitting laser device 2301 to 2308, surface emitting laser device 2309 to 2316 and surface emitting laser device 2317 to 2324 are equidistantly arranged along second baseline.In this case, arrange by spacing d ' along each adjacent two surface emitting laser devices 2301 to 2324 of second baseline, as shown in figure 38.
In addition, each bar first baseline and each bar second baseline form predetermined angular.Therefore, be projected in situation on first baseline, eight central points equidistantly being projected for central point with h with per eight surface emitting laser devices 2301 to 2308,2309 to 2316 or 2317 to 2324.
Because surface emitting laser device 2100 is a surface emission-type, surface emitting laser device 2100 can easily be arranged to array with high setting position precision.In addition, in surface emitting laser device 2100, reflector 2103 and 2107 resistance reduce, and produce thereby suppress heat as mentioned above.Therefore, compare with conventional surface-emitting laser array, surface-emitting laser array 2300 can reduction means be realized high device density at interval.As a result, can obtain to increase number of dies, make and to reduce cost.
In addition, when being applied to write optical system, a plurality of surface emitting laser devices 2100 that can carry out high output services are integrated in when helping using multiple beam on the same substrate and write, thereby significantly improve writing rate, can print thus and do not reduce printing speed, increase even write dot density.Keep identical if write dot density, then can improve printing speed.
That is to say that usually, all surface emitting laser devices 2301 to 2324 are illuminated in the single main scanning according to view data, and carry out son scanning subsequently.Carry out the image record by repeating these processes.That is to say, if the surface emitting laser device that comprises in the surface-emitting laser array 2300 add up to n, the image record that then in the single main scanning, is equivalent to n bar line, make can be in the time document image, this time only is the 1/n of the time under the situation of using the single LASER Light Source with identical output.
In surface-emitting laser array 2300, each surface emitting laser device 2301 to 2324 can also be by any one forms among surface emitting laser device 2100A and the 2100B.
[the 16 embodiment (application)]
Figure 39 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner 2400 of sixteenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 39, optical scanner 2400 comprises surface-emitting laser array 2401, collimating lens 2402, polygon mirror 2403 and f θ lens 2404.
Surface-emitting laser array 2401 is to be formed by surface-emitting laser array shown in Figure 38 2300, and launches a plurality of light beams.Collimating lens 2402 collimates from a plurality of light beams of surface-emitting laser array 2401 emissions, and the light beam of collimation is guided to polygon mirror 2403.
Polygon mirror 2403 turns clockwise by predetermined speed, thereby makes a plurality of light beams that receive from collimating lens 2402 along main scanning direction and the scanning of sub-scanning direction, and light beam is guided to f θ lens 2404.F θ lens 2404 will guide to photoreceptor 2405 from a plurality of light beams of polygon mirror 2403 reflections.In this case, 2404 guiding of f θ lens make light beam focus on the photoreceptor 2405 from a plurality of light beams of polygon mirror 2403 reflections.
Therefore, according to optical scanner 2400, by making the lighting hours of polygon mirror 2403 with high speed rotating and adjustment point position, the same optical system that use is formed by collimating lens 2402 and polygon mirror 2403 will be focused into a plurality of luminous points that separate as sub-scanning direction, photoreceptor 2405 upper edges of scanning of a surface from a plurality of light beams of surface-emitting laser array 2401.
For using optical scanner 2400 to write the situation of image, by considering each skew of surface emitting laser device 2301 to 2324 with respect to first baseline, can with from the beam arrangement of surface emitting laser device 2301 to 2324 on the single straight line on the photoreceptor 2405.
In addition, in the optics writing system,,, photoreceptor 2405 is finished once rotate the required write time to be reduced to 1/n if light output and polygon mirror rotary speed remain unchanged if the number of laser beam increases to n from 1.Therefore, can write with the speed more much higher than conventional situation.
[the 17 embodiment (application)]
Figure 40 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner 2400A of seventeenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 40, optical scanner 2400A and optical scanner shown in Figure 39 2400 differences only are that optical scanner 2400A comprises light receiving element 2406 and moving part 2407 in addition.
Moving part 2407 moves this light receiving element 2406 between the position a of outside, laser optics path and the position b on the laser optics path.When light receiving element 2406 moved to position b on the laser optics path, light receiving element 2406 was surveyed from surface-emitting laser array 2401 emitted laser and is measured its output.
When optical scanner 2400A write image, moving part 2407 placed light receiving element 2406 the position a of outside, laser optics path.When optical scanner 2400A did not write image, moving part 2407 placed position b on the laser optics path with light receiving element 2406.
The general rule that uses semiconductor laser to confirm is, for a long time, output reduced gradually with excitation or launch time.This phenomenon more or less is applicable to every kind of semiconductor laser.The variation of laser output shows as the variation of electromotive force on the photoreceptor 2405 when forming sub-image, and finally is observe image density inhomogeneous.Therefore, laser output should be evenly to form the image of uniform density.
Therefore, when optical scanner 2400A did not carry out the image recording operation, light receiving element 2406 was moved on the optical axis that places laser, and making can be measured from the output of a plurality of laser beams of surface-emitting laser array 2401 emissions.By measure the electric current of controlling a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that inject this surface-emitting laser array 2401 based on this, make the output of a plurality of laser beams remain unchanged basically, then can on photoreceptor 2405, form the image of uniform density.
In other respects, the explanation of Figure 39 is suitable equally.
[the 18 embodiment (application)]
Figure 41 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner 2400B of eighteenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 41, optical scanner 2400B and optical scanner shown in Figure 39 2400 differences only are that optical scanner 2400B comprises half-reflecting mirror (half mirror) 2408 (light guide portion) and light receiving elements 2409 in addition.
Half-reflecting mirror 2408 places on the optical path between collimating lens 2402 and the polygon mirror 2403.Half-reflecting mirror 2408 part of the laser of self-focus lens 2402 in the future is transferred to polygon mirror 2403, and with part laser-bounce towards light receiving element 2409.The light that light receiving element 2409 receives from half-reflecting mirror 2408.
By using half-reflecting mirror 2408 reflecting part laser and using light receiving element 2409 to survey these reverberation, can measure from the output of a plurality of laser beams of surface-emitting laser array 2401 emissions any moving part is not provided.In addition,, make the output of a plurality of laser beams remain unchanged basically, then can on photoreceptor 2405, form the image of uniform density by measure the electric current of controlling a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that inject this surface-emitting laser array 2401 based on this.In other respects, the explanation of Figure 39 is suitable equally.
[the 19 embodiment (application)]
Figure 42 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner 2400C of nineteenth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 42, optical scanner 2400C and optical scanner 2400B difference shown in Figure 41 only are that optical scanner 2400C comprises amplifier 2410 (enlarging section) in addition.Amplifier 2410 can be an amplifying lens.
Amplifier 2410 places between half-reflecting mirror 2408 and the light receiving element 2409.Amplifier 2410 amplifies a plurality of laser beams from half-reflecting mirror 2408 with predetermined multiplication factor, and the laser beam that amplifies is guided to light receiving element 2409.
Owing to arrange from the narrow compartment of terrain of a plurality of laser beams of surface-emitting laser array 2401 emissions, therefore be difficult to survey this laser beam by light beam is separated from each other.
Therefore, be exaggerated device 2410 amplifications, the output that then can accurately measure these a plurality of laser beams by a plurality of laser beams being guided to light receiving element 2409 and its light beam pitch.The result, can accurately control the electric current of a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that inject surface-emitting laser array 2401 based on this accurate measurement, make the output of a plurality of laser beams remain unchanged basically, then can on photoreceptor 2405, accurately form the image of uniform density.
Amplifier 2410 can add optical scanner 2400A shown in Figure 40 to.In this case, moving part 2407 side by side moves to position a or b with amplifier 2410 and light receiving element 2406.In other respects, Figure 39 and 41 explanation are suitable equally.
[the 20 embodiment (application)]
Figure 43 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the optical scanner 2400D of twentieth embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 43, optical scanner 2400D and optical scanner shown in Figure 39 2400 differences only are that optical scanner 2400D comprises light receiving element 2411 in addition.
Light receiving element 2411 places the end of main scanning direction of exiting surface 2404A one side (exiting surface 2404A side) the upper edge laser of f θ lens 2404.
In electrofax, form image: use the polygon mirror 2403 among Figure 43 to carry out main scanning, and after main scanning is finished, scan photoconductor drum 2405 by predetermined quantity along sub-scanning direction by repeating following operation.Therefore, carry out main scanning and son scanning by scheduled timing.Yet during the main scanning that is equivalent to an image, the irregular skew that causes of the rotation of polygon mirror 2403 can be accumulated, thus overslaugh the formation of high quality graphic.
According to optical scanner 2400D, the light receiving element 2411 that is used for detection scanning laser is located at the end along main scanning direction, and the signal Synchronization ground that two main scannings are finished in son scanning and indication carries out.This makes and can prevent because the irregular deterioration in image quality that causes of rotation of polygon mirror 2403 makes and can write down high quality graphic.
[the 21 embodiment (application)]
Figure 44 is the indicative icon that illustrates according to the electronic photographing device of 21st embodiment of the invention.With reference to Figure 44, electronic photographing device 2500 comprises photoconductor drum 2501, optical scanner 2502, cleaning unit 2503, charged unit 2504, developing cell 2505, toner 2506, transfer printing unit 2507 and releasing unit 2508.
Optical scanner 2502, cleaning unit 2503, developing cell 2505, toner 2506, transfer printing unit 2507 and releasing unit 2508 are located at around the photoconductor drum 2501.
Optical scanner 2502 is to be formed by optical scanner shown in Figure 39 2400, and uses and use a plurality of laser beams to form sub-image on photoconductor drum 2501 according to said method.Cleaning unit 2503 is removed the toner 2509 that remains on the photoconductor drum 2501.
Charged unit 2504 makes the surperficial charged of photoconductor drum 2501.Developing cell 2505 guides to toner 2506 on the surface of photoconductor drum 2501, and the sub-image that uses toner 2506 to develop and formed by optical scanner 2502.
Transfer printing unit 2507 transfer printing toner images.Releasing unit 2508 is wiped the sub-image on the photoconductor drum 2501.
When beginning sequence of operations in the electronic photographing device 2500, charged unit 2504 makes the surperficial charged of photoconductor drum 2501, and optical scanner 2502 uses a plurality of laser beams to form sub-image on photoconductor drum 2501.The sub-image that developing cell 2505 uses toner 2506 to develop and formed by optical scanner 2502, and this toner image of transfer printing unit 2507 transfer printings.Thus, toner image is transferred on record-paper 2510.Subsequently, this toner image experience is used the heat fixer of fixation unit (not shown), and electrophotographic image forms thus.
On the other hand, releasing unit 2508 is wiped the sub-image on the photoconductor drum 2501, and cleaning unit 2503 is removed the toner 2509 that remains on the photoconductor drum 2501.Thus, sequence of operations knot light beam.By repeating aforesaid operations, can export electrophotographic image at high speed continuously.
In electronic photographing device 2500, optical scanner 2502 can also be formed by any one of optical scanner 2400A, 2400B, 2400C and 2400D.
The present invention can be applied to have the surface emitting laser device of high output.The present invention can be applied to comprise the surface-emitting laser array of the surface emitting laser device that can have high output.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise the imaging device of the surface emitting laser device that can have high output.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical pick-up unit that uses its surface-emitting laser array.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical transmitter module of using its surface-emitting laser array.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical transceiver module that uses its surface-emitting laser array.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise surface emitting laser device that can have high output or the optical communication system that uses its surface-emitting laser array.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise the optical scanner of the surface-emitting laser array of the surface emitting laser device formation that can have high output.In addition, the present invention can be applied to use the electronic photographing device of the surface-emitting laser array that comprises the surface emitting laser device that can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And second reflector that forms this barrier layer, second chamber of contact by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector, wherein this barrier layer, first chamber comprises the semiconductor material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material that forms this barrier layer, second chamber.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector form the contact this barrier layer, second chamber second reflector, wherein this active layer comprises by Ga aIn 1-aP bAs 1-bThe trap layer that (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms, and by (the G of band gap greater than the band gap of this trap layer aCIn 1-c) dP 1-dThe base layer that As (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms; This first reflector comprises by Al xGa 1-xA plurality of low-index layers that As (0＜x≤1) forms and by Al yGa 1-yA plurality of high refractive index layers that As (0＜y＜x≤1) forms; This barrier layer, first and second chambeies part one of at least is to be formed by AlGaInP; One of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of formation of close this active layer is by (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1) forms; And one of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of formation of close this active layer is greater than described (Al by thermal conductivity eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe Al of P xGa 1-xAs (0＜x≤1) forms.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector form the contact this barrier layer, second chamber second reflector, wherein this active layer comprises by Ga aIn 1-aP bAs 1-bThe trap layer that (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms, and by (the Ga of band gap greater than the band gap of this trap layer cIn 1-c) dP 1-dThe base layer that As (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms; This first reflector comprises by Al xGa 1-xA plurality of low-index layers that As (0＜x≤1) forms and by Al yGa 1-yA plurality of high refractive index layers that As (0＜y＜x≤1) forms; The part on this barrier layer, second chamber is by (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1) forms; And comprise described (Al on this barrier layer, second chamber eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe position of P is with respect to the position of this active layer symmetry, and this barrier layer, first chamber comprises the semiconductor material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than described (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe thermal conductivity of P.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises and is connected to heat sink substrate; Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector; Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact; Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact; Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector form the contact this barrier layer, second chamber second reflector, wherein this first reflector comprises that a plurality of low-index layers and this second reflector comprise a plurality of low-index layers; And the thermal conductivity of semi-conducting material of one of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of close this active layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material of one of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of close this active layer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the surface emitting laser device, placing barrier layer, chamber and reflector on the substrate-side of active layer is to be formed by semi-conducting material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material in barrier layer, chamber on the outlet side that places this active layer and reflector.Therefore, the heat that produces in this active layer is transmitted into this substrate, makes that the temperature rising in the active layer is inhibited.
Therefore, the temperature characterisitic of this surface emitting laser device improves, and makes this surface emitting laser device can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of surface-emitting laser array that comprises according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention.
Because it is one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention that this surface-emitting laser array comprises, can reduce the interval that this surface emitting laser device is arranged, make and can arrange this surface emitting laser device to high-density.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of this surface-emitting laser array that comprises as the imaging device that writes with light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention.
Because this imaging device comprises that according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array this imaging device can use the surface emitting laser device that increases number to write on photoreceptor.That is to say that this imaging device can write with the dot density that increases on photoreceptor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical pick-up unit as light source.
Since this optical pick-up unit comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, this optical pick-up unit can use a plurality of laser beams to record the information on the CD or from optical disc replay information.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical transmitter module as light source.
Since this optical transmitter module comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, this optical transmitter module can use a plurality of laser beams to send signals.That is to say that this optical transmitter module can send signal with high transmission rate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical transceiver module as light source.
Since this optical transceiver module comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, this optical transceiver module can use a plurality of laser beams to pass on signals.That is to say that this optical transceiver module can be passed on signal with high speed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of and comprised according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array optical communication system as light source.
Since this optical communication system comprise one or more according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention or surface-emitting laser array as light source, can increase the speed of whole system.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface emitting laser device is provided, it comprises by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector and is formed at first reflector on the substrate; Form second reflector in this first reflector of contact; The chamber that comprises active layer, this chamber form this second reflector of contact; Form the 3rd reflector in this chamber of contact; And the 4th reflector that forms contact the 3rd reflector, wherein this chamber is to be formed by the AlGaInPAs based material; This second reflector comprises the body ply of individual first high refractive index layer of the n that alternately piles up and n first low-index layer, and wherein n is a positive integer; The 3rd reflector comprises the body ply of individual second high refractive index layer of the m that alternately piles up and m second low-index layer, and wherein m is a positive integer; Each this n first low-index layer and this m second low-index layer is by (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x≤1) forms; Each this n first high refractive index layer and this m second high refractive index layer is by (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤y＜x≤1) forms; This chamber of one of this n first low-index layer contact, and the contact of one of this n first high refractive index layer forms the AlGaAs based material in this first reflector; And one of this m second low-index layer this chamber of contact, and the contact of one of this m second high refractive index layer forms the AlGaAs based material in the 4th reflector.
In surface emitting laser device according to an embodiment of the invention, the low-index layer that forms the reflector in contact chamber is by (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x≤1) forms, and the high refractive index layer that forms the reflector in contact chamber is by (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤y＜x≤1) forms, and this chamber is to be formed by the AlGaInPAs based material.As a result, can be in active layer with carrier confinement, and reduce the resistance in this reflector that forms this chamber of contact.Therefore, this surface emitting laser device can have high output.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of surface-emitting laser array that comprises a plurality of according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention is provided, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of optical scanner that comprises a plurality of surface-emitting laser arrays according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention that comprises is provided, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively; Light receiver is configured to receive from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And moving part is configured in the time except image recording time this light receiver be moved on the optical axis of institute's emitted laser.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of optical scanner that comprises a plurality of surface-emitting laser arrays according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention that comprises is provided, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively; Light receiver is configured to receive the part from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And the light guide portion is configured to the part of institute's emitted laser is guided to this light receiver.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of electronic photographing device that comprises optical scanner is provided, this optical scanner comprises and comprises a plurality of surface-emitting laser arrays according to surface emitting laser device of the present invention, wherein this surface emitting laser device places the respective quadrature crunode of many equidistant first baselines and many equidistant second baselines, and this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively; Light receiver is configured to receive the part from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And the light guide portion is configured to the part of institute's emitted laser is guided to this light receiver.
The invention is not restricted to concrete disclosed embodiment, under the situation that does not deviate from scope of the present invention, can change and adjust.
The application is based on following Japanese patent application as priority: the No.2006-250384 that the No.2006-057535 that the No.2006-027466 that submitted on February 3rd, 2006, on March 3rd, 2006 submit to and on September 15th, 2006 submit to, its full content is quoted and is incorporated into this.

Claims (76)

1. surface emitting laser device comprises:
Be connected to heat sink substrate;
Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector;
Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact;
Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact;
Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And
Form second reflector that contacts this barrier layer, second chamber by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector,
Wherein this barrier layer, first chamber comprises the semiconductor material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material that forms this barrier layer, second chamber.
2. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein forming the semi-conducting material on this barrier layer, first chamber and the semi-conducting material on this barrier layer, second chamber of formation is asymmetric about this active layer.
3. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, the semi-conducting material that wherein forms this barrier layer, second chamber comprises (Al dGa 1-d) fIn 1-fP (0＜d≤1,0≤f≤1).
4. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 3, the thermal conductivity of semi-conducting material that wherein forms this barrier layer, first chamber is greater than described (Al dGa 1-d) fIn 1-fThe thermal conductivity of P.
5. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 4, wherein this barrier layer, first chamber comprises that band gap is less than described (Al dGa 1-d) fIn 1-f(the Al of the band gap of P gGa 1-g) hIn 1-hP (0≤g≤1,0≤h≤1).
6. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this barrier layer, first chamber comprises Al zGa 1-zAs (0≤z≤1).
7. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this barrier layer, first chamber comprises:
The barrier layer, first chamber that forms this first reflector of contact and have first thermal conductivity; And
The barrier layer, second chamber that forms this barrier layer, first chamber of contact and this active layer and have second thermal conductivity that is lower than this first thermal conductivity.
8. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, the thermal conductivity of one of semi-conducting material that wherein is changed to this first reflector of close this active layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of one of semi-conducting material that is changed to this second reflector of close this active layer.
9. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
This first reflector comprises at least by Al xGa 1-xThe layer that As (0＜x≤1) forms; And
This second reflector comprises by (Al dGa 1-d) fIn 1-fThe layer that P (0＜d≤1,0≤f≤1) forms, and this is placed on and by described Al xGa 1-xThe layer that As forms is about the position of this active layer symmetry.
10. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 9, wherein said Al xGa 1-xAs is AlAs.
11. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this first reflector comprises a plurality of low-index layers that form by AlAs.
12. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
This second reflector comprises the electric current restrictions; And
This first reflector comprises:
Form first reflecting part that contacts this substrate and comprise the low-index layer that forms by AlAs; And
Be formed on the active layer side of this first reflecting part and comprise by Al jGa 1-jSecond reflecting part of the low-index layer that As (0＜j＜1) forms.
13. a surface-emitting laser array comprises:
A plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1.
14. an imaging device comprises that surface-emitting laser array uses light source as writing, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1.
15. an optical pick-up unit comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1 is as light source.
16. an optical pick-up unit comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1.
17. an optical transmitter module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1 is as light source.
18. an optical transmitter module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1.
19. an optical transceiver module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1 is as light source.
20. an optical transceiver module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1.
21. an optical communication system comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1 is as light source.
22. an optical communication system comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 1.
23. a surface emitting laser device comprises:
Be connected to heat sink substrate;
Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector;
Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact;
Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact;
Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And
Form second reflector that contacts this barrier layer, second chamber by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector,
Wherein this active layer comprises:
By Ga aIn 1-aP bAs 1-bThe trap layer that (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms; And
By (the Ga of band gap greater than the band gap of this trap layer cIn 1-c) dP 1-dThe base layer that As (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms;
This first reflector comprises:
By Al xGa 1-xA plurality of low-index layers that As (0＜x≤1) forms; And
By Al yGa 1-yA plurality of high refractive index layers that As (0＜y＜x≤1) forms;
This barrier layer, first and second chambeies part one of at least is to be formed by AlGaInP;
One of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of formation of close this active layer is by (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1) forms; And
One of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of formation of close this active layer is greater than described (Al by thermal conductivity eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe Al of P xGa 1-xAs (0＜x≤1) forms.
24. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23, wherein each low-index layer that comprises in this first reflector comprises AlAs.
25. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23, wherein:
This second reflector comprises the electric current restrictions; And
This first reflector comprises:
Form first reflecting part of one of low-index layer that contact this substrate and comprising forms by AlAs; And
Be formed on the active layer side of this first reflecting part and comprise by Al jGa 1-jSecond reflecting part of one of low-index layer that As (0＜j＜1) forms.
26. a surface-emitting laser array comprises:
A plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23.
27. an imaging device comprises that surface-emitting laser array uses light source as writing, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23.
28. an optical pick-up unit comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23 is as light source.
29. an optical pick-up unit comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23.
30. an optical transmitter module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23 is as light source.
31. an optical transmitter module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23.
32. an optical transceiver module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23 is as light source.
33. an optical transceiver module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23.
34. an optical communication system comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23 is as light source.
35. an optical communication system comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 23.
36. a surface emitting laser device comprises:
Be connected to heat sink substrate;
Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector;
Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact;
Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact;
Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And
Form second reflector that contacts this barrier layer, second chamber by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector,
Wherein this active layer comprises:
By Ga aIn 1-aP bAs 1-bThe trap layer that (0≤a≤1,0≤b≤1) forms, and
By (the Ga of band gap greater than the band gap of this trap layer cIn 1-c) dP 1-dThe base layer that As (0≤c≤1,0≤d≤1) forms;
This first reflector comprises:
By Al xGa 1-xA plurality of low-index layers that As (0＜x≤1) forms; And
By Al yGa 1-yA plurality of high refractive index layers that As (0＜y＜x≤1) forms;
The part on this barrier layer, second chamber is by (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1) forms; And
Comprise described (Al on this barrier layer, second chamber eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe position of P is with respect to the position of this active layer symmetry, and this barrier layer, first chamber comprises the semiconductor material, and the thermal conductivity of this semi-conducting material is greater than described (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe thermal conductivity of P.
37. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36, wherein each low-index layer that comprises in this first reflector comprises AlAs.
38. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36, wherein:
This second reflector comprises the electric current restrictions; And
This first reflector comprises:
Form first reflecting part of one of low-index layer that contact this substrate and comprising forms by AlAs; And
Be formed on the active layer side of this first reflecting part and comprise by Al jGa 1-jSecond reflecting part of one of low-index layer that As (0＜j＜1) forms.
39. a surface-emitting laser array comprises:
A plurality of surface emitting laser devices, wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36.
40. an imaging device comprises that surface-emitting laser array uses light source as writing, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36.
41. an optical pick-up unit comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36 is as light source.
42. an optical pick-up unit comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36.
43. an optical transmitter module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36 is as light source.
44. an optical transmitter module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36.
45. an optical transceiver module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36 is as light source.
46. an optical transceiver module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36.
47. an optical communication system comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36 is as light source.
48. an optical communication system comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 36.
49. a surface emitting laser device comprises:
Be connected to heat sink substrate;
Be formed at first reflector on this substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector;
Form the barrier layer, first chamber in this first reflector of contact;
Form the active layer on this barrier layer, first chamber of contact;
Form the barrier layer, second chamber of this active layer of contact; And
Form second reflector that contacts this barrier layer, second chamber by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector,
Wherein this first reflector comprises that a plurality of low-index layers and this second reflector comprise a plurality of low-index layers; And
The thermal conductivity of semi-conducting material of one of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of close this active layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of the semi-conducting material of one of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of close this active layer.
50. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49, wherein:
One of low-index layer that is changed to this second reflector of close this active layer comprises (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fP (0＜e≤1,0≤f≤1); And
One of low-index layer that is changed to this first reflector of close this active layer comprises that thermal conductivity is greater than described (Al eGa 1-e) fIn 1-fThe Al of P xGa 1-xAs (0＜x≤1).
51. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 50, wherein said Al xGa 1-xAs is AlAs.
52. surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49, wherein this barrier layer, first and second chambeies part one of at least is to be formed by AlGaInP.
53. a surface-emitting laser array comprises:
A plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49.
54. an imaging device comprises that surface-emitting laser array uses light source as writing, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49.
55. an optical pick-up unit comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49 is as light source.
56. an optical pick-up unit comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49.
57. an optical transmitter module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49 is as light source.
58. an optical transmitter module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49.
59. an optical transceiver module comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49 is as light source.
60. an optical transceiver module comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49.
61. an optical communication system comprises that surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49 is as light source.
62. an optical communication system comprises surface-emitting laser array as light source, this surface-emitting laser array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser devices,
Wherein each this surface emitting laser device is to be formed by surface emitting laser device as claimed in claim 49.
63. a surface emitting laser device comprises:
Be formed at first reflector on the substrate by the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector;
Form second reflector in this first reflector of contact;
The chamber that comprises active layer, this chamber form this second reflector of contact;
Form the 3rd reflector in this chamber of contact; And
Form the 4th reflector in contact the 3rd reflector,
Wherein this chamber is to be formed by the AlGaInPAs based material;
This second reflector comprises the body ply of individual first high refractive index layer of the n that alternately piles up and n first low-index layer, and wherein n is a positive integer;
The 3rd reflector comprises the body ply of individual second high refractive index layer of the m that alternately piles up and m second low-index layer, and wherein m is a positive integer;
Each this n first low-index layer and this m second low-index layer is by (Al xGa 1-x) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤x≤1) forms;
Each this n first high refractive index layer and this m second high refractive index layer is by (Al yGa 1-y) 0.5In 0.5P (0≤y＜x≤1) forms;
This chamber of one of this n first low-index layer contact, and the contact of one of this n first high refractive index layer forms the AlGaAs based material in this first reflector; And
This chamber of one of this m second low-index layer contact, and the contact of one of this m second high refractive index layer forms the AlGaAs based material in the 4th reflector.
64. as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 63, wherein:
This second reflector also comprises first intermediate layer of being located between one of one of this n first low-index layer and corresponding this n first high refractive index layer, and the band gap in this first intermediate layer is between the band gap of the band gap of this n first low-index layer and this n first high refractive index layer; And
The 3rd reflector also comprises second intermediate layer of being located between one of one of this m second low-index layer and corresponding this m second high refractive index layer, and the band gap in this second intermediate layer is between the band gap of the band gap of this m second low-index layer and this m second high refractive index layer.
65. as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 64, wherein each this first and second intermediate layers comprise the multiple semi-conducting material that the band gap step changes.
66. as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 64, wherein:
This second reflector also comprises the 3rd intermediate layer that forms this chamber of contact, and the band gap in the 3rd intermediate layer is between the band gap of the band gap in this chamber and this n first low-index layer; And
The 3rd reflector also comprises the 4th intermediate layer that forms this chamber of contact, and the band gap in the 4th intermediate layer is between the band gap of the band gap in this chamber and this m second low-index layer.
67. as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 66, wherein each this third and fourth interbed comprises the multiple semi-conducting material that the band gap step changes.
68. a surface-emitting laser array comprises respectively by a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that form as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 63,
Wherein these a plurality of surface emitting laser devices are arranged in the respective quadrature crunode of many first baselines of equidistantly arranging and many second baselines of equidistantly arranging, this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively.
69. an optical scanner comprises:
Comprise respectively surface-emitting laser array by a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that form as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 63, wherein these a plurality of surface emitting laser devices are arranged in the respective quadrature crunode of many first baselines of equidistantly arranging and many second baselines of equidistantly arranging, this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively;
Light receiver is configured to receive from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And
Moving part is configured in the time except image recording time this light receiver be moved on the optical axis of institute's emitted laser.
70., also comprise as the described optical scanner of claim 69:
The enlarging section, be configured to amplify this laser and with the laser aiming of amplifying to this light receiver.
71., also comprise as the described optical scanner of claim 69:
Additional light receiving element is arranged in the end of the scanning of this laser.
72. an optical scanner comprises:
Comprise respectively surface-emitting laser array by a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that form as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 63, wherein this surface emitting laser device is arranged in the respective quadrature crunode of many first baselines of equidistantly arranging and many second baselines of equidistantly arranging, this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively;
Light receiver is configured to receive the part from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And
The light guide portion is configured to this part of institute's emitted laser is guided to this light receiver.
73., also comprise as the described optical scanner of claim 72:
The enlarging section is configured to this part of amplifying laser and this part of the laser that amplifies is guided to this light receiver.
74. as the described optical scanner of claim 72, wherein this light receiver is arranged in the end of scanning of this part of laser.
75. an electronic photographing device comprises:
Optical scanner, this optical scanner comprises:
Comprise respectively surface-emitting laser array by a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that form as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 63, wherein this surface emitting laser device is arranged in the respective quadrature crunode of many first baselines of equidistantly arranging and many second baselines of equidistantly arranging, this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively;
Light receiver is configured to receive from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And
Moving part is configured in the time except image recording time this light receiver be moved on the optical axis of institute's emitted laser.
76. an electronic photographing device comprises:
Optical scanner, this optical scanner comprises:
Comprise respectively surface-emitting laser array by a plurality of surface emitting laser devices that form as the described surface emitting laser device of claim 63, wherein this surface emitting laser device is arranged in the respective quadrature crunode of many first baselines of equidistantly arranging and many second baselines of equidistantly arranging, this second baseline forms predetermined angular with this first baseline respectively;
Light receiver is configured to receive the part from this surface-emitting laser array emitted laser; And
The light guide portion is configured to this part of institute's emitted laser is guided to this light receiver.
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JP2006250384A JP5224155B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2006-09-15 Surface emitting laser element, surface emitting laser array including the same, image forming apparatus including surface emitting laser array, surface pickup laser element or optical pickup apparatus including surface emitting laser array, surface emitting laser element or surface emitting laser array An optical transmission module comprising: an optical transmission / reception module comprising a surface emitting laser element or a surface emitting laser array; and an optical communication system comprising a surface emitting laser element or a surface emitting laser array.
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WO2007089042A1 (en) 2007-08-09
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CN101741015B (en) 2012-05-23

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