CN101321548B - 自动可缩回的安全注射器 - Google Patents

自动可缩回的安全注射器 Download PDF

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CN101321548B
CN101321548B CN2006800347877A CN200680034787A CN101321548B CN 101321548 B CN101321548 B CN 101321548B CN 2006800347877 A CN2006800347877 A CN 2006800347877A CN 200680034787 A CN200680034787 A CN 200680034787A CN 101321548 B CN101321548 B CN 101321548B
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plunger
syringe
needle
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CN101321548A (zh
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林崔发
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Shandong Punuo Sen Medical Products Co.
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Maxxon Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/322—Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
    • A61M5/3234—Fully automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle does not require a deliberate action by the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/322—Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
    • A61M5/3234—Fully automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle does not require a deliberate action by the user
    • A61M2005/3239—Fully automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle does not require a deliberate action by the user triggered by dislodgement of outer part anchoring the needle portion to the inside of the syringe barrel wall, e.g. a ring-shaped portion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/322—Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
    • A61M5/3234—Fully automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle does not require a deliberate action by the user
    • A61M2005/3241—Needle retraction energy is accumulated inside of a hollow plunger rod
    • A61M2005/3242—Needle retraction by vacuum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/315—Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31511—Piston or piston-rod constructions, e.g. connection of piston with piston-rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/50—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
    • A61M5/508—Means for preventing re-use by disrupting the piston seal, e.g. by puncturing

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种可缩回针头注射器，包括：具有近端和远端的空心圆柱形针筒；可滑动地装配在所述针筒内的空心圆柱形柱塞；由针座垫圈可释放地固定在所述远端处的皮下注射针头；可滑动地装配在所述空心柱塞内的活塞；以及活塞锁，所述活塞锁在所述针筒的近端与针筒塞相接合，并且保持所述活塞以允许所述活塞在所述柱塞内的相对移动，其中，当柱塞被压下以注射液体时，柱塞在针筒内作轴向运动，活塞被活塞锁保持，造成柱塞和活塞之间相对移动，在活塞真空密封件和柱塞真空密封件之间产生真空，柱塞在完全压下的位置将针头底托从针筒的端部释放，真空将针头底托和针头推入空心柱塞。

Description

自动可缩回的安全注射器
技术领域
本发明总体涉及一次性皮下注射器。更特别地，本发明涉及一种安全注射器，其中，皮下注射针头在用过之后可缩回至注射器针筒内，以防止意外的针扎。最特别地，本发明涉及一种安全注射器，其中，柱塞运动在针筒内造成真空，使得该安全注射器在使用过后能自动缩回至针筒内。
背景技术
由于近来可由污染的皮下注射器感染的AIDS病毒的出现，一些可缩回的针头皮下注射器被发明和专利保护。在使用过后针头可缩回至针筒内，能够降低“针扎”或注射器使用过后对施予注射者的意外刺伤的风险。
现有技术公开了多种不同的能实现缩回的注射器。一些近来获得专利权的可缩回针头注射器包括美国专利4,692,156(Haller)；4,675,005(DeLuccia)；4,747,830(Gloyer，等人)；4,790,822(Haining)和4,950,251(Haining)。上述所有公开的注射器包括装配在可在针筒内滑动的座子上的皮下注射针头。在注射完成后，柱塞被锁定在该座子上并由于柱塞的退回而缩回至针筒内。上述注射器的一个缺点在于锁紧机构占据了注射器针筒内的一些空间，并可能阻碍柱塞将计量好的液体全部射出。该问题在非常小的注射器比如1cc结核菌素型注射器中会加剧。离开针筒的液体可能是所计量剂量的大部分。此外，1cc注射器针筒狭窄，使得设计与针筒配合而又不扩大太多针筒直径导致刻度无效的针头座和锁紧机构很困难。
随着第一个利用弹簧的释放将针头缩回针筒的注射器的出现，自动可缩回针头注射器变得越来越流行。这种类型的一个例子是美国专利5,885,257(Badger)。
用真空驱动的缩回机构在美国专利5,000,736(Kaufhold等人)和6,846,301(Smith等人)中公开。前者，在注射器装载时提供真空，该真空在破裂密封件时激活该机构。后者，当柱塞在针筒内运动时产生真空。第二个发明主要的缺点在于整个针筒必须是被抽空，从而施加在整个横截面的力相对较小。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种安全注射器，该安全注射器将其针头缩回至注射器针筒内以防止使用过的针头带来意外的针扎。可缩回的针头保护了多种人群，包括医疗保健工作者、他们的病人以及处理医疗废物的公共卫生工作者。本发明能防止或减少各种伤害，从小的皮肤破口到由药物处理，细菌或病毒导致的严重污染。该注射器优选是一种一次性的，单独使用的装置，并可具有多种不同的尺码和形状。依照本发明的注射器同样也能用于非医疗的应用，例如化学处理过程和/或分析应用。
一个优选的实施例包括可缩回的针头组件，其包括用于支撑皮下注射针头的针座以及基本呈管状的主体，该主体包括针筒，且用作盛装可注射或抽出液体的贮液器。针筒两端都开口，以在柱塞(近)端处收容柱塞(plunger)，以及在相反(远)端处收容针头。空心柱塞可滑动地装配在针筒内，并从柱塞端延伸以由使用者接合。在柱塞和针筒之间具有密封件，以防止空气进入或跑出柱塞周围的针筒，以及穿过柱塞端。一活塞(piston)可滑动地装配在柱塞内部，以使得柱塞进入填充位置的移动将活塞锁定在适当位置。在活塞和柱塞内部之间的密封件可防止空气或液体利用活塞而进入柱塞。当柱塞被压下以注射液体时，柱塞在针筒内作轴向运动，而活塞则是固定的。柱塞相对于活塞的相对轴向运动使得柱塞内形成真空。柱塞与针筒相比的相对较小的横截面产生了相对应的较大的真空力。柱塞在完全压下的位置将针头座子从针筒的端部释放，并且真空将针头座子和针头推入空心柱塞。
附图说明
图1是当注射器已装备就绪可以使用时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图；
图2是当柱塞缩回到“填充”位置时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图；
图3是当柱塞部分被压下时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图；
图4是当柱塞部分被压下时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图；
图5是较图3和图4柱塞进一步地被压下时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图；
图6是柱塞处于完全压下位置时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图；
图7是针头缩回至针筒内时的本发明优选实施例的侧视图。
具体实施方式
对优选实施例的详细描述，读者应结合附图，附图中相同部件被赋予相同的附图标记。这里示出了可缩回针头注射器，其在近端具有包括手指凸缘4a的针筒4，以及配置在远端的皮下注射针头5。在近端具有柱塞盖1和在远端外部周围具有柱塞密封件7的空心柱塞2可滑动地装配在针筒4内，其在远端可释放地装配有柱塞真空密封件10。针筒塞3固定在针筒4的近端，以阻止空气在柱塞2周围在近端处进入针筒。针座垫圈9围绕针头底托11，保留针头5和针头底托11在针筒4的远端。活塞6可滑动地装配在空心柱塞2内，其在远端具有活塞真空密封件8，在近端具有活塞锁6a。在柱塞真空密封件10上的螺纹套管10a适于接合到针头底托11近端内的腔12中。针座垫圈9能沿针头底托11轴向移动，越过肩部11a到达减少的横截面上，以从针筒4远端释放针头底托11和针头5。活塞锁6a伸出穿过空心柱塞2壁中的纵向槽6b，该槽从近端附近延伸至图1所示的锁6a所在的位置。
注射器以图1所示构造被安装，其中活塞锁6a位于针筒4内。如图2所示，当柱塞缩回以填充注射器时，活塞锁6a径向地通过槽6b而由针筒4延伸出来。如图3和图4所示，当柱塞2被压下时，活塞锁6a与柱塞3的上表面相接合。如图5和图6所示，当柱塞2进一步被压下时，活塞6通过活塞锁6a而保留在适当位置，这造成柱塞2和活塞6之间的相对移动，在活塞真空密封件8和柱塞真空密封件10之间产生真空。
如图6所示，使用之后和针头5从患者移出之后，柱塞2进一步被压下，柱塞的远端相对于针座垫圈9被按压，其移动针座垫圈9越过肩部11a至减少的横截面之上，并且从针筒4的远端释放针头底托11和针头5。螺纹套管10a接合腔12，进一步的压力使柱塞密封件10向上移动进入空心柱塞2以释放真空，以及将针头底托11、针头5和柱塞真空密封件10向上推入空心柱塞2，以将针头5从危险暴露的位置移开。
术语近和远具有以下含义：
近-朝向使用者或实施者；
远-朝向患者(或针头保持端)。
同样地，术语作为形容词可应用于注射器的任何部分。每一部分都具有近端和远端。
以解释和说明为目的，针对本发明具体优选实施例而进行了本发明前述的描述。很显然，在不脱离本发明范围和精神的前提下，本领域技术人员可作出该装置的多种修改和变型。因此这意味着以下的权利要求覆盖了落在权利要求所定义的范围之内的所有的等同变化和变型。

Claims (3)

1.一种可缩回针头注射器，包括：
具有近端和远端的空心圆柱形针筒；
位于所述针筒的近端的针筒塞；
可滑动地装配在所述针筒内的空心圆柱形柱塞；
装配在所述柱塞的远端的外表面上的柱塞真空密封件；
由针座垫圈可释放地固定在所述远端处的皮下注射针头；
用于保持所述皮下注射针头的针头底托；
可滑动地装配在所述空心柱塞内的活塞；
装配在所述活塞的远端的可滑动的活塞真空密封件；以及
活塞锁，所述活塞锁在所述针筒的近端与针筒塞相接合，并且保持所述活塞以允许所述活塞在所述柱塞内的相对移动，
其中，当柱塞被压下以注射液体时，柱塞在针筒内作轴向运动，活塞被活塞锁保持，造成柱塞和活塞之间相对移动，在活塞真空密封件和柱塞真空密封件之间产生真空，柱塞在完全压下的位置将针头底托从针筒的端部释放，真空将针头底托和针头推入空心柱塞。
2.如权利要求1所述的可缩回针头注射器，其中，所述针座垫圈贴合地安装于所述针头底托的近端的外表面和所述针筒的远端的内表面之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的可缩回针头注射器，其中，所述针头底托进一步包括朝所述远端的减小的横截面，并且所述针座垫圈能由所述柱塞的远端移动至所述减少的横截面上，以将所述皮下注射针头和针头底托从所述针筒的远端释放。
CN2006800347877A 2005-09-21 2006-09-20 自动可缩回的安全注射器 Expired - Fee Related CN101321548B (zh)

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US11/232,067 2005-09-21
US11/232,067 US7476215B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2005-09-21 Automatic retractable safety syringe
PCT/US2006/036949 WO2007035908A2 (en) 2005-09-21 2006-09-20 Automatic retractable safety syringe

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US20070066936A1 (en) 2007-03-22
EP1973588A2 (en) 2008-10-01
WO2007035908A3 (en) 2007-05-10
JP5025653B2 (ja) 2012-09-12
CA2624358A1 (en) 2007-03-29
WO2007035908A2 (en) 2007-03-29
AU2006292092A1 (en) 2007-03-29
JP2009508661A (ja) 2009-03-05
EP1973588A4 (en) 2012-11-07
TWI449550B (zh) 2014-08-21
CN101321548A (zh) 2008-12-10
US7476215B2 (en) 2009-01-13
AU2006292092B2 (en) 2013-07-04

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