CN101315345B - 一种无酶情况下检测葡萄糖浓度的修饰电极的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种无酶情况下检测葡萄糖浓度的修饰电极的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN101315345B
CN101315345B CN2008100455586A CN200810045558A CN101315345B CN 101315345 B CN101315345 B CN 101315345B CN 2008100455586 A CN2008100455586 A CN 2008100455586A CN 200810045558 A CN200810045558 A CN 200810045558A CN 101315345 B CN101315345 B CN 101315345B
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张云
王晓燕
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无酶情况下检测葡萄糖浓度的修饰电极的制备方法及应用,首先将碳纳米管修饰在玻碳电极的表面,再通过循环伏安法将铁氰酸镍电化学沉积在碳纳米管修饰的电极表面,得到碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍复合修饰的修饰电极;该修饰电极在无酶情况下对葡萄糖溶液有良好的响应,其对葡萄糖浓度检测下限是1.6×10-6mol/L;当葡萄糖浓度在3.32×10-6M/L~4.95×10-3M mol/L范围内时,所得的响应电流与葡萄糖的浓度有良好的线性关系,并且所制备电极有良好的抗干扰性能。

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一种无酶情况下检测葡萄糖浓度的修饰电极的制备方法及应用
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种电极的制备方法,特别是涉及一种无酶情况下检测葡萄糖浓度的修饰电极的制备方法及应用,属于公共卫生领域。
二、技术背景
糖尿病是世界性的多发病和常见病,随着人们生活水平的提高和老年人口的增多,其发病率呈明显上升趋势。全世界约有两亿多病人,已成为全球性的卫生保健问题,并严重地威胁着人类的健康,成为仅次于心血管病、癌症的第三大危险疾病。我国现今约有5000万病人。因而,糖尿病的诊断和治疗不仅是我国也是全世界医学界面临的重大课题。
为了满足临床医学研究所需要的自动、迅速和精确测量葡萄糖的浓度的要求,迄今为止,有许多方法可用于葡萄糖的鉴定和浓度监测分析。其中研究最多的是葡萄糖电化学生物传感器。目前商业化葡萄糖传感器基本上都是采用酶致变色的方法,其测量精确度不高。传感器发展的一个趋势就是微型化、小型化,而葡萄糖传感器响应值不高困扰着其微型化发展。目前传感器的稳定性差、线性范围窄、体液中其它化学物质的干扰较大等因素限制了电流式葡萄糖生物传感器的产业化。而且,所用的葡萄糖氧化酶价格比较昂贵,且容易受温度、酸碱度等环境因素的影响,因此新型葡萄糖传感器的研发,特别是能在无酶的条件下对葡萄糖进行检测的电极有着重要的现实意义。
三、发明目的
针对现有葡萄糖传感器采用酶致变色的方法,且存在着葡萄糖氧化酶价格比较昂贵,且容易受温度、酸碱度等环境因素的影响,以及测量精确度不高等不足,本发明的目的是通过碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍复合修饰制备一种能在无酶的条件下对葡萄糖浓度进行检测的修饰电极。
四、发明内容
本发明的内容主要为:
该修饰电极的制备通过以下步骤依次进行:
1.将管径30-50纳米,纯度>95%,长度为15微米的多壁碳纳米管在高温炉中于300℃~600℃下保温1~3小时.然后于混酸(浓H2SO4∶浓HNO3=1∶2~4∶1)中超声搅拌均匀后即得到功能化的多壁碳纳米管。
2.将纯化后的碳纳米管溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中超声分散,再取1~100微升该分散液滴涂在玻碳电极的表面,自然晾干,得到碳纳米管修饰的电极。
3.采用三电极系统,以碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极为工作电极,以铂电极为对电极,以银/氯化银电极为参比电极,通过循环伏安法将铁氰酸镍电化学沉积在碳纳米管修饰电极的表面。其中电解质溶液的组成为:0.1~10mmol/L的铁氰化钾(K3[Fe(CN)6]),0.02~0.05mol/L的氯化钾(KCl),0.5~2mmol/L的氯化镍(NiCl2);电化学沉积的电位范围为-0.1V-1.0V,扫描圈数为1~1000圈。
4.扫描完成后,将电极从电解质溶液中取出晾干后即得碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍复合修饰的修饰电极。
修饰电极对葡萄糖浓度的检测:以0.2~2mol/L NaOH或KOH为底液,以所制备的修饰电极为工作电极,采用循环伏安法和电流时间法对葡萄糖溶液浓度进行检测;检测电位为0.5V,葡萄糖浓度在3.32×10-6~4.95×10-6mol/L范围内时,所得的响应信号与葡萄糖的浓度存在良好的线性关系,其相关系数为R=0.99,检测葡萄糖浓度的下限是1.6×10-6mol/L。
修饰电极对葡萄糖检测时的抗干扰性能测试:以所制备的复合修饰电极为工作电极,采用循环伏安法和电流时间法对葡萄糖溶液中的常见干扰物质抗坏血酸,膀胱酸及尿酸与葡萄糖进行对比测试,几种干扰物质对所制备修饰电极的响应信号不到葡萄糖对所制备修饰电极响应信号的1‰,因此,所制备修饰电极具有良好的抗干扰性能。
五、效果
本发明的优点在于:
1.将改性碳纳米管修饰到玻碳电极后,一方面利用碳纳米管比表面积大的特点增大了电极表面的导电面积,另一方面碳纳米管具有高的活性导电性能,这两者均有利于铁氰酸镍在碳纳米管修饰电极表面的电化学沉积;实验证明,修饰碳纳米管后,电极的响应电流提高3倍以上。
2.将碳纳米管修饰后的电极,再通过电化学沉积将铁氰酸镍修饰到电极表面;一方面,通过电化学沉积方法使铁氰酸镍附着在碳纳米管和电极的表面形成薄膜,而且碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍之间形成键合,从而使碳纳米管与玻碳电极之间原有的物理修饰转变为电化学修饰,因此修饰层比单纯的碳纳米管修饰更加牢固;另一方面,由于先修饰了碳纳米管,增大了电极的比表面积,因此与未修饰碳纳米管的玻碳电极相比,在相同的电化学电位下,可制备厚度更薄,附着性更好的铁氰酸镍修饰薄膜。
3.本发明利用铁氰酸镍修饰层中元素镍在无酶的条件下与葡萄糖分子间的电化学反应对葡萄糖浓度进行检测,克服了原有酶电极受温度、湿度等环境因素影响而精确度不高、寿命短等不足。
4.本发明通过碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍的复合修饰,提高了电极的响应电流,从而降低了葡萄糖的检测限,可以对1.6×10-6mol/L的低浓度葡萄糖进行检测。
六、实施例
下面为本发明的一个实施例,需要指出实施例仅是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例:
1.将管径30-50纳米,纯度>95%,长度为15微米的多壁碳纳米管在高温炉中于600℃下保温1小时.然后于混酸(浓H2SO4∶浓HNO3=2∶1)中超声搅拌均匀后得到功能化的多壁碳纳米管。
2.将纯化后的碳纳米管溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中超声分散,再取20微升该分散液滴涂在玻碳电极的表面,自然晾干,得到碳纳米管修饰电极。
3.采用三电极系统,以碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极为工作电极,以铂电极为对电极,以Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,通过循环伏安法将铁氰酸镍电化学沉积在碳纳米管修饰电极的表面。其中电解质溶液的组成为:2mmol/L的铁氰化钾(K3[Fe(CN)6]),0.02mol/L的氯化钾(KCl),1mmol/L的氯化镍(NiCl2);电化学沉积的电位范围为-0.1V-1.0V;扫描圈数为100圈。
4.扫描完成后,将电极从电解质中取出自然晾干后即得碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍复合修饰的复合修饰电极。
5.复合修饰电极对葡萄糖的检测:以1mol/L NaOH为底液,以所制备的复合修饰电极为工作电极,采用通用的循环伏安法和电流时间法对葡萄糖溶液进行检测;检测电位为0.5V,葡萄糖浓度在3.32×10-6~4.95×10-6mol/L范围内时,所得的响应信号与葡萄糖的浓度存在良好的线性关系,其相关系数为R=0.99,检测葡萄糖的下限是1.6×10-6mol/L。
6.复合修饰电极对葡萄糖的检测时抗干扰性能测试:以所制备的复合修饰电极为工作电极,采用循环伏安法和电流时间法对葡萄糖溶液中的常见干扰物质抗坏血酸与葡萄糖进行对比测试,抗坏血酸对所制备修饰电极的响应信号不到葡萄糖对所制备修饰电极响应信号的1‰,因此,所制备电极具有良好的抗干扰性能。

Claims (2)

1.一种无酶情况下检测葡萄糖浓度的修饰电极的制备方法,其特征在于,将管径30-50纳米,纯度>95%,长度为15微米的多壁碳纳米管在高温炉中于300℃~600℃下保温1~3小时,然后于混酸中超声搅拌均匀后得到功能化的多壁碳纳米管,其中混酸组成为:浓H2SO4∶浓HNO3=1∶2~4∶1;将纯化后的多壁碳纳米管溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中超声分散,再取1~100微升该分散液滴涂在玻碳电极的表面,自然晾干,得到碳纳米管修饰的修饰电极;通过循环伏安法将铁氰酸镍电化学沉积在碳纳米管修饰后的修饰电极的表面;其中电解质溶液的组成为:0.1~10mmol/L的铁氰化钾,0.02~0.05mol/L的氯化钾,0.5~2mmol/L的氯化镍;电化学沉积的电位范围为-0.1V-1.0V,扫描圈数为1~1000圈;扫描完成后,将修饰电极从电解质溶液中取出晾干后即得碳纳米管和铁氰酸镍复合修饰的修饰电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法制备的修饰电极在无酶条件下检测葡萄糖浓度的方法,其特征在于以0.2~2mol/L NaOH或KOH溶液为底液。
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