CN101311626B - Integral fluid bed ash cooler - Google Patents
Integral fluid bed ash cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN101311626B CN101311626B CN2007101266905A CN200710126690A CN101311626B CN 101311626 B CN101311626 B CN 101311626B CN 2007101266905 A CN2007101266905 A CN 2007101266905A CN 200710126690 A CN200710126690 A CN 200710126690A CN 101311626 B CN101311626 B CN 101311626B
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Abstract
An integral fluidized bed bottom ash cooler used in a fluidized bed boiler, in particular to be used in a circulating fluidized bed boiler, adopts at least two fluidized bed areas which are arranged in series along a solid particle flow path. Each area is provided with fluidized equipment and a first area along the solid particle flow path is separated from the back area by a doorsill. The first area is provided with a device used for measuring the bed temperatures of the part near the fluidized equipment and a higher part in the fluidized bed; the device is also used for moving away the overlarge bed materials from the first area, which can promote the cleaning of ash, at the same time, can reduce the possibility of clogging in the working process to minimum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of fluid bed ash cooler, relate in particular to a kind of integral fluid bed ash cooler, it drops in the stifled grey possibility with run duration and has promoted grey removing in minimum.
Background technology
Fluid bed bottom ash cooler is widely used in fluidized bed combustion.The bottom ash that fluidized bed combustor is discharged has great amount of heat.The heat that discharges in the bottom ash can reduce the temperature of ash, so helps their carrying and processing.In order to improve the overall thermal efficiency of fluidized bed combustion equipment, the heat that reclaims in the bottom ash also is desirable.The fluidisation of ash has been strengthened the heat transmission between ash and the cooling medium widely in the ash cooler, and this makes the size of ash cooler be able to reduce.
The typical existing fluid bed bottom ash cooler that is used for recirculating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is shown in Fig. 1,2,3 and 4.Fig. 1 and 2 has described a kind of typical fluid bed bottom ash cooler 10, and it is arranged on Fire-resistant cabinet or enclosure, and is supported on the position of Keep away from boiler structural steel.In some cases, shown in Fig. 3 and 4, ash cooler 10 is arranged in liquid cooling (being typically water and/or the steam cooled) shell that is formed by membrane type tube wall plate.In the design of these two kinds of fluid bed ash coolers 10, fluid bed ash cooler 10 is still the structure that was arranged in 20 minutes with the CFB stove, and is supported on the position of Keep away from boiler structural steel independently.Shown in Fig. 1-4, need the ash of cooling to move to fluid bed ash cooler 10 via the air auxiliary tube 30 that is connected between CFB stove 20 and ash cooler 10 bottoms from CFB stove 20.Ash is generally used in ash cooler 10 inside from the fluidization air of the bottom supply of the shell that surrounds ash cooler 10 and is carried out fluidisation, and no matter its shell is refractory-lined or water-cooled.The cooling of ash cooler 10 inner ashes is accomplished than the heat exchange between cold air and the hot ash through (relatively) that be used for fluidisation.Heated subsequently air is sent CFB stove 20 back to by the pipe 40 that is connected to ash cooler 10 tops.The ash that is cooled is then discharged by the ash releasing tube (not shown) of ash cooler 10 bottoms.Ash cooler 10 can comprise the heat absorption surface, is generally water-cooled tube bank 50, is arranged on the inside of the fluidisation ash bed of installing in the ash cooler 10.In this case, move to the cooling water and the absorption of air that infeeds ash cooler 10 main fluidizing agent effects that a large amount of heats the hot bottom ash of ash cooler 10 will be restrained circulation in 50 by water-cooled from CFB stove 20.
Because existing ash cooler provides necessary ash cooling and improves boiler efficiency to steam generator system through returning the heat that from bottom ash, absorbs; Therefore existing ash cooler has several shortcomings; Comprise: complicated supporting construction; Need the high temperature expansion joint to adapt to the different heat expansion between ash cooler and the stove, and from the complexity of stove to ash cooler trasfer of solids particle.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome these shortcomings, and other advantage is provided, and has reduced size, weight and the cost of ash cooler simultaneously.
Therefore, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fluid bed ash cooler from the bottom ash solid particle of fluid bed furnace discharge that is used to cool off.This fluid bed ash cooler comprises at least two fluidized bed regions that are provided with along the series connection of solid particle flow path, and each zone all has fluidizer.Separate with the zone of threshold (threshold) with the back along the first area in solid particle path, this first area has and is used to measure near the fluidizer in the position and fluid bed the more device of the bed temperature of high position.Also be provided with the device that is used for removing oversize bed material from the first area.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the assembly of a kind of fluid bed furnace with leg and the fluid bed ash cooler of the bottom ash solid particle that is used for going out from the cooling bed fire grate, the wherein mutual shared common wall of fluid bed furnace and ash cooler.In this assembly, fluid bed ash cooler comprises at least two fluidized bed regions that are provided with along the series connection of solid particle flow path, and each zone all has fluidizer.First area along the solid particle path separates with the zone of threshold with the back.This first area has and is used to measure near the fluidizer in the position and fluid bed the more device of the bed temperature of high position.Also be provided with the device that is used for removing oversize bed material from the first area.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the integral fluid bed ash cooler of a kind of simplicity of design, heavy building and low cost of manufacture.
The various novel features that characterize characteristics of the present invention are pointed out in additional claim especially, and are formed a part of this disclosure.In order to understand the operation advantage that obtains in the present invention and the use thereof better, with reference to accompanying drawing and illustrative contents, they form a part of this disclosure, and have wherein described the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing constitutes the part of this specification, and identical Reference numeral is represented identical or corresponding part shown in the figure, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the side schematic sectional view with known fluid bed ash cooler of refractory liner exterior wall;
Fig. 2 is the front view along the fluid bed ash cooler shown in Figure 1 of arrow 2-2 direction intercepting among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is another side schematic sectional view with known fluid bed ash cooler of liquid cooling membrane type exterior wall;
Fig. 4 is the front view along the fluid bed ash cooler shown in Figure 3 of arrow 4-4 direction intercepting among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the side schematic sectional view according to the integral fluid bed ash cooler of of the present invention and the adjacent setting of CFB stove outer covering;
Fig. 6 is the sectional view along the integral fluid bed ash cooler of the present invention of arrow 6-6 direction intercepting among Fig. 7;
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional plan view along the integral fluid bed ash cooler shown in Figure 6 of arrow 7-7 direction intercepting among Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the zoomed-in view that is expressed as 8 circle portion among Fig. 6, has described the upper bond place of integral fluid bed ash cooler shown in Figure 6 and CFB stove outer covering front wall;
Fig. 9 is the local close-up view in side of version of first embodiment of integral fluid bed ash cooler shown in Figure 6, and wherein at least a portion is immersed in the circulation line that the CFB boiler is incorporated in tube bank in the fluid bed of integral fluid bed ash cooler into; And
Figure 10 is the sectional view according to second embodiment of integral fluid bed ash cooler of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, especially with reference to figure 5-9, first embodiment of the integral fluid bed ash cooler that common usefulness 100 according to the present invention representes has been described, wherein all the same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings is represented identical or intimate element.
As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, integral fluid bed ash cooler 100 is set to have a part of recirculating fluidized bed (CFB) stove 110 of furnace wall 120.As shown in Figure 6, ash cooler 100 is preferably formed by membrane type tube wall plate 130, and a membrane type tube wall plate 130 wherein is parts of one of furnace wall 120.Although fluid bed furnace 110 all uses this membrane wall structure with fluid bed ash cooler 100 probably, also possibly all use the leg of non-cooling to construct with fluid bed furnace 110 by ash cooler 100.The principle of the invention also is suitable for this structure.
In a preferred embodiment, all furnace walls 120 are included in the circulation line of stove 110 with membrane type tube wall plate 130.As with the furnace wall 120 of the shared common wall of ash cooler 100 on have two openings at least.Following inlet port 150 is provided with the device of the heat ash being carried or is conveyed into ash cooler 100 from CFB stove 110.Last outlet 160 is provided with the device of hot-air (or other fluidisation and cooling medium) being sent back to CFB stove 110 from ash cooler 100.Fluidizing agent from air compartment 170 via fluidizer for example bubble-cap 180 be conducted to ash cooler 100.Bubble-cap 180 is provided with the device of fluidization solid particle, and " position " of this fluidizer confirmed by the position of the tap of carrying fluidizing agent in the bubble-cap of granular bed basically.
According to the present invention, cooling medium circulation in the leg 120 of fluid bed furnace 110 and fluid bed ash cooler 100.In one embodiment, cooling medium flowing in common wall mainly is upwelling, and cooling medium flowing in all the other legs 130 of fluidized bed cooler 100 mainly is sinking.Advantageously, cooling medium is at least a in water and water and the vapour mixture.As stated, common wall has two openings, and upper shed 160 is used for discharging the hot-fluid medium to fluid bed furnace 110 from fluid bed ash cooler 100, and under shed 150 is used for transmitting the bottom ash solid particle to fluid bed ash cooler 100 from fluid bed furnace 110.
As shown in Figure 7, the dividing plate 190 that is immersed in the grey fluid bed 200 makes the fluidisation ash particle run to outlet 210 along the winding raod footpath from following inlet port 150.All ash particles that this helps to guarantee have time enough to be used to cool off and infeeds ash cooler 100.From the bottom ash velocity of discharge of opening 210 by feedway (like 215 expressions Figure 10), for example auger conveyor control, this feedway is operation continuously as required usually, thereby discharge bottom ash from stove 110.If desired, air compartment 170 (not shown among Fig. 7) can be separated, and to be provided for the device of the flow of the fluidizing agent of control inflow ash particle fluid bed 200 zoness of different separately, these zones can be limited on dividing plate 190.In addition, if desired, the zones of different of fluid bed 200 can infeed different fluidizing agents; For example can flue gas be provided to contiguous one or several special area 220 of inlet port 150 down, be favourable and to other zone of fluid bed 200 air is provided.This flexibility has stoped the burning of unburned carbon in the bottom ash, and not so this thing can particularly take place under the for example anthracitic situation of burning low activity fuel.Be used to prevent that other means that high temperature appears in first area (zone that possibly occur burning) from can comprise in this regional fluid bed sprays water.Spraying water is used to reduce bed temperature in the fluid bed usually to desired value, especially useful for the oversize bottom ash material of discharging through opening 225 from the first area.
Height at any given time fluid bed 200 will compensate the pressure reduction between opening 150 and 160, and the pressure reduction between the opening 150 and 160 is then confirmed by the pressure distribution in the CFB stove 110.Membrane type tube wall plate 130 partly or entirely covers to prevent corrosion with refractory material 230.The CFB furnace wall 120 of refractory material 240 protection CFB stoves 110 bottoms.If desired, supplying has the tube bank 250 of cooling medium can be provided with and be immersed in the fluid bed 200, to replenish the heat that absorbs in the hot ash.Partly or entirely the cooling medium of transmission can be provided by different sources of supply in the tube bank 250, the water of for example boiler feedwater, external source or steam (circulation line of CFB stove or boiler relatively).A preferred embodiment of the present invention is partly restrained 250 to the major general and is incorporated in the CFB boiler circulation line, shown in Fig. 8 and 9.As shown in Figure 8, the part pipe of the membrane type tube wall plate 130 of formation ash cooler 100 is at the pipe jointing of " T " section and formation CFB furnace wall 120.As shown in Figure 9, the part pipe that forms the membrane type tube wall plate 130 of ash cooler 100 constitutes the part of independent fluid circuit, and cooling medium is provided by influent header 132 in this independent fluid circuit, and after the pipe in the plate 130 flows into outlet header 134.Advantageously, in this case mobile will mainly be sinking, and influent header 132 is provided with than outlet header 134 height.
Shown in Fig. 6 and 7, the solid particle in the CFB stove 110 is from air compartment 260 fluidisation tempestuously under the effect of the air that bubble-cap 270 infeeds.Ash particle is fluidisation in ash cooler 100 also, and these two fluid beds are separated by common wall 120.The size of suitable following inlet port 150 and geometry will be guaranteed 100 the steady flow from CFB stove 110 to ash cooler of bottom ash particle.Interrupt fluidizing agent contiguous inlet port 150 down to ash cooler 100 in zone 220 flow will stop effectively solid particle from CFB stove 110 to ash cooler 100 mobile.
As the recirculating fluidized bed field the technical staff knew, burnt fuel possibly comprise stone or during burning, form agglomerate in recirculating fluidized bed.These stones or agglomerate fluidisation reliably in the CFB stove is because have in the stove than higher gas flow rate.Yet the speed of the fluidizing agent in the ash cooler is generally than being several times lower than in the CFB stove, so that not enough so that those stones or agglomerate fluidisation reliably.In this case, will occur the phenomenon that coarse granule is piled up in the ash cooler, thereby result in blockage, finally out of service.
For fear of this problem, as according to of the present invention shown in Figure 10, the contiguous first area 220 of inlet port 150 down is provided with the solid particle outlet 225 of itself.Coarse granule for example stone or agglomerate sinks to the bottom of this first area 220 easily, and they will be discharged in time therefrom, discharges through feedway 215 to outlet 210 and final and need not pass whole ash cooler 100.Because coarse grained little through the compare overall flow rate of bottom ash of amount, the cinder particle usually will cooling fully in the process that they move downward along the bubble-cap 180 of first area 220, thereby transports through feedway 215.Yet, if necessary, can for example install that water spout device 310 provides extra cooling by other, water spout device 310 can be used for these cinder particles before outlet 225 is discharged and is removed by feedway 300 to they water sprays.Water spout device 320 can be used for cooling off the bottom ash in the first area 220 equally.At last, water spout device 330 also can replenish cooling to bottom ash before bottom ash is removed through outlet 210 discharges and by feedway 215.
Shown in wherein, be called the creation of " threshold " T between the first area 220 that a key character of the present invention is a fluid bed ash cooler 100 and the zone 220 of back, be used to stop the downstream area of thick bottom ash particle 220 entering back from the first area.Therefore, have two fluidized bed regions at least along bottom ash solid particle flow path arranged in series, each zone 220 all comprises fluidizer, for example forms the row's bubble-cap 180 that distributes grate, is used to the bottom ash solid particle fluidizing agent is provided.First area 220 usefulness threshold T along the solid particle path separate with zone at the back.In one embodiment, threshold is made up of the wall (for example dividing plate 190) with hole 280 and edge 290 above the fluidizer that is arranged on first area 220.In another embodiment, the function of threshold is through being provided with the fluidizers 180 in the first area 220 to such an extent that hang down than the fluidizer 180 of back region 220 and realize.
Another method of strengthening coarse grained separation in first area 220 and improving the overall reliability of ash cooler 100 is: keep fluidizing velocities in the first area 220 and be lower than the fluidizing velocity in the zone, back (downstream) 220 of ash cooler 100.Fluidizing velocity is high more, and the grain fluidized possibility of given size is big more, and the possibility of sedimentation is more little.Therefore, the ash particle that does not sink in the first area 220 will be in other downstream area 220 of ash cooler 100 fluidisation reliably.
Fluidizing agent with controlled velocity send into ash cooler 100 each the zone 220, in each zone, to keep desirable fluidizing velocity.In order to keep preset fluidizing velocity, the mass flow in specific ash cooler zone 220 is regulated according to the bed temperature in this zone automatically.For example, the mass flow that will cause infeeding this regional fluidizing agent that raises of the bed temperature in zone reduces, thus the fluidizing agent specific volume that compensation increases.
Therefore should be appreciated that, the relative prior art ash cooler of integral fluid bed ash cooler according to the present invention be designed with several advantages.For example,, process, always the wall temperature of ash cooler 100 and thermal expansion will change with the CFB stove so by the membrane type tube wall plate of incorporating in the CFB boiler circulation line if ash cooler 100 leg pictographs become all plates of CFB furnace wall the same.So just need on the pipeline between ash cooler 100 and the CFB stove, the high temperature expansion joint be set, thereby simplify design, reduce maintenance frequency, improve the reliability of ash cooler 100.Through the part of assembling section CFB furnace wall, simplified the overall size and the weight of ash cooler 100 and supporting construction thereof widely, and further reduced cost as ash cooler 100 shells.Use the air auxiliary tube of simple opening rather than prior art that ash is transported to the reliability that ash cooler 100 has also improved ash cooler 100 from the CFB stove, reduced its maintenance frequency.The cooling of the bottom ash of the fuel of next self-contained stone or formation agglomerate and removing can realize through discharging coarse granule from the first area of ash cooler 100 reliably.The low fluidizing agent speed of keeping in ash cooler 100 first areas can be strengthened coarse grained separation.
Although in order to explain that the application of the principles of the present invention at length shows and described specific embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by a person skilled in the art that under the situation that does not break away from these principles, the form of the invention that can contain with following claim modifies.For example, the present invention can be used to construct new circulating fluid bed reactor or burner, perhaps is used for displacement, repairs or improves existing circulating fluid bed reactor or burner.In some embodiments of the invention, some characteristics of invention can be used under the situation of not using corresponding further feature.Therefore, all these variations and embodiment fall into the scope of following claim fully.
Claims (13)
1. one kind is used to cool off the fluid bed ash cooler from the bottom ash solid particle of fluid bed furnace discharge, comprising:
At least two fluidized bed regions along solid particle flow path series connection setting; Each zone all has fluidizer; First area along the solid particle path separates with the zone of threshold with the back, and this first area has the first bed temperature (T that is used to measure near the position of fluidizer
1) and fluid bed in the second bed temperature (T of high position more
2) thermocouple assembly, and detect to stagnate by thermocouple assembly the bed material and above fluidized bed material between the temperature difference (T
2-T
1) time be used for removing the device of oversize bed material from the first area, it is long-pending that this temperature difference representes that the bed stockpile appears in the bottom, first area.
2. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, threshold is formed by the wall of top edge above the fluidizer of first area.
3. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, threshold is provided with to such an extent that form than the hanging down of fluidizer of back region through the height with the fluidizer in the first area.
4. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the first area is not immersed in the heat absorption surface in the fluid bed.
5. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is included in to reduce in the first area said first or the device of second bed temperature when said first or second bed temperature surpasses preset value.
6. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 5 is characterized in that, this reduce said first or the device of second bed temperature comprise the device of in fluid bed, spraying water.
7. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the device of the expectation fluidizing velocity of keeping the fluidizing agent in each zone.
8. fluid bed ash cooler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises being used for the device of the flow of the fluidizing agent of control inflow fluid bed zones of different separately, and the fluidizing velocity that is used to keep in the first area is lower than the fluidizing velocity in the back region.
9. the assembly of fluid bed furnace with leg and the fluid bed ash cooler that is used to cool off the bottom ash solid particle of discharging from fluid bed furnace, the mutual shared common wall of fluid bed furnace and ash cooler, fluid bed ash cooler comprises:
At least two fluidized bed regions along solid particle flow path series connection setting; Each zone all has fluidizer; First area along the solid particle path separates with the zone of threshold with the back, and this first area has the first bed temperature (T that is used to measure near the position of fluidizer
1) and fluid bed in the second bed temperature (T of high position more
2) thermocouple assembly, and detect to stagnate by thermocouple assembly the bed material and above fluidized bed material between the temperature difference (T
2-T
1) time be used for removing the device of oversize bed material from the first area, it is long-pending that this temperature difference representes that the bed stockpile appears in the bottom, first area.
10. assembly according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the leg of fluid bed ash cooler and fluid bed furnace is processed with membrane type tube wall plate.
11. assembly according to claim 10; It is characterized in that; Cooling medium circulates in the leg of fluid bed furnace and fluid bed ash cooler; And wherein cooling medium flowing in common wall mainly is upwelling, and cooling medium flowing in all the other legs of fluidized bed cooler mainly is sinking.
12. assembly according to claim 11 is characterized in that, cooling medium is at least a in water and water and the vapour mixture.
13. assembly according to claim 9; It is characterized in that; Common wall has two openings, and a upper shed is used for the hot-fluid medium is entered fluid bed furnace from fluid bed ash cooler, and a under shed is used for the bottom ash solid particle is sent into fluid bed ash cooler from fluid bed furnace.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101266905A CN101311626B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Integral fluid bed ash cooler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101266905A CN101311626B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Integral fluid bed ash cooler |
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| CN101311626A CN101311626A (en) | 2008-11-26 |
| CN101311626B true CN101311626B (en) | 2012-03-14 |
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| CN2007101266905A Active CN101311626B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Integral fluid bed ash cooler |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102901092B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2016-04-13 | 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 | For the air-cooled slag-discharge pipe of Small and Medium Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler |
| EP2884169B1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-07-27 | Doosan Lentjes GmbH | Fluidized bed apparatus |
| JP6928544B2 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-09-01 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Fluidized bed monitoring method and equipment |
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