CN101308086A - Method and device for online detection of fruit internal quality based on near-infrared spectroscopy - Google Patents
Method and device for online detection of fruit internal quality based on near-infrared spectroscopy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种水果内部品质的在线检测及其装置。所说的检测方法是，对待测水果进行光谱扫描，采集待测水果近红外光谱；将获得的光谱信号并代入预先建立的模型，得出被检测水果的内部品质指标。其检测装置包括光谱采集装置和计算机；其中，光谱采集装置，用于对待测水果进行光谱扫描，采集待测水果近红外光谱信号传输到计算机；计算机，用于将接收到的光谱信号代入预先建立的模型，进行数据分析，得出被检测水果的内部品质指标。本发明将基于近红外的光学检测手段应用于水果内部品质的检测过程中，既可以解放劳动力、又具有检测精度高、结果一致性好和自动化程度强等优点，为水果产品内部品质标准化分级创造了条件。
The invention relates to an online detection of fruit internal quality and a device thereof. The detection method is to scan the spectrum of the fruit to be tested and collect the near-infrared spectrum of the fruit to be tested; the obtained spectral signal is substituted into a pre-established model to obtain the internal quality index of the fruit to be tested. Its detection device includes a spectrum acquisition device and a computer; wherein, the spectrum acquisition device is used to perform spectral scanning on the fruit to be tested, and collects the near-infrared spectrum signal of the fruit to be tested and transmits it to the computer; the computer is used to substitute the received spectral signal into the pre-established The model is used to analyze the data to obtain the internal quality index of the tested fruit. The present invention applies near-infrared-based optical detection means to the detection process of fruit internal quality, which can not only liberate the labor force, but also has the advantages of high detection accuracy, good result consistency and strong automation, creating a new era for the standardized grading of the internal quality of fruit products. conditions.
Description
所属技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种针对水果内部品质的检测方法，特指基于近红外光谱的水果内部品质在线检测方法及其装置。The invention relates to a detection method for the internal quality of fruits, in particular to an online detection method and a device for the internal quality of fruits based on near-infrared spectroscopy.
背景技术 Background technique
我国是世界水果生产大国，品种资源丰富，近几年来产量稳居世界第一位。但在国际市场上和发达国家相比，无论是水果的出口量还是水果的纵深加工均尚有一定的差距，其主要原因在于水果商品化程度不高、内部品质参差不齐。例如同一批水果的口感和风味就存在着较大差异，它们的硬度、固形物含量和糖酸比等指标没有控制在标准之内。因此，有必要对水果内部品质指标进行量化，为水果产品内部品质标准化分级创造条件。my country is a big fruit producing country in the world, rich in varieties and resources, and its output has ranked first in the world in recent years. However, compared with developed countries in the international market, there is still a certain gap in both the export volume of fruit and the depth of fruit processing. The main reason is that the degree of fruit commercialization is not high and the internal quality is uneven. For example, there are big differences in the taste and flavor of the same batch of fruits, and their hardness, solid content, sugar-acid ratio and other indicators are not controlled within the standard. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the internal quality indicators of fruits to create conditions for the standardized classification of internal quality of fruit products.
目前，大多数水果内部品质的质量检测仍然沿用人工感官评定方法和常规化学分析方法。常规化学分析具有较高的准确度和可靠性，但是，其属于破坏性检测，检测时间长这些决不适合农产品品质的在线检测。而人工检测通常是由训练有素、经验丰富的专家经过感官评定来完成，检测结果主观性强、一致性差；同时人工检测劳动强度大，尤其对于保存期短、易变质的水果而言，它远远不能满足农产品流通过程中的快速检测要求。At present, the quality inspection of the internal quality of most fruits still uses artificial sensory evaluation methods and conventional chemical analysis methods. Conventional chemical analysis has high accuracy and reliability, however, it is a destructive detection, and the detection time is long, which is by no means suitable for the online detection of the quality of agricultural products. However, manual testing is usually done by well-trained and experienced experts through sensory evaluation, and the test results are highly subjective and poor in consistency; at the same time, manual testing is labor-intensive, especially for short-term and perishable fruits. It is far from meeting the rapid detection requirements in the circulation process of agricultural products.
近红外光谱分析技术具有无污染、低消耗、非破坏性，可以实现对多组分同时测定及分析速度快等优点。利用近红外光谱分析技术进行农产品的无损检测已有较多的研究应用，如测定西瓜、梨等水果的成熟度、硬度等内部品质。目前研究中，水果内部品质检测主要还是静态的，该方法不能满足水果内部品质的在线检测要求。基于近红外的水果内部品质的在线检测已具备可靠的理论基础，但是该技术仅停留在实验室研究阶段。因此有必要研制出一种基于近红外光谱分析技术的水果内部品质检测装置，以满足水果深加工技术的规模化发展。Near-infrared spectral analysis technology has the advantages of no pollution, low consumption, non-destructive, simultaneous determination of multiple components and fast analysis speed. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technology for non-destructive testing of agricultural products has been used in many research applications, such as the determination of the internal quality of watermelon, pear and other fruits such as maturity and hardness. In the current research, the detection of fruit internal quality is mainly static, and this method cannot meet the online detection requirements of fruit internal quality. The online detection of fruit internal quality based on near-infrared has a reliable theoretical basis, but this technology only stays in the laboratory research stage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fruit internal quality detection device based on near-infrared spectral analysis technology to meet the large-scale development of fruit deep processing technology.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术发展情况，本发明的目的就是要提供一种针对水果内部品质的近红外光谱在线检测方法及其装置。通过对待测水果进行近红外光谱扫描，由检测器将接受的光谱信号传入电脑，然后将这些含有待检测水果的内部品质特征信息的光谱信号代入已建立的相关模型，可以计算得到被检测水果的糖度和酸度等相关水果内部品质指标，以实现水果内部品质的在线检测。In view of the development of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a near-infrared spectrum online detection method and device for the internal quality of fruits. By scanning the near-infrared spectrum of the fruit to be tested, the detector transmits the received spectral signal to the computer, and then substitutes these spectral signals containing the internal quality characteristic information of the fruit to be tested into the established correlation model, and the detected fruit can be calculated. Related fruit internal quality indicators such as sugar content and acidity, in order to realize online detection of fruit internal quality.
本发明所说的的水果内部品质的近红外光谱检测方法是，对待测水果进行光谱扫描，采集待测水果近红外光谱；将获得的光谱信号并代入预先建立的模型，计算出被检测水果的内部品质指标。The near-infrared spectrum detection method of the said fruit internal quality in the present invention is to carry out spectral scanning on the fruit to be tested, and collect the near-infrared spectrum of the fruit to be tested; and substitute the obtained spectral signal into a pre-established model to calculate the internal quality indicators.
一种实现上述检测方法的检测装置，包括光谱采集装置和计算机；其中，A detection device for realizing the above detection method, including a spectrum acquisition device and a computer; wherein,
光谱采集装置，用于对待测水果进行光谱扫描，采集待测水果近红外光谱信号传输到计算机；The spectrum acquisition device is used to scan the spectrum of the fruit to be tested, collect the near-infrared spectrum signal of the fruit to be tested and transmit it to the computer;
计算机，用于将接收到的光谱信号代入预先建立的模型，进行数据分析，得出被检测水果的内部品质指标。The computer is used for substituting the received spectral signal into a pre-established model, performing data analysis, and obtaining the internal quality index of the detected fruit.
上述所说的光谱采集装置，包括光源、光纤探头、光谱仪和CCD检测器，光源和光纤探头设置在采光暗室中，其中，The above-mentioned spectral collection device comprises a light source, an optical fiber probe, a spectrometer and a CCD detector, and the light source and the optical fiber probe are arranged in a darkroom where
光源，用于将光照射在待测水果表面；A light source for irradiating light on the surface of the fruit to be tested;
光纤探头，用于采集待测水果内漫反射出来的光，传至光谱仪；The optical fiber probe is used to collect the diffusely reflected light from the fruit to be tested and transmit it to the spectrometer;
光谱仪，用于把复合光分解为单一波长的单色光的作用；A spectrometer is used to decompose composite light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength;
检测器，用于接受光谱仪的光谱信号，并将近红外光信号转变为电信号，再通过A/D转变为数字信号输入计算机。The detector is used to receive the spectral signal of the spectrometer, convert the near-infrared light signal into an electrical signal, and then convert it into a digital signal through A/D and input it into the computer.
为实现自动化操作，在采光暗室中还设置有转动平台，用于放置待测水果。In order to realize automatic operation, a rotating platform is also provided in the daylighting darkroom for placing the fruit to be tested.
所述的转动平台，其转动速度可以通过步进电机控制，其速度要求与CCD检测器的曝光时间相吻合，也就是在CCD检测器曝光时间里(一般设置为小于20ms)待测的水果赤道中心基本在光纤探头的正下方。转动平台上面有圆孔，待测水果放于此圆孔中，在每个圆孔附近的适当位置贴有小挡板。此小挡板配合触发器使用，当小挡板挡住触发器的两根红外光纤探头时，触发器就触发CCD检测器进行数据采集。Described rotating platform, its rotational speed can be controlled by stepping motor, and its speed requirement coincides with the exposure time of CCD detector, just in the exposure time of CCD detector (generally set to be less than 20ms) fruit equator to be measured The center is basically directly below the fiber optic probe. There are circular holes above the rotating platform, and the fruit to be tested is placed in the circular holes, and small baffles are pasted at appropriate positions near each circular hole. The small baffle is used together with the trigger. When the small baffle blocks the two infrared optical fiber probes of the trigger, the trigger triggers the CCD detector for data collection.
所述的光源是卤素灯光源，其光由两根光纤引出把光打在水果赤道中心附近位置上，并使两光纤打在水果上的光斑基本重合。接受光谱信号的光纤探头在水果赤道中心部位的正上方。光源光纤和光纤探头到水果赤道中心的距离已经通过前期静态实验优化。The light source is a halogen light source, and its light is led out by two optical fibers to hit the light near the center of the fruit equator, and the light spots on the fruit by the two optical fibers basically overlap. The optical fiber probe receiving the spectral signal is directly above the center of the fruit equator. The distance from the optical fiber of the light source and the optical fiber probe to the center of the fruit equator has been optimized through previous static experiments.
所述的光谱仪，主要起把复合光分解为单一波长的单色光的作用。由卤素灯光源发出的复合光通过入射狭缝投射到准直物镜上，形成平行光束投影到光栅上，经色散后的光通过聚焦镜，成像在出射狭缝处。当光栅按逆时针方向旋转时，可以在出射狭缝面前得到按波长顺序排列的光谱，进而在其中挑选所需的近红外光谱区间。The spectrometer mainly plays the role of decomposing the composite light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength. The composite light emitted by the halogen light source is projected onto the collimating objective lens through the incident slit, forming a parallel beam and projected onto the grating, and the dispersed light passes through the focusing mirror and is imaged at the exit slit. When the grating rotates counterclockwise, the spectrum arranged in wavelength order can be obtained in front of the exit slit, and then the required near-infrared spectrum range can be selected.
所述的CCD检测器，用于把携带样品信息的近红外光信号转变为电信号，再通过A/D转变为数字信号输入电脑。CCD检测器采用外触发方式完成对水果的近红外光谱扫描。当待测水果运行至光纤探头正下方时，小挡板正好挡住触发器的两根探头，触发器就触发CCD检测器进行数据采集。当运行至其他部位时，触发器两探头始终导通，此时触发器不触发CCD检测器工作，也就不能采集光谱信号。The CCD detector is used to convert the near-infrared light signal carrying sample information into an electrical signal, and then convert it into a digital signal through A/D and input it into a computer. The CCD detector uses an external trigger to complete the near-infrared spectrum scanning of the fruit. When the fruit to be tested runs directly under the fiber optic probe, the small baffle just blocks the two probes of the trigger, and the trigger triggers the CCD detector for data collection. When running to other parts, the two probes of the trigger are always turned on. At this time, the trigger does not trigger the CCD detector to work, so the spectral signal cannot be collected.
所述的模型，即为近红外光谱信号值与水果内部品质指标的校正模型。模型建立的一般方法是：首先选择若干(一般大于50个)某品种水果，采集全部水果的近红外光谱，然后参考相关的国家标准，用理化的方法测得水果内部品质某项指标的值，再用逐步回归的方法筛选若干个变量建立多元回归模型，该模型对于近红外光谱信号与水果内部品质指标之间具有高度相关性。模型建好后导入自开发的近红外水果内部品质检测软件中。The said model is a correction model between the near-infrared spectrum signal value and the internal quality index of the fruit. The general method of model establishment is: first select a number of (generally more than 50) fruits of a certain variety, collect the near-infrared spectra of all the fruits, and then refer to the relevant national standards to measure the value of a certain index of the internal quality of the fruit with physical and chemical methods. Then use the stepwise regression method to screen several variables to establish a multiple regression model, which has a high correlation between the near-infrared spectrum signal and the internal quality indicators of the fruit. After the model is built, it is imported into the self-developed near-infrared fruit internal quality inspection software.
所述的计算机中安装有近红外水果内部品质检测软件，主要控制CCD检测器的运行，采集的光谱图和水果内部品质指标数值的显示。The near-infrared fruit internal quality detection software is installed in the computer, which mainly controls the operation of the CCD detector, the display of the collected spectrogram and the numerical value of the fruit internal quality index.
工作时，首先设置光谱仪，选择所需的光谱范围，设置转动平台的速度，接通触发器电源，打开近红外水果内部品质检测软件系统，触发控制CCD检测器对待测水果逐个进行光谱扫描，把检测器得到的光谱信号值代入模型计算得到每个待测水果的内部品质指标，并把相应的内部品质指标在软件界面上显示，并将每次测试的结果保存到电脑硬盘。When working, first set up the spectrometer, select the required spectral range, set the speed of the rotating platform, turn on the trigger power, open the near-infrared fruit internal quality detection software system, trigger and control the CCD detector to scan the spectrum of the fruit to be tested one by one, and put the The spectral signal value obtained by the detector is substituted into the model to calculate the internal quality index of each fruit to be tested, and the corresponding internal quality index is displayed on the software interface, and the results of each test are saved to the computer hard disk.
样本测试的操作如下：The sample test operates as follows:
1、首先对装置各附件的参数进行设置。如设置光源强度、光谱仪的波长范围、检测器的曝光时间和转动平台的转动速度等。1. First, set the parameters of each accessory of the device. Such as setting the intensity of the light source, the wavelength range of the spectrometer, the exposure time of the detector and the rotation speed of the rotating platform, etc.
2、测定水果时，将水果置入密闭采光室中的转动平台上，当水果运行到光源和光纤探头的正下方时，触发检测器对光纤探头正下方的水果采集近红外光谱。卤素灯光源发出的光通过光纤照射到被检测水果表面上，并在其内部形成漫反射，漫反射出来的光经光纤探头进入光谱仪分光后被CCD检测器接受，并由自开发的近红外水果内部品质检测软件接受此光谱信号值并把光谱信号值代入模型计算，在软件系统界面上即可显示该水果的某内部品质的指标值，至此该水果测试结束。2. When measuring the fruit, put the fruit on the rotating platform in the airtight lighting room. When the fruit runs directly under the light source and the optical fiber probe, the detector is triggered to collect the near-infrared spectrum of the fruit directly under the optical fiber probe. The light emitted by the halogen light source is irradiated on the surface of the detected fruit through the optical fiber, and diffuse reflection is formed inside it. The diffusely reflected light enters the spectrometer through the optical fiber probe and is accepted by the CCD detector. The internal quality detection software accepts the spectral signal value and substitutes the spectral signal value into the model calculation, and the index value of a certain internal quality of the fruit can be displayed on the software system interface, and the fruit test is over.
3、随着移动平台的转动，下一个待测水果将进入光纤探头的正下方，同样完成第二步的操作，以此类推，逐个完成移动平台上待测水果的内部品质测定。3. With the rotation of the mobile platform, the next fruit to be tested will enter directly under the fiber optic probe, and the operation of the second step will also be completed, and so on, and the internal quality determination of the fruit to be tested on the mobile platform will be completed one by one.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明为水果内部品质的标准化分级、自动化生产提供了应用基础，与目前的理化分析方法及人工方法对水果内部品质分级相比，客观性、重复性更强。本发明装置完成一个待测水果内部品质的测定不超过50ms。本发明采用移动平台的转动模拟生产线，在实际应用过程中，根据需要把该装置稍加调整，就可以同样适用。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides an application basis for standardized grading and automatic production of fruit internal quality, and is more objective and repeatable than current physical and chemical analysis methods and manual methods for fruit internal quality grading. The device of the invention completes the measurement of the internal quality of a fruit to be tested within 50 ms. The present invention adopts the rotation simulation production line of the mobile platform, and in the actual application process, the device can be adjusted slightly according to the needs, and the same can be applied.
本发明将基于近红外的光学检测手段应用于水果内部品质的检测过程中，既可以解放劳动力、又具有检测精度高、结果一致性好和自动化程度强等优点，为水果产品内部品质标准化分级创造了条件。The present invention applies near-infrared-based optical detection means to the detection process of fruit internal quality, which can not only liberate the labor force, but also has the advantages of high detection accuracy, good result consistency and strong automation, creating a new era for the standardized grading of the internal quality of fruit products. conditions.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1：本发明的技术方案示意图。Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the technical solution of the present invention.
图2：本发明应用实例实现硬件示意图Figure 2: Schematic diagram of hardware implementation of the application example of the present invention
其中，1，计算机；2、光源；3，光源光纤；4、光纤探头；5、光谱仪；6、检测器；7、红外触发器；8、采光暗室；9，转动平台；10、小档板；11、步进电机。Among them, 1, computer; 2, light source; 3, optical fiber of light source; 4, optical fiber probe; 5, spectrometer; 6, detector; 7, infrared trigger; ; 11, stepper motor.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明对水果的内部品质的无损检测具有通用性，但由于水果种类很多，因此本发明只举一个用于红富士苹果的实施实例，其他水果的检测可参照该实施实例的方法，具体针对所测的水果内部品质的某项指标，建立一个新的模型，就可以对该类水果进行测试了。The present invention has generality to the nondestructive detection of the internal quality of fruit, but because there are many types of fruits, the present invention only gives an implementation example for red Fuji apples, and the detection of other fruits can refer to the method of this implementation example, specifically for all A certain index of the internal quality of the tested fruit can be tested by establishing a new model.
实施实例步骤参阅图1，本发明对苹果进行检测的系统方案示意图。实例实现装置参阅图2。先挑选一批苹果(一般大于50个)用来建立模型，用基于近红外光谱分析技术的检测装置对苹果进行光谱扫描，把CCD检测器得到的光谱信号值保存计算机中。苹果糖度测定的理化方法严格按照国标GB12295-90执行，在苹果光谱扫描光斑处削皮、榨汁，并用阿贝折射仪测定。然后采用逐步回归的方法筛选出特征信号，建立光谱信号值与苹果糖度之间的关联模型。把模型导入到近红外水果内部品质检测软件。Implementation example steps refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a system scheme for detecting apples in the present invention. Refer to FIG. 2 for an example implementation device. First select a batch of apples (generally greater than 50) to build a model, use a detection device based on near-infrared spectral analysis technology to scan the spectrum of the apples, and save the spectral signal value obtained by the CCD detector in the computer. The physical and chemical methods for the determination of apple sugar content are strictly in accordance with the national standard GB12295-90. The apples are peeled and squeezed at the spot of the spectral scanning light spot, and measured with an Abbe refractometer. Then, the characteristic signal was screened out by stepwise regression method, and the correlation model between spectral signal value and apple sugar content was established. Import the model into the near-infrared fruit internal quality inspection software.
接下来就可以对未知苹果的糖度进行在线测定。将水果置入密闭采光室8中的转动平台9上，打开光源2，当水果运行到光源光纤3和光纤探头4的正下方时，小档板10挡住触发器7的两根探头，触发器7就触发CCD检测器6进行数据采集；卤素灯光源2发出的光通过光纤3照射到被检测水果表面上，并在其内部形成漫反射，漫反射出来的光经光纤探头4进入光谱仪5分光后被CCD检测器6接受，CCD检测器6把携带样品信息的近红外光信号转变为电信号，再通过A/D转变为数字信号输入计算机1；计算机1中接受此光谱信号值并把光谱信号值代入模型计算，在软件系统界面上即可显示该水果的某内部品质的指标值，至此该水果测试结束。在转动平台10上放上待测苹果，当苹果运行到检测光纤探头4的正下方时，触发器7开始触发检测器6工作，进行苹果的光谱数据采集，由自主开发的检测软件接受此光谱信号值并把特征信号值代入模型计算，苹果的糖度值在软件系统界面上即可显示，相应的结果立即储存在计算机硬盘上，至此该苹果测试结束。随着移动平台的转动，下一个苹果将进入检测光纤探头的正下方，完成同样的操作，以此类推，逐个完成移动平台上待测苹果糖度的在线测定。Next, the sugar content of unknown apples can be measured online. Put the fruit on the rotating platform 9 in the airtight daylighting room 8, turn on the
本发明不限于这些公开的实施方案，本发明将覆盖在专利书中所描述的范围，以及权利要求范围的各种变型和等效变化。The present invention is not limited to these disclosed embodiments, and the present invention will cover modifications and equivalents of the range described in the patent specification, as well as the scope of the claims.
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