CN101296620A - 包含缩苯氨基脲的农药混合物 - Google Patents
包含缩苯氨基脲的农药混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042585 tocopherol acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011708 vitamin B3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019160 vitamin B3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及包含A)式(I)的缩苯氨基脲化合物或其可农用盐,其中R1和R2相互独立地为氢、氰基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,R3为C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,和B)式(II)的化合物或其可农用盐作为活性组分的杀虫混合物。
Description
本发明涉及包含农药缩苯氨基脲的混合物和这种混合物在防治害虫中的用途。
害虫防治领域中出现的一个典型问题为需要降低活性成分的剂量率以降低或避免不利的环境或毒物学影响,同时仍能容许有效的害虫防治。
遭遇的另一个问题涉及需要具有有效对抗宽范围害虫的可得的害虫防治剂。
还存在需要击倒(knock-down)活性与长期防治结合,即具有持久作用的快速作用。
与使用农药相关的另一困难是各种农药化合物的重复和单一施用在许多情况下导致害虫的快速选择性,害虫对所述活性成分已具有天然或适应的耐药性。因此,需要有助于防治或克服耐药性的昆虫防治剂。
因此,本发明的目的是提供解决降低剂量率和/或增强活性谱和/或降低活性与长期防治相结合和/或耐药性治理的问题的农药混合物。
EP-A 0462456公开了具有宽杀虫谱的苯基缩二氨基脲。然而,这些化合物总是不具有与上述问题相关的完全满意的性能。
已发现本发明的目的至少在某一方面可通过将缩苯氨基脲与氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)混合而实现。
因此,在本发明一个方面中,提供包含如下组分的农药混合物:
A)式(I)的缩苯氨基脲化合物或其可农用盐:
其中R1和R2相互独立地为氢、氰基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,R3为C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷基或C1-C4卤代烷氧基,和
B)式(II)化合物或其可农用盐:
式(II)化合物的常用名为氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)(N-氰基甲基-4-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺)。
本发明还涉及一种使用化合物(I)与化合物(II)(氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid))的混合物保护植物不受害虫,即昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,一种使用化合物(I)与氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)的混合物防治害虫,即节肢动物如昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的方法,和化合物(I)和氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)在制备这种混合物中的用途,以及包含这些混合物的组合物。
在本发明上下文中,术语植物指全部植物、一部分植物或植物繁殖材料,尤其是种子。
除此之外,本发明还涉及一种使用本发明混合物处理、防治、防止或保护温血动物或鱼类不受害虫侵袭或侵染的方法。
式(I)的1-缩苯氨基脲、其制备及其对抗节肢动物的作用为已知的(例如EP-A 0482456)。
氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)其制备及其对抗害虫的作用同样从文献(EP-A0580374)中已知。
氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)或其衍生物与各种活性化合物的对抗害虫的活性混合物以通常方式描述于EP-A 0580374中。这些混合物的有利协同增效作用未在此文件中提到。
优选的式(I)化合物为其中:
R1为C1-C4卤代烷基,更优选C1-C4氟代烷基,尤其是CF3;
R2为CN;和
R3为C1-C4卤代烷氧基,更优选C1-C4氟代烷氧基,尤其是OCF3的那些。
卤代意指F、Cl、Br和I。
特别优选式(Ia)的式(I)的化合物,其中R1为3-CF3,R2为4-CN和R3为4-OCF3:
其常用名为氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone)。氰氟虫腙及其制备例如描述于EP-A462456中。
化合物(I)或(II)的“可农用盐”可以以常规方式,例如通过与所述阴离子的酸反应而形成并且包括化合物(I)或(II)与马来酸、二马来酸、富马酸、二富马酸、甲烷次磺酸、甲烷磺酸和琥珀酸的加合物。此外,包括可例如用胺、金属、碱土金属碱或季铵碱,包括两性离子形成的那些盐。适合的作为成盐剂的金属和碱土金属氢氧化物包括钡、铝、镍、铜、锰、钴、锌、铁、银、锂、钠、钾、镁或钙的盐。其他成盐剂包括卤化物、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸盐、氢化物和氢氧化物。
优选,本发明混合物为氰氟虫腙与氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)的混合物。
优选,本发明混合物以协同增效有效量包含组分(A)和(B)。
优选,本发明混合物以协同增效有效比包含组分(A)和(B)。
当制备混合物时,优选使用纯活性化合物(I)和(II),可向其中加入也对抗有害真菌的其他活性化合物或除草或生长调节活性化合物或肥料。
化合物(I)与(II)的混合物或同时,即联合或分开使用的化合物(I)和(II)对抗来自如下目的害虫具有显著作用:
来自鳞翅目(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera))的昆虫,例如小地老虎(Agrotisypsilon)、黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、木棉虫(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)、Argyresthia conjugella、叉纹夜蛾(Autographa gamma)、树尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、Cacoecia murinana、Capua reticulana、Cheimatobia brumata、云杉色卷蛾(Choristoneurafumiferana)、Choristoneura occidentalis、二化螟(Cirphis unipuncta)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydia pomonella)、松毛虫(Dendrolimus pini)、Diaphanianitidalis、西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及钻夜蛾(Eariasinsulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、Evetria bouliana、Feltia subterranea、蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心虫(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta)、棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothisvirescens)、玉米穗虫(Heliothis zea)、菜螟(Hellula undalis)、Hiberniadefoliaria、美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutamalinellus)、番茄虫蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella)、Lambdina fiscellaria、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(Leucoptera scitella)、Lithocolletis blancardella、葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesiabotrana)、甜菜网螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、模毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、黄杉毒蛾(Orgyiapseudotsugata)、玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、棉花红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella)、疆夜蛾(Peridroma saucia)、圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、马铃薯麦蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、欧洲粉蝶(Pieris brassicae)、苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusiaincludens)、Rhyacionia frustrana、Scrobipalpula absoluta、麦蛾(Sitotrogacerealella)、葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、草地夜蛾(Spodopterafrugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodopteralitura)、Thaumatopoea pityocampa、绿色橡木飞蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)和Zeiraphera canadensis,
甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨窄吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、直条叩头虫(Agriotes lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(Agriotes obscurus)、Amphimallussolstitialis、Anisandrus dispar、墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)、苹花象(Anthonomus pomorum)、Apthona euphoridae、Athoushaemorrhoidalis、甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、Blitophaga undata、蚕豆象(Bruchusrufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、欧洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa)、Cerotomatrifurcata、金花金龟(Cetonia aurata)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、芫菁龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnematibialis)、Conoderus vespertinus、石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi)、Ctenicera spp.、Diabrotica longicornis、Diabrotica semipunctata、Diabrotica 12-punctata speciosa、玉米根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrus brasiliensis)、欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿叶象(Hypera brunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、云杉八齿小蠹(Ips typographus)、烟草负泥虫(Lema bilineata)、黑角负泥虫(Lemamelanopus)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、Limoniuscalifornicus、稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、Melanotus communis、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鳃金龟(Melolontha hippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、梨树叶象(Phyllobius pyri)、Phyllotretachrysocephala、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophaga sp.)、庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotreta nemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus)和谷象(Sitophilus granaria),
蝇、蚊(双翅目(Diptera)),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrephaludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、冈比亚按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anophelesfreeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomyabezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、Cordylobiaanthropophaga、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culextarsalis)、Culiseta inornata、Culiseta melanura、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、Deliaantique、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Delia radicum)、Dermatobia hominis、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、Geomyza Tripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossinamorsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossinatachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates spp.)、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypodermalineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscinastabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinellafrit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomya hysocyami)、Phorbia antiqua、萝卜蝇(Phorbiabrassicae)、Phorbia coarctata、银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、Psorophora columbiae、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、Psorophora discolor、Prosimulium mixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis cerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletispomonella)、赤尾麻蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophagasp.)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、Tabanus bovinus、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)和Tabanus similis、Tipulaoleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa),
蓟马(缨翅目(Thysanoptera)),例如兰花蓟马(Dichromothripscorbetti)、Dichromothrips ssp.、烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔硬蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci),
白蚁(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如Calotermes flavicollis、Leucotermesflavipes、金黄异白蚁(Heterotermes aureus)、南方散白蚁(ReticulitermesVirginicus)、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、Termes natalensis和台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus),
蟑螂(蜚蠊目(Blattaria-Blattodea)),例如德国小蠊(Blattellagermanica)、Blattella asahinae、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplanetafuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis),
臭虫(半翅类(hemiptera)),例如拟绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus)、棉红蝽(Dysdercus cingulatus)、Dysdercus intermedius、麦扁盾蝽(Eurygasterintegriceps)、Euschistus impictiventris、棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossusphyllopus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis)、稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesma quadrata)、Solubea insularis、Thyanta perditor、Acyrthosiphon onobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、Aphis schneideri、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、Aphis sambuci、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、马铃薯蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、银叶粉虱(Bemisiaargentifolii)、Brachycaudus cardui、杏圆尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、Brachycaudus persicae、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicorynebrassicae)、Capitophorus horni、Cerosipha gossypii、Chaetosiphonfragaefolii、Cryptomyzus ribis、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusianordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphisradicola)、Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani、Dysaphis plantaginea、Dysaphispyri、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzus lactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、Megouraviciae、巢莱修尾蚜(Melanaphis pyrarius)、麦无网蚜(Metopolophiumdirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzuscerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、Nasonovia ribis-nigri、稻飞虱(Nilaparvatalugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiellasaccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、Rhopalosiphum insertum、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneura lanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobionavenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、Toxoptera aurantiiand、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimexhemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、Triatoma spp.和Arilus critatus,
蚂蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂、叶蜂(膜翅目(Hymenoptera)),例如新疆菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae)、切叶蚁(Atta cephalotes)、Atta capiguara、切叶蚁(Attacephalotes)、Atta laevigata、Atta robusta、Atta sexdens、Atta texana、举腹蚁属(Crematogaster spp.)、Hoplocampa minuta、Hoplocampatestudinea、小黄家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、热带火蚁(Solenopsisgeminata)、红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta);黑火蚁(Solenopsis richteri)、南方火蚁(Solenopsis xyloni)、红蚂蚁(Pogonomyrmex barbatus)、Pogonomyrmex californicus、Pheidole megacephala、天鹅绒蚂蚁(Dasymutilla occidentalis)、熊蜂属(Bombus spp.)、大黄蜂(Vespulasquamosa)、Paravespula vulgaris、Paravespula pennsylvanica、Paravespulagermanica、姬胡蜂(Dolichovespula maculata)、黄边胡蜂(Vespa crabro)、胡蜂(Polistes rubiginosa)、Camponotus floridanus和阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile),
蟋蟀、蚱蜢、蝗虫(直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如居屋艾蟋(Achetadomestica)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、双纹黑蝗(Melanoplus bivittatus)、红足黑蝗(Melanoplus femurrubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(Melanoplus mexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(Melanoplus spretus)、条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、摩洛哥戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus)、庭疾灶螽(Tachycines asynamorus)、塞纳加尔小车蝗(Oedaleus senegalensis)、Zonozerus variegatus、非洲蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus daganensis)、Kraussaria angulifera、意大利蝗(Calliptamusitalicus)、澳洲草栖蝗(Chortoicetes terminifera)和褐色拟飞蝗(Locustanapardalina),
蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea),例如蜘蛛(蜱螨目(Acarina)),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、Ambryomma maculatum、波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilusannulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、安氏革蜱(Dermacentor andersoni)、美洲大革蜱(Dermacentor variabilis)、Hyalomma truncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodesricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodesholocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodes pacificus)、Ornithodorus moubata、Ornithodorus hermis、Ornithodorus turicata、柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssusbacoti)、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、Rhipicephalus sanguineus、Rhipicephalusappendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),瘿螨属(Eriophyidae spp.)如苹果刺锈螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrataoleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨属(Tarsonemidae spp.)如Phytonemuspallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨属(Tenuipalpidae spp.)如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨属(Tetranychidae sPP.)如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychus citri)和oligonychus pratensis;蜘蛛目(Araneida)如毒蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)和褐丝蛛(Loxoscelesreclusa),蜱(蜱目(Ixodida))如Phipicephalus sanguineus,或螨如中气门目(Mesostigmata)如柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)和鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae),前气门目(Prostigmata)如Pymotes tritici或无气门目(Astigmata)如粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro),
跳蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如猫跳蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗跳蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulexirritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),衣鱼、家衣鱼(缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如(Lepisma saccharina)和斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica),
百足虫(唇足纲(Chilopoda)),例如Scutigera coleoptrata,
千足虫(倍足纲(Diplopoda)),例如Narceus spp.,
蠼蛸(革翅目(Dermaptera)),例如欧洲球螋(forficula auricularia),
虱(毛虱目(Phthiraptera)),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicolabovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthusstramineus和Solenopotes capillatus。
植物寄生线虫,例如根结线虫,花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、哥伦比亚根结线虫(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、Meloidogyne exigua、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和其他根结线虫属(Meloidogyne);胞囊线虫,马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)、马铃薯白线虫(Globoderapallida)、烟草胞囊线虫(Globodera tabacum)和其他球胞囊属(Globodera);禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(Heterodera trifolii)和其他胞囊线虫属(Heterodera);种子肿瘿线虫,Anguina funesta、小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici)和其他粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,叶芽线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae)、菊花滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi)和其他滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides);刺线虫,杂草刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)和其他针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus);松线虫,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchusxylophilus)和其他伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus);环形线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema)、小环线虫属(Criconemella)、轮线虫属(Criconemoides)和中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchusdestructor)、甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、蘑菇菌丝线虫(Ditylenchusmyceliophagus)和其他茎线虫属(Ditylenchus);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫,Heliocotylenchus multicinctus和其他Helicotylenchus属、Rotylenchus robustus和其他盘旋(Rotylenchus)属;鞘线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和Hemicriconemoides属;Hirshmanniella属;冠线虫,Hoploaimus columbus、Hoploaimus galeatus和其他枪线虫(Hoplolaimus)属;伪根结线虫,异常珍珠线虫(Nacobbusaberrans)和其他珍珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,Longidorus elongatus和其他长针线虫属(Longidorus);射针线虫,短针线虫属(Paratylenchus);根腐线虫,Pratylenchus brachyurus、咖啡根腐线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、Pratylenchus curvitatus、Pratylenchus goodeyi、Pratylenchus neglectus、穿刺根腐线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、苎麻短体线虫(Pratylenchusscribneri)、伤残根腐线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)和其他根腐线虫属(Pratylenchus);Radinaphelenchuscocophilus和其他Radinaphelenchus属;穿孔线虫,香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和其他穿孔线虫属(Radopholus);肾形线虫,香蕉肾形线虫(Rotylenchus reniformis)和其他盘旋线虫属(Rotylenchus);Scutellonema属;残根线虫,Trichodorus primitivus和其他毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus)、微小拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)和其他拟毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);阻长线虫,Tylenchorhynchus claytoni、Tylenchorhynchus dubius和其他矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus)和Merlinius属;柑桔线虫,柑桔半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)和其他垫刃线虫属(Tylenchulus);剑线虫,美洲剑线虫(Xiphinemaamericanum)、匕首线虫(Xiphinema index)、裂尾剑线虫(Xiphinemadiversicaudatum)和其他剑线虫属(Xiphinema);以及其他植物寄生线虫属。
本发明混合物尤其用于防治鞘翅目、双翅目、半翅目、蜱螨目、鳞翅目、缨翅目、同翅目、等翅目和直翅目的害虫,尤其用于防治来自上列所述这些目的那些害虫。
它们在防治下面实验部分中公开的所述目的害虫中特别有用。
它们还用于制备用于防治所述害虫的组合物。
本发明混合物或化合物(I)和(II)可以为另外包含液体或固体载体的农药组合物如常规配制剂的形式,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉尘、粉末、糊或颗粒。施用形式取决于具体目的;每种情况下应确保化合物(I)和(II)的精细且均匀的分布。
配制剂以已知方式,例如通过将活性化合物与常规配制助剂如溶剂和/或载体,如果需要的话使用乳化剂和分散剂和其他常规添加剂混合而制备。适合的溶剂/助剂包括:
-水、芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(NMP、NOP)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、二醇、脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯。原则上也可使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物(如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩)和磨碎的合成矿物(如高度分散的硅石、硅酸盐);乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)和分散剂如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
适合的表面活性剂为木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,还有磺化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚,辛基酚,壬基酚,烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
适于制备可直接喷雾溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质为中至高沸点的矿物油馏分如煤油或柴油,还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,丁醇,环己醇,环己酮,异佛尔酮,强极性溶剂如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉末、撒播用材料和可撒粉产品可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或一起研磨来制备。
颗粒如涂敷颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过使活性化合物粘附在固体载体上而制备。固体载体的实例为矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁,磨碎的合成材料,肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%活性化合物混合物。活性化合物混合物以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度(根据NMR谱)使用。
配制剂的实例如下:
1.用水稀释的产品
A可溶性浓缩物(SL,LS)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于水或水溶性溶剂中。作为选择,加入湿润剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解。
B分散性浓缩物(DC)
随着加入分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,将20重量份活性化合物溶于环己酮中。用水稀释得到分散体。
C可乳化浓缩物(EC)
随着加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下浓度为5%),将15重量份活性化合物溶于二甲苯中。用水稀释得到乳液。
D乳液(EW,EO,ES)
随着加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下浓度为5%),将40重量份活性化合物溶于二甲苯中。将该混合物借助乳化机(Ultraturrax)引入水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。
E悬浮液(SC,OD,FS)
在搅拌的球磨机中,随着加入分散剂、湿润剂和水或有机溶剂,将20重量份活性化合物粉碎以得到细碎活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物悬浮液。
F水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG,SG)
随着加入分散剂和湿润剂,将50重量份活性化合物细碎研磨,借助工业装置(如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。
G水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP,SP,WS)
随着加入分散剂、湿润剂和硅胶,将75重量份活性化合物在转子-定子磨机中研磨。用水稀释得到具有活性化合物的稳定分散体或溶液。
2.不稀释而施用的产品
H可撒粉粉末(DP,DS)
将5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并与95%的细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到可撒粉产品。
I颗粒(GR,FG,GG,MG)
将0.5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并结合95.5%载体。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床。这得到不稀释而施用的颗粒。
JULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到不稀释而施用的产品。
在本发明优选实施方案中,提供可乳化浓缩物(EC)配制剂,其包含:
a)本发明混合物;
b)包含如下组分的溶剂体系:
b1)γ-丁内酯,
b2)一种或多种脂族和/或芳族酮,和
b3)任选一种或多种芳族烃;
c)一种或多种乳化剂;
d)任选其他配制剂添加剂。
优选的EC配制剂通常包含0.1-30重量%,优选8-18重量%,尤其是10-15重量%式(I)的化合物。
优选的EC配制剂通常包含6-97重量%,优选10-90重量%,尤其是25-80重量%溶剂体系(b)。
γ-丁内酯,溶剂体系的组分(b1)为可例如由BASF Aktiengesellschaft,德国得到的市售溶剂。
通常包含的γ-丁内酯的量为配制剂的2-90重量%,优选10-75重量%,尤其是20-40重量%。
作为溶剂体系的组分(b2)的适合的酮包括C1-C20脂族、环脂族和芳族酮。
优选C5-C18链烷酮,尤其是2-庚酮、异亚丙基丙酮、环己酮、异佛尔酮、frenchone和苯乙酮。
在优选实施方案中,组分(b2)包含两种酮,优选苯乙酮和C5-C18链烷酮,尤其是苯乙酮和2-庚酮。
酮组分(b2)通常占配制剂的4-92重量%,优选15-80重量%。
在优选实施方案中,苯乙酮通常占配制剂的2-70重量%,优选5-40重量%,尤其是20-30重量%。
脂族酮,优选2-庚酮通常占配制剂的2-90重量%,优选10-40重量%,尤其是10-30重量%。
所有列出的酮为市售产品。
任选,溶剂体系包含芳族烃作为组分(b3)。优选使用烷基具有1-20个碳原子的烷基芳族烃,尤其是烷基苯和烷基萘的混合物。这种混合物为例如作为如Solvesso 200(Exxon Mobil,美国)、Aromatic如Aromatic 200(Exxon Mobil)或产品(Deutsche Shell ChemieGmbH,德国)市售的。特别优选Solvesso 200和Aromatic 200作为组分(b3)。
芳族烃组分(b3)通常占配制剂的0-30重量%,优选0-10重量%,尤其是1-5重量%。
优选的EC配制剂还含至少一种乳化剂。乳化剂用于降低连续相与分散相之间的表面张力,从而稳定分散相的滴。乳化剂还有助于式(I)的化合物的稳定。适合的乳化剂为本领域中例如由McCutcheon’s Detergents andEmulsifiers,Int.Ed.,Ridgewood,New York中熟知的。适合的乳化剂包括非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性离子乳化剂及其混合物。乳化剂可以为聚合物乳化剂或非聚合物乳化剂。与聚合物乳化剂相比,非聚合物乳化剂的分子量(数均)通常为2000以下,尤其是150-2000,优选200-1500。
含在本发明EC中的乳化剂可以为非离子或离子的,或二者的组合。优选使用至少两种,优选3-5种优选具有不同HLB值的乳化剂以实现EC在不同温度下的良好物理化学性能。
HLB(亲水亲油平衡)为W.C.Griffin(J.Soc.Cosmetic Chemists,1,311(1949))定义的经验尺度,其表示乳化剂(尤其是非离子乳化剂)的两亲性能。最小亲水性乳化剂指定成最低HLB值。
适合的非离子乳化剂例如为烷氧基化的动物或植物来源脂肪或油,例如玉米油乙氧基化物、蓖麻油乙氧基化物、牛脂乙氧基化物,甘油酯如甘油单硬脂酸酯,脂肪醇烷氧基化物和羰基合成醇烷氧基化物,脂肪酸烷氧基化物如油酸乙氧基化物,烷基苯基烷氧基化物如异壬基-、异辛基-、三丁基-和三硬脂基苯基乙氧基化物,脂肪胺烷氧基化物,脂肪酸酰胺烷氧基化物,糖乳化剂如脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯),聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,烷基多糖苷,N-烷基葡糖酰胺,烷基甲基亚砜,烷基二甲基氧化膦如十四烷基二甲基氧化膦,氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚物和这种非离子乳化剂的混合物。
优选的非离子乳化剂例如为脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,尤其是山梨糖醇及其酐的部分酯如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇肪酸酯如聚乙氧基化(优选具有约20摩尔氧化乙烯)脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,蓖麻油乙氧基化物(优选具有约40摩尔氧化乙烯)和氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚物如烷基氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚物,优选分子量为2000-5000。
离子乳化剂可以为阴离子乳化剂或阳离子乳化剂或阴离子与阳离子乳化剂的混合物。
阴离子乳化剂的实例为多(优选2-30)乙氧基化(优选C6-C22)脂肪醇的磷酸酯和硫酸酯如乙氧基化2EO(EO意指氧化乙烯单元)油醇磷酸酯(如O3D,Albright & Wilson,英国)、乙氧基化油醇磷酸酯(如N系列,Croda Oleochemicals,英国)、乙氧基化(2-10EO)鲸蜡/硬脂醇磷酸酯(例如CS系列,Croda Oleochemicals,英国)、乙氧基化(4-6EO)十三醇磷酸酯(例如PS系列,CK Witco,美国)、乙氧基化脂肪醇磷酸酯(例如AP系列,Henkel Iberica,西班牙)、乙氧基化(3-6EO)脂肪醇磷酸酯(例如系列,Rhodia Chimie,法国)、络合有机磷酸酯的游离酸(例如系列,Ceca S.A.,法国)、多乙氧基化(8-25EO)芳基酚(如多乙氧基化二苯乙烯基酚和三苯乙烯基酚)的磷酸酯(例如Soprophor 3D33,Rhodia Chimie,法国)、多乙氧基化芳基酚(如多乙氧基化二苯乙烯基酚和三苯乙烯基酚)的硫酸酯(例如SoprophorDSS/7、Soprophor 4D384,Rhodia Chimie,法国)。
阳离子乳化剂的实例包括烷基三甲基卤化铵或烷基三甲基烷基硫酸铵、烷基吡啶鎓卤化物或二烷基二甲基卤化铵和二烷基二甲基烷基硫酸铵。
离子乳化剂中,优选阴离子乳化剂。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,乳化剂组分包含至少一种来自脱水山梨糖醇脂肪单酯,尤其是脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯的乳化剂和两种或多种,优选两种来自聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酯,尤其是各自用约20摩尔氧化乙烯乙氧基化的脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯的乳化剂。
在本发明的特别优选实施方案中,乳化剂组分包含来自脱水山梨糖醇脂肪单酯的乳化剂,一种或多种,优选两种来自多乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酯的乳化剂和一种或多种来自蓖麻油乙氧基化物和氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚物的乳化剂。
引用的非离子乳化剂全部为市售的。例如脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸可作为(BASF,德国)或(UNIQEMA,美国)系列得到,聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酯可作为(BASF,德国)或(UNIQEMA,美国)系列得到,蓖麻油乙氧基化物可作为Trylox 5909(Cognis,德国)得到,氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚物可作为Tergitol系列如XD(Dow,美国)或LPP系列得到。
EC配制剂中乳化剂通常占配制剂的2-20重量%,优选5-15重量%。
在优选和特别优选的实施方案中,脱水山梨糖醇脂肪单酯通常占配制剂的0.1-15重量%,优选1-5重量%;多乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酯通常占配制剂的1-5重量%,优选1-5重量%,多乙氧基化蓖麻油通常占配制剂的0-15重量%,优选0-5重量%,氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚物通常占配制剂的0-15重量%,优选0-5重量%。
另外,本发明EC配制剂可包含其他常规配制剂添加剂如助溶剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、着色剂和润湿剂。
适合的消泡剂例如为具有4-14,优选6-10个碳原子的脂族或芳族一元醇,例如正辛醇或正癸醇,或硅酮乳化剂。消泡剂通常占配制剂的0-10重量%,优选0.01-1重量%。
通常的防冻剂例如为乙二醇、丙二醇和甘油。
通常的防腐剂例如为维生素E乙酸酯、苯甲酸、山梨酸、甲醛和痕量杀微生物化合物。防腐剂通常占配制剂的0-10重量%,优选0-1重量%。
通常的润湿剂例如为多乙氧基化烷基酚(含1-30摩尔氧化乙烯)、多乙氧基化脂肪醇(含1-30摩尔氧化乙烯)、十三醇聚乙二醇醚和烷基-或烷基苯基-磺酸盐。润湿剂通常占配制剂的0-50重量%,优选0-10重量%。
其他配制剂添加剂的总含量通常占配制剂的0-52重量%,优选0-10重量%,更优选0-5重量%。
本发明EC配制剂以本身已知的方式通过将组分如果合适的话在搅拌和/加热下混合而制备。因此可得到的产物一般为均匀乳液浓缩物。
适于配制剂的容器为所有常规用于作物保护产品的容器,主要是瓶、罐和由耐化学品聚合物制得的袋。使用水溶性容器,主要是尤其基于聚乙烯醇的水溶性薄膜袋是有利的。
对于对抗害虫的施用而言,EC配制剂通常用适合的稀释剂,通常用水,优选用至少10-400,优选10-150倍过量的稀释剂稀释。
本发明活性化合物的混合物可直接使用,以它们的配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式,例如以可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒的形式借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌而使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;每种情况下意欲确保本发明混合物尽可能精细分布。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。作为选择,可以制备包含混合物、湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂和如果合适的话溶剂或油的浓缩物且这种浓缩物适于用水稀释。
活性化合物的混合物在即用制剂中的浓度可以在相对宽范围内变化。它们通常为0.0001-10%,优选0.01-1%。
活性化合物的混合物也可成功地以超低容量法(ULV)使用,其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性化合物的配制剂或甚至在没有添加剂的情况下施用活性化合物的混合物。
如上所述,本发明混合物也可包含其他活性成分,例如其他农药如杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂,肥料如硝酸铵、尿素、钾碱和过磷酸钙,植物毒素和植物生长调节剂,安全剂和杀线虫剂。这些额外的成分可以顺序使用或与上述组合物结合使用,如果合适的话还可以在紧临使用之前加入(桶混合)。这些剂可以与本发明混合物以1∶10-10∶1的重量比混合。例如可以在用其他活性成分处理之前或之后用本发明的组合物喷雾植物。
本发明混合物和方法用于防治害虫如昆虫、螨虫和线虫。它们可以施用至任何和所有发展阶段如卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫。
可通过使害虫本身、它的食物源、栖息地、繁殖地或它的场所与杀虫有效量的本发明混合物或包含混合物的组合物接触而防治害虫。
“场所”是指害虫在其中生长或可能生长的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或环境。
通常,“杀虫有效量”意指实现对生长可观察到的效力,包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、防止和除去、破坏,或减少目标有机体出现和活性的效力所需的本发明混合物或包含混合物的组合物的量。对于本发明所用各种混合物/组合物而言,杀虫有效量可变化。杀虫有效量混合物/组合物还将根据主要条件如所需的杀虫效果和持续时间、气候、目标种、场所、施用模式等变化。
本发明混合物或这些混合物的组合物也可用于保护植物不受害虫如昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染,其包括使植物或植物生长的土壤或水与杀虫有效量的本发明混合物或组合物接触。
在本发明上下文中,术语植物指整个植物、植物的一部分或植物的繁殖材料如种子、块茎、被移植物、秧苗或插枝。
可用本发明混合物处理的植物包括所有遗传改性的植物或转基因植物,例如由于育种,包括遗传工程方法而耐除草剂或杀真菌剂或杀虫剂的作物,或与现有植物相比具有改进性能的植物,其可例如通过传统育种方法和/或突变株生成或通过重组程序产生。
一些本发明混合物具有内吸作用并且因此可用于保护植物枝条不受叶害虫损害以及用于种子处理和根不受土壤害虫损害。术语种子处理包括本领域已知的所有适合的种子处理技术,例如拌种、种子涂覆、种子撒粉、种子浸泡和种子造粒。
化合物(I)和(II)可同时施用,即联合或分开或连续地、顺序地施用,在分开施用的情况下,通常对防治措施的结果不具有任何影响。
化合物(I)和(II)通常以500∶1-1∶6000,优选100∶1-1∶100,更优选20∶1-1∶50,尤其是10∶1-1∶10,特别是5∶1-1∶20,非常特别是5∶1-1∶5,特别优选2∶1-1∶2,还优选4∶1-2∶1的重量比施用,主要是1∶1,或5∶1,或5∶2,或5∶3,或5∶4,或4∶1,或4∶2,或4∶3,或3∶1,或2∶1,或1∶5,或2∶5,或3∶5,或4∶5,或1∶4,或2∶4,或3∶4,或1∶3,或2∶3,或1∶2,或1∶600,或1∶300,或1∶150,或1∶35,或2∶35,或4∶35,或1∶75,或2∶75,或3∶75,或4∶75,或1∶6000,或1∶3000,或1∶1500,或1∶350,或2∶350,或3∶350,或4∶350,或1∶750,或2∶750,或3∶750或4∶750的比。
取决于所需的效力,本发明混合物的施用率为5-2000g/ha,优选50-1500g/ha,尤其是50-750g/ha。
本发明混合物用于保护种子和秧苗的根和枝条不受土壤害虫损害。
常规种子处理配制剂例如包括可流动浓缩物FS、溶液LS、干处理用粉末DS、可水分散性粉末WS或淤浆处理用颗粒、水溶性粉末SS和乳液ES。通过使种子与本发明混合物或组合物接触而施用于种子在播种之前,或直接在种子上或在后者发芽处理之后,在播种时或播种之后进行。优选FS配制剂。
在种子处理中,本发明混合物的施用率通常为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-2kg/100kg种子。化合物(I)和(II)或化合物(I)与(II)的混合物的分开或联合施用在植物播种之前或之后或者在植物萌发之前或之后通过喷雾或撒粉种子、秧苗、植物或土壤而进行。
本发明还涉及植物的繁殖产品,尤其是包含,即涂覆有和/或含如上所定义的混合物或含两种或多种活性成分的混合物的组合物或各自具有活性成分之一的两种或多种组合物的混合物的种子。种子以0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg,最优选1g-2.5kg/100kg种子,尤其是1g-2kg/100kg种子的量包含本发明混合物。
本发明混合物通过两种接触(经由土壤、草、壁、床品、地毯、植物部分或动物部分)和摄入(诱饵或植物部分)和通过交哺和转移而有效。
优选的施用方法为施用至水体、土壤、裂缝和裂隙、牧草、粪堆、下水道,施用至水、地板、墙壁,或通过周边喷雾施用和诱饵。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,本发明混合物借助土壤施用而使用。土壤施用尤其有利的用于对抗蚂蚁、白蚁、蝇、蟋蟀、蛆、根象虫、根甲虫或线虫。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,对于用于对抗非作物害虫如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊、蟋蟀、蝗虫或蟑螂而言,本发明混合物制备成诱饵制剂。
诱饵可以为液体、固体或半固体制剂(例如凝胶)。组合物中所用的诱饵为对刺激昆虫如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊、蟋蟀等或蟑螂吃它有足够吸引力的产品。这种引诱剂可从取食刺激剂或伪信息素(para pheromones)和/或性信息素中选择。适合的取食刺激剂例如从动物和/或植物蛋白质(肉粉、鱼粉或血粉,昆虫部分、蟋蟀粉、蛋黄),从动物和/或植物来源的脂肪和油,或单、低聚-或聚有机糖类,尤其是蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、右旋糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、果胶或甚至糖蜜或蜂蜜,或从盐如硫酸铵、碳酸铵或乙酸铵中选择。水果、作物、植物、动物、昆虫或其特殊部分的新鲜或腐烂部分也可用作取食刺激剂。已知信息素更具昆虫特异性。特殊信息素描述于文献中并且为本领域技术人员已知的。
作为气溶胶(例如在喷雾器中)、油喷雾或泵喷雾的本发明混合物配制剂高度适于非专业使用者用于防治害虫如蝇、跳蚤、壁虱、蚊、蝗虫或蟑螂。气溶胶配方优选包含活性混合物,溶剂如较低的醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇)、酮(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮),沸点范围为约50-250℃的石蜡烃(例如煤油),二甲基甲酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,二甲基亚砜,芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯,水,还有助剂,例如乳化剂如山梨糖醇单油酸酯、具有3-7摩尔氧化乙烯的油基乙氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化物,芳香油如香精油,中脂肪酸与较低醇的酯,芳族羰基化合物,如果合适的话稳定剂如苯甲酸钠,两性表面活性剂,较低环氧化物,原甲酸三乙酯和如果需要的话推进剂如丙烷、丁烷、氮气、压缩空气、二甲醚、二氧化碳、一氧化二氮或这些气体的混合物。
油喷雾配制剂不同于气溶胶配方之处在于不使用推进剂。
本发明混合物和它们各自的组合物也可用在蚊香和薰香、烟筒、蒸发器板、长期蒸发器或其他热独立的蒸发器系统中。
用本发明混合物和它们各自的组合物防治由昆虫传播的传染病(例如疟疾、登革热和黄热病、淋巴丝虫病和利什曼病)的方法还包括处理棚屋和房子的表面,气力喷雾和浸渍窗帘、帐篷、衣物件、床品,采采蝇捕集器等。施用于纤维、织物、针织品、无纺布、网织品材料或箔和油布的杀虫组合物优选包含包括杀虫剂、任选驱避剂和至少一种粘合剂的混合物。
本发明混合物和包含它们的组合物可用于保护木制材料如树、木栅栏、枕木等和建筑物如房子、外屋、工厂,以及建筑材料、家具、皮革、纤维、乙烯基制品、电线和电缆等不受蚂蚁和/或白蚁损害,以及用于防治蚂蚁和白蚁不损害作物或人类(例如当害虫侵入房子和公共建筑时)。本发明混合物不仅施用于周围土壤表面上或地板下土壤中以保护木制材料,而且它可施用于木料制品如地板下混凝土、凉亭立柱、梁、胶合板、家具等的表面,木制制品如碎料板、半木板等和乙烯基制品如涂覆电线、乙烯基片材,绝热材料如苯乙烯泡沫等。在对抗蚂蚁不损害作物或人类的施用的情况下,本发明蚂蚁防治组合物直接施用于蚂蚁巢或它的周围环境或借助诱饵接触。本发明混合物的化合物或组合物也可预防性施用于预期害虫的出现地。
在土壤处理或施用于害虫居所或巢的情况下,活性成分的混合物的量为0.0001-500g每100m2,优选0.001-20g每100m2。
在材料保护中,常规施用率例如为0.01-1000g活性化合物的混合物每m2处理材料,理想地为0.1-50g每m2。
用在材料浸渍中的杀虫组合物通常含0.001-95重量%,优选0.1-45重量%,更优选1-25重量%活性成分混合物。
对于用在诱饵组合物中,活性成分混合物的通常含量为0.0001-15重量%,理想地为0.001-5重量%活性化合物。所用的组合物也可包含其他添加剂如活性材料的溶剂、芳香剂、防腐剂、染料或苦味剂。它的引诱力也可通过特殊颜色、形状或结构而增强。
对于在喷雾组合物中的使用,活性成分混合物的含量为0.001-80重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,最优选0.01-15重量%。
对于在处理作物植物中的使用,本发明活性成分混合物的施用率可以为0.1-4000g每公顷,理想地为25-600g每公顷,更理想地为50-500g每公顷。
本发明的目的还提供适用于处理、防治、防止和保护温血动物,包括人类和鱼不受害虫侵染和侵袭的混合物。在动物和/或人类上或中的害虫防治可遭遇的问题与开头描述的那些相似,即需要降低的剂量率和/或增强的活性谱和/或击倒活性与长期防治和/或耐药性治理的组合。
本发明还提供一种处理、防治、防止和保护温血动物,包括人类和鱼不受害虫,优选蚤目(Siphonaptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、半翅目(Hemiptera)、直翅目(Orthoptera)、蜱螨目(Acarina)、毛虱目(Phthiraptera)和双翅目(Diptera)侵染和侵袭的方法,其包括将杀虫有效量的本发明混合物或组合物口服给药、局部给药或肠胃外给药或施用至所述动物。
本发明还提供一种制备用于防治害虫和处理、防止或保护温血动物或鱼不受害虫侵染或侵袭的组合物的方法,所述害虫优选蚤目(Siphonaptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、半翅目(Hemiptera)、直翅目(Orthoptera)、蜱螨目(Acarina)、毛虱目(Phthiraptera)和双翅目(Diptera),其包括将杀虫有效量的化合物(I)与(II)和任选常规配制剂助剂混合。
以上方法特别用于防治和防止在温血动物如牛、绵羊、猪、骆驼、鹿、马、家禽、山羊、狗和猫以及人类中的侵染和侵袭。
还提供杀虫有效量的化合物(I)和(II)和任选其他常规配制剂助剂在制备以上组合物中的用途。
包括,但不限于虱子、咬虱、壁虱、鼻蝇、羊蜱蝇、刺蝇、muscoid蝇、蝇、myiasitic蝇幼虫、恙螨、蠓虫、蚊子和跳蚤在温血动物和鱼中的侵染可通过本发明混合物防治、防止或消除。
对于温血动物的口服给药,可以将本发明混合物配制成动物饲料、动物饲料预混物、动物饲料浓缩物、丸剂、溶液、糊、悬浮液、浸液、凝胶、片剂、大丸剂和胶囊。此外,本发明混合物可以在其饮用水中给药于动物。对于口服给药,所选剂型应给动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的混合物。
作为选择,本发明混合物可肠胃外给药于动物,例如通过腔内、肌内、静脉内或皮下注射。对于皮下注射,本发明混合物可分散或溶解于生理可接受载体中。作为选择,本发明混合物可配制成皮下给药用植入物。另外,本发明混合物可透皮给药于动物。对于肠胃外给药,选择的剂型应以0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的混合物提供给动物。
本发明混合物也可以以浸液、粉剂、粉末、项圈、挂牌(medallions)、喷剂、蘸点(spot-on)和喷淋配制剂的形式局部施用于动物。对于局部施用,浸液和喷雾剂通常含0.5-5,000ppm,优选1-3,000ppm本发明化合物。另外,本发明混合物可配制成动物,特别是四足动物如牛和绵羊用耳贴。
因此,本发明另一方面提供本发明混合物在制备兽医药品,尤其是抗寄生物药品中的用途。
本发明混合物的杀虫作用可通过以下一个或多个实验证实:
豆蚜(甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae))
通过将侵染的切割植物放于测试植物的顶部而将生长在Metro在第一对叶阶段的旱金莲属植物(品种为‘Mixed Jewle’)用约2-30只实验室饲养的蚜虫侵染。24小时后移走切割的植物。将每个植物浸入测试溶液中以提供叶、茎、突出种子表面和周围立方表面的完全覆盖,并使得在通风厨中干燥。用连续荧光灯使处理的植物保持在约25℃。
3天后测定蚜虫死亡率。
棉籽象鼻虫(墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis))
活性化合物以1∶3DMSO∶水配制。将10-15个卵放入装有2%的水中琼脂和300ppm甲醛水的微滴定板中。将卵用20μl测试溶液喷雾,将板用穿孔箔密封并在24-26℃和75-85%湿度下日/夜循环保持3-5天。死亡率基于琼脂表面上剩余的未孵化卵或幼虫和/或由孵化的幼虫导致的挖掘通道的量和深度评估。测试重复2次。
褐飞虱(Brown planthopper)(稻飞虱(nilaparvata lugens))
活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水配制。将盆栽稻秧苗用10ml测试溶液喷雾,风干,放置在笼里并接种给10只成虫。24、72和120小时后记录死亡率百分数。
马铃薯甲虫(Colorado Potato Beetle)(马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsadecemlineata))
马铃薯植物用于生物测定。将切离的植物叶浸入活性化合物的1∶1丙酮/水稀释液中。在叶子干燥以后,将它们分别放在陪替氏(Petri)培养皿底部的水润湿滤纸上。每个皿用5-7个幼虫侵染并用盖盖住。每种处理稀释液重复4次。测试皿保持在约27℃和60%湿度下。在处理施用之后5天评估每个皿中活的和病态的幼虫数,并计算死亡率百分数。
棉蚜(Cotton aphid)(棉蚜(Aphis gossypii))
将子叶期的棉花植物(每个罐中一棵植物)通过将来自种群的重度侵染的叶子放置在每个子叶的顶部而侵染。使蚜虫整夜输送至寄主植物,并且取出用于输送蚜虫的叶子。将子叶浸入测试溶液并使其干燥。5天后计算死亡率。
豇豆蚜虫(Cowpea aphid)(黑豆蚜(aphis craccivora))
活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水配制。在已记录害虫数量之后,将用100-150只各种阶段的蚜虫集群的盆栽豇豆植物喷雾。24、72和120小时后记录数量的降低。
小菜蛾(Diamond back moth)(菜蛾(plutella xylostella))
活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水和0.1%(体积/体积)Alkamuls EL 620表面活性剂配制。将卷心菜叶的6cm叶圆片浸入测试溶液中3秒并使其在列有湿滤纸的陪替氏培养皿中风干。将叶圆片用10只三龄幼虫接种并在25-27℃和50-60%湿度下保持3天。处理72小时后评估死亡率。
Green Peach Aphid(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))
活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水和100ppm表面活性剂配制。
通过将侵染的叶片放于测试植物的顶部而将第二对叶阶段的胡椒植物(品种为“California Wonder”)用约40只实验室饲养的蚜虫侵染。24小时后移走叶片。将整个植物的叶子浸入试验化合物的梯度溶液中并使其干燥。测试植物在荧光灯(24小时光周期)下保持在约25℃和20-40%相对湿度。5天后确定相对于对照植物上的死亡率处理植物上的蚜虫死亡率。
地中海果蝇(Mediterranean fruitfly)(地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata))
活性化合物以1∶3DMSO∶水配制。将50-80个卵放入装有水中0.5%琼脂和14%食物的微滴定板中。将卵用5μl测试溶液喷雾,将板用穿孔箔密封并在27-29℃和75-85%湿度下在荧光灯下保持6天。死亡率基于孵化卵的活动性估计。测试重复2次。
黑尾叶蝉(Rice green leafhopper)(二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens))
在喷雾以前,将稻秧苗清洗并ished24小时。活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水配制并加入0.1%体积/体积表面活性剂(EL 620)。将盆栽稻秧苗用5ml测试溶液喷雾,风干,放置在笼中并用10只成虫接种。处理的到植物保持在28-29℃和50-60%的相对湿度下。72小时后记录死亡率百分数。
稻飞虱Rice plant hopper(稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens))
在喷雾以前,将稻秧苗清洗并ished24小时。活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水配制并加入0.1%体积/体积表面活性剂(EL 620)。将盆栽稻秧苗用5ml测试溶液喷雾,风干,放置在笼中并用10只成虫接种。处理的稻植物保持在28-29℃和50-60%的相对湿度下。72小时后记录死亡率百分数。
银叶粉虱(Silverleaf whitefly)(银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii))
选择的棉花植物生长至子叶期(每个罐中一棵植物)。将子叶浸入测试溶液中以提供叶的完全覆盖并放置在很好通风区以干燥。将每个具有处理秧苗的罐放置在塑料杯中并引入10-12只粉虱成虫(约3-5天龄)。使用吸气器和连接有防护吸管头的0.6cm无毒管(R-3603)收集昆虫。然后,
将含收集的昆虫的管头轻轻地插入含处理植物的箔中,使昆虫从管头爬出以到达叶以进食。将杯子用可再使用的筛盖(来自Tetko Inc的150微米筛孔聚酯筛PeCap)盖住。使测试植物在保藏室中在约25℃和20-40%的相对湿度下保持3天,同时避免直接曝露于荧光灯(24小时光周期)下以防止杯内热的诱捕。植物处理之后3天评估死亡率。
南方粘虫(Southern armyworm)(南部灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera eridania)),二龄幼虫
将活性化合物配制成10,000ppm在35%丙酮和水混合物中的溶液以测试对抗昆虫和蜘蛛的活性,其中如果需要的话,将溶液用水稀释。
在搅拌下将叶扩展至7-8cm长度的Sieva菜豆的叶子浸入测试溶液中3秒并在通风橱中干燥。然后将叶放入100×10mm底部含湿滤纸的陪替氏培养皿中并用10只二龄毛虫侵染。在5天时观察死亡率、进食减退或任何正常蜕皮干扰。
烟青虫(Tobacco Budworm)(烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens))
双叶棉花植物用于生物测定。将切离的植物叶浸入活性化合物的1∶1丙酮/水稀释液中。在叶子干燥以后,将它们分别放在陪替氏(Petri)培养皿底部的水润湿滤纸上。每个皿用5-7个幼虫侵染并用盖盖住。每种处理稀释液重复4次。测试皿保持在约27℃和60%湿度下。在处理施用之后5天评估每个皿中活的和病态的幼虫数,并计算死亡率百分数。
二点叶螨(二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),OP-耐药性应变)
活性化合物以50∶50丙酮∶水和100ppm表面活性剂配制。
将具有扩展至7-12cm的初生叶的Sieva菜豆植物通过放置在每个来自种群的侵染叶(约100只螨)的小片上而侵染。这在处理之前约2小时时进行以使螨移至测试植物以产卵。取出用来转移螨的叶片。将新侵染的植物浸入测试溶液中并使其干燥。将测试植物在荧光灯(24小时光周期)下保持在约25℃和20-40%的相对湿度下。5天后取出一片叶并计算死亡率。
巢蚜(Megoura viciae)
活性化合物以1∶3DMSO∶水配制。将豆叶圆片放入装有0.8%琼脂和2.5ppmOPUSTM的微滴定板中。将叶圆片用2.5μl测试溶液喷雾,并将5-8只成虫蚜虫放入然后关闭的微滴定板中并在荧光灯下保持在22-24℃和35-45%下6天。死亡率基于活着的、再生的蚜虫而评估。测试重复2次。
麦蚜(禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi))
活性化合物以1∶3DMSO∶水配制。将Barlay叶圆片放入装有0.8%琼脂和2.5ppmOPUSTM的微滴定板中。将叶圆片用2.5μl测试溶液喷雾,并将3-8只成虫蚜虫放入然后关闭的微滴定板中并在荧光灯下保持在22-24℃和35-45%下5天。死亡率基于活着的蚜虫而评估。测试重复2次。
杀线虫评估
使用5%丙酮和0.05%TWEEN 20(聚氧化乙烯(2)脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸值)作为表面活性剂将测试化合物制备和配制成含水配制剂。
根结线虫(北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)和南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita))的测试程序:
番茄(品种Bonny Best)种子在平地中发芽,然后在第一真叶阶段将秧苗转移至种植池。池中土壤为1∶1的沙壤土与粗砂的混合。将移植苗在温室中保持1星期。将化合物作为土壤浸液以1ml每种植池施用。每种处理重复3次。稍后的同一天,将植物用由两种根结线虫北方根结线虫和南方根结线虫的混合种群组成的J2线虫的含水悬浮液以1ml 1000J2s每池接种。接种之后将植物在湿侵染室中保持1天,然后移至温室和底水直至收割根体系以评估。
接种后2星期,收割番茄根体系并计数每个根体系上的根结虫瘿数。
杀线虫活性作为根结虫瘿中百分数降低而计算如下:
T=用于处理的根结虫瘿的中间值。
SB=用于溶剂空白防治的根结虫瘿的中间值。
根结虫瘿中百分数的降低=(SB-T)/SB)*100%。
黄胸散白蚁(Eastern subterranean termites)(Reticulitérmes flávipes)和台湾家白蚁(Formosan subterranean termites)(台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus))
毒药处理(1.0%测试化合物w/w)施用至丙酮溶液中的4.25cm(直径)滤纸(VWR#413,定性)。处理水平(%测试化合物)在106.5mg的每滤纸平均重量的基础上计算。调整处理溶液以提供213ml丙酮(纸饱和所需的体积)中每纸所需的毒药量(mg)。丙酮仅用于未处理对照。使处理的纸通风以蒸发丙酮,用0.25ml水弄湿,并封入具有吻合紧密的盖的50×9mm陪替氏培养皿中(每皿侧有3mm的孔以便白蚁进入)。
白蚁生物测定在具有10g在每个皿底部铺成薄层的细砂的100×15mm陪替氏培养皿中进行。另外2.5g砂堆靠在每个皿的对侧。将砂用2.8ml施用至堆积的砂上的水弄湿。按需要在生物测定期间将水加入皿中以保持高含湿量。生物测定用一种处理滤器(内部封闭)和每测试皿30只白工蚁进行。每个处理水平在2个测试皿中重复。测试皿在约25℃和85%湿度下保持12天并每日观察死亡率。
兰花蓟马(Orchid thrips)(兰花蓟马(Dichromothrips corbetti))
用于生物测定的兰花蓟马成虫由连续保持在实验室条件下的种群中得到。为了测试,将测试化合物在1∶1的丙酮∶水混合物加上0.01%Kinetic表面活性剂中稀释至500ppm(重量化合物∶体积稀释剂)的浓度。
每种化合物的牧草虫效力通过使用植物浸渍技术评估。塑料陪替氏培养皿用作测试场。将个体、无损伤兰花的所有花瓣浸入处理溶液中约3秒并使其干燥2小时。将处理的花连同10-15只成虫牧草虫放入单独的陪替氏培养皿中。然后将陪替氏培养皿用盖盖住。所有测试场在连续光和约28℃的温度下保持测定期间。4天后,计数每朵花和每个陪替氏培养皿内壁上的活牧草虫数。牧草虫死亡率的水平由预处理牧草虫数推知。
伊蚊(Yellowfever mosquitos)(埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti))
将测试化合物(丙酮中1体积%)施用至含四龄埃及伊蚊的玻璃皿中的水中。测试皿保持在约25℃下并每日观察死亡率。每个测试在3种测试皿中重复。
测试方法学
1.借助玻璃接触对抗阿根廷蚂蚁(Argentine ant)、收获蚁(harvester ant)、举腹蚁(acrobat ant)、木蚁(carpenter ant)、火蚁、家蝇、厩蝇(stable fly)、麻蝇、伊蚊(Yellowfever mosquitos)、家蚊、疟蚊、德国小蠊(Germancockroach)、猫跳蚤和棕色犬璧虱(brown dog tick)的活性
将玻璃小瓶(20ml闪烁瓶)用0.5ml的活性成分在丙酮中的溶液处理。每个小瓶未封盖滚动约10分钟以使得活性成分完全涂覆小瓶并使得丙酮完全干燥。将昆虫或壁虱放入每个小瓶中。将小瓶保持在22℃下并观察各个时间间隔下的处理效果。
2.借助土壤接触对抗阿根廷蚂蚁(Argentine ant)、举腹蚁(acrobat ant)、木蚁(carpenter ant)、火蚁和黄胸散白蚁(Eastern subterranean termites)的活性
对于蚂蚁,测试在陪替氏培养皿中进行。将1%琼脂在水中的薄层分散在皿中并将佛罗里达沙壤土铺展在琼脂上(对于小皿5g,对于较大皿11g)。使活性成分溶于丙酮中并分散在砂上。将皿通风以蒸发丙酮,用蚂蚁侵染并覆盖。将20%蜂蜜水溶液放在每个皿中。将皿保持在22℃下并观察各个时间间隔下的死亡率。
对于白蚁,将1%琼脂薄层分散在陪替氏培养皿中。将预处理的土壤薄层铺展在琼脂上。对于土壤处理,将活性成分在重量∶重量基础上在丙酮中稀释并掺入100g土壤中。将土壤放置在罐中并通风48小时。土壤的湿度水平通过加入7ml水而达到田间持水量。将白工蚁引入每个皿中。1天后将小片滤纸作为食物源放入每个皿中并按照需要加入额外的水以保持土壤湿度。在暗培育箱中将测试皿保持在25℃和约80%相对湿度下。每日观察白蚁的死亡率(死亡的或不能垂直站立和仅显示弱移动性)。
3.借助诱饵对抗阿根廷蚂蚁(Argentine ant)、举腹蚁(acrobat ant)、木蚁(carpenter ant)、火蚁、家蝇、黄胸散白蚁(Eastern subterraneantermites)、台湾地下白蚁(Formosan subterranean termites)和德国小蠊(German cockroach)的活性
对于阿根廷蚂蚁(Argentine ant)、举腹蚁(acrobat ant)和木蚁(carpenter ant),测试在陪替氏培养皿中进行。给蚂蚁水源,然后断绝食物源24小时。诱饵用20%蜂蜜/水溶液或磨碎的猫食制备。将丙酮中的活性成分加入诱饵中。将放置在盖中的0.2ml处理的蜂蜜水溶液或150mg处理的猫食加入每个皿中。将皿盖住并保持在22℃下。每日观察蚂蚁的死亡率。
对于火蚁,玉米渣用作诱饵基质。玉米渣诱饵使用脱脂玉米渣(80%)、豆油(19.9%)、丙酮和活性成分(0.1%)的混合物制备。向陪替氏培养皿提供水源。将火蚁成虫放入每个皿中。第二天,将250mg诱饵容器中的诱饵放入皿中。每日观察蚂蚁的死亡率。
对于家蝇,诱饵测试用年龄为萌发后2-5天的成虫进行。将丙酮中的活性成分施用于由1∶1的粉状奶和糖混合物组成的诱饵基质中,然后使其干燥。测定在具有250mg诱饵的罐中进行,诱饵放置在每个罐底的盘子中。将家蝇放入盖住的诱饵罐中。测试罐保持在22℃下。处理之后4小时时观察测试罐以确定击倒(死亡加上病态(不能垂直站立))。
对于白蚁,将丙酮中的活性成分施用至滤纸。活性成分%基于滤纸的重量计算。丙酮仅用于未处理对照。将处理的纸通风以蒸发丙酮,用ml水弄湿并放置有砂的陪替氏培养皿。按照需要,在测试期间加入水。生物测定用一种处理滤器和每测试皿约30只白工蚁进行。测试皿保持在25℃和约85%相对湿度下并每日观察死亡率(死亡或濒死昆虫)或中毒。每日取出死亡或濒死态昆虫。
对于蟑螂,具有通风盖的塑料蟑螂盒用作测试场。场的顶部3-4cm用Vaseline和矿物油处理以防止蟑螂逃脱。按照需要提供水。诱饵使用磨碎的猫食制备,并将丙酮中的活性成分基于重量∶重量比掺入。使处理的食物干燥。将蟑螂放入盒中并在引入诱饵之前饿24小时。以每盒0.03g诱饵放在称重的船式器皿中。盒保持在22℃下并每日观察蟑螂的死亡率。
4.借助水处理对抗伊蚊(Yellowfever mosquitos)、南方家蚊(southern housemosquitos)和疟蚊幼虫的活性
孔板用作测试场。活性成分溶于丙酮中并用水稀释以得到所需的浓度。将最后含约1%丙酮的溶液放入每个孔中。将1ml水中约10只蚊子幼虫(4龄)加入每个孔中。使幼虫每天进食1滴肝粉。将皿盖住并保持在22℃下。每日记录死亡率并每日取出死亡的幼虫和活的或死的蛹。在测试最后记录仍活着的幼虫并计算百分数死亡率。
每个测试重复至少3次。
为确定农药混合物是否协同增效,使用Limpel公式:
E=X+Y-XY/100
E=混合物的预期死亡率%
X=单独测定的化合物X的死亡率%,
Y=单独测定的化合物Y的死亡率%,
如果混合物观察的死亡率%大于预期死亡率%,则证明有协同增效。
测试结果显示本发明混合物与单个活性的计算之和相比,显示出显著的增强活性,表明有协同增效作用。
Claims (16)
2.权利要求1的农药混合物,其中所述式(I)化合物为氰氟虫腙。
3.权利要求1或2的农药混合物,其以100∶1-1∶100的重量比包含式(I)化合物和式(II)化合物。
4.一种包含液体或固体载体和权利要求1-3的混合物的农药组合物。
5.权利要求4的农药组合物,其为可乳化浓缩物(EC)配制剂。
6.权利要求5的农药EC配制剂,其包含:
a)权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物;
b)包含如下组分的溶剂体系:
b1)γ-丁内酯,
b2)一种或多种脂族和/或芳族酮,和
b3)任选一种或多种芳族烃;
c)一种或多种乳化剂;
d)任选其他配制剂添加剂。
7.权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物在防治害虫中的用途。
8.一种防治害虫的方法,其包括使害虫或它们的食物源、栖息地、繁殖地或它们的场所与杀虫有效量的权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物接触。
9.一种保护植物不受害虫侵袭或侵染的方法,其包括使植物或植物在其中生长的土壤或水与杀虫有效量的权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物接触。
10.权利要求8或9的方法,其中所述权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物以5-2000g/ha的量施用。
11.权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物在种子保护中的用途。
12.一种保护种子的方法,其包括在播种之前和/或发芽处理之后使种子与杀虫有效量的权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物接触。
13.以0.1g-10kg每100kg种子的量包含权利要求1-3中任一项的混合物的种子。
14.一种处理、防治、防止或保护温血动物或鱼不受害虫侵染或侵袭的方法,其包括将杀虫有效量的权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物口服、局部给药或肠胃外给药或施用至所述动物或鱼。
15.一种制备用于处理、防治、防止或保护温血动物或鱼不受害虫侵染或侵袭的组合物的方法,其中该组合物包含杀虫有效量的权利要求1-3任一项中定义的混合物或权利要求4-6任一项中定义的组合物。
16.权利要求8、9、10、12或14的方法,其中权利要求1-3中定义的化合物(I)和(II)同时,即联合或分开,或连续施用。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103300036A (zh) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 陕西韦尔奇作物保护有限公司 | 一种含氟啶虫酰胺的杀虫组合物 |
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