CN101295187A - Pressure-controlled current source and bipolar controllable electric power - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-polarity controllable power supply and belongs to the fields of signal conversion, automatic control and electronic equipment. The dual-polarity controllable power supply consists of an operational amplifier, a voltage control current source and a diode, wherein, the voltage control current source comprises a positive and negative voltage conversion unit, a positive and negative current driving unit, etc.; the voltage conversion unit and the current driving unit are single-polarity current sources which are controlled by differential voltage. The controllable power supply is a controlled power supply, a method that external auxiliary circuits are added can be used for conveniently realizing four normal controlled power supplies: voltage control current source (VCCS), current control current source (CCCS), voltage control voltage source (VCVC) and current control voltage source (CCVS); alternatively, simple links can be also added to form application circuits of other forms. The dual-polarity controllable power supply has the advantages of high precision, fast dynamic response and easy integration, etc. and has wide application value.

Description

Voltage-controlled current source and bipolar controllable electric power thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to two kinds of voltage-controlled current sources and three kinds of bipolar controllable electric powers thereof, belong to signal transformation, control and electronic device field automatically.

Background technology

Controlled source is as important ingredient in an autonomous device or the electronic equipment in signal Processing, power supply, power drive, electronic device, remote signal transmission equipment, its reliability, stability, precision etc. have significant effects to the operate as normal of electronic equipment, and its cost, volume size have conclusive effect especially to the scope of application.

General controlled source is generally the unipolarity power supply, realizes relatively difficulty of positive negative bipolar adjusting.

The simple common precision of controlled source is low, volume is big, dynamic response is slow, be difficult to carry out the positive negative bipolar adjusting, and many-sided reasons such as the higher bipolarity controlled source of precision is big owing to complex structure, volume, cost height have limited its range of application.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bipolar controllable electric power.

The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.

A kind of conventional type voltage-controlled current source, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two minus side signal input parts are minus side in-phase input end Cs1 and minus side inverting input Cs3, two positive side signal input parts are positive side in-phase input end Cs2 and just side inverting input Cs4, a current output terminal Cs0; It is characterized in that: the conventional type voltage-controlled current source is by the negative voltage converter unit, the positive voltage converter unit, resistance R 1 and R2, the negative current drive unit, the positive current driver element is formed, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that the negative voltage converter unit has two power ends, three signal end nb11, nb12 and nb13, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that the positive voltage converter unit has two power ends, three signal end pb21, pb22 and pb23, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that there are two power ends the negative current drive unit, three signal end nq31, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that nq32 and nq33, positive current driver element have two power ends, three signal end pq41, pq42 and pq43; The signal end nb11 of negative voltage converter unit and nb12 meet input end Cs1 and the Cs3 into voltage-controlled current source respectively, the signal end pb21 of positive voltage converter unit and pb22 meet input end Cs2 and the Cs4 into voltage-controlled current source respectively, the signal end nb13 of negative voltage converter unit and the signal end nq31 of negative current drive unit are connected and connect by resistance R 1 negative power end-the Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end pb23 of positive voltage converter unit and the signal end pq41 of positive current driver element are connected and connect by resistance R 2 positive power source terminal+the Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end nq32 of negative current drive unit meets the negative power end-Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end pq42 of positive current driver element meets the positive power source terminal+Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end nq33 of negative current drive unit is connected with the signal end pq43 of positive current driver element and meets current output terminal Cs0 into voltage-controlled current source, negative voltage converter unit, the positive voltage converter unit, the negative current drive unit, the positive-negative power end of positive current driver element is connected respectively and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of voltage-controlled current source and-Pv.

Conventional type voltage-controlled current source structured flowchart as shown in Figure 1.

Described negative voltage converter unit is by operational amplifier A 1, voltage stabilizing diode D10, igbt T1, resistance R 10 is formed with R11, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A1 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of negative voltage converter unit and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A1 is the signal end nb11 of negative voltage converter unit, the negative input end of amplifier A1 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 1 and meets the signal end nb12 of negative voltage converter unit by resistance R 11, the output terminal of amplifier A1 is connected by the grid of resistance R 10 with transistor T 1, stabilivolt D10 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 1, and the collector of transistor T 1 meets the signal end nb13 into the negative voltage converter unit; Described positive voltage converter unit is by operational amplifier A 2, voltage stabilizing diode D20, igbt T2, resistance R 20 is formed with R21, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A2 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of positive voltage converter unit and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A2 is the signal end pb21 of positive voltage converter unit, the negative input end of amplifier A2 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 2 and meets the signal end pb22 of positive voltage converter unit by resistance R 21, the output terminal of amplifier A2 is connected by the grid of resistance R 20 with transistor T 2, stabilivolt D20 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 2, and the collector of transistor T 2 meets the signal end pb23 into the positive voltage converter unit; Described negative current drive unit is by operational amplifier A 3, voltage stabilizing diode D30, igbt T3, resistance R 30 is formed with R31, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A3 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of negative current drive unit and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A3 is the signal end nq31 of negative current drive unit, the negative input end of amplifier A3 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 3 and meets the signal end nq32 of negative current drive unit by resistance R 31, the output terminal of amplifier A3 is connected by the grid of resistance R 30 with transistor T 3, stabilivolt D30 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 3, and the collector of transistor T 3 meets the signal end nq33 into the negative current drive unit; Described positive current driver element is by operational amplifier A 4, voltage stabilizing diode D40, igbt T4, resistance R 40 is formed with R41, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A4 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of positive current driver element and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A4 is the signal end pq41 of positive current driver element, the negative input end of amplifier A4 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 4 and meets the signal end pq42 of positive current driver element by resistance R 41, the output terminal of amplifier A4 is connected by the grid of resistance R 40 with transistor T 4, stabilivolt D40 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 4, and the collector of transistor T 4 meets the signal end pq43 into the positive current driver element.

The structure principle chart of conventional type voltage-controlled current source as shown in Figure 2.

A kind of reduced form voltage-controlled current source, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two minus side signal input parts are minus side in-phase input end Cs1 and minus side inverting input Cs3, two positive side signal input parts are positive side in-phase input end Cs2 and just side inverting input Cs4, a current output terminal Cs0; It is characterized in that: the reduced form voltage-controlled current source is by operational amplifier A 1, A2, A3, A4, resistance R 1, R2, R11, R21, R31, R41, igbt T1, T2, T3, T4 forms, amplifier A1, A2, A3, the positive-negative power end of A4 is connected respectively and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of voltage-controlled current source and-Pv, the positive input terminal of amplifier A1 and A2 meets input end Cs1 and the Cs2 into voltage-controlled current source respectively, the negative input end of amplifier A1 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 1 and meets the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 11, the negative input end of amplifier A2 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 2 and meets the input end Cs4 of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 21, the output terminal of amplifier A1 is connected with the grid of transistor T 1, the output terminal of amplifier A2 is connected with the grid of transistor T 2, the collector of transistor T 1 is connected with the positive input terminal of amplifier A3 and meets the negative power end-Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 1, the collector of transistor T 2 is connected with the positive input terminal of amplifier A4 and meets the positive power source terminal+Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 2, the negative input end of amplifier A3 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 3 and meets the negative power end-Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 31, the negative input end of amplifier A4 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 4 and meets the positive power source terminal+Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 41, the output terminal of amplifier A3 is connected with the grid of transistor T 3, the output terminal of amplifier A4 is connected with the grid of transistor T 4, and transistor T 3 is connected with the collector of T4 and meets output terminal Cs0 into voltage-controlled current source.

The structure principle chart of reduced form voltage-controlled current source as shown in Figure 3.

Described conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source are integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic voltage-controlled current source device and use, and monolithic voltage-controlled current source device has seven pins: two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two minus side signal input parts are minus side in-phase input end Cs1 and minus side inverting input Cs3, two positive side signal input parts are positive side in-phase input end Cs2 and just side inverting input Cs4, a current output terminal Cs0.

A kind of combined bipolar controllable electric power, it is combined controllable electric power, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are that inverting input ss1 (-) and in-phase input end ss2 (+), a feedback output end ss0, two input ends are negative input end Ncs and positive input terminal Pcs, a power output end ss3; It is characterized in that: combined controllable electric power is by input operational amplifier A0, voltage-controlled current source, diode D1 and D2 form, wherein voltage-controlled current source is conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source, amplifier A0 is connected respectively with the positive-negative power end of voltage-controlled current source and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of controllable electric power and-Pv, the negative input end of amplifier A0 meets the inverting input ss1 into controllable electric power, the positive input termination of amplifier A0 is the in-phase input end ss2 of controllable electric power, the output termination of amplifier A0 is the feedback output end ss0 of controllable electric power, the input end Cs1 of voltage-controlled current source is connected with Cs2 and meets input end Pcs into controllable electric power, the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source is connected with Cs4 and meets input end Ncs into controllable electric power, the output terminal Cs0 of voltage-controlled current source meets the output terminal ss3 into controllable electric power, positive-negative power end+Pv that the negative pole of diode D2 and D1 positive pole connect controllable electric power respectively and-Pv, the positive pole of diode D2 was connected with the output terminal ss3 of controllable electric power with the D1 negative pole while.

Described combined bipolar controllable electric power is integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic controllable electric power device and uses, and monolithic controllable electric power device has eight pins: two power ends are that negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are that inverting input and in-phase input end, feedback output end, two input ends are negative input end Ncs and positive input terminal Pcs, a power output end.

The structure principle chart of combined bipolar controllable electric power is shown in Fig. 4 a, and the circuitous pattern symbol of combined bipolar controllable electric power is shown in Fig. 4 b.

A kind of with the facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power, promptly with the facies pattern controllable electric power, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv with positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts be inverting input ss1 (-) with in-phase input end ss2 (+), feedback output end ss0, two adjust that to hold be negative justification end Nadj and positive justification end Padj, a power output end ss3; It is characterized in that: with the facies pattern controllable electric power by input operational amplifier A0, voltage-controlled current source, diode D1 and D2 form, wherein voltage-controlled current source is conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source, amplifier A0 is connected respectively with the positive-negative power end of voltage-controlled current source and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of controllable electric power and-Pv, the negative input end of amplifier A0 meets the inverting input ss1 into controllable electric power, the positive input termination of amplifier A0 is the in-phase input end ss2 of controllable electric power, the output terminal of amplifier A0 is connected with Cs2 with the input end Cs1 of voltage-controlled current source and meets feedback output end ss0 into controllable electric power, the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source and Cs4 meet adjustment end Nadj and the Padj into controllable electric power respectively, the output terminal Cs0 of voltage-controlled current source meets the output terminal ss3 into controllable electric power, positive-negative power end+Pv that the negative pole of diode D2 and D1 positive pole connect controllable electric power respectively and-Pv, the positive pole of diode D2 was connected with the output terminal ss3 of controllable electric power with the D1 negative pole while.

Described being integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic controllable electric power device with the facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power used, and monolithic controllable electric power device has eight pins: two power ends are negative power end-Pv and to be inverting input hold with in-phase input end, feedback output end, two adjustment is negative justification end Nadj and positive justification end Padj, a power output end for positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts.

With the structure principle chart of facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power shown in Fig. 5 a, with the circuitous pattern symbol of facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power shown in Fig. 5 b.

A kind of anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power, it is anti-phase type controllable electric power, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are inverting input ss1 (-) and in-phase input end ss2 (+), feedback output end ss0, two promptly negative set end Nsav of set ends and just set end Psav, a power output end ss3; It is characterized in that: anti-phase type controllable electric power is by input operational amplifier A0, voltage-controlled current source, diode D1 and D2 form, wherein voltage-controlled current source is conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source, amplifier A0 is connected respectively with the positive-negative power end of voltage-controlled current source and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of controllable electric power and-Pv, the negative input end of amplifier A0 meets the inverting input ss1 into controllable electric power, the positive input termination of amplifier A0 is the in-phase input end ss2 of controllable electric power, the output terminal of amplifier A0 is connected with Cs4 with the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source and meets feedback output end ss0 into controllable electric power, the input end Cs1 of voltage-controlled current source and Cs2 meet set end Nsav and the Psav into controllable electric power respectively, the output terminal Cs0 of voltage-controlled current source meets the output terminal ss3 into controllable electric power, positive-negative power end+Pv that the negative pole of diode D2 and D1 positive pole connect controllable electric power respectively and-Pv, the positive pole of diode D2 was connected with the output terminal ss3 of controllable electric power with the D1 negative pole while.

Described anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power is integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic controllable electric power device and uses, and monolithic controllable electric power device has eight pins: two power ends are negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are inverting input and in-phase input end, feedback output end, two promptly negative set end Nsav of set ends and just set end Psav, a power output end.

The structure principle chart of anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power is shown in Fig. 6 a, and the circuitous pattern symbol of anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power is shown in Fig. 6 b.

The relative application that is fit to high power supply voltage of conventional type voltage-controlled current source with the controllable electric power of forming thus, the relative application that is fit to low supply voltage of reduced form voltage-controlled current source with the controllable electric power of forming thus.

Because the collector current of gated transistor equates (collector current of normal transistor and emitter current are also more approaching) with emitter current, the size of having controlled emitter current has also just been controlled the size of collector current.

The voltage of the relative nb12 of voltage of negative voltage converter unit signal input part nb11 is timing, and amplifier A1 just is output as, and makes the grid voltage of transistor T 1 be higher than emitter voltage, and transistor T 1 ends, and the voltage on the resistance R 1 is zero at this moment; No-voltage on the resistance R 1 is added on the negative current drive unit, because degenerative effect, the output current of transistor T 3 is zero.When the voltage of the relative nb12 of voltage of negative voltage converter unit signal input part nb11 is negative, amplifier A1 is output as negative, make the grid voltage of transistor T 1 be lower than emitter voltage, transistor T 1 conducting, the electric current that flows through resistance R 1 equates with the electric current that flows through resistance R 11, because the positive-negative input end voltage of degenerative effect amplifier A1 is equal, then: voltage on the resistance R 1 and input voltage (U _Nb11-U _Nb12) the pass be:

$U_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20081010057900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}1}=R_1{I}_{R11}=\frac{R_1}{R_{11}}(U_{\mathrm{nb}11}-U_{\mathrm{nb}12})$

Voltage on the resistance R 1 is added on the negative current drive unit, amplifier A3 just is output as, make the grid voltage of transistor T 3 be higher than emitter voltage, transistor T 3 conductings, the output current of negative current drive unit equates with the electric current that flows through resistance R 31, because the positive-negative input end voltage of degenerative effect amplifier A3 equates, promptly the voltage on the resistance R 31 equates that with voltage on the resistance R 1 then: the output current Ion of transistor T 3 is:

$I_{\mathrm{on}}=\frac{U_{R1}}{R_{31}}=\frac{R_1}{R_{11}{R}_{31}}(U_{\mathrm{nb}11}-U_{\mathrm{nb}12})$

The transport property of the voltage-controlled current source minus side circuit that negative voltage converter unit and negative current drive unit and resistance R 1 constitute is shown in Fig. 7 a.

When the voltage of the relative nb22 of voltage of positive voltage converter unit signal input part nb21 was negative, it is negative that amplifier A2 is output as, and makes the grid voltage of transistor T 2 be lower than emitter voltage, and transistor T 2 ends, and the voltage on the resistance R 2 is zero at this moment; No-voltage on the resistance R 2 is added on the positive current driver element, because degenerative effect, the output current of transistor T 4 is zero.The voltage of the relative nb22 of voltage of positive voltage converter unit signal input part nb21 is timing, amplifier A2 just is output as, make the grid voltage of transistor T 2 be higher than emitter voltage, transistor T 2 conductings, the electric current that flows through resistance R 2 equates with the electric current that flows through resistance R 21, because the positive-negative input end voltage of degenerative effect amplifier A2 is equal, then: voltage on the resistance R 2 and input voltage (U _Nb21-U _Nb22) the pass be:

$U_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20081010057900201.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}2}=R_2{I}_{R21}=\frac{R_2}{R_{21}}(U_{\mathrm{nb}21}-U_{\mathrm{nb}22})$

Voltage on the resistance R 2 is added on the positive current driver element, amplifier A4 is output as negative, make the grid voltage of transistor T 4 be lower than emitter voltage, transistor T 4 conductings, the output current of positive current driver element equates with the electric current that flows through resistance R 41, because the positive-negative input end voltage of degenerative effect amplifier A4 equates, promptly the voltage on the resistance R 41 equates that with voltage on the resistance R 2 then: the output current Iop of transistor T 4 is:

$I_{\mathrm{op}}=\frac{U_{R2}}{R_{41}}=\frac{R_2}{R_{21}{R}_{41}}(U_{\mathrm{nb}21}-U_{\mathrm{nb}22})$

The transport property of the positive lateral circuit of voltage-controlled current source that positive voltage converter unit and positive current driver element and resistance R 2 constitute is shown in Fig. 7 b.

The voltage transformation module of voltage-controlled current source and current drives unit are the unipolarity current source of differential voltage control.

Get: $\frac{R_1}{R_{11}{R}_{31}}=\frac{R_2}{R_{21}{R}_{41}}=K_c$

When: U _Cs1＜U _Cs3, U _Cs2＞U _Cs4The time

Then: I _o=I _On+ I _Op=K _c[(U _Cs1-U _Cs3)+(U _Cs2-U _Cs4)]

When: U _Cs1＜U _Cs3, U _Cs2＜U _Cs4The time

Then: I _o=I _On+ I _Op=K _c(U _Cs1-U _Cs3)

When: U _Cs1＞U _Cs3, U _Cs2＞U _Cs4The time

Then: I _o=I _On+ I _Op=K _c(U _Cs2-U _Cs4)

When: U _Cs1＞U _Cs3, U _Cs2＜U _Cs4The time

Then: I _o=I _On+ I _Op=0

The resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R11, R21 (but being not limited to) is usually got 5K Ω～50K Ω, and the resistance of resistance R 10, R20, R30, R31, R40, R41 (but being not limited to) is usually got 1 Ω～1K Ω.The operating voltage value of voltage stabilizing diode D10, D20, D30, D40 should be lower than transistorized gate breakdown voltage and be higher than transistorized grid operating voltage.Transistor T 1, T2, T3, T4 (but being not limited to) usually adopt similarly semiconductor devices such as insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, field effect unipolar transistor MOSFET or transistor, transistor T 1, T2 are generally low-power device, T3, T4 are generally high power device, the polarity complementation of transistor T 1, T4 and T2, T3.

Bipolar controllable electric power of the present invention only adopts semiconductor devices and resistive element to constitute, have simple in structure, volume is little, cost is low, precision is high, dynamic corresponding is fast, reliability is high, good stability, be easy to characteristics such as integrated, have a wide range of applications at aspects such as experimental power supply, electronics, signal transformation, remote signal transmission.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 conventional type voltage-controlled current source structured flowchart.

The structure principle chart of Fig. 2 conventional type voltage-controlled current source.

The structure principle chart of Fig. 3 reduced form voltage-controlled current source.

The structure principle chart of the combined bipolar controllable electric power of Fig. 4 a.

The circuitous pattern symbol of the combined bipolar controllable electric power of Fig. 4 b.

Fig. 5 a is with the structure principle chart of facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power.

Fig. 5 b is with the circuitous pattern symbol of facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power.

The structure principle chart of the anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power of Fig. 6 a.

The circuitous pattern symbol of the anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power of Fig. 6 b.

The transport property of Fig. 7 a voltage-controlled current source minus side circuit.

The transport property of the positive lateral circuit of Fig. 7 b voltage-controlled current source.

The structure principle chart of the simple and easy homophase voltage-controlled current source of Fig. 8 a.

The structure principle chart of the simple and easy anti-phase voltage-controlled current source of Fig. 8 b.

The transport property of the simple and easy homophase voltage-controlled current source of Fig. 9 a.

The transport property of the simple and easy anti-phase voltage-controlled current source of Fig. 9 b.

The output current wave of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source during the input of Figure 10 sinusoidal voltage.

Figure 11 Voltage-controlled Current Source VCCS circuit diagram.

Figure 12 CCCS CCCS circuit diagram.

Figure 13 Voltage-controlled Current Source VCVS circuit diagram.

Figure 14 current-controlled voltage source CCVS circuit diagram.

The output characteristics of Figure 15 Voltage-controlled Current Source or CCCS.

The output characteristics of Figure 16 Voltage-controlled Current Source or current-controlled voltage source.

Figure 17 triangular wave and pwm pulse signal generator circuit schematic diagram.

The output waveform of Figure 18 triangular wave and pwm pulse signal generator.

The non-linear broken line signal of Figure 19 a slow change type propagation and transformation device.

The non-linear broken line signal of Figure 19 b saltus step type propagation and transformation device.

The transfer curve of Figure 20 a slow change type propagation and transformation device.

The transfer curve of Figure 20 b saltus step type propagation and transformation device.

Embodiment

Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Embodiment 1

Simple and easy voltage-controlled current source

The structure principle chart of simple and easy homophase voltage-controlled current source is shown in Fig. 8 a, and the structure principle chart of simple and easy anti-phase voltage-controlled current source is shown in Fig. 8 b.

Simple and easy voltage-controlled current source is connected and composed by changing the outside by combined controllable electric power.

Simple and easy homophase voltage-controlled current source: the input end Ncs ground connection of controllable electric power, the input end Pcs of controllable electric power and the inverting input and the feedback output end of controllable electric power link together, the in-phase input end of controllable electric power connects and is that control voltage input terminal, the power output end of controllable electric power connect to the current output terminal of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source and connect load.

Simple and easy anti-phase voltage-controlled current source: the input end Pcs ground connection of controllable electric power, the input end Ncs of controllable electric power and the inverting input and the feedback output end of controllable electric power link together, the in-phase input end of controllable electric power connects and is that control voltage input terminal, the power output end of controllable electric power connect to the current output terminal of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source and connect load.

The input amplifier of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source is connected into voltage follower, the feedback output voltage is followed the control input voltage, the output current size of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source is directly proportional with control voltage, the output current of simple and easy homophase voltage-controlled current source is identical with the control polarity of voltage, and the output current of simple and easy anti-phase voltage-controlled current source is opposite with the control polarity of voltage.

Excessive or because during the electric current output limit of the restriction controllable electric power of internal circuit configuration parameter, the electric current output of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source occurs saturated when the pull-up resistor resistance, promptly input control voltage increases and output current no longer increases.

The transport property of simple and easy homophase voltage-controlled current source is shown in Fig. 9 a, and the transport property of simple and easy anti-phase voltage-controlled current source is shown in Fig. 9 b.

The output current wave of simple and easy voltage-controlled current source as shown in figure 10 when input control voltage is sine wave.

Simple and easy voltage-controlled current source also can adopt with facies pattern controllable electric power or anti-phase type controllable electric power and realize.

Embodiment 2

Controlled source commonly used

Can realize four kinds of controlled sources commonly used, that is: Voltage-controlled Current Source (VCCS), CCCS (CCCS), Voltage-controlled Current Source (VCVS), current-controlled voltage source (CCVS) by the method that increases peripheral support circuit with the facies pattern controllable electric power.

Controlled source commonly used is by the D.C. regulated power supply power supply, by can realize the function of four kinds of controlled sources commonly used with the different connections of facies pattern controllable electric power.

Voltage-controlled Current Source: outer meeting resistance R1, R2, be connected into the in-phase proportion amplifying circuit with the amplifier A0 of controllable electric power inside, the voltage-controlled current source of in-phase proportion amplifying circuit and controllable electric power inside is formed VCCS circuit (Figure 11), and output current Io and input voltage Ui relation are as follows:

$I_o=K_c{U}_{\mathrm{ci}}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="K\; c\; R"\; filenames="A20081010057900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_c\frac{R_{}}{}\frac{{}_1+R_2}{R_2}{U}_i$

CCCS: outer meeting resistance R1, be connected into the current/voltage transducer with the amplifier A0 of controllable electric power inside, the voltage-controlled current source of current/voltage transducer and controllable electric power inside is formed CCCS circuit (Figure 12), and output current Io and input current Ii relation are as follows:

I _o＝K _cU _ci＝-K _cR ₁I _i

Voltage-controlled Current Source: outer meeting resistance R1, R2, be connected into the in-phase proportion amplifying circuit with controllable electric power, promptly form VCVS circuit (Figure 13), output voltage U o and input voltage Ui relation are as follows:

$U_o=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20081010057900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_1+R_2}{R_2}{U}_i$

Current-controlled voltage source: outer meeting resistance R1, be connected into the current/voltage transducer with controllable electric power, promptly form CCVS circuit (Figure 14), output voltage U o and input current Ii relation are as follows:

U _o＝-R ₁I _i

Because the restriction of supply voltage and inner structure, saturated phenomenon can appear when output voltage or electric current acquire a certain degree, the output characteristics of Voltage-controlled Current Source or CCCS as shown in figure 15, the output characteristics of Voltage-controlled Current Source or current-controlled voltage source is as shown in figure 16.

Employing realizes that with the facies pattern controllable electric power controlled source commonly used can use variable resistor R0 to carry out positive and negative transmission ratio fine setting easily, and controlled source commonly used also can adopt combined controllable electric power to realize or adopt anti-phase type controllable electric power to realize when need not to finely tune.

Controlled source commonly used has a wide range of applications in experimental power supply, electronics.

Embodiment 3

Triangular wave and pwm pulse signal generator

Triangular wave and pwm pulse signal generator are by D.C. regulated power supply, form with facies pattern controllable electric power, voltage follower A11 and A12, voltage comparator B 21 etc., and circuit as shown in figure 17.

The amplifier A0 of resistance R 1, R2 and controllable electric power inside is connected into hysteresis comparator, the controllable electric power output current discharges and recharges capacitor C 0, amplifier A0 output voltage reversal of poles when the voltage on the capacitor C 0 surpasses the voltage range of being set by resistance R 1, R2 dividing potential drop, capacitor C 0 oppositely discharges and recharges when voltage overruns once more amplifier A0 output voltage polarity and reverses once more, so forms the oscillatory work state.

Output voltage (feedback output end voltage) waveform of the inner amplifier A0 of controllable electric power is a square wave, the output of voltage-controlled current source is that controlled power supply is output as the constant square wave current of order of magnitude, voltage on the capacitor C 0 is linear change, and the output voltage of controllable electric power is that the voltage on the capacitor C 0 is triangular wave.The amplitude of triangular wave is by resistance R 1, the decision of R2 dividing potential drop, and the triangular wave on the capacitor C 0 is through the output of voltage follower A11 buffering.

The triangular wave of follower A11 output is exported the pwm pulse waveform with the dutycycle control voltage through voltage follower A12 by the hysteresis comparator of being made up of comparer B21, this pwm pulse signal generator has the function of avoiding occurring narrow pulse, the slope decision by resistance R 21, R22 and triangular wave of the narrowest pulsewidth of PWM waveform.The signal output waveform of pwm pulse signal generator as shown in figure 18.

The pwm pulse signal generator also can adopt combined controllable electric power or anti-phase type controllable electric power to realize, but circuit connecting is different.

This pwm pulse signal generator cost is low, volume is little, precision is high, has important use to be worth at aspects such as signal Processing, controlling and driving.

Embodiment 4

Non-linear broken line signal propagation and transformation device

The non-linear broken line signal of slow change type propagation and transformation device is shown in Figure 19 a, and the non-linear broken line signal of saltus step type propagation and transformation device is shown in Figure 19 b.

Non-linear broken line signal propagation and transformation device is called for short the propagation and transformation device, is made up of D.C. regulated power supply, anti-phase type controllable electric power, resistance R 0, R1, R2 etc.

The non-linear broken line signal of slow change type propagation and transformation device is a slow change type propagation and transformation device: the inverting input of controllable electric power is connected with feedback output end, resistance R 0 is connected across between the set end Nsav and Psav of controllable electric power, resistance R 1 is connected across between the set end Nsav and power end-Pv of controllable electric power, resistance R 2 is connected across between the set end Psav and power end+Pv of controllable electric power, the in-phase input end of controllable electric power connects and is that control voltage input terminal, the power output end of controllable electric power connect to the current output terminal of propagation and transformation device and connect load.

The non-linear broken line signal of saltus step type propagation and transformation device is a saltus step type propagation and transformation device: the inverting input of controllable electric power is connected with feedback output end, resistance R 0 is connected across between the set end Nsav and Psav of controllable electric power, resistance R 1 is connected across between the set end Nsav and power end+Pv of controllable electric power, resistance R 2 is connected across between the set end Psav and power end-Pv of controllable electric power, the in-phase input end of controllable electric power connects and is that control voltage input terminal, the power output end of controllable electric power connect to the current output terminal of propagation and transformation device and connect load.

The input amplifier of propagation and transformation device is connected into voltage follower, and the feedback output voltage is followed the control input voltage.

Slow change type propagation and transformation device: through resistance R 0, R1, R2 dividing potential drop to power supply, low and the voltage height of Psav of the set end Nsav voltage of controllable electric power, when the control input voltage is in the voltage range of set end Nsav and Psav, the control input voltage changes small one and large one change of electric current that causes inner positive lateral circuit of controllable electric power and minus side circuit, and the output current of controllable electric power is changed to two times that one-sided circuital current changes; When the control input voltage was outside the voltage range of set end Nsav and Psav, the control input voltage changed the size of current change that causes the inner one-sided circuit of controllable electric power, and the output current of controllable electric power changes less.

Saltus step type propagation and transformation device: through resistance R 0, R1, R2 dividing potential drop to power supply, the set end Nsav voltage height of controllable electric power and the voltage of Psav is low, when the control input voltage is in the voltage range of set end Nsav and Psav, the control input voltage changes howsoever, the output current of controllable electric power is zero, and promptly the propagation and transformation device is at the dead band state; When the control input voltage was outside the voltage range of set end Nsav and Psav, the change of control input voltage caused the size of current of the inner one-sided circuit of controllable electric power to change thereupon.

The output of the electric current of propagation and transformation device also has saturation characteristic, and input control voltage increased and output current no longer increases when promptly electric current acquired a certain degree.

Its slope size of slow change type propagation and transformation device transfer curve changes successively shown in Figure 20 a, and its slope size of saltus step type propagation and transformation device transfer curve back and forth changes shown in Figure 20 b.

Claims (10)

1. conventional type voltage-controlled current source, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two minus side signal input parts are minus side in-phase input end Cs1 and minus side inverting input Cs3, two positive side signal input parts are positive side in-phase input end Cs2 and just side inverting input Cs4, a current output terminal Cs0; It is characterized in that: the conventional type voltage-controlled current source is by the negative voltage converter unit, the positive voltage converter unit, resistance R 1 and R2, the negative current drive unit, the positive current driver element is formed, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that the negative voltage converter unit has two power ends, three signal end nb11, nb12 and nb13, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that the positive voltage converter unit has two power ends, three signal end pb21, pb22 and pb23, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that there are two power ends the negative current drive unit, three signal end nq31, it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that nq32 and nq33, positive current driver element have two power ends, three signal end pq41, pq42 and pq43; The signal end nb11 of negative voltage converter unit and nb12 meet input end Cs1 and the Cs3 into voltage-controlled current source respectively, the signal end pb21 of positive voltage converter unit and pb22 meet input end Cs2 and the Cs4 into voltage-controlled current source respectively, the signal end nb13 of negative voltage converter unit and the signal end nq31 of negative current drive unit are connected and connect by resistance R 1 negative power end-the Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end pb23 of positive voltage converter unit and the signal end pq41 of positive current driver element are connected and connect by resistance R 2 positive power source terminal+the Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end nq32 of negative current drive unit meets the negative power end-Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end pq42 of positive current driver element meets the positive power source terminal+Pv of voltage-controlled current source, the signal end nq33 of negative current drive unit is connected with the signal end pq43 of positive current driver element and meets current output terminal Cs0 into voltage-controlled current source, negative voltage converter unit, the positive voltage converter unit, the negative current drive unit, the positive-negative power end of positive current driver element is connected respectively and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of voltage-controlled current source and-Pv.

2. by the described conventional type voltage-controlled current source of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described negative voltage converter unit is by operational amplifier A 1, voltage stabilizing diode D10, igbt T1, resistance R 10 is formed with R11, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A1 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of negative voltage converter unit and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A1 is the signal end nb11 of negative voltage converter unit, the negative input end of amplifier A1 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 1 and meets the signal end nb12 of negative voltage converter unit by resistance R 11, the output terminal of amplifier A1 is connected by the grid of resistance R 10 with transistor T 1, stabilivolt D10 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 1, and the collector of transistor T 1 meets the signal end nb13 into the negative voltage converter unit; Described positive voltage converter unit is by operational amplifier A 2, voltage stabilizing diode D20, igbt T2, resistance R 20 is formed with R21, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A2 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of positive voltage converter unit and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A2 is the signal end pb21 of positive voltage converter unit, the negative input end of amplifier A2 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 2 and meets the signal end pb22 of positive voltage converter unit by resistance R 21, the output terminal of amplifier A2 is connected by the grid of resistance R 20 with transistor T 2, stabilivolt D20 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 2, and the collector of transistor T 2 meets the signal end pb23 into the positive voltage converter unit; Described negative current drive unit is by operational amplifier A 3, voltage stabilizing diode D30, igbt T3, resistance R 30 is formed with R31, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A3 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of negative current drive unit and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A3 is the signal end nq31 of negative current drive unit, the negative input end of amplifier A3 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 3 and meets the signal end nq32 of negative current drive unit by resistance R 31, the output terminal of amplifier A3 is connected by the grid of resistance R 30 with transistor T 3, stabilivolt D30 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 3, and the collector of transistor T 3 meets the signal end nq33 into the negative current drive unit; Described positive current driver element is by operational amplifier A 4, voltage stabilizing diode D40, igbt T4, resistance R 40 is formed with R41, the positive-negative power end of amplifier A4 connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of positive current driver element and-Pv, the positive input termination of amplifier A4 is the signal end pq41 of positive current driver element, the negative input end of amplifier A4 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 4 and meets the signal end pq42 of positive current driver element by resistance R 41, the output terminal of amplifier A4 is connected by the grid of resistance R 40 with transistor T 4, stabilivolt D40 is connected across between the grid and emitter of transistor T 4, and the collector of transistor T 4 meets the signal end pq43 into the positive current driver element.

3. reduced form voltage-controlled current source, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two minus side signal input parts are minus side in-phase input end Cs1 and minus side inverting input Cs3, two positive side signal input parts are positive side in-phase input end Cs2 and just side inverting input Cs4, a current output terminal Cs0; It is characterized in that: the reduced form voltage-controlled current source is by operational amplifier A 1, A2, A3, A4, resistance R 1, R2, R11, R21, R31, R41, igbt T1, T2, T3, T4 forms, amplifier A1, A2, A3, the positive-negative power end of A4 is connected respectively and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of voltage-controlled current source and-Pv, the positive input terminal of amplifier A1 and A2 meets input end Cs1 and the Cs2 into voltage-controlled current source respectively, the negative input end of amplifier A1 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 1 and meets the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 11, the negative input end of amplifier A2 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 2 and meets the input end Cs4 of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 21, the output terminal of amplifier A1 is connected with the grid of transistor T 1, the output terminal of amplifier A2 is connected with the grid of transistor T 2, the collector of transistor T 1 is connected with the positive input terminal of amplifier A3 and meets the negative power end-Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 1, the collector of transistor T 2 is connected with the positive input terminal of amplifier A4 and meets the positive power source terminal+Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 2, the negative input end of amplifier A3 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 3 and meets the negative power end-Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 31, the negative input end of amplifier A4 is connected with the emitter of transistor T 4 and meets the positive power source terminal+Pv of voltage-controlled current source by resistance R 41, the output terminal of amplifier A3 is connected with the grid of transistor T 3, the output terminal of amplifier A4 is connected with the grid of transistor T 4, and transistor T 3 is connected with the collector of T4 and meets output terminal Cs0 into voltage-controlled current source.

4. by claim 1 or the described voltage-controlled current source of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source are integrated on the monolithic and use as a general monolithic voltage-controlled current source device, and monolithic voltage-controlled current source device has seven pins: it is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv that two power ends are arranged, two minus side signal input parts are minus side in-phase input end Cs1 and minus side inverting input Cs3, two positive side signal input parts are positive side in-phase input end Cs2 and positive side inverting input Cs4, a current output terminal Cs0.

5. combined bipolar controllable electric power, it is combined controllable electric power, use dual power supply or single power supply, it is that negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are that inverting input ss1 and in-phase input end ss2, a feedback output end ss0, two input ends are negative input end Ncs and positive input terminal Pcs, a power output end ss3 that two power ends are arranged; It is characterized in that: combined controllable electric power is by operational amplifier A 0, voltage-controlled current source, diode D1 and D2 form, wherein voltage-controlled current source is conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source, amplifier A0 is connected respectively with the positive-negative power end of voltage-controlled current source and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of controllable electric power and-Pv, the negative input end of amplifier A0 meets the inverting input ss1 into controllable electric power, the positive input termination of amplifier A0 is the in-phase input end ss2 of controllable electric power, the output termination of amplifier A0 is the feedback output end ss0 of controllable electric power, the input end Cs1 of voltage-controlled current source is connected with Cs2 and meets input end Pcs into controllable electric power, the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source is connected with Cs4 and meets input end Ncs into controllable electric power, the output terminal Cs0 of voltage-controlled current source meets the output terminal ss3 into controllable electric power, positive-negative power end+Pv that the negative pole of diode D2 and D1 positive pole connect controllable electric power respectively and-Pv, the positive pole of diode D2 was connected with the output terminal ss3 of controllable electric power with the D1 negative pole while.

6. by the described combined bipolar controllable electric power of claim 5, it is characterized in that: combined bipolar controllable electric power is integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic controllable electric power device and uses, and monolithic controllable electric power device has eight pins: two power ends are that negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are that inverting input and in-phase input end, feedback output end, two input ends are negative input end Ncs and positive input terminal Pcs, a power output end.

7. one kind with the facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power, promptly with the facies pattern controllable electric power, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv with positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts be inverting input ss1 with in-phase input end ss2, feedback output end ss0, two adjustment are held is negative justification end Nadj and positive justification end Padj, a power output end ss3; It is characterized in that: with the facies pattern controllable electric power by operational amplifier A 0, voltage-controlled current source, diode D1 and D2 form, wherein voltage-controlled current source is conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source, amplifier A0 is connected respectively with the positive-negative power end of voltage-controlled current source and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of controllable electric power and-Pv, the negative input end of amplifier A0 meets the inverting input ss1 into controllable electric power, the positive input termination of amplifier A0 is the in-phase input end ss2 of controllable electric power, the output terminal of amplifier A0 is connected with Cs2 with the input end Cs1 of voltage-controlled current source and meets feedback output end ss0 into controllable electric power, the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source and Cs4 meet adjustment end Nadj and the Padj into controllable electric power respectively, the output terminal Cs0 of voltage-controlled current source meets the output terminal ss3 into controllable electric power, positive-negative power end+Pv that the negative pole of diode D2 and D1 positive pole connect controllable electric power respectively and-Pv, the positive pole of diode D2 was connected with the output terminal ss3 of controllable electric power with the D1 negative pole while.

8. described with the facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power by claim 7, it is characterized in that: be integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic controllable electric power device with the facies pattern bipolar controllable electric power and use, monolithic controllable electric power device has eight pins: two power ends are negative power end-Pv and to be inverting input hold with in-phase input end, feedback output end, two adjustment is negative justification end Nadj and positive justification end Padj, a power output end for positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts.

9. anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power, it is anti-phase type controllable electric power, use dual power supply or single power supply, two power ends are arranged is negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are inverting input ss1 and in-phase input end ss2, feedback output end ss0, two promptly negative set end Nsav of set ends and just set end Psav, a power output end ss3; It is characterized in that: anti-phase type controllable electric power is by operational amplifier A 0, voltage-controlled current source, diode D1 and D2 form, wherein voltage-controlled current source is conventional type voltage-controlled current source or reduced form voltage-controlled current source, amplifier A0 is connected respectively with the positive-negative power end of voltage-controlled current source and connects respectively and is the positive-negative power end+Pv of controllable electric power and-Pv, the negative input end of amplifier A0 meets the inverting input ss1 into controllable electric power, the positive input termination of amplifier A0 is the in-phase input end ss2 of controllable electric power, the output terminal of amplifier A0 is connected with Cs4 with the input end Cs3 of voltage-controlled current source and meets feedback output end ss0 into controllable electric power, the input end Cs1 of voltage-controlled current source and Cs2 meet set end Nsav and the Psav into controllable electric power respectively, the output terminal Cs0 of voltage-controlled current source meets the output terminal ss3 into controllable electric power, positive-negative power end+Pv that the negative pole of diode D2 and D1 positive pole connect controllable electric power respectively and-Pv, the positive pole of diode D2 was connected with the output terminal ss3 of controllable electric power with the D1 negative pole while.

10. by the described anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power of claim 9, it is characterized in that: anti-phase type bipolar controllable electric power is integrated on the monolithic as a general monolithic controllable electric power device and uses, and monolithic controllable electric power device has eight pins: two power ends are negative power end-Pv and positive power source terminal+Pv, two signal input parts are inverting input and in-phase input end, feedback output end, two promptly negative set end Nsav of set ends and just set end Psav, a power output end.

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