CN101291708B - 用于力量训练和康复的训练机器 - Google Patents

用于力量训练和康复的训练机器 Download PDF

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CN101291708B
CN101291708B CN2006800384927A CN200680038492A CN101291708B CN 101291708 B CN101291708 B CN 101291708B CN 2006800384927 A CN2006800384927 A CN 2006800384927A CN 200680038492 A CN200680038492 A CN 200680038492A CN 101291708 B CN101291708 B CN 101291708B
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马茨·苏林
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于力量训练和康复的训练机器，包括拉或压装置(42，43)，其布置成可向后和向前运动，同时重物包中的预定数量的重物(18，72)布置为通过连接装置(22，19)和装置(42，80)可选择地抬起和降低，以通过第一使用者相对所述拉或压装置(42，43)预期施加的力量连续运动地抬起所述预定数量的重物，并且通过第二使用者相对所述拉或压装置(42，43)预期施加的力量降低所述预定数量的重物。所述第一力量小于所述第二力量。该训练机器包括携带所述重物的框架，并且所述重物可沿着框架滑动，而且框架可转动地绕基本水平的转动轴(9，10)枢接。

Description

用于力量训练和康复的训练机器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分中限定的用于力量训练和康复类型的训练机器。
背景技术
用于无氧代谢训练的许多已知训练机器中，使用者通过进行预定的运动来锻炼预期的人体肌肉，因此抬起或降低重物堆的重物包。在单一关节运动的有效训练中，如通过胸前弯举机器或腿部伸展机器，以及在多关节运动中，如通过划船练习架、台式压床机或腿压机，重要的是，机器使用者可进行大量正相和负相工作周期，预期该工作周期适合于训练者的个人能力。正相工作意味着重物被抬起，而负相工作意味着重物被降低。
在US-A-4,648,594和GB-A-2 227 676中，以前已知了这些机器，其中负载在正相运动期间增加，而在负相运动末尾减小到其原始负载值。
通过更换改变负载，因此在相同的总运动周期，正相工作周期变得更容易进行，即，与降低选择的重量包相比，需要更小的力来抬起选择的重量包，训练者可举起比使用常规机器所能做到的更重的重物包，或者可选择地，在一个或相同的测验期间可进行更多的运动。
以上定义的该类型的机器在US-A-4,563,003中示出和描述了。该机器具有杆，该杆在负相运动期间压靠重物包，以在重物包向下运动时增加负载。为了在负相运动期间提供恒定增加的负载，该杆的作用必须在整个负相运动期间根据训练者的运动直接发生。如果训练者在负相工作期间增加或减小运动速度，那么该杆的速度必须以相同比例进行修正。这种规则非常复杂并且在实践中难以进行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种上述类型的训练机器，其解决了上述问题。
通过具有权利要求1中限定的特征的训练机器来实现该目的。
本发明的优选实施例已经给出了特征，该特征在从属权利要求中是明显的。
当人降低和抬起相同数量的重物包的重物时，不用考虑该事实：负相(negative)；即降低时人的力量大于正相(positive)；即抬起时人的力量。因此，限制了训练机器的效果。在用传统训练机器训练时，重物的数量必须根据弱者、训练者的抬举力量来选择。此后在负相运动部分降低相同数量的重物。因此，重物的数量不是与负相力量在一个水平上。
通过根据本发明的训练机器，负相力量可用更加优选的选择的重物包中的重物块来训练。结果被训练的肌肉的疲劳速度将增加。通过本发明，为激励能力增进可能比用传统训练机器训练时使用更少的训练量。科学研究已表明，与适合于正相力量的重物包训练相比，适合于负相力量的选择的重物包训练提供了更快和更大的力量增长。
附图说明
下面通过参考表示优选实施例的附图来描述本发明。
图1示出根据本发明的用于力量训练和康复的训练机器的实施例前视图；
图2示出图1中的训练机器，其中去除了使用机器的人并且为了清楚起见用虚线示出带有支撑架的座位；
图3示出图1的训练机器处于正相运动位置；
图4示出图1的训练机器处于负相运动位置；
图5示出沿图2中的直线V-V的截面，其中机器位于正相运动的位置；
图6示出该机器的类似于图5的视图，其中机器位于进行负相运动的位置；
图7示出图1的训练机器处于休息位置的侧视图；
图8示出类似于图7的侧视图，其中使用者正在进行正相或负相运动；
图9是自机器的另一实施例的上方示出的部分视图，其中重物引导件有另外一种设计；
图10是图9中所示实施例的部分侧视图；
图11是自机器又一实施例的上方示出的部分视图，其中重物引导件有又一种设计。
具体实施方式
图1-8中示出了根据本发明的用于力量训练和康复的训练机器1的实施例，该机器包括重物堆部分2和训练部分3，它们通过倾斜梁4和5以及梁6和7彼此固定连接，梁6和7在水平面上布置并且在所述部分2和3的下部固定连接。重物堆部分2具有内部基本为长方形的框架部分8(见图5和6)，其在外部基本为长方形的框架部分11内可转动地枢接于枢轴销9和10中。水平梁12通过垂直梁12a、12b固定连接在训练部分的梁7和框架结构13之间。倾斜梁5的下端固定连接到梁12上。包括在训练机器1框架结构中的这些部分彼此固定连接，优选地是焊接在一起以实现坚固的结构，该结构将可以承载有关拉和压负荷的高负荷以及振动。
内部框架部分8的上部和下部水平梁之间紧固了导杆14和15。沿着这些导杆14和15布置重物堆中的重物16以便滑动。这些重物具有分别用于导杆14和15的相邻孔14a和15a，还有用于抬举杆17的中心孔(见图5)，由此，通过引入销19穿过孔20正常到达穿过将要被抬起的包18中最下部重物16a的中心孔以及抬举杆17中的相应孔21，可抬起包含预定的选择数量重物的包18。当框架垂直时，该相应孔21布置在所有基本水平的孔20的前面，孔20穿过重物堆的重物16。当内部框架倾斜时，轴承(未示出)，优选为滚珠或滚柱轴承，可安装在孔14a和15a中，用于控制杆14和15以减少重物沿着这些杆移动时的摩擦力，这些在下面将会描述。借助于优选由材料
Figure S2006800384927D00031
制造的非弹性带22，来进行抬起和降低重物包18，该带经过设置在内部框架部分8的上部梁上的滑轮23和24。在滑轮24之后，该带沿着内部框架的侧梁延伸并且此后转过90°延伸并邻接另一滑轮25。从滑轮25起，该带倾斜向下朝着梁12上安装的滑轮26转向(见图1-4)，滑轮25基本布置在与枢轴销9和10相同的水平上。滑轮26基本上安装在与枢轴销9和10相同的水平上，因此，带上的张力将不会影响内部框架8的运动，这在下面描述。该带的路径从滑轮26基本上水平地朝着梁12上安装的另一滑轮27延伸，并且此后向上穿过平衡装置29的滑轮28到达连接件30，该连接件30设于梁12b上的突起上。除了滑轮28，平衡装置29还包括又一滑轮31，其与滑轮28一样枢接在自由悬挂连接臂32和33中。优选由材料
Figure S2006800384927D00032
制造的另一非弹性带34，通过紧固装置35以其端部分别安装到精确延伸转动臂36和37的下端。带有另一带34的平衡装置以已知的方式安装，用以在朝臂42和43加载负荷处平衡来自训练者手臂的力量，因此，不需要移动离开使用者相同距离而达到效果，因为大多数情况下使用者右臂和左臂不是同样强壮的。
在臂36和37相对的上端，安装了连接臂38和39，例如通过球和窝关节其可在所有方向上移动。臂38和39依次在它们的另一端在所有方向可自由移动地连接到拉和压臂42和43上安装的耦合件40和41上，拉和压臂42和43分别以它们的上端依次自由转动地枢接在框架结构12的44和45上。在臂42和43的下端设有手柄46。转动臂36枢接在框架结构13处紧固的共用通轴47上。这些转动臂36彼此独立地在所述轴47上自由枢转。止档47a限制旋转臂在一个旋转方向上的运动。
图1-6中示出了液压缸装置，其一端49安装在固定连接在梁6和7之间的梁(未示出)上。汽缸装置48的另一端枢接在内部框架部分8的下部横梁51上。如图3和5中最明显的，通过致动汽缸装置48，重物储藏部分2的内部框架8布置成可绕枢轴销9和10旋转。该液压缸装置48示为装置的示例，以相对外部框架11转动内部框架8。附加的权利要求书中的框架中，当然可使用其它已知的可执行该任务的装置，例如线性伺服电动机等。
如从图1中明显示出的，使用依照本发明的力量训练装置1进行训练的人坐在座椅52上，然后抓握臂42和43上的手柄46。为了便于正相运动，即人从身体朝外压臂42和43，内部框架依照图3转动，因此，抬起上部重物包18所需的力量通过倾斜内部框架8而减小，因而，上部重物包18在控制杆14和15上滑动，并且向前压手柄所需的力量可减少50％以上。抬起重物所需的正相力量将实质上小于负相力量，即在大于30％的等级，更精确的为约40％。当人开始负相运动时，即，人朝身体向内移动臂42和43到停止/起始位置时，其中止档47a抵靠框架结构13，内部框架8转回到其初始垂直位置，该位置中人达到了来自重物包8的全部负荷。通过汽缸装置48转动内部框架适当地自动借助控制单元(未示出)进行，该控制单元经过传感器传感带22的运动，并且当在箭头53的方向上移动带时，相对图3中的位置转动内部框架，当带在箭头54的方向上移动时，相对图4中的位置转动内部框架。
如上所述，内部框架部分8可转动的枢接在枢轴销9和10上，因此如上所述框架可根据负相或正相运动将达到的负载差倾斜该框架到不同位置。图中示出的枢轴销中的内部框架部分8的悬挂不是对这种悬挂的限制，实际上重要的是框架部分8是可绕基本水平的轴倾斜。可提供单个轴来代替枢转销，优选地延伸在内部框架部分8的主轮廓外部。
在图9和10中可看出，根据本发明训练机器的又一实施例中，通过相对的引导辊61在其两短端引导重物14。每个辊61安装在轴62上，并且布置成可在机器的可倾斜框架8或其每一端上提供的轨道63中前后移动。引导辊61可以是优选低摩擦材料或涂覆有这种材料的坚固的球柄。辊61也可是可在轨道63中移动的小轮。抬举杆17延伸穿过重物14的中心孔14a。
图中未示出的实施例中，图9和10的引导辊可提供在重物的其它地方，例如两个辊都可提供在重物的任何一个长侧边上而不是相对的短边上。这种情况下，轨道不是安装在可倾斜框架上，而是横穿重物的长侧边并紧固到框架上。
根据本发明又一实施例的训练机器，其中如图9和10中示出的带有辊的重物包相对于其高度制作得尽可能短，图11中说明了又一实施例。在该实施例中，重物14在其每一端部通过两个引导辊71引导，所述辊以这种方式安装：在一个重物上辊安装在相对端上，而不是在径向相对的角处安装，由此下一个重物转动180度以使得两个随后的重物的辊部分地重叠。每个辊71安装在轴72上并且布置成可在机器的可倾斜框架8和其每侧上提供的两个平行轨道73和74中前后移动。引导辊71同样可以是优选的低摩擦材料或涂覆有这种材料的坚固的球柄。辊71也可是可在轨道73中移动的小轮。每个轨道的内侧臂中提供有纵向凹槽，以在框架8倾斜时引导轨道中的辊。抬举杆17延伸穿过重物14的中心孔14a。
图中未示出的实施例中，图11的引导辊可提供在其它地方，例如所有辊都可提供在重物的任何一个长侧边上而不是相对的短边上。这种情况下，轨道不是安装在可倾斜框架上，而是横穿重物的长侧边并紧固到框架上。如果图9-11中示出的实施例中的轨道如此定向以使得这些重物将悬挂在引导辊上，那么每个辊可通过两个平行轮代替，并且轨道将在其外脊上具有凸缘，以接收这种平行轮。
在图9-11中示出的两个实施例中，其上安装有辊的重物之间的至少一个重物可被提供为不具有辊，因为具有引导辊的重物的预定数量将足够向前和向后引导所有重物。没有辊的重物可提供有凹槽，该凹槽意图用于接收随后的带引导辊的重物上的突起，以防止没有辊的重物绕抬举杆转动。
根据本发明示出的和上述的训练机器的优选实施例中，为训练者提供了下面的可能性：与传统的已知机器相比，或者可举起更多重物或者可抬起与早期使用的相同重物更多的次数。
尽管说明书和附图中公开了不同实施例，但是根据本发明的训练机器可在附加的权利要求范围内做出修改。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于力量训练和康复的训练机器，包括：
外部框架；
可倾斜的长方形内部框架，安装在该外部框架中；
转动轴，设置在内部框架的中间处，所述内部框架在所述外部框架内可转动地枢接于所述转动轴，用于使得内部框架相对于外部框架在垂直位置和倾斜位置之间做枢转运动；
拉或压装置，其被布置成可向后和向前运动，同时重物包中的预定数量的重物被布置为通过连接装置可滑动地选择性抬起和降低，和
装置，通过第一力量相对所述拉或压装置连续运动地抬起所述预定数量的重物，并且通过第二力量相对所述拉或压装置降低所述预定数量的重物，所述第一力量小于所述第二力量，
所述内部框架携带所述重物并且在抬起过程中所述重物可沿所述内部框架滑动。
2.根据权利要求1的训练机器，其特征在于，所述转动轴平行于内部框架下部基本水平的侧面。
3.根据权利要求1或2的训练机器，其特征在于，所述转动轴包括两个枢轴销，该枢轴销设置在所述内部框架的两侧上，并且位于距内部框架的下侧相当大的距离上。
4.根据权利要求1或2的训练机器，其特征在于，所述转动轴包括转轴。
5.根据权利要求1或2的训练机器，其特征在于，用电动马达或液压缸装置作为驱动装置，所述驱动装置布置成可从绕所述转动轴转动的预定倾斜位置和基本垂直的位置向后和向前移动内部框架。
6.根据权利要求1或2的训练机器，其特征在于，所述连接装置由至少一个非弹性带组成，所述带通过杠杆系统和布置在机器上的自由枢接的滑轮连接在所述拉或压装置与所述预定数量的重物之间。
7.根据权利要求6的训练机器，其特征在于，所述非弹性带沿着内部框架绕滑轮从所述预定数量的重物经过，该滑轮基本上布置在所述转动轴的高度上并进一步布置在机器上，用于连接到所述拉或压装置上。
8.根据权利要求3的训练机器，其特征在于，枢轴销设置在内部框架的中间处。
9.根据权利要求1的训练机器，其特征在于，该第一力量大于第二力量的30％。
10.根据权利要求1的训练机器，其特征在于，该第一力量是第二力量的40％。
11.根据权利要求1的训练机器，其特征在于，该内部框架在重物抬起过程中相对于垂直方向倾斜且在返回到原始位置时是垂直的。
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