CN101289231B - Test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method - Google Patents
Test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101289231B CN101289231B CN2008100285551A CN200810028555A CN101289231B CN 101289231 B CN101289231 B CN 101289231B CN 2008100285551 A CN2008100285551 A CN 2008100285551A CN 200810028555 A CN200810028555 A CN 200810028555A CN 101289231 B CN101289231 B CN 101289231B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tester for sea water desalinization by the hydrate method, which comprises a tubular reactor for hydrate generation and decomposition. The upper half part of the tubular reactor is provided with a freshwater delivery outlet, while at the higher position of the lower half part is provided with a sea water inlet; the bottom of the tubular reactor is provided with a concentrated seawater delivery outlet and a blender; a water jacket is arranged on the external wall of the lower half part of the tubular reactor. The tester also comprises a gas-circulating system which provides high pressure gas for the reactor; a gas-circulating system comprises a gas-circulating pipeline, one end of which is internally communicated with the upper half part of the tubular reactor, while the other end is wound on the external surface of the water jacket and internally communicated with the lower half part of the reactor. By utilizing the characteristics that the density of a hydrate is less than 1 and the hydrate is flocculent, that the hydrate floats upward automatically is realized so as to realize the separation of salt and water, thus overcoming the defect that the reactoris easily blocked by the hydrate when separating the hydrate and sea water in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of testing apparatus of sea water desaltination, especially a kind of testing apparatus that utilizes hydrate to carry out sea water desaltination.
Background technology
At present, grain, the energy and water are classified as the strategic resource that relates to national security in the world.Sustainable utilization of water resources is the very important assurance of economy and social sustainable development.China is water resources big country, simultaneously also is the poor state of water resources per capita.Whole nation gross amount of water resources is 28,124 trillion cubes, occupy the 6th in the world, but water resource of per capita only is 2220 cubes, for the world per capita 1/4, and the north and south distributed pole is inhomogeneous.Raising along with expanding economy and living standards of the people, demand to the water yield is increasing, more and more higher to requirements in water quality, add China's water resources spatial and temporal distributions inequality, the exploitation of infinity, uncontrolled waste and random pollution, make that original nervous water resources imbalance between supply and demand is more sharp-pointed, the shortage of Freshwater resources has become the bottleneck of restriction Chinese Economy Development and social progress.Therefore, desalination technology is all significant for the China and the world for replenishing with sustainable use of water resources, and the market requirement is very big.
Through secular effort, scientists has been invented the method for multiple sea water desaltination, oozes method, cold method, hydrate, solvent extration etc. as distillation method, film reverse osmosis method, ion exchange method, electroosmose process, pressure.For sea water desaltination, energy consumption is the key that directly determines its cost height.Over more than 40 year, along with the raising of technology, the energy consumption index of sea water desaltination has reduced about 90%, and cost greatly reduces thereupon, and dropping into the desalination technology of using at present mainly is low-temperature multiple-effect distillation, multistage flash evaporation and film reverse osmosis method.But various sea water desaltinations all have the relative merits of oneself, should suit measures to local conditions according to local environment feature and operational objective, assess whether the most suitable local economic development of this desalination method.The general foundation of method for desalting seawater of selecting mainly comprises environmental element, economic factor, demand element and technology essential factor etc.
Small-molecule substance and the water in the seawater that the desalination of sea water by hydrate method utilization more easily generates hydrate generate hydrate crystal, and after the solid-liquid separation, the water of decomposition compound can obtain fresh water.The great advantage of desalination of sea water by hydrate method technology is that energy consumption is low, equipment is simple, compact; Solubleness is low in water or salt solution; Nontoxic, cheap and easy to get, no explosion hazard.Hydrate also can be summed up as cold method, and the advantage that therefore has a cold method is lighter etc. as not needing that seawater is carried out pre-treatment, corrosion.
The desalination of sea water by hydrate method of Ti Chuing mainly was that hydrate generates hydrate slurry in a reactor in the past, through concentrating, washed with fresh water then, decomposed after cleaning to obtain fresh water again.Owing to contacting with salt solution, the hydrate that generates adsorbs salt ion, evict from and clean salt solution will spend about 30% fresh water, and hydrate has characteristics such as attached wall growth, result in blockage easily, it is the shortcoming of the desalination of sea water by hydrate method device that in the past proposed that the efficient of device significantly descends, and makes this technology compare with other technologies and lacks competitiveness.Therefore, the new technology of exploitation and to the feasibility of novel process the research that experimentizes is the key of exploring novel method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the rerum natura by hydrate and form decomposition condition, utilize the density of hydrate and the density difference of seawater, a kind of less energy-consumption is provided, does not need to separate the test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method of hydrate and seawater.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme: a kind of test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method, include hydrate and generate the decomposition tubular reactor, this reactor upper part is provided with the fresh water delivery port, the position higher position of its lower part is provided with the seawater input aperture, and the bottom of described reactor is provided with concentrated seawater delivery port and agitator; Lower part outer wall of this reactor is provided with water jacket, comprise that also promising described reactor provides the gas-circulating system of high pressure gas, described gas-circulating system includes the gas circulation pipeline, be communicated with in one end of this gas circulation pipeline and upper part of this reactor, its other end be wound on the described water jacket outside surface and with this reactor lower part in be communicated with.The present invention comprises that also promising described reactor provides the refrigeration system of low temperature environment, and this refrigeration system includes refrigeration plant and connected liquid circulation pipeline, and this liquid circulation pipeline is communicated with described water jacket.Import cooling fluid in water jacket by the liquid circulation pipeline, make lower part of reactor arrive cooling with the gas circulating tube rood that is wrapped in this water jacket outside surface, thereby the gas that enters recycle pump is cooled off by the higher state of temperature and enter in the reactor, for the decomposition and the generation of hydrate in the reactor provides necessary temperature condition, this refrigeration plant can be handpiece Water Chilling Units or water bath with thermostatic control or LNG receiving terminal.
Seawater and high pressure gas generate gas hydrate in the cryogenic high pressure environment, get rid of salt and impurity.Because the density of hydrate is less than seawater, hydrate is at the effect float downward of buoyancy and recycle gas, decomposes and discharges fresh water and gas in reactor upper part, and fresh water is discharged by the fresh water delivery port, concentrated seawater is discharged by the concentrated seawater delivery port, thereby finishes desalting process.
On the described gas circulation pipeline, be provided with tensimeter near the position of this reactor top, described gas-circulating system also includes source of the gas, this source of the gas is communicated in the top of this reactor and provides high pressure gas for reactor by four-way valve, the other two ends of this four-way valve are communicated with vacuum pump and gas recycle pump respectively, and the described gas circulation pipeline between described source of the gas and the four-way valve, between four-way valve and the vacuum pump is provided with valve.
The manometric setting interior gaseous tension of detection reaction device at any time remains on safe state, being provided with of four-way valve made things convenient for source of the gas input gas to reactor interior and in the reactor withdrawing gas can change freely, the setting of valve also makes things convenient for the user to control the work of vacuum pump, tensimeter, source of the gas and gas recycle pump.
Described agitator has agitating vane, and this agitating vane is arranged in described reactor lower part.In reactor, stir seawater and high pressure gas by agitating vane, help its thorough mixing and decomposition; This agitator can be magnetic stirring apparatus or motor stirrer.
One place's see-through section is set on described reactor outer wall at least.The reactor outer wall is provided with see-through section, can make things convenient for the user to observe the generation of hydrate in reactor, flow and the water level of whole reactor, and the agitating vane working condition that can conveniently observe stirring.
One end of described gas circulation pipeline is communicated in the top of this reactor, and its other end is wound in described water jacket outside surface and is connected in the bottom of this reactor.The gas circulation pipeline is communicated in the bottom and the top of reactor respectively, feasible one side can make things convenient for vacuum pump that recycle gas is fully extracted out in reactor, it is more sufficient to make gas enter the effect of reactor on the other hand, and the gas that promptly makes into becomes the formation reaction that just can participate in hydrate behind the bubble at once.
It is that temperature raises from top to bottom gradually that hydrate generates the temperature distribution of decomposing in the tubular reactor.The generation of hydrate and mouthful decomposition generate to decompose in the tubular reactor 1 at hydrate and can be divided into 3 stages: decomposition of hydrate section, hydrate stable section, hydrate generate section, wherein the required envrionment temperature of decomposition of hydrate section is the highest, be about 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, the required envrionment temperature of hydrate stable section is about 10 ℃ to 20 ℃, and hydrate generates the required envrionment temperature of section and is about-10 ℃ to 10 ℃.
The present invention compared with prior art, have following advantage: the density of utilizing hydrate less than 1 and the hydrate that generates be cotton-shaped characteristics, realize that hydrate floats automatically, thereby realize separating of salt and water, overcome prior art because separation hydrate and seawater cause hydrate to stop up the drawback of reactor easily, and this testing apparatus does not need to separate hydrate and strong brine, therefore need not the salt solution that adsorbs with fresh water washing water compound and contact with sea water, save Freshwater resources, improved the efficient of energy transformation; The setting of water jacket, make cooling fluid can make things convenient for lower part of inflow reactor, water jacket is equivalent to a Frozen Body, utilize the low temperature of water jacket to come to be the reactor cooling, and make that simultaneously the gas circulation pipeline that is wound in the water jacket outside surface also obtains cooling, and make the gas that enters in the pipeline enter inside reactor with lesser temps, satisfy hydrate and generated required low temperature environment, device each several part definite functions has good upgradability and expandability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the temperature, pressure phase equilibrium diagram of hydrate;
Fig. 3 is the density comparison diagram of several gas hydrates;
Description of reference numerals: 1, hydrate generate to decompose tubular reactor, and 2, agitator, 21, agitating vane, 3, water jacket, 4, concentrated seawater delivery port, 5, refrigeration system, 51, refrigeration plant, 52, the liquid circulation pipeline, 6, hydrate, 7, see-through section, 8, the fresh water delivery port, 9, tensimeter, 10, vacuum pump, 11, four-way valve, 12, gas recycle pump, 121, gas circulation pipeline, 13, source of the gas, 14, the seawater input aperture, F1, F2, F3, valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments content of the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment:
See also shown in Figure 1ly, hydrate generate to decompose tubular reactor 1, and upper part of this reactor 1 is exposed in the air, and lower part is invaded in the seawater and is provided with.This reactor 1 upper part is provided with fresh water delivery port 8, the position higher position of its lower part is provided with seawater input aperture 14, this seawater input aperture 14 is provided with valve F1, the bottom of reactor 1 is provided with concentrated seawater delivery port 4 and agitator 2, agitator 2 has agitating vane 21, and this agitating vane 21 is arranged in reactor 1 lower part; Lower part outer wall of this reactor 1 is provided with water jacket 3, comprise that also promising reactor 1 provides the gas-circulating system of high pressure gas, gas-circulating system includes gas circulation pipeline 121, be communicated with in one end of this gas circulation pipeline 121 and upper part of this reactor 1, its other end be wound in water jacket 3 outside surfaces and with this reactor 1 lower part in be communicated with.The present embodiment hydrate generates and decomposes tubular reactor 1 long 2000mm, internal diameter 50mm, and water jacket 3 and reactor shell all adopt stainless steel, and whole reactor is withstand voltage to reach 5MPa.
Comprise that also promising reactor 1 provides the refrigeration system 5 of low temperature environment, the refrigeration system 5 of present embodiment includes refrigeration plant 51 and connected liquid circulation pipeline 52, and this liquid circulation pipeline 52 is communicated with water jacket 3.This refrigeration plant 51 can be handpiece Water Chilling Units or water bath with thermostatic control or LNG receiving terminal.
Be provided with tensimeter 9 on the gas circulation pipeline 121, near this reactor 1 vertical position, gas-circulating system also includes source of the gas 13, this source of the gas 13 is communicated in the top of this reactor 1 and provides high pressure gas for reactor 1 by four-way valve 11, these four-way valve 11 other two ends are communicated with vacuum pump 10 and gas recycle pump 12 respectively, are respectively arranged with valve F2, F3 on the gas circulation pipeline 121 between source of the gas 13 and the four-way valve 11, between four-way valve 11 and the vacuum pump 10.
One place's see-through section 7 is set on reactor 1 outer wall at least.See-through section 7 adopts withstand voltage glass to make, form by right cylinder and three see-through sections 7 of two sections band water jackets 3 at reactor 1 in the present embodiment, the right cylinder of band water jacket 3 uses flange to be connected with see-through section 7, can observe hydrate respectively by three see-through sections 7 generates, flow and the water level of whole reactor, the working condition of the agitating vane 21 of agitator 2 also can see through the see-through section 7 that is arranged on reactor lower part and observe.
Further, for guaranteeing that hydrate better generates effect, an end of gas circulation pipeline 121 can be communicated in the top of this reactor 1, its other end is wound in water jacket 3 outside surfaces and is connected in the bottom of this reactor 1.
The present embodiment envrionment temperature is about 30 ℃, and 14 injection hydrates generate decomposition tubular reactor 1 from the seawater input aperture with 3.5 liters seawater, start refrigeration system 5 then and cool to about 4 ℃.Start vacuum pump 10 and vacuumize, valve-off F3 opens valve F2 more then, and by the ethane gas of source of the gas 13 injection 2.0MPa left and right sides pressure, this moment, reactor 1 inside formed the cryogenic high pressure environment.
Start agitator 2 and gas recycle pump 12 beginning desalting process.Because the density of hydrate 6 is less than seawater, gas and water generate hydrate 6 under the situation of 4 ℃ and 2.0MPa, hydrate 6 is at the effect float downward of buoyancy and recycle gas, begin decomposition in 12 ℃ zone and discharge fresh water and gas, fresh water is discharged by fresh water delivery port 8, concentrated seawater is discharged by concentrated seawater delivery port 4, finishes desalting process.Participating in the gas of reaction and the gas of hydrate release enters from reactor 1 bottom by gas circulation pipeline 121 again.After the operation certain hour reached balance, the pressure of system descended to some extent, and the temperature on reactor 1 top also descends to some extent, and the decline degree is relevant with gas circulation speed.Participate in forming the gas of hydrate and the volume ratio of hydrate under normal pressure of formation is 160, if the recycle gas flow of experiment is 200ml/min, have 30% gas participate in hydration reaction then the fresh water productive rate be about 7.5ml/min; If the recycle gas flow of experiment is 1000ml/min, have 50% gas participate in hydration reaction then the fresh water productive rate be about 62m1/min.Strengthen gas flow, improve inflation pressure and improve formation condition and can improve the fresh water productive rate.
The temperature, pressure of hydrate balances each other as shown in Figure 2, and hydrate is in the A dot generation, and the B point decomposes, and wherein I is the hydrate stable region, and II is the decomposition of hydrate district.
Fig. 3 is the density of several gas hydrates, and the density of hydrate must guarantee less than 1 and water insoluble, representative be methane, ethane and propane, also can use other gas, the gas that the present invention relates to is not limited to methane, ethane and propane.
Above-listed detailed description is at the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and this embodiment is not in order to limiting claim of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the claim of this case.
Claims (5)
1. test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method, include hydrate and generate the decomposition tubular reactor, it is characterized in that: this reactor upper part is provided with the fresh water delivery port, its lower part position higher position is provided with the seawater input aperture, and the bottom of described reactor is provided with concentrated seawater delivery port and agitator; Lower part outer wall of this reactor is provided with water jacket, comprise that also promising described reactor provides the gas-circulating system of high pressure gas, described gas-circulating system includes the gas circulation pipeline, be communicated with in one end of this gas circulation pipeline and upper part of this reactor, its other end be wound on the described water jacket outside surface and with this reactor lower part in be communicated with; Comprise that also promising described reactor provides the refrigeration system of low temperature environment, this refrigeration system includes refrigeration plant and connected liquid circulation pipeline, and this liquid circulation pipeline is communicated with described water jacket.
2. test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the described gas circulation pipeline, be provided with tensimeter near the position of this reactor top, described gas-circulating system also includes source of the gas, this source of the gas is communicated in the top of this reactor and provides high pressure gas for reactor by four-way valve, the other two ends of this four-way valve are communicated with vacuum pump and gas recycle pump respectively, and the described gas circulation pipeline between described source of the gas and the four-way valve, between four-way valve and the vacuum pump is provided with valve.
3. test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described agitator has agitating vane, and this agitating vane is arranged in described reactor lower part.
4. test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with place's see-through section on described reactor outer wall at least.
5. as arbitrary described test device for desalination of sea water by hydrate method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: an end of described gas circulation pipeline is communicated in the top of this reactor, and its other end is wound in described water jacket outside surface and is connected in the bottom of this reactor.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN102351255A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-15 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Seawater desalination plant and seawater desalination method |
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