CN101280445A - Electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub - Google Patents

Electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub Download PDF

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CN101280445A
CN101280445A CN 200810028133 CN200810028133A CN101280445A CN 101280445 A CN101280445 A CN 101280445A CN 200810028133 CN200810028133 CN 200810028133 CN 200810028133 A CN200810028133 A CN 200810028133A CN 101280445 A CN101280445 A CN 101280445A
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magnesium alloy
temperature
electroplating process
electroplating
acid
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CN101280445B (en
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余刚
肖耀坤
张峰
张资平
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Hunan University
GCI Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Hunan University
GCI Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a combined electroplating process on a magnesium alloy motorcycle wheel hub by adopting a non-cyanide and chrome free pre-plating treatment solution. Electroplated nickel and pyrophosphate copper are adopted as dual-layer bottoming coating, and then Cu/Ni/Cr combined coating electroplating is performed, to obtain the Cu/Ni/Cr combined metallic coating with high corrosion resistance on the surface of the magnesium alloy motorcycle wheel hub. The metallic coating obtained on the surface of the magnesium alloy motorcycle wheel hub by adopting the process has the advantages that the binding force is strong, and the corrosion resistance is high, and the combined electroplating process has the prominent advantages that the personnel health is guaranteed, and the environmental pollution is avoided.

Description

Electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub
Technical field
Background technology
Magnesium alloy possesses in light weight, excellent properties such as specific tenacity is high, shock resistance damping property are considered to aluminium alloy substitute fabulous in the automotive industry.Magnesium alloy is applied to automotive industry, can alleviate vehicle weight, is to cut down the consumption of energy and reduce an effective way of exhaust gas emission.Wheel hub is to account for one of bigger parts of complete vehicle weight, utilizes magnesium alloy as the material of making wheel hub, can reach the purpose that effectively alleviates car weight.At present, widely apply on motorcycle by the wheel hub of magnesium alloy manufacturing.Yet the chemical property of magnesium alloy is very active, and corrosion resisting property is poor, is easy to take place destructions such as spot corrosion and galvanic corrosion in environment for use, constitutes a serious threat for the safety of motorcycle.Therefore, corrosion prevention is magnesium alloy one of sixty-four dollar question when automotive field is used.
At present, plated metal combined plating on magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, Xiang Guan document and patented technology report is seldom in the world.In the ASTM B480-88 standard that American society association formulates, two kinds of methods have been advised at Mg alloy surface metal lining coating, be prussiate strike copper plating technique and direct chemical nickel plating technology, its technical process is respectively (1) mechanical grinding → oil removing → acid etch → activate → soak pre-copper facing → chemical nickel plating of zinc → prussiate or plating; (2) mechanical grinding → oil removing → acid etch → hydrofluoric acid activation → chemical nickel plating → passivation sealing of hole.Magnesium alloy soaks that the pre-plating process of cyanide copper plating also has Dow technology, Norskhydro technology and WCM technology behind the zinc.For fear of human health damage and the environmental pollution that the use of prussiate brings, developed the pre-plating process that soaks electro-galvanizing behind the zinc or pyrophosphate method of electro-plating copper afterwards.Though existing magnesium alloy plating treatment technology can successfully obtain metal plating at Mg alloy surface, there be the defective and the deficiency of the following aspects:
(1) magnesium alloy prussiate strike copper plating technique has been used hypertoxic prussiate, the big and contaminate environment to human health damage.Dow technology, Norskhydro technology and WCM technology instability, action pane is narrow, and the plating piece defective is many after the plating.
(2) magnesium alloy direct chemical nickel-plating technology has been used the pre-treatment solution that contains sexavalent chrome Cr (VI) and hydrofluoric acid, the big and contaminate environment to human health damage; Chemical nickel-plating solution is a thermodynamic unstable system, and the work-ing life of plating bath is short, the production cost height.
(3) magnesium alloy soaks the zinc metal level that galvanizing technique obtained behind the zinc and remains a kind of difficult metallizing, just can carry out routine plating after also needing to handle through special preplating, as acid coppering, bright nickel etc.This technical process that magnesium alloy plating is handled becomes loaded down with trivial details, and production cost improves.Therefore, electro-galvanized layer generally as final coating on the magnesium alloy, does not remake the plating of other combined plating, and its anticorrosion ability is limited.
(4) magnesium alloy soaks behind the zinc Direct Electroplating copper in pyrophosphate salt solution, occurs copper coating easily and the magnesium alloy substrate caking power is bad.Because pyrophosphate ion is poor to the complex ability of cupric ion, the electromotive force of magnesium alloy substrate and metallic copper differs greatly, and during electro-coppering, violent replacement(metathesis)reaction takes place for substrate magnesium and cupric ion in pyrophosphate salt solution, makes the bonding force decline of copper coating and substrate.The compactness of pre-plating layer is not enough, plating piece corrosion when acid coppering.
(5) the magnesium alloy metal plating coating technology of existing bibliographical information is a laboratory result, does not see that the electroplating industry of magnesium-alloy material is used; Research mostly concentrates on the pre-treatment of magnesium alloy plating, does not propose the complete scheme of magnesium alloy combination electroplating technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defective of existing magnesium alloy motorcycle hub metal lining method of coating, a kind of new electroplating technology is proposed, this technology can obtain the metal plating that bonding force is strong, solidity to corrosion is high at surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, avoids simultaneously using to HUMAN HEALTH and big prussiate and sexavalent chrome Cr (VI) compound of environmental hazard.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, it is characterized in that: this technical process is: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → alkali cleaning → pickling → activate → soak zinc → electronickelling → pyrophosphate copper plating → electroplating acid copper, semi-bright nickel, bright nickel and chromium, wherein between above steps respectively with the washing of water, and the solution formula of electronickelling step and operational condition are: single nickel salt (NiSO 46H 2O): 100-120gdm -3, fluorochemical (F -): 1.0-1.5moldm -3, ammonium citrate ((NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7): 15-20gdm -3, soluble saccharin: 1-3gdm -3, pH value: 4.8-5.4, cathode current density: 2-4Adm -2, temperature: 45-55 ℃, the time: 20-30min.
Below each step in the technology of the present invention is further specified:
1, mechanical polishing.Hub surface mechanical polishing is meant with physical means such as polishing, polishings eliminates the various surface imperfection that exist on the piece surface, as physical abuse, oxide compound, surface be mingled with, corrosion, spot, reduce plating front surface roughness, for the part plating is provided by the surface of good state that provides.This to the quality, the unacceptable product that reduces the plating process that improve electrolytic coating on the magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, to reduce production costs be vital.
2, paraffin removal and alkali cleaning oil removing.Hub surface is after mechanical polishing is handled, and the surface can residual buffing wax and greasy dirt.These dirts must thoroughly be removed before plating, otherwise can the serious bonding force that reduces coating and substrate.Buffing wax and smeary are removed the mode that adopts ultrasonic wave paraffin removal and alkali cleaning oil removing to combine and are carried out, and can eliminate the various saponifiable oils and the non-saponified oil of workpiece surface effectively.
3, pickling.The solution formula of acid pickling step and operational condition are: phosphoric acid H 3PO 4(85%): 605cm 3Dm -3, nitric acid HNO 3(69%): 30cm 3Dm -3, sodium lauryl sulphate (C 12H 25SO 3Na): 0.1gdm -3, temperature: room temperature, time: 20-30s.The purpose of pickling is the dirt (sand of oxide compound, embedding, passive film and empyreumatic lubricated wet goods) of removing the oxide compound of surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, the loose cold working metal that adheres to and having embedded the surface, make it expose the magnesium alloy metallic matrix, prevent to descend because of dirts such as trapped oxide between substrate and the coating cause binding force of cladding material.
4, activation.Solution formula in the activation step and operational condition are: potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 100-120gdm -3, yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 15gdm -3, Potassium monofluoride (KF): 7gdm -3, temperature: 60-65 ℃, the time: 3-4min.The activatory purpose is further to remove the oxide compound and the pickling residue of specimen surface, and makes Mg alloy surface produce one deck magnesium fluoride film.The incomplete magnesium fluoride film of this layer can make magnesium alloy substrate surface electromotive force homogenizing, reduces the erosion rate of substrate in post-treatment solution, helps obtaining the good coating of bonding force.
5, soak zinc.The solution formula and the operational condition of soaking the zinc step are: zinc sulfate (ZnSO 47H 2O): 50gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 174gdm -3, yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 5gdm -3, Potassium monofluoride (KF): 7gdm -3Or lithium fluoride (LiF): 3gdm -3, pH value: 10.2-10.4, temperature: 63-65 ℃, time: 30-90s.The purpose of soaking zinc is by the skim zinc on the surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub deposition of the replacement(metathesis)reaction between the zine ion in magnesium alloy motorcycle hub substrate and the zinc dipping solution, reduces the substrate surface activity, prevents that surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub is not by oxidation again.Simultaneously, the zinc rete can reduce the potential difference between magnesium alloy substrate and the pre-nickel plating, strengthens the bonding force between matrix and the nickel coating.
6, electronickelling and pyrophosphate copper plating.After soaking zinc, electroplates magnesium alloy motorcycle hub one deck and substrate magnesium and the less nickel of zinc-impregnating layer potential difference earlier; in the copper pyrophosphate solution of alkalescence, electroplate skim copper then; make surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub form densification, bottoming coating that bonding force is strong, directly carry out the Cu/Ni/Cr combination and electroplate good protective action is provided for follow-up.Wherein the solution formula of pyrophosphate copper plating step and operational condition are: cupric pyrophosphate (Cu 2P 2O 7): 60gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 300gdm -3, ammonium citrate (NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7: 25gdm -3, temperature: 45-50 ℃, cathode current density: 1Adm -2, the time: 20min.
7, the Cu/Ni/Cr combination is electroplated.After magnesium alloy motorcycle hub process electronickelling and the pyrophosphate copper plating bottoming, electroplating acid copper, semi-bright nickel, bright nickel and chromium successively again, can increase thickness of coating on the one hand, reduce porosity, the corrosion control that can make coating surface simultaneously is between semi-bright nickel and bright nickel, for Mg alloy surface provides good Corrosion Protection and decorative effect.
Wherein, the solution formula of electroplating acid copper step and operational condition are: copper sulfate (CuSO 45H 2O): 200gdm -3, sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) (ρ=1.84g/l): 35cm 3Dm -3, chlorion (Cl -): 90mgdm -3, open cylinder agent: 6cm 3Dm -3, fill and lead up agent: 0.5cm 3Dm -3, brightening agent: 0.5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 25 ℃, cathode current density: 4Adm -2, time: 10min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
The solution formula and the operational condition of electroplating the semi-bright nickel step are: single nickel salt (NiSO 46H 2O): 280gdm -3, nickelous chloride (NiCl 26H 2O): 45gdm -3, boric acid (H 3BO 3): 40gdm -3, open cylinder agent: 5cm 3Dm -3, fill and lead up agent: 0.8cm 3Dm -3, wetting agent (NP-A): 2cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 60 ℃, the pH value: 3.8, cathode current density: 5Adm -2, time: 8min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
The solution formula and the operational condition of electroplating bright nickel step are: single nickel salt (NiSO 4.6H 2O): 300gd -3, nickelous chloride (NiCl 2.6H 2O): 60gdm -3, boric acid (H 3BO 3): 48gdm -3, key light agent: 1cm 3Dm -3, softening agent: 10cm 3Dm -3, auxiliary: 4cm 3Dm -3, wetting agent (Y-19): 1.5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 55 ℃, the pH value: 4.5, cathode current density: 5Adm -2, time: 10min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
The solution formula of electrodeposited chromium step and operational condition are: chromic anhydride (CrO 3): 250gdm -3, sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) (ρ=1.84gdm -3): 1.0gdm -3, trivalent chromium (Cr 3+): 2.0gdm -3, additive A: 1cm 3Dm -3, additive B: 5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 40 ℃, cathode current density: 15Adm -2, the time: 3min.
Surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub plating tool of the present invention has following advantage:
1, adopts the pre-electroplating treatment solution of no cyanogen Chrome-free, reduced harm and environmental pollution HUMAN HEALTH;
2, adopt the double-deck bottoming of electronickelling/tetra-sodium copper facing, bottoming coating compactness height, strong with the bonding force of magnesium alloy substrate, can electroplate for subsequent combination coating good substrate is provided; The bath stability height, long service life has been saved production cost.
3, electronickelling/burnt copper bilayer felt secure after zinc was soaked in employing, carrying out the Cu/Ni/Cr combination then electroplates, set up Zn/Ni/Cu-Cu/Ni/Cr combined plating structure at Mg alloy surface, the outward appearance of excellent corrosion resistant performance and light can be provided for magnesium alloy, be magnesium alloy anticorrosion and complete electroplating technology that decorate to handle, it is unstable and make problems such as environmental pollution problems and production cost rising to have solved the solution that adopts chemical nickel plating to bring.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Test materials is the AM60 magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, and technical process is: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → alkali cleaning → pickling → activate → soak zinc → electronickelling → electroplate burnt copper → electroplating acid copper → plating semi-bright nickel → bright nickel plating → chromium plating.(washing with a water between each step)
(1) polishing adopts the mode of mechanical polishing that surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub is handled to surface-brightening.
(2) composition of paraffin removal paraffin removal and technological operation: coconut oil diethanol amide phosphoric acid salt: 18%-25% (mass percent), coconut oil diethanol amide: 5%-12%, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether: 1%-3%, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether: 1%-3%, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether phosphoric acid ester: 1%-5%, water: 56%-63%; Ultrasonic wave, temperature: 60-70 ℃, 10min.
(3) alkali cleaning oil removing yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 15gdm -3, sodium phosphate (Na 3PO 412H 2O): 10gdm -3, water glass (Na 2SiO 3): 15gdm -3, OP emulsifying agent: 3gdm -3, temperature: 65 ℃, the time: 8min.
(4) pickling phosphoric acid H 3PO 4(85%): 605cm 3Dm -3, nitric acid HNO 3(69%): 30cm 3Dm -3, sodium lauryl sulphate (C 12H 25SO 3Na): 0.1gdm -3, temperature: room temperature, time: 25s.
(5) activation potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 100gdm -3, yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 15gdm -3, Potassium monofluoride (KF): 7gdm -3, temperature: 65 ℃, the time: 3min.
(6) soak zinc zinc sulfate (ZnSO 47H 2O): 50gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 174gdm -3, yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 5gdm -3, Potassium monofluoride (KF): 7gdm -3, temperature: 65 ℃, the time: 60s.
(7) electronickelling single nickel salt (NiSO 46H 2O): 100gdm -3, fluorochemical (F -): 1.2moldm -3, ammonium citrate (NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7: 15gdm -3, soluble saccharin: 3gdm -3, the pH value: 4.8, temperature: 50 ℃, cathode current density: 3Adm -2, the time: 20min.
(8) electroplate burnt copper cupric pyrophosphate (Cu 2P 2O 7): 60gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 300gdm -3, ammonium citrate (NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7: 25gdm -3, temperature: 45-50 ℃, cathode current density: 1Adm -2, the time: 20min.
(9) electroplating acid copper copper sulfate (CuSO 45H 2O): 200gdm -3, sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) (ρ=1.84g/l): 35cm 3Dm -3, chlorion (Cl -): 90mgdm -3, 510 open cylinder agent: 6cm 3Dm -3, 510A fills and leads up agent: 0.5cm 3Dm -3, 510B brightening agent: 0.5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 25 ℃, cathode current density: 4Adm -2, time: 10min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
(10) electroplate semi-bright nickel single nickel salt (NiSO 46H 2O): 280gdm -3, nickelous chloride (NiCl 26H 2O): 45gdm -3, boric acid (H 3BO 3): 40gdm -3, 902 fill and lead up agent: 0.8cm 3Dm -3, wetting agent (NP-A): 2cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 60 ℃, the pH value: 3.8, cathode current density: 5Adm -2, time: 8min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
(11) electroplating bright nickel single nickel salt (NiSO 4.6H 2O): 300gdm -3, nickelous chloride (NiCl 2.6H 2O): 60gdm -3, boric acid (H 3BO 3): 48gdm -3, key light agent A:1cm 3Dm -3, auxiliary SA-1:4cm 3Dm -3, wetting agent (Y-19): 1.5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 55 ℃, the pH value: 4.5, cathode current density: 5Adm -2, time: 10min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
(12) electrodeposited chromium chromic anhydride (CrO 3): 250gdm -3, sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) (ρ=1.84gdm -3): 1.0gdm -3, trivalent chromium (Cr 3+): 2.0gdm -3, additive A: 1cm 3Dm -3, additive B: 5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 40 ℃, cathode current density: 15Adm -2, the time: 3min.
More than clean with first water between each step.
Below further specify beneficial effect of the present invention by experiment.
The performance of final coating adopts following method to detect:
Solidity to corrosion is estimated with neutral salt spray test.Salt spray corrosion test standard by GB/T10125-97 is carried out neutral salt spray test, and the test period is 24h, evaluates the protection class of coating then according to GB/T6461-85.
The thermal shock test method that the bonding strength of coating adopts GB/T5270-85 to recommend is heated to 250 ℃ to plating piece, be incubated 1 hour, rapidly it is put in the cold water then and cools off, and so repeats 20 times, and whether observation coating peeling or come off.The grade of bonding force is estimated in order to following method: " zero " expression coating does not have peeling or comes off, and bonding force is good; The local peeling of " △ " expression coating, bonding force is relatively poor; " * " represents coating peeling even comes off that bonding force is very poor.
Comparative Examples 1
This technical process is: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → alkali cleaning → pickling → activate → soak zinc → electroplate burnt copper → electroplating acid copper → plating semi-bright nickel → bright nickel plating → chromium plating.Pickling, activate, soak zinc and electroplate burnt copper pre-treatment step and adopt the pyrophosphate salt strike copper plating technique, the solution formula and the operational condition of each step are as follows:
(1) pickling C 2H 2O 4: 10gdm -3, wetting agent: 0.1gdm -3, room temperature, 2min
(2) activation K 4P 2O 7: 65gdm -3, Na 2CO 3: 15gdm -3, KF:7gdm -3, 60 ℃, 2min
(3) soak zinc ZnSO 47H 2O:50gdm -3, K 4P 2O 7: 150gdm -3, KF:7gdm -3, Na 2CO 3: 5gdm -3, pH=10.2-10.4,65 ℃; 3min
(4) electroplate burnt copper cupric pyrophosphate (Cu 2P 2O 7): 50gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 300gdm -3, ammonium citrate (NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7: 25gdm -3, temperature: 50 ℃, cathode current density: 1.5Adm -2, the time: 25min.
All the other pre-treatments are identical with embodiment 1 with the processing condition of follow-up electroplating acid copper, semi-bright nickel, bright nickel, chromium.
Comparative Examples 2
This technical process is: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → pickling → activate → soak zinc → cyanide electroplating → electroplating acid copper → plating semi-bright nickel → bright nickel plating → chromium plating, wash with a water between each step.Pickling, activate, soak zinc and cyanide electroplating pre-treatment step and adopt DOW technology.The solution formula and the operational condition of each step are as follows:
(1) pickling CrO 3: 180gdm -3, Fe (NO 3) 3: 40gdm -3, KF:3.5gdm -3, room temperature, 2min
(2) activation NH 4HF 2: 105gdm -3, H 3PO 4(85%): 200gdm -3, room temperature, 2min
(3) soak zinc ZnSO 4H 2O:30gdm -3, Na 4P 2O 7: 120gdm -3, LiF:3gdm -3, Na 2CO 3: 5gdm -3, pH=10.2-10.4,80 ℃; 2min
(4) cyanide electroplating CuCN:38-42gdm -3, KCN:64.5-71.5gdm -3, KF:28.5-31.5gdm -3, pH=9.6-10.4,54-60 ℃, cathode current density: 2Adm -2, 8min
All the other pre-treatment steps are identical with embodiment 1 with the processing condition of follow-up electroplating acid copper, semi-bright nickel, bright nickel, chromium.
Comparative Examples 3
This technical process is: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → pickling → activate → soak zinc → cyanide electroplating → electroplating acid copper → plating semi-bright nickel → bright nickel plating → chromium plating.Pickling, activate, soak zinc and cyanide electroplating and adopt the WCM pre-treating technology, the solution formula and the operational condition of each step are as follows:
(1) pickling C 2H 2O 4: 10gdm -3, wetting agent: 0.1gdm -3, room temperature, 1min
(2) activation K 4P 2O 7: 65gdm -3, Na 2CO 3: 15gdm -3, KF:7gdm -3, 60 ℃, 1min
(3) soak zinc ZnSO 47H 2O:50gdm -3, K 4P 2O 7: 150gdm -3, LiF:3gdm -3, Na 2CO 3: 5gdm -3, pH=10.2-10.4,65 ℃; 3min
(4) cyanide electroplating CuCN:38-42gdm -3, KCN:64.5-71.5gdm -3, KF:28.5-31.5gdm -3, pH=9.6-10.4,54-60 ℃, cathode current density: 2Adm -2, 8min
All the other pre-treatment steps are identical with embodiment 1 with the processing condition of follow-up electroplating acid copper, semi-bright nickel, bright nickel, chromium.
Comparative Examples 4
This technical process is a magnesium alloy plating zinc technology: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → alkali cleaning → pickling → activate → soak zinc → electro-galvanizing → passivation sealing of hole.The solution formula and the operational condition of each step are as follows:
(1) pickling C 2H 2O 4: 10gdm -3, wetting agent: 0.1gdm -3, room temperature, 1min
(2) activation K 4P 2O 7: 65gdm-3, Na 2CO 3: 15gdm -3, KF:7gdm -3, 60 ℃, 2min
(3) soak zinc ZnSO 47H 2O:50gdm -3, K 4P 2O 7: 150gdm -3, LiF:3gdm -3, Na 2CO 3: 5gdm -3, pH=10.2-10.4,65 ℃; 3min
(4) electro-galvanizing ZnO:12gdm -3, NaOH:120gdm -3, additive DE: 6cmdm -3, cathode current density: 4Adm -2, room temperature, 30min
(5) passivation NaCr 2O 72H 2O:120gdm -3, temperature: 90 ℃, the time: 10min.
The processing condition of all the other pre-treatment steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples 5
This technical process is a direct chemical nickel plating technology: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → alkali cleaning → pickling → activation → chemical nickel plating → passivation sealing of hole.(washing with a water between each step of technology)
(1) pickling chromic anhydride (CrO 3): 125gdm -3, nitric acid HNO 3(68%): 110cm 3Dm -3, temperature: room temperature, time: 30s.
(2) activation hydrofluoric acid HF (40%): 385cm 3Dm -3, temperature: room temperature, time: 5min.
(3) chemical nickel plating single nickel salt (NiSO 4): 20gdm -3, sodium hypophosphite (NaH 2PO 2): 20gdm -3, citric acid (C 6H 8O 7): 5gdm -3, ammonium bifluoride (NH 4HF 2): 12gdm -3, hydrofluoric acid HF (40%): 10cm 3Dm -3, thiocarbamide (N 2H 4CO): 1.2mgdm -3, the pH value: 4.1, temperature: 85 ℃, time: 50min stirs.
(4) passivation NaCr 2O 72H 2O:120gdm -3, temperature: 90 ℃, the time: 10min.
The processing condition of all the other pre-treatment steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Experimental result is referring to table 1:
The The performance test results of table 1 embodiment
Figure A20081002813300121
(" zero " non-scale, " △ " local peeling, " * " peeling in addition come off)
As can be seen from the above table, use the corrosion-resistant grade and the binding force of cladding material of the final coating after technology of the present invention is electroplated to be the highest, its binding force of cladding material is better than adopting the final binding force of cladding material of DOW, WCM technology, its salt spray resistance experiment corrosion class is higher than galvanizing technique and the direct chemical nickel plating technology that does not use prussiate, explanation simultaneously, use the double-deck bottoming of electronickelling/tetra-sodium copper facing, the direct burnt copper pre-plating process of the also strong mistake of the bonding force of coating and magnesium alloy substrate.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, it is characterized in that: this technical process is: mechanical polishing → paraffin removal → alkali cleaning → pickling → activate → soak zinc → electronickelling → pyrophosphate copper plating → electroplating acid copper, semi-bright nickel, bright nickel and chromium, wherein between above steps respectively with the washing of water, and the solution formula of electronickelling step and operational condition are: single nickel salt (NiSO 46H 2O): 100-120gdm -3, fluorochemical (F -): 1.0-1.5moldm -3, ammonium citrate ((NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7): 15-20gdm -3, soluble saccharin: 1-3gdm -3, pH value: 4.8-5.4, cathode current density: 2-4Adm -2, temperature: 45-55 ℃, the time: 20-30min.
2, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula of described acid pickling step and operational condition are: phosphoric acid H 3PO 4(85%): 605cm 3Dm -3, nitric acid HNO 3(69%): 30cm 3Dm -3, sodium lauryl sulphate (C 12H 25SO 3Na): 0.1gdm -3, temperature: room temperature, time: 20-30s.
3, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula of described activation step and operational condition are: potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 100-120gdm -3, yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 15gdm -3, Potassium monofluoride (KF): 7gdm -3, temperature: 60-65 ℃, the time: 3-4min.
4, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described solution formula and operational condition of soaking the zinc step is: zinc sulfate (ZnSO 47H 2O): 50gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 174gdm -3, yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3): 5gdm -3, Potassium monofluoride (KF): 7gdm -3Or lithium fluoride (LiF): 3gdm -3, pH value: 10.2-10.4, temperature: 63-65 ℃, time: 30-90s.
5, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula of described pyrophosphate copper plating step and operational condition are: cupric pyrophosphate (Cu 2P 2O 7): 60gdm -3, potassium pyrophosphate (K 4P 2O 73H 2O): 300gdm -3, ammonium citrate (NH 4) 3C 6H 5O 7: 25gdm -3, temperature: 45-50 ℃, cathode current density: 1Adm -2, the time: 20min.
6, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula of described electroplating acid copper step and operational condition are: copper sulfate (CuSO 45H 2O): 200gdm -3, sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) (ρ=1.84g/l): 35cm 3Dm -3, chlorion (Cl -): 90mgdm -3, open cylinder agent: 6cm 3Dm -3, fill and lead up agent: 0.5cm 3Dm -3, brightening agent: 0.5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 25 ℃, cathode current density: 4Adm -2, time: 10min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
7, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula and the operational condition of described plating semi-bright nickel step are: single nickel salt (NiSO 46H 2O): 280gdm -3, nickelous chloride (NiCl 26H 2O): 45gdm -3, boric acid (H 3BO 3): 40gdm -3, open cylinder agent: 5cm 3Dm -3, fill and lead up agent: 0.8cm 3Dm -3, wetting agent (NP-A): 2cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 60 ℃, the pH value: 3.8, cathode current density: 5Adm -2, time: 8min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
8, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula and the operational condition of described electroplating bright nickel step are: single nickel salt (NiSO 4.6H 2O): 300gdm -3, nickelous chloride (NiCl 2.6H 2O): 60gdm -3, boric acid (H 3BO 3): 48gdm -3, key light agent: 1cm 3Dm -3, softening agent: 10cm 3Dm -3, auxiliary: 4cm 3Dm -3, wetting agent (Y-19): 1.5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 55 ℃, the pH value: 4.5, cathode current density: 5Adm -2, time: 10min, pneumatic blending, continuous filtration.
9, electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the solution formula of described electrodeposited chromium step and operational condition are: chromic anhydride (CrO 3): 250gdm -3, sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) (ρ=1.84gdm -3): 1.0gdm -3, trivalent chromium (Cr 3+): 2.0gdm -3, additive A: 1cm 3Dm -3, additive B: 5cm 3Dm -3, temperature: 40 ℃, cathode current density: 15Adm -2, the time: 3min.
10, according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 described electroplating process for surface of magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, it is characterized in that: the interpolation form of F-is ammonium bifluoride (NH in the solution 4HF 2), one or more the mixture in the Potassium monofluoride (KF), hydrofluoric acid (HF), Sodium Fluoride (NaF).
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