A kind of preparation method of blood vessel stent with polyester medicament eluting coating
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of surface treatment method of material, and specifically a kind of preparation method of coating of intravascular stent belongs to technical field of medical.
(2) background technology
Gruntzig had carried out the first routine percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in the world in 1977, had started the new era of getting involved cardiology.In after this more than 20 year, develop rapidly based on percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) (PCI) technology of PTCA, become the important means of coronary heart disease reconstructing blood vessel, the extensive clinical trial of evidence-based medicine EBM of its curative effect confirms.The main problem that faces in the PCI development course is a restenosis.The restenosis incidence rate studies show that up to 30%~50% behind the PTCA, and the mechanism of restenosis is mainly: 1. blood vessel elasticity bounces back; 2. the blood vessel negativity is reinvented; 3. thrombosis parallel operationization; 4. smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, extracellular matrix is assembled.Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies show that, balloon expandable postoperative restenosis dwindling mainly due to vessel size. and the variation of blood vessel wall area is very little.In 6 months follow up a case by regular visits to tube chamber forfeiture in late period of 73% be since outside due to the elastic force film dwindles.Stent has prevented blood vessel elasticity retraction and negativity to reinvent effectively, and the restenosis incidence rate is reduced to about 20%~30%.But after inserting, support still has smooth muscle cell proliferation, and because the existence of rustless steel foreign body, the simple balloon expandable of the degree of its smooth muscle cell proliferation is more obvious.In recent years carry the clinical practice that discharges the bracket for eluting medicament (DES) that suppresses the smooth muscle cell proliferation medicine, restenosis rate is further significantly reduced.
Intravascular stent surface drug eluting coating adopts the method for spraying usually now, number of patent application is in 200510045668.9 the patent application document in the disclosed technical scheme, adopted the electrostatic spraying apparatus of design voluntarily, its principle is to utilize high-pressure pump that coating is increased pressure, coating after the supercharging sprays rapidly from nozzle, the moment blood pressure lowering, violent dilatant changes into minimum droplet, and by electrostatic generator discharge and be with electric charge, under the combined effect of electric field gravitation and high pressure thrust, be adsorbed in the intravascular stent surface.
Application number is in 200610054046.7 the patent application document in the disclosed technical scheme, adopted the ultrasonic atomizatio spray equipment of design voluntarily, its ultrasonic atomizatio spray equipment only limits to simple control, its injection rate of control coating solution and speed and displacement of reciprocating stroke accurately.
Number of patent application is in 200710021454.7 the patent application document in the disclosed technical scheme in addition, the ultrasonic atomizatio method of employing in the intravascular stent surface preparation polysulfones-polyethylene oxide block copolymer be the medicament eluting coating of pharmaceutical carrier.But at polyester polymer as pharmaceutical carrier (for example: polylactic acid (PLA), poly-Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PGA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid or polylactide Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL) etc. and by above polymer by resulting polymer of mode such as block, grafting, blend etc.) the preparation method of coating blood vessel support do not see open report.Because contain inflexible polysulfones segment and flexible polyoxyethylene segments in the structure of polysulfones-polyethylene oxide block copolymer simultaneously.Polyethylene glycol oxide is a kind of water-soluble polymer, has fabulous biocompatibility.Polyethylene glycol oxide and hydrophobicity polysulfones are formed block copolymer and are had hydrophilic segment and hydrophobic part simultaneously, therefore have amphipathic.And the general hydrophilic of polyester polymer is poor, but hydrolysis rate can pass through molecular weight, monomer ratio is regulated, and has good biocompatibility and Bioabsorbable.So both adhere to the polymer of two class different in kinds separately, obvious difference is arranged on spraying coating process.Can not be that the method for the medicament eluting coating of pharmaceutical carrier directly refers in the medicament eluting coating of intravascular stent surface preparation polyester polymer as pharmaceutical carrier in intravascular stent surface preparation polysulfones-polyethylene oxide block copolymer with the ultrasonic atomizatio method.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can the realization the accurate control of each key element in the ultrasonic atomizatio spraying to be sprayed evenly coating difficult drop-off, the preparation method of a kind of blood vessel stent with polyester medicament eluting coating of the utilization rate of raising coating material.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Intravascular stent polyester medicament eluting coating of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
(1) cleaning of intravascular stent
Stainless steel stent was used acetone, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water cleaned by ultrasonic vibration respectively 5~15 minutes, dried up, standby; The NiTi alloy bracket adopts Fluohydric acid. earlier: concentrated nitric acid: water=1: 8: 16~1: 2: 7 or glacial acetic acid: concentrated nitric acid=3: 7~5: 5, corrode 5~7min, use dehydrated alcohol, deionized water cleaned by ultrasonic vibration 5~15 minutes afterwards respectively, dry up, standby;
(2) preparation of coating solution
In medicine: the ratio of polymer supported drug material=5% to 40%, both are dissolved in the organic solvent, be made into concentration and be the uniform coating solution of 0.1~10% (w/v%, the i.e. ratio of the gross weight of polymer and medicine and solvent volume), standby;
(3) spraying of medicament eluting coating
At first the coating solution for preparing is recorded in syringe, adjusting supersonic generator power is that the injection rate of 0.1~5W, syringe floating coat solution is that 0.001~0.1ml/min and compression pressure are 0.2~10psi; Secondly, the bare metal stent that cleaned in advance is clamped on the particular jig, divide into the fixed rack speed of moving horizontally at the program software interface and be 0.01~1cm/s, support rotary speed and be 10~350r/min, direction of rotation, support motion reciprocal time and be 1~200 time,, dry gas pressure is the ventilation velocity 10~1000CFM of 0.2~10psi, exhaust system; Call at last and start spray procedure, supersonic generator produces ultrasound wave, reach on little atomizer by pick off, coating solution under the power of syringe pump by syringe by line transportation to the atomizing face of nozzle, ultrasound wave changes into fine drop with liquid mist, drop flies to the intravascular stent surface under the drive of low speed Compressed Gas, form the very thin liquid level of one deck at rack surface, after treating that organic solvent volatilizees in the liquid level, the very thin medicament eluting coating of rack surface deposition last layer, support moves back and forth below nozzle therebetween.
(4) drying of medicament eluting coating and sterilization
Intravascular stent after the spraying was placed under the room temperature dry 24 hours, put into 30~40 ℃ in vacuum drying oven drier 48 hours down, the back that finishes to be dried is with encapsulating behind the oxirane disinfection.
Described polymer drug carrier comprise a kind of in polylactic acid (PLA), poly-Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PGA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid or polylactide Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PLGA) or the polycaprolactone (PCL) and by above polymer by block, grafting, the resulting polymer of blending method.
Described organic solvent comprises a kind of in dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, oxolane, ethyl acetate or the dioxane.
Described medicine comprises one or more medicines compound of paclitaxel, rapamycin, curcumin, heparin, ciclosporin A, dactinomycin or dexamethasone kind.
It is polymer drug carrier that the present invention selects polyester polymer, compare such polyester polymer with polysulfones-polyethylene oxide block copolymer and finally be degraded to carbon dioxide and water through 3-6 month in vivo, and by people's institute's metabolism with excrete.This design feature makes the support that is coated with this coating when having kept reducing restenosis and taking place, reduced stenting again effectively after subacute stent thrombosis form and angiomatous generation, guaranteed behind the stenting clinical safety and effectiveness in long term.Outer surface at support is coated with the polymer support that carries anti-proliferative drug, brings into play the effect that it reduces neointimal hyperplasia at blood vessel and tissue one side.Simultaneously, then carrying less medicine, playing the effect that promotes the healing of endothelium towards the lumen of vessels side.
With number of patent application is that disclosed technical scheme is compared in 200510045668.9 the patent application document, in the present invention, is to utilize the mode of vibration of ultrasonic wave to make the coating atomizing, and nebulization efficiency at this moment is higher.Simultaneously, support is not fixed, but can rotate with reciprocating, makes coating more even, does not have the spraying dead angle and produces.With number of patent application is that disclosed technical scheme is compared in 200610054046.7 the patent application document, among the present invention, the control injection rate can be as accurate as 0.01ml/min, and the speed of moving horizontally can be as accurate as 0.01cm/s, can obtain better coating solution utilization ratio.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1-a is the optical morphology photo of bare metal stent
Fig. 1-b is the intravascular stent optical morphology photo that is coated with the PLGA medication coat;
Fig. 2-a is the intravascular stent SEM pattern photo (30 times of patterns) that is coated with the PLGA medication coat;
Fig. 2-b is local 250 times of patterns in A place among Fig. 2;
Fig. 2-c is local 250 times of patterns in B place among Fig. 2;
Fig. 2-d is local 250 times of patterns in C place among Fig. 2;
Fig. 3-a is the intravascular stent balloon expandable test back SEM pattern (for 30 times of lower surface SEM of coating stent of medicine pattern behind the balloon expandable) that is coated with the PLGA medication coat;
Fig. 3-b is Fig. 3-250 times of lower surface SEM in aA place pattern;
Fig. 3-c is Fig. 3-250 times of lower surface SEM in aB place pattern;
Fig. 3-d is Fig. 3-250 times of lower surface SEM in aC place pattern.
(5) specific embodiment
For example the present invention is done in more detail below and describes:
Embodiment 1
The intravascular stent polyester medicament eluting coating carries out according to the following steps:
(1) cleaning of intravascular stent
Stainless steel stent was used acetone, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water cleaned by ultrasonic vibration respectively 5~15 minutes, dried up, standby; The NiTi alloy bracket adopts Fluohydric acid. earlier: concentrated nitric acid: water=1: 8: 16~1: 2: 7 or glacial acetic acid: concentrated nitric acid=3: 7~5: 5, corrode 5~7min, use dehydrated alcohol, deionized water cleaned by ultrasonic vibration 5~15 minutes afterwards respectively, dry up, standby.
(2) preparation of coating solution
In medicine: the ratio of polymer supported drug material=5% to 40%, both are dissolved in the organic solvent of certain volume, be made into concentration and be the uniform coating solution of 0.1~10% (w/v%, the i.e. ratio of the gross weight of polymer and medicine and solvent volume), standby.Its polymer drug carrier comprises polylactic acid (PLA), poly-Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PGA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid or polylactide Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL) etc. and is passed through the resulting polymer of mode such as block, grafting, blend etc. by above polymer; Organic solvent comprises a kind of of dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, oxolane, ethyl acetate, dioxane etc.; Medicine comprises that paclitaxel, rapamycin, curcumin, heparin, ciclosporin A, dactinomycin, dexamethasone etc. have one or more medicines compound of anti-restenosis function.
(3) spraying of medicament eluting coating
The medicament eluting coating adopts the method for ultrasonic atomization spraying, at first the coating solution for preparing is recorded in syringe, regulate supersonic generator power (the supersonic generator power regulating range is 0.1~5W), the injection rate of syringe floating coat solution (injection rate of syringe floating coat solution be 0.001~0.1ml/min) and compression pressure (Compressed Gas is selected high pure nitrogen for use, pressure is 0.2~10psi) relevant parameter such as grade, and it is best that the solution atomization phenomenon that the ultrasonic wave atomizing nozzle place is produced reaches; Secondly, the bare metal stent that cleaned in advance is clamped on the particular jig, divide into fixed rack moves horizontally speed (the support level translational speed is 0.01~1cm/s) at the program software interface, (the support rotary speed is 10~350r/min) to the support rotary speed, (direction of rotation is counter clockwise direction (CCW to direction of rotation, counter-clockwise) rotation), (reciprocal time is 1~200 time to support motion reciprocal time, can obtain thickness and be 1~200 micron medicament eluting coating), (dry gas is selected high pure nitrogen for use to dry gas pressure, and pressure is 0.2~10psi), (ventilation velocity is 10~1000CFM) relevant parameters such as grade to the ventilation velocity of exhaust system; Call at last and start spray procedure, supersonic generator produces ultrasound wave, reach on little atomizer by pick off, coating solution under the power of syringe pump by syringe by line transportation to the atomizing face of nozzle, ultrasound wave changes into fine drop with liquid mist, drop flies to the intravascular stent surface under the drive of low speed Compressed Gas, form the very thin liquid level of one deck at rack surface, after treating that organic solvent volatilizees in the liquid level, the very thin medicament eluting coating of rack surface deposition last layer, thereby realize the directional spray of medicament eluting coating, support moves back and forth below nozzle therebetween, the continuous deposited coatings of rack surface is by changing the uniform drug eluting coating that reciprocal time can obtain different-thickness.
(4) drying of medicament eluting coating and sterilization
Intravascular stent after the spraying was placed under the room temperature dry 24 hours, put into 30~40 ℃ in vacuum drying oven drier 48 hours down, the back that finishes to be dried is with encapsulating behind the oxirane disinfection.
Embodiment 2
(5) cleaning of intravascular stent
Stainless steel stent was used acetone, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water cleaned by ultrasonic vibration respectively 15 minutes, dried up, standby; The NiTi alloy bracket adopts earlier Fluohydric acid.: concentrated nitric acid: water=1: 8: 16 or glacial acetic acid: concentrated nitric acid=3: 7, corrode 7min, and use dehydrated alcohol, deionized water cleaned by ultrasonic vibration 15 minutes afterwards respectively, dry up, standby.
(6) preparation of coating solution
In paclitaxel: the ratio of polylactic-co-glycolic acid or polylactide Acetic acid, hydroxy-, bimol. cyclic ester (PLGA)=35%, both are dissolved in the organic solvent of certain volume, be made into concentration and be the uniform coating solution of 1% (w/v%, the i.e. ratio of the gross weight of polymer and medicine and solvent volume), standby.
(7) spraying of medicament eluting coating
The medicament eluting coating adopts the method for ultrasonic atomization spraying, at first the coating solution for preparing is recorded in syringe, adjusting supersonic generator power is that 0.052ml/min and compression pressure are 5psi to the injection rate of 4W, syringe floating coat solution, and it is best that the solution atomization phenomenon that the ultrasonic wave atomizing nozzle place is produced reaches; Secondly, the bare metal stent that cleaned in advance is clamped on the particular jig, and the ventilation velocity of dividing into the fixed rack speed of moving horizontally at the program software interface and be 0.35cm/s, support rotary speed and be 450r/min, direction of rotation and be CCW, support motion reciprocal time and be 20 times, dry gas pressure and be 5psi, exhaust system is 50CMF; Call at last and start spray procedure, supersonic generator produces ultrasound wave, reach on little atomizer by pick off, coating solution under the power of syringe pump by syringe by line transportation to the atomizing face of nozzle, ultrasound wave changes into fine drop with liquid mist, drop flies to the intravascular stent surface under the drive of low speed Compressed Gas, form the very thin liquid level of one deck at rack surface, after treating that organic solvent volatilizees in the liquid level, the very thin uniform drug eluting coating of rack surface deposition last layer, thereby the directional spray of realization medicament eluting coating.
(8) drying of medicament eluting coating and sterilization
Intravascular stent after the spraying was placed under the room temperature dry 24 hours, put into 35 ℃ in vacuum drying oven drier 48 hours down, the back that finishes to be dried is with encapsulating behind the oxirane disinfection.
As can be seen from Figure 1, do not have significant difference between bare metal stent and the coating stent of medicine on optical morphology, the surface all presents bright color and luster.Simultaneously, the coating stent of medicine surface does not have phenomenons such as silk extension, adhesion and occurs, and this explanation adopts this technological parameter drug prepared coating even, the accumulation of no polymer.
From figure in 2 as can be seen, the bracket coating surfacing is smooth, no significant defect occurs, medication coat is evenly distributed in the bare metal stent surface.
As can be seen from Figure 3, crackle does not all appear in the coating stent of medicine surface, the disbonding phenomenon do not occur simultaneously yet, and the rack surface medication coat is intact.The result shows that this coating stent of medicine is in the balloon expandable process of the test, and the rack surface medication coat can sustain corresponding tension and compression deformation, and medication coat has good pliability and interface bond strength.