CN101278663B - Method for improving traits in sex-linkaged balanced lethal silkworm strain by hybridization - Google Patents
Method for improving traits in sex-linkaged balanced lethal silkworm strain by hybridization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for hybridizing and improving silkworm sex linkage balanced lethal system characters and belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding. The method is used for culturing an intermediate material with translocation gene on a sex chromosome W by the continuous backcross of the male of ordinary breed and the parent strain female silkworm of the balanced lethal system; the female of the intermediate material and the male silkworm of the balanced lethal system are hybridized and continuously selfed, and the balance 60 of a new balanced lethal system breed is selected and cultured by the phenotype difference of lethal genes. The method has simple operation and small breeding scale, which keeps the gene for controlling sex of a new silkworm sex linkage balanced lethal system and also improves the economic character comprehensively. The male silkworm production of the male silkworm hybridization combination of Huajing is multiplied by the balance 60 is more than 99 percent; compared with the current main bred female-male silkworm breed of Jingsong is multiplied by Haoyue, the cocoon filament quality and the vitality of the invention are much better, thus achieving the male population level in current breed, which can be applied in silkworm breeding organizations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the silkworm breeding technical field, relate in particular to a kind ofly, improve the method that itself and conventional silkworm kind combine male silkworm hybrid combination economic characters by improving silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line proterties.
Background technology
Male silkworm is compared with female silkworm has food Sang Sheng, and the sericulture cost is low, the high and excellent remarkable advantage of silk quality of silk production rate.Specially support male silkworm and raise together with, can increase economic efficiency more than 20% than present male and female.Therefore, in, countries such as day, Russia are from different angle research silkworm sex controlling technology, attempt to realize on producing specially foster male silkworm.All do not obtained satisfied male silkworm variety since half a century, thereby specially foster male silkworm technology is not applied yet in production practices.Russian Academy Of Sciences grow biological study through the effort of many decades, be built into the silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line, be a kind of silkworm kind of controlling original seed and crossbreed sex with specific genes.Its offspring's female, male silkworm half and half is in death embryonic period, embryonic phase after this system's selfing, and second half of survival can be bred and be reserved seed for planting.Utilize the male silkworm of this system and the female silkworm hybridization of conventional variety, it is of future generation female all in death embryonic period, embryonic phase, has only male silkworm normally to hatch, and therefore, utilizes this system can reach the purpose of specially supporting male silkworm theoretically.But because Russian this country there is no the silk industry, they make up this balanced lethal system purpose mainly is under lab to carry out the research of genetic development from silkworm heredity angle, so its economic characters are very poor, be nothing like every index of the existing silkworm kind of China, so do not have direct value in China.Silkworm sex controlling materials such as this silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line S-8, S-14 are introduced in the Silk Worm Inst Zhejiang Prov. Agriculture Science Academy in the spring in 1996 from Russia, purpose is in order to utilize the ability of the peculiar control of silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line silkworm sex, attempt to breed practical male silkworm variety, in the production of breeding silkworms, apply.In order to make this material can be applied to production practices, at first must improve this introduced variety, under the prerequisite of not losing the balanced lethal system sex controlled gene, need improve its economic characters level greatly.We utilized the silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line sex controlled gene of design voluntarily and the introduction method (patent No.: ZL01132108.3) and the method (patent No.: ZL01126809.3) of backcross improvement silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line in recent years, having silkworm kind cyanines pine, white clouds etc. with silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line S-8, the S-14 etc. that introduce from Russia now with China is the parent, bred new balanced lethal system silkworm kind flat 9 respectively differently with flat 30, itself and conventional cultivated silkworm breed variety have been combined male silkworm hybrid combination obtained application aborning.But above-mentioned two kinds of methods have the limitation in the breeding, and the former operates than more complicated, being on a grand scale of breeding, and in the seed selection way just in case make mistakes, be difficult to corrigendum; The latter can only improve indivedual proterties of former balanced lethal system, and little to the raising effect of its whole proterties.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, than more complicated, the breeding scale is big at existing operation in the above-mentioned technology, and mistake is difficult to corrigendum; Maybe can only indivedual proterties of balanced lethal system be improved, and to defective such as whole proterties raising effect is little, a kind of method of the silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line being carried out crossbreeding and improvement is proposed, this method operation is comparatively easy, and can improve its whole proterties level rapidly, simultaneously can keep its sex controlling ability again, and then can utilize itself and conventional silkworm kind to combine the good male silkworm hybrid combination of economic characters.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of improving traits in sex-linkaged balanced lethal silkworm strain by hybridization, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) adopt the male silkworm of conventional silkworm kind and the female silkworm of balanced lethal system to hybridize; Again the male silkworm of female silkworm of this filial generation and conventional silkworm kind is made continuous backcross 2-3 time, breed one and on female silkworm sex chromosome w, have the sex controlled gene+w3+l1 of transposition, and have the intermediate materials of conventional silkworm kind blood relationship about 90%;
(2) with the female silkworm of intermediate materials of step (1) and the male silkworm hybridization of balanced lethal system, the female silkworm that survives in its offspring colony moth district is only a kind of, and its genotype is W
+ w3+l1Z
L1, male silkworm has two kinds, and the genotype of A is ZZ
L1With the genotype of B be ZZ
L2
(3) the female silkworm in step (2) the moth district is carried out selfing with two kinds of male silkworms of A, B respectively, produce respectively by different genotype W
+ w3+l1Z
L1, W
+ w3+l1Z, Z
L1Z and Z
L1Z
L1The C moth district that (extremely) formed and by different genotype W
+ w3+l1Z
L2(extremely), W
+ w3+l1Z, Z
L1Z and Z
L1Z
L2The D moth district that forms, wherein, male Z in the C moth district
L1Z
L1Lethal gene l1 isozygotys, death embryonic period, embryonic phase, and dead ovum phenotype is that body pigmentation stage causes death, this moth district survives individual female: male=2: 1; Female W in the D moth district
+ w3+l1Z
L2, the effect of l2 causes death, and dead ovum phenotype is early stage causing death, and this moth district survives individual female: male=1: 2; According to the different manifestations type and different female, the male ratio indication trait that survives individuality of above each dead ovum in moth district, can distinguish C moth district and D moth district;
(4) with the female silkworm in step (3) C moth district and the male silkworm mating in D moth district, produce incubation rate and be respectively 100%, 75%, 75% and the offspring moth district of 50% 4 kind of different manifestations type, selecting incubation rate wherein is that 50% moth district is the new balanced lethal system that improvement forms, and its genotype is formed and is: W
+ w3+l1Z
Ll1, Z
L1Z
L2, Z
L1Z
L1(extremely), W
+ w3+l1Z
L2(extremely);
(5) the new balanced lethal system of step (4) is selected for the selfing purifying through 4-6, after fixing, just bred the balanced lethal system new varieties that proterties is comparatively stable.
For distinguishing the male and female of balanced lethal system parent silkworm seed, make it when original seed, can remove the female hero that stays, in crossbreed produces, only to raise the male silkworm of balanced lethal system original seed, adopt one of following 2 kinds of methods, can guarantee not lose sex-limited ovum color base because of: 1. in above-mentioned (3) step, male moth to D moth district, utilize the repeatedly characteristic of mating of male moth, female moth mating with C moth district, produce seed selection with the ovum circle after, carry out test cross with the female moth that has the white ovum w3/w3 gene that isozygotys again, produce test cross ovum circle, simultaneously to putting on corresponding numbering with the seed selection of same male moth mating with ovum circle and test cross ovum circle, observation test cross ovum circle when reserving seed for planting, select with test cross ovum circle in have a white ovum corresponding seed selection raise subculture with the ovum circle, to have white ovum gene in the kind that guarantees to select and remain; Or 2. utilize in above-mentioned (4) step and individually to have the bigger characteristics of white ovum gene probability, can strengthen the moth number of reserving seed for planting in this step, and, have the offspring of white ovum to select and remain by selfing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, proposition new method that the silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line is improved, only need according to design hybridization, backcross, after the step such as selfing, again by the different manifestations type of each dead ovum in moth district with survive individual different female, male ratio mark property, distinguish C moth district and D moth district, it is 50% new balanced lethal system that post-coitum can therefrom select incubation rate, its operation is comparatively simple, similar with the cross breeding method of conventional silkworm kind, the seed selection scale is less, only is the patent No.: 1/3 of ZL01132108.3 seed selection scale;
Two, the inventive method had both made the new silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line bred of improvement flat 60 still maintain 2 groups of control sex genes, had improved the proterties (seeing Table 1) of this new balanced lethal system again comprehensively; Through practical proof for many years, causing death with this is the male silkworm hybrid combination Hua Jing that combines of parent and conventional silkworm kind * flat 60, and its male silkworm rate is more than 99%, and every economic characters are better than male silkworm hybrid combination Hua Jing of the balanced lethal system parent flat 30 * put down 30 comprehensively; And compare with one of the main foster male and female silkworm kind of current production cyanines pine * bright moon, all surpassing aspect silk quality and the vitality, reached the male population level of current race, have practical value (seeing Table 2).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line sex controlled gene structure and schematic diagram
Fig. 2 silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line crossbreeding general flow chart
The omnidistance figure of Fig. 3 silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line crossbreeding
Wherein, Fig. 2 is again a Figure of abstract.(* wherein: be illustrated in the 10th chromosomal+w3/+w3 being arranged ,+w3/w3,3 kinds of genotype individualities of w3/w3 under a kind of heterosomal genotype.)
Specific embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by following examples, but the present invention is not placed restrictions on by following content.
Silkworm parental breed related in following examples is:
The sex linked balanced lethal line parent flat 30: with the sex linked balanced lethal line S-14 of Russia's introduction and the good conventional silkworm kind white clouds of China is parent material, by the patent No.: the balanced lethal system that the ZL01132108.3 method is bred,, apply in production by provincial authorization with male silkworm hybrid combination autumn China * flat 30 of itself and conventional silkworm kind autumn China's assembly.
Conventional silkworm kind 416: be the good conventional silkworm kind of China, its male parent is 54A, and female parent is 42.
Conventional silkworm kind Hua Jing: be the sex-limited skin spot silkworm kind that Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science silkworm research institute newly breeds, its male parent is the cyanines pines, and female parent is Hua Guang.
Embodiment 1:(silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line sex controlled gene structure and principle reach flat 60 the process of breeding)
Because the silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line is a kind of special silkworm kind, for convenience of explanation and understand,, earlier silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line sex controlled gene structure and principle done one and simply introduce at this.Fig. 1 is deadly sex controlled gene structure of silkworm property continuous equilibrium and schematic diagram.From Fig. 1 as seen, isozygoty death during embryonic period gene, i.e. l1 and l2 of the recessiveness that respectively has 1 sudden change on male 2 the property chromatid Z of this system.Two gene swapping rates are 0.8%; On the 10th autosome, have recessiveness the 3rd white ovum gene w3/w3 that isozygotys, thereby the male genotype structure is Z
L1Z
L2W3/w3.Transposition simultaneously has the equipotential normal type genetic fragment+l1 with sex-linked lethal gene l1 and the 3rd white ovum w3 to reach+w3 on the female W sex chromosome, also has lethal mutation gene l1 on the Z chromosome; Also have in the 10th normal dyeing and be with the 3rd white ovum gene w3/w3 that isozygotys, female gene type structure is w
+ w3+l1Z
+ l1W3/w3.That is to say that it has 2 groups of sex controlled genes simultaneously, because of being used for distinguishing parent self sex, female is black egg with one group of sex-limited ovum color base, and male is white ovum, to be used for original seed production, reduces breeding cost.With another group balanced lethal gene control first generation of hybrid sex.Its control sex mechanism is as follows, this system's selfing, male and female respectively have half death embryonic period, embryonic phase, and female be black egg, malely be white ovum, Fig. 1 left side one side of something; Male and the female hybridization of other silkworm kind of balanced lethal system, the death of female embryo phase has only male hatching, and Fig. 1 is right half of.Thereby these 2 groups of genes all can not be lost when breeding.
The method of breeding of silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line flat 60, its concrete steps are:
(1) adopt the male silkworm of conventional silkworm kind 416 and the female silkworm of balanced lethal system flat 30 to hybridize; Again the male silkworm continuous backcross of female silkworm of filial generation and conventional silkworm kind is done 3 times, bred one and on female silkworm sex chromosome W, have the sex controlled gene+w3+l1 of transposition, and have the intermediate materials of 93.75% conventional silkworm kind 416 blood relationships in theory;
(2) with the female silkworm of step (1) intermediate materials and the male hybridization of balanced lethal system flat 30, the female silkworm that survives in its offspring colony moth district is genotype W
+ w3+l1Z
L1A kind of, male silkworm is that A has genotype ZZ
L1Have genotype ZZ with B
L2Two kinds;
(3) the female silkworm in step (2) the moth district is carried out selfing with two kinds of male silkworms of A, B respectively, produce respectively by different genotype W
+ w3+l1Z
L1, W
+ w3+l1Z, Z
L1Z and Z
L1Z
L1The C moth district that (extremely) formed and by different genotype W
+ w3+l1Z
L2(extremely), W
+ w3+l1Z, Z
L1Z and Z
L1Z
L2The D moth district that forms, wherein, male Z in the C moth district
L1Z
L1Lethal gene isozygotys, death embryonic period, embryonic phase, and dead ovum phenotype is that body pigmentation stage causes death, this moth district survives in the individuality female: male=2: 1; Female W in the D moth district
+ w3+l1Z
L2, 12 effect causes death, and dead ovum phenotype is early stage causing death, and this moth district survives in the individuality female: male=1: 2; According to the different manifestations type of above each dead ovum in moth district with survive indication trait such as individual different female, male ratio, can distinguish C moth district and D moth district;
(4) with the female silkworm in step (3) C moth district and the male silkworm mating in D moth district, produce incubation rate and be respectively 100%, 75%, 75% and the offspring moth district of 50% 4 kind of different manifestations type, selecting incubation rate wherein is that 50% moth district is the new balanced lethal system kind that improvement is bred, be named and put down 60, its genotype composition is: W
+ w3+l1ZL
L1, Z
L1Z
L2, Z
L1Z
L1(extremely), W
+ w3+l1Z
L2(extremely);
(5) the new balanced lethal system of step (4) flat 60 is reserved seed for planting 10 moths circles, the moth circle that has white ovum of selecting and remain mixes raising, selects through 4 generations selfing purifying, notes selecting and remain in the purge process having the offspring of white ovum, after gene is fixing, just breed the balanced lethal system new varieties that proterties is comparatively stable.
Embodiment 2:(flat 60 breeds and the proterties test)
It is the raising achievement (autumn in 2007) of original seed flat 60 that the silkworm property that table 1 is newly bred connects deadly
With silkworm balanced lethal system flat 30 is the balanced lethal system parent, and current race 416 is conventional silkworm breed parent, and since spring calendar year 2001, through research in 4 years, more successfully a new silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line was bred in hybridization; And then, bred fixing balanced lethal system new varieties through the purifying in 3 years 6 generations, be named flat 60.Every proterties of flat 60 has had significant improvement than its parent flat 30, and the raising test result of phase in autumn in 2007 sees Table 1.
The hybridization utilization silkworm hybrid combination male proterties test of embodiment 3:(flat 60) with it
Modern silkworm is all adopted crossbreed on producing, thereby weighs the quality of an original seed (parent), must see the economic characters of its first generation of hybrid.Flat 60 with silkworm kind China cyanines hybridization F
1More than 99%, this raising achievement that is combined in the phase in autumn in 2007 is listed in table 2 for male silkworm rate.As seen from Table 2, the achievement of this hero silkworm hybrid combination, one side are better than the achievement of Hua Jing * flat 30, illustrate with the flat 30 silkworm sex-linked lethals of breeding for initial parent to be that new varieties flat 60 have obtained greatly more comprehensively improving on proterties; No matter the achievement of Hua Jing * flat 60 on the other hand still is all to have surpassed existing silkworm kind cyanines pine * bright moon aspect the vitality at silk quality, has reached the male population level of current race, has practical value.
The silk achievement (autumn in 2007) of the male silkworm hybrid combination of table 2 Hua Jing * flat 60
| The kind name | Pass through full age (day: the time) | Pass through for five ages (day: the time) | Four-aged silkworm worm pupa rate (%) | Cocoon weight (gram) | Cocoon shell weight (gram) | The cocoon layer rate | Ten thousand silkworm amount of cocoon crop (kilogram) | Ten thousand silkworms produce cocoon shell weight (kilogram) |
| Hua Jing * flat 60 | 24:6 | 7:9 | 85.34 | 1.38 | 0.373 | 26.98 | 12.45 | 3.358 |
| Hua Jing * flat 30 | 24:6 | 7:00 | 84.20 | 1.35 | 0.326 | 24.18 | 12.28 | 2.971 |
| Cyanines pine * bright moon | 24:6 | 7:9 | 84.14 | 1.44 | 0.344 | 23.83 | 13.22 | 3.151 |
| The kind name | Silk long (rice) | Length of non broken filament (rice) | Silk amount (gram) | The size of cocoon filament (dawn) | Cleaning (branch) | Cleanliness (branch) | Bright cocoon silk production rate (%) |
| Hua Jing * flat 60 | 1208 | 889 | 0.3154 | 2.349 | 100 | 96 | 20.93 |
| Hua Jing * flat 30 | 1099 | 817 | 0.2634 | 2.156 | 99 | 93 | 17.97 |
| Cyanines pine * bright moon | 1042 | 786 | 0.2828 | 2.442 | 99 | 95 | 18.19 |
Claims (3)
1. the method for an improving traits in sex-linkaged balanced lethal silkworm strain by hybridization is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) adopt the male silkworm of conventional silkworm kind and the female silkworm of balanced lethal system to hybridize; Again the male silkworm of female silkworm of this filial generation and conventional silkworm kind is made continuous backcross 2-3 time, breed one and on female silkworm sex chromosome W, have the sex controlled gene+w3+l1 of transposition, and have the intermediate materials of conventional silkworm kind blood relationship about 90%;
(2) the male hybridization of the intermediate materials of step (1) is female and balanced lethal system, the female silkworm that survives in its offspring colony moth district is only a kind of, and its genotype is W
+ w3+l1Z
L1, male silkworm has two kinds, and the genotype of A is ZZ
L1With the genotype of B be ZZ
L2
(3) the female silkworm in step (2) the moth district is carried out selfing with two kinds of male silkworms of A, B respectively, produce respectively by different genotype W
+ w3+l1Z
L1, W
+ w3+l1Z, Z
L1The Z of Z and silkworm seed death during embryonic period
L1Z
L1The C moth district that forms and by the W of different genotype silkworm seed death during embryonic period
+ w3+l1Z
L2, W
+ w3+l1Z, Z
L1Z and Z
L1Z
L2The D moth district that forms, wherein, male Z in the C moth district
L1Z
L1Lethal gene l1 isozygotys, death embryonic period, embryonic phase, and dead ovum phenotype is that body pigmentation stage causes death, this moth district survives individual female: male=2: 1; Female W in the D moth district
+ w3+l1Z
L2, the effect of l2 causes death, and dead ovum phenotype is early stage causing death, and this moth district survives individual female: male=1: 2; According to the different manifestations type and different female, the male ratio indication trait that survives individuality of above each dead ovum in moth district, can distinguish C moth district and D moth district;
(4) with the female silkworm in step (3) C moth district and the male silkworm mating in D moth district, produce incubation rate and be respectively 100%, 75%, 75% and the offspring moth district of 50% 4 kind of different manifestations type, selecting incubation rate wherein is that 50% moth district is the balanced lethal system that improvement forms, and its genotype is formed and is: W
+ w3+l1Z
L1, Z
L1Z
L2, the Z of silkworm seed death during embryonic period
L1Z
L1, the W of silkworm seed death during embryonic period
+ w3+l1Z
L2
(5) the new balanced lethal system of step (4) is selected for the selfing purifying through 4-6, after isogeneity is fixing, just bred a balanced lethal system kind that proterties is comparatively stable.
2. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described method step (3), male moth to D moth district, utilize the repeatedly characteristic of mating of male moth, female moth mating with C moth district, produce seed selection with the ovum circle after, carry out test cross with the female moth that has the white ovum w3/w3 gene that isozygotys again, produce test cross ovum circle, simultaneously to putting on corresponding numbering with ovum circle and test cross ovum circle with the seed selection of same male moth mating, observe test cross ovum circle when reserving seed for planting, select with test cross ovum circle in have a white ovum corresponding seed selection raise subculture with the ovum circle, have white ovum gene in planting to guarantee to select and remain.
3. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described method step (4), utilize its individuality to have the bigger characteristics of white ovum gene probability, can strengthen the moth number of reserving seed for planting in this step, and, have the offspring of white ovum to select and remain by selfing.
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| CN102533773B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Silkworm sex chromosome linked gene SLC35B1 and recessive lethal mutant gene thereof, and application thereof in sex ratio control of silkworms |
| CN103355161B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-01-20 | 云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所 | Create the female backcross method of silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line |
| CN105165745B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-09-19 | 浙江省农业科学院 | The silkworm property of filial generation all-male is than control breeding method |
| CN114190339B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-05-23 | 西南大学 | Breeding method of limited white silkworm variety suitable for male and female silkworm partial rearing and male cocoon partial reeling |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1337151A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2002-02-27 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Backcross method of inproving sex-linked balanced lethal line of bombyx mori |
| CN1344796A (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2002-04-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Implantation method of sex-linked balance lethal and sex control gene for Bombyx mori |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1337151A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2002-02-27 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Backcross method of inproving sex-linked balanced lethal line of bombyx mori |
| CN1344796A (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2002-04-17 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Implantation method of sex-linked balance lethal and sex control gene for Bombyx mori |
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