CN1012742B - 高氯酸钠的制造方法 - Google Patents

高氯酸钠的制造方法

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Publication number
CN1012742B
CN1012742B CN 87105508 CN87105508A CN1012742B CN 1012742 B CN1012742 B CN 1012742B CN 87105508 CN87105508 CN 87105508 CN 87105508 A CN87105508 A CN 87105508A CN 1012742 B CN1012742 B CN 1012742B
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electrolysis
solution
naclo
sodium perchlorate
grams per
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CN1031262A (zh
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唐重成
姚沛
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TIANJIN CHEMICAL INST MINISTRY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
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TIANJIN CHEMICAL INST MINISTRY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
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Priority to CN 87105508 priority Critical patent/CN1012742B/zh
Publication of CN1031262A publication Critical patent/CN1031262A/zh
Publication of CN1012742B publication Critical patent/CN1012742B/zh
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Abstract

本发明是关于制造高氯酸钠的工艺方法。首先将食盐溶液进行深度电解,制得低盐氯酸钠溶液,然后除铬可直接进一步电解制取高氯酸钠。本发明省去了传统法制造固体氯酸钠的工序,因而缩短了工艺流程,降低了能耗,并且总电耗也低于传统法。

Description

本发明属于电解法制造高氯酸钠。
高氯酸钠(NaClO4)是火箭推进剂固体燃料氧化剂高氯酸铵、高氯酸锂以及烟火剂高氯酸钾的原料,也是几十种高氯酸盐的原料。因此,高氯酸钠是高氯酸盐中最重要的化合物。
制备高氯酸钠溶液有各种各样方法,其中最重要的方法是电解氧化法。传统的电解法是首先电解食盐溶液制取氯酸钠溶液,当食盐转化率达到50~70%,溶液中NaCl100~150克/升,NaClO3400~450克/升时,停止电解,将该溶液除氯、蒸发、结晶、分离出固体NaClO3,然后将其溶解成含NaClO3650~700克/升的溶液,除铬后,再进一步电解成NaClO4溶液。该过程工序繁多,能耗大,母液循环量大,另外在蒸发过程中伴有固体食盐及其他沉积物析出,影响蒸发器的效率,需频繁清洗才能保证流程畅通。用传统方法生产NaClO4的缺点显而易见,且这些缺点也将带给其他高氯酸盐的生产。
针对传统方法的缺点,本发明提出一个工序少、能耗低制造NaClO4溶液的方法。
本发明将食盐溶液进行深度电解,制成低盐NaClO3溶液,除铬后,再进一步电解制成NaClO4溶液。
深度电解分两段进行,第一段电解控制溶液pH=6.2~6.5,电解温度60~80℃,电流密度7~15A/dm2,电流浓度2~10A/l,当NaCl转化率达到50~70%时,转入第二段电解,控制pH=6.5~7.0,电解温度50~60℃,电流密度7~8A/dm2,电流浓度2~10A/l。深度电解可以使用低氯超电压过氧化铅电极,也可以使用陶基二氧化铅电极,其中尤以使用前者为最佳。
深度电解后的溶液,NaCl转化率达90%以上,NaClO3在600克/升以上,NaCl在30克/升以下。该溶液用传统方法除铬后,即可进一步电解制得NaClO4溶液。此时电解可以使用陶基二氧化铅电极,溶液维持其pH=7.0~14.0,电解温度50~60℃,电流密度13~17A/dm2,电流浓度5~25A/l。此时的电解条件基本为专业人员所熟悉的传统法工艺条件。
按本发明的条件制取NaClO4溶液,深度电解的电流效率在80%以上,制得NaClO4溶液的电流效率不低于70%,由电解食盐至高氯酸钠的总电耗为7000~8900度/吨NaClO4
实施本发明,省去了传统法的固体氯酸钠的制造过程,即省去了蒸发、结晶、分离、溶解等诸工序,从而节省了蒸汽消耗。显而易见,本发明工序少,收率高,能耗低、成本低。
实例1
电槽负荷3.4A,陶基二氧化铅电极的电流密度为8.5A/dm2电流浓度10A/l,电解原始液含300克/升NaCl,2克/升Na2Cr2O7,第一段电解维持pH6.1~6.5,温度70℃,至转化率60%后转入第二段电解,维持pH6.5~7.0,温度50℃,电流密度8A/dm2,电流浓度9A/l,电解至转化率96%。将所得溶液除铬后加入高氯酸钠电解槽中电解,电槽负荷6.8,陶基二氧化铅电极的电流密度16A/dm2电流浓度18A/l,溶液pH为9~10,温度60℃,电解完成液组分为700克/升NaClO4,5克/升NaClO3。从食盐至高氯酸钠溶液的总直流电耗为7695度/吨NaClO4
实例2
电槽负荷3.4A,低氯超电压电极的电流密度8A/dm2,电流浓度10A/l,电解原始液含290克/升NaCl,2克/升NaClO3,2克/升NaCr2O7。第一段电解维持pH6.2-6.5,温度70-80℃,至转化率70%后转入第二段电解,维持pH6.5-7.0,温度50-55℃,电流密度8A/dm2,电流浓度10A/l′电 解至转化率96%。将所得溶液除铬后加入高氯酸钠电解槽中电解,电槽负荷7A,陶基二氧化铅电极的电流密度16.5A/dm2,电流浓度20.6A/l,溶液PH9-10,温度60℃,电解完成液组分为700克/升NaClO44.7克/升NaClO3。从食盐到高氯酸钠溶液的总直流电耗为7064度/吨NaClO4
实例3
电槽负荷170A,低氯超电压电极的电流密度7.2A/dm2,电流浓度2.8A/l,将含295克/升NaCl,2克/升NaClO3,2克/升Na2Cr2O7的盐水按实例1条件进行两段电解,电解至转化率达96%,将此低盐氯酸钠溶液除铬后加入高氯酸钠电解槽,电槽负荷400A,陶基二氧化铅电极的电流密度17A/dm2,电流浓度6.6A/l,按实例1电解高氯酸钠条件电解,电解完成液含765.7克/升高氯酸钠,5克/升氯酸钠,由食盐到高氯酸钠溶液的总直流电耗为7699度/吨NaClO4
实例4
电槽负荷5000A,低氯超电极,电流密度为7.8A/dm2,电流浓度4.55A/l,将含290克/升NaCl,2克/升NaClO3,2克/升Na2Cr2O7的盐水按实例1电解氯酸钠条件电解,电解至转化率为97%,将此溶液除铬后加入高氯酸钠电解槽中电解,电槽负荷3000A,陶基二氧化铅电极的电流密度14A/dm2,电流浓度6A/l,按实例1条件电解所得溶液含NaClO4850克/升,NaClO35克/升。经过2160小时的运行,从食盐至高氯酸钠溶液的平均直流电耗为8150度/吨NaClO4。771升上述电解制得的高氯酸钠溶液,加入3m3搪瓷釜中按传统方法加入1550升氯化钾溶液(含KCl260克/升)复分解,所得结晶经离心分离,洗涤干燥后得高氯酸钾690公斤,质量符合国家优质品。

Claims (2)

1、一种电解制造高氯酸钠溶液的方法,包括首先电解食盐溶液制氯酸钠溶液,然后除铬,再进一步电解制高氯酸钠溶液,其特征是在制备氯酸钠的步骤中使用过氧化铅或二氧化铅电极将食盐溶液分两段进行电解,第一段电解控制溶液pH=6.2~6.5,电解温度60~80℃,电流密度7~15A/dm2,电流浓度2~10A/L,使NaCl转化率达到50~70%,第二段电解控制溶液PH=6.5~7.0,电解温度50~60℃,电流密度7~8A/dm2,电流浓度2~10A/L,使NaCl转化率达到90%以上。
2、一种按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所使用的电极是过氧化铅电极。
CN 87105508 1987-08-10 1987-08-10 高氯酸钠的制造方法 Expired CN1012742B (zh)

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CN1012742B true CN1012742B (zh) 1991-06-05

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102732908A (zh) * 2012-07-17 2012-10-17 永州九星化工有限公司 一种外循环电解装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102732908A (zh) * 2012-07-17 2012-10-17 永州九星化工有限公司 一种外循环电解装置
CN102732908B (zh) * 2012-07-17 2015-02-04 永州九星化工有限公司 一种外循环电解装置

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