CN101272841B - 聚结过滤介质及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于从气流除去液体气溶胶、油和/或水的聚结过滤介质。所述介质包含连续、基本无聚烯烃的聚合物纳米纤维的至少一个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网,各纳米纤维层具有小于约800nm的平均纤维直径,并且具有至少约2.5g/m2的基重。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种聚结过滤介质,具体地讲涉及用于从压缩空气或气流除去液体气溶胶、油或水的过滤介质。
发明背景
在压缩机或真空泵中使用的气流和在制冷或空调压缩机中使用的制冷剂可能被液体气溶胶、油和水污染。可用过滤设备除去污染物。污染物被收集在过滤设备使用的聚结过滤介质上。聚结过滤介质可由织造或非织造材料制成。此类材料包括纤维素、玻璃或合成纤维的致密垫。为了有效,聚结过滤介质必须俘获污染物,同时允许气流流动通过过滤介质,并以尽可能小的阻抗或压降允许充分的透气性。为了降低成本,也有利使聚结过滤介质的基重降低到最小程度。
美国专利申请2004/0038014描述一种用于从气流或液体流除去颗粒物质的聚合物过滤介质。过滤介质由直径0.03至0.5微米的有机聚合物纤维制成,所述过滤介质具有1至100微米的厚度和5%至50%的坚固性。此过滤介质的实例说明用数百或数千层完成聚合物过滤介质。
美国专利申请2004/0261381描述一种用于从气流除去颗粒且尤其使压缩机或真空泵中的气流脱油的包括薄膜的过滤元件。所述薄膜包括至少一层纳米纤维材料,该材料由聚酰胺制成,并且具有50-1000纳米的纤维直径和20-200g/m2的基重。然而,薄膜必须位于多个过滤层之间作为附加过滤元件。
因此,有利有一种由纳米纤维网制成的聚结过滤介质,该过滤介质可有效地从气流除去液体气溶胶、油或水,同时具有低压降、高透气率、低基重和最少过滤层数。
发明概述
在第一实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于从气流除去液体气溶胶、油和/或水的聚结过滤介质,该过滤介质包括连续、基本无聚烯烃的聚合物纳米纤维的至少一个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网,其中各纳米纤维层具有小于约800nm的平均纤维直径,并且具有至少约2.5g/m2的基重。
本发明的第二实施方案涉及一种从气流除去液体气溶胶、油和/或水的方法,所述方法包括,使含液体气溶胶、油和/或水的气流通过聚结过滤介质,该过滤介质包括连续、基本无聚烯烃的聚合物纳米纤维的至少一个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网,其中各纳米纤维层具有小于约800nm的平均纤维直径,且具有至少约2.5g/m2的基重;并且从所述气流除去至少一部分所述液体气溶胶、油和/或水。
定义
术语“聚结过滤介质”或“介质”是指一种材料或一类材料,载有液体或类液体物质(如液体气溶胶、油和/或水)的气体可通过该材料使液体或类液体物质伴随且至少临时沉积在介质内或介质上。应注意到,液体或类液体物质可以为一种物质或两种或多种物质的组合。除了液体或类液体物质外且由于介质的性质,介质也可阻挡固体颗粒物质。
术语“纳米纤维”是指直径小于1,000纳米的纤维。
术语“纳米纤维网”是指由纺丝方法(如静电纺丝或电吹纺(electroblowing))产生的纳米纤维制成的片状非织造材料。纤维网可由一次或多次收集或利用一个或多个纺丝箱体形成的一个或多个纳米纤维层组成。
术语“纳米纤维层”是指在纺丝过程期间只在一次和由单一纺丝箱体形成的一组纤维。实际上,在非织造过程中形成的纳米纤维层将不通过一般方法拉开成为多于一层纳米纤维。
术语“次”是指一种形成纳米纤维层的方法,其中利用一个纺丝箱体从一次纺丝运行形成纳米纤维。术语“多次”是指利用一个纺丝箱体进行多于一次纺丝运行。具体地讲,在第一次后,使形成的纳米纤维层再通过纺丝区域一次或更多次,并且随后的纳米纤维层加到现有的纳米纤维层上。
术语“纺丝箱体”或“喷丝头”是指纺丝装置。每个纺丝箱体或喷丝头可由线形或径向排列的很多纺丝喷嘴组成,以产生纳米纤维层。如果在单一纺丝设备中使用多个纺丝箱体,则单次纺丝将产生多个纳米纤维层。
附图简述
图1为适用于本发明的形成纳米纤维的现有技术电吹纺设备的示意图。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种可用于从压缩空气或气流除去液体气溶胶、油和/或水的聚结过滤介质。该介质可特别用于从压缩机或真空泵中的气流除去油雾。
聚结过滤介质包括至少一个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网。纳米纤维层包括具有小于约800nm直径的基本连续、基本无聚烯烃的有机聚合物纳米纤维的集合体。纳米纤维层可由静电吹纺(在本文中被称为“电吹纺”)形成。通过电吹纺形成纳米纤维的方法公开于PCT专利公布WO03/080905A(相应于2003年11月19日提交的美国序列号10/477,882),此文献通过引用结合到本文中。WO03/080905A公开制造纳米纤维网的设备和方法,设备基本上如图1所示。
所述方法包括,将来自储存槽100的包含聚合物和溶剂的聚合物溶液流送到位于被施加高电压的喷丝板102内的一系列纺丝喷嘴104,使聚合物溶液通过喷嘴104流出。同时,从设置于纺丝喷嘴104侧边或周边内的空气喷嘴106排出任选在空气加热器108内加热的压缩空气。一般将空气作为吹气流向下引导,吹气流包裹并运送新流出的聚合物溶液,并且促进纤维网形成,纤维网收集在真空室114上的接地多孔收集带110上,真空室114具有从鼓风机112入口施加的真空。
纳米纤维的平均纤维直径小于约800nm、甚至约50nm至约500nm、甚至约100nm至约400nm。每个纳米纤维层具有至少约2.5g/m2、甚至约5g/m2至约100g/m2、甚至约10g/m2至约75g/m2的基重。每个纳米纤维层具有约10μm至约600μm、甚至约20μm至约250μm、甚至约30μm至约200μm的厚度。
电吹纺方法允许在单次中形成适用于空气聚结过滤介质的适合基重的纳米纤维层,因为可以比以前已知更高的通过量制造纳米纤维。由于电吹纺方法通过量高,因此可以至少约0.75米/分钟、甚至至少约1.5米/分钟的收集带速度形成至少约2.5g/m2的纳米纤维层。形成纳米纤维的电吹纺方法中聚合物溶液通过量为至少约1立方厘米/分钟/喷丝板孔,有利为至少约2立方厘米/分钟/喷丝板孔。因此,通过使喷丝板构型成沿着喷丝板的长度具有一系列纺丝喷嘴或孔(通常称为纺丝箱体),并且以高流速将聚合物溶液传送通过各喷嘴或孔,可在单次中形成比至今已知更高基重的纳米纤维层。根据聚合物溶液通过量和收集带速度,可在单次中形成具有约2.5g/m2至100g/m2基重的单纳米纤维层。
相比之下,形成适合基重纳米纤维网的常规方法需要收集设备重复多次通过纳米纤维形成过程才能建立甚至1g/m2的基重。通过在单次形成本发明的纳米纤维网,可需要较少处理,从而减少将缺陷引入最终纳米纤维网的可能性。电吹纺方法的较高聚合物溶液通过量比以前已知更经济地制造纳米纤维。
当然,本领域的技术人员应认识到,在某些情形下,可有利调节纺丝条件以沉积多个纳米纤维层,为了建立总纳米纤维网基重,在多次或单次通过多个纺丝箱体,各自为至少约2.5g/m2。可在收集带速度、聚合物溶液通过量且甚至通过改变溶液中聚合物的浓度改变纺丝条件以改变纳米纤维铺层速率和因此单一纳米纤维层基重。
聚结过滤介质的纳米纤维层由有机聚合物纳米纤维制成。这些聚合物纤维由合成聚合物制成,聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚醚酰亚胺、聚丙烯腈、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚苯胺、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚(萘二甲酸乙二酯)、聚(对苯二甲酸丁二酯)、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯基丁烯及其共聚物或衍生物化合物。聚结过滤介质的纳米纤维网应不含聚烯烃,因为聚烯烃倾向于在与油接触时溶胀,这将最终增加压降,并减少通过滤器的气流。
在一个供选的实施方案中,聚结过滤介质可由具有一个或多个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网与多孔载体层(也被称为“稀松布”)组合而成。组合可通过以下方法制备,使纳米纤维网粘合性层压到稀松布,或者通过在上述方法中在收集带110上放置稀松布直接在稀松布上形成纳米纤维层,以形成稀松布/纳米纤维层结构,在此情况下,通过机械缠结使纳米纤维层粘合到稀松布上。稀松布可以为一层或多层非织造纤维网或织造织物。稀松布可有利为单一纺粘非织造纤维网或单一粗梳非织造纤维网。
可将本发明的聚结过滤介质制成任何所需滤器形式,如筒、平盘和罐。在此类结构内,可将介质打褶、辊轧或另外置于载体结构上。本发明的聚结过滤介质可用于实质任何常规结构上,包括椭圆形滤器、筒形滤器、螺旋卷绕滤器结构,并且可用于褶形、Z形滤器或包括介质形成有用形状或轮廓的其他几何构型。有利几何形状包括褶形和圆筒形式样。这些圆筒形式样一般是优选的,因为它们制造较为直接,使用常规滤器制造技术,并且较容易维护。介质打褶增加给定体积内的介质表面积。
聚结过滤介质的过滤效率为至少约99.5%,甚至至少约99.9%,甚至至少约99.999%。
聚结过滤介质的初始压降(也被称为“压降”或“压差”)小于约200mmH2O,甚至小于约100mmH2O。由于液体或类液体物质阻塞滤器,跨滤器的压降在使用期间随时间增加。假定其他变量保持不变,跨滤器的压降越高,滤器寿命越短。在满足跨滤器的选择限制压降时,一般需要决定更换滤器。限制压降根据应用变化。由于对于同等效率的系统而言此压力增大是物质负荷的结果,较长寿命一般直接与较高负荷能力相关。效率是介质俘获物质而不是通过物质的倾向。通常,假定其他变量保持不变,过滤介质从气流除去物质越有效,过滤介质接近“寿命”压差越快。
假定其他变量保持不变,聚结过滤介质的透气率越高,压降越低,因此滤器寿命越长。本发明的聚结过滤介质的Frazier透气率优选有利为至少约1m3/min/m2,甚至约1至约50m3/min/m2。
试验方法
在以上说明和以下非限制实施例中,用以下试验方法确定不同报告性质和性能。ASTM是指American Society for Testing and materials(美国试验与材料协会),而CAGI是指Compressed Air and GasInstitute(压缩空气与气体协会)。
过滤效率为滤器从气流除去颗粒能力的量度,根据CAGI ADF400进行,并以%报告。试验条件包括10mg/m3浓度的30重量油(weightoil)污染物和跨90mm直径扁平油饱和试样0.2m/s迎面速度的空气流。样品效率在21℃温度、45%相对湿度和740mm Hg大气压下测量。数据用MIE DataRam 4 Model DR-40000试验设备(购自Thermo ElectronCorporation)收集。
压降或压差为气流跨油饱和滤器的压力变化的量度,根据CAGIADF 400进行,报告为mm水柱,在本文中也被称为mmH2O。试验条件在过滤效率试验方法下描述。
Frazier透气率为在多孔材料表面之间在规定压差下空气流通过多孔材料的量度,根据ASTM D-737进行,以m3/min/m2报告。其测量在0.5英寸(12.7mm)水的压差空气流通过材料的体积。在真空系统中装孔,以限制通过样品的空气流为可测量量。孔的大小取决于材料的孔隙率。Frazier透气率用具有校准孔的Sherman W.Frazier Co.双压力计测量(单位ft3/min/ft2),并转换成单位m3/min/m2。
纤维直径如下测定。拍摄各纳米纤维层样品在5,000x放大的10个扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像。测量各SEM图像的11根可清楚辨别的纳米纤维的直径,并记录。不包括缺陷(即纳米纤维成团、聚合物滴、纳米纤维交叉)。计算并以纳米(nm)报告各样品的平均纤维直径。
厚度根据ASTM D-1777测定,并以微米(μm)报告。
基重根据ASTM D-3776测定,并以g/m2报告。
实施例
在以下实施例中更详细地描述本发明。用形成本发明纳米纤维网的电吹纺或电吹纺法和设备(如PCT公布WO 2003/080905公开,如其图1所示)制备以下实施例的纳米纤维层和纤维网。
纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网通过电吹纺在99%纯度甲酸(购自Kemira Oyj,Helsinki,Finland)中24%重量的具有1.14g/cc密度的尼龙6,6聚合物(购自E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company,Wilmington,Delaware)的溶液制造。将聚合物和溶剂送入溶液混合槽,将溶液转移到储器,并通过齿轮泵计量注入具有一系列纺丝喷嘴和气体注入喷嘴的电吹纺喷丝头。将喷丝头保持在约13℃至约26℃温度,并且在纺丝喷嘴中溶液的压力在约9bar至约13bar。喷丝板电绝缘,并施加65kV电压。以约4.7m3/min至约6m3/min的速率和240mmH2O至约410mmH2O的压力,将约34℃至约79℃温度的压缩空气通过气体注入喷嘴从喷丝头注入。纤维离开纺丝喷嘴进入大气压、约50%至约72%相对湿度和约13℃至约24℃温度的空气。纤维在喷丝头出口下约300mm至约360mm的距离铺到以约2.0m/min至约14.8m/min速度移动的多孔带上。多孔带下的真空室帮助纤维铺层。
实施例1
制造单纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网。喷丝头处于24℃室温,纺丝喷嘴中溶液的压力为11bar。以约5.5m3/min的速率和320mmH2O的压力,将60℃温度的压缩空气通过气体注入喷嘴从喷丝头注入。形成的纤维在喷丝头出口下330mm铺到以7.38m/min移动的多孔收集带上。带下的真空室帮助纤维铺成组成纳米纤维网的单一纳米纤维层。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1类似制备,不同之处在于多孔收集带的速度增加到14.78m/min。这产生实施例1基重约一半的纳米纤维层。使得到的纳米纤维层置于多孔收集带上,并通过电吹纺过程收集另一个纳米纤维层。重复此过程,直到将5个纳米纤维层收集成实施例2的一个重纳米纤维网。随着每个另外的纳米纤维层加入,真空室的真空增加。
作为选择,用适当减低多孔收集带用一次通过电吹纺过程制备本实施例。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1类似制备,不同之处在于类似于实施例2加入另外的纳米纤维层。总共收集4个纳米纤维层。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
实施例4
用类似于实施例1的方式制备实施例4,但过程条件略有变化,以制得较小平均直径纤维。喷丝头处于13℃室温,纺丝喷嘴中溶液的压力为13bar,以约4.7m3/min的速率和240mmH2O的压力,将34℃温度的压缩空气通过气体注入喷嘴从喷丝头注入。
形成的纤维在喷丝头出口下300mm铺到以5.67m/min移动的多孔收集带上。带下的真空室帮助纤维铺成组成纳米纤维网的单一纳米纤维层。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
实施例5
实施例5类似于实施例4制备,不同之处在于多孔收集带的速度增加到11.30m/min。这制备实施例4基重约一半的纳米纤维层。此外,也可以与实施例2类似的方式加入另外的纳米纤维层。总共收集5个纳米纤维层。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例4类似制备,不同之处在于类似于实施例2加入另外的纳米纤维层。总共收集4个纳米纤维层。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
实施例7
用类似于实施例4的方式制备实施例7,但过程条件略有变化,以便从单次通过单箱体纺丝机制得较高基重的单一纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网。
形成的纤维在喷丝头出口下250mm铺到以2.1m/min移动的多孔收集带上。带下的真空室帮助纤维铺成组成纳米纤维网的单一纳米纤维层。纳米纤维网性能总结于表中。
比较实施例A和B
对于比较实施例A,得到湿铺微玻璃纤维网LydAirMG 1909ASHRAE class 1000,DOP颗粒(0.3μm)过滤效率15%;对于比较实施例B,得到湿铺微玻璃纤维网LydAirMG 1894 ASHRAE class 1000,DOP颗粒(0.3μm)过滤效率50%(两者均购自Lydall Filtration/SeparationInc.,Manchester,Connecticut)。纳米纤维层性能总结于表中。
表
纳米纤维网性能
实施例 | 平均纤维直径(nm) | 基重(g/m2) | 厚度(μm) | Frazier透气率(m3/min/m2) | 压降(mmH2O) | 过滤效率(%) |
1 | 677 | 10.5 | 40 | 17.1 | 15 | 99.997 |
2 | 647 | 29.8 | 97 | 4.0 | 51 | 99.987 |
3 | 726 | 46.5 | 156 | 3.9 | 56 | 99.988 |
4 | 414 | 10.4 | 39 | 7.8 | 30 | 99.998 |
5 | 444 | 28.5 | 85 | 3.1 | 74 | 99.999 |
6 | 414 | 47.5 | 162 | 1.6 | 99 | 99.999 |
7 | 463 | 33.1 | 100 | 1.7 | 84 | 99.999 |
A | 64.4 | 384 | 41.4 | 30 | 92.600 | |
B | 69.5 | 396 | 12.3 | 66 | 96.630 |
与比较实施例A和B相比,实施例1-7显示改善的过滤效率、减小的基重和厚度,同时保持可比Frazier透气率和压降。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于从气流除去液体气溶胶、油和/或水的聚结过滤介质,所述过滤介质由连续、基本无聚烯烃的聚合物纳米纤维的至少一个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网组成,其中各纳米纤维层具有小于800nm的平均纤维直径,并且具有5g/m2至100g/m2的基重。
2.权利要求1的聚结过滤介质,其中各纳米纤维层具有50nm至500nm的平均纤维直径。
3.权利要求1的聚结过滤介质,其中各纳米纤维层具有10μm至600μm的厚度。
4.权利要求1的聚结过滤介质,其中所述纳米纤维网具有至少1m3/min/m2的Frazier透气率。
5.权利要求1的聚结过滤介质,其中由试验方法CAGI ADF 400测定并利用10mg/m3浓度的30重量油污染物和跨90mm直径扁平油饱和试样0.2m/s迎面速度的空气流,所述纳米纤维网具有至少99.5%的过滤效率。
6.权利要求5的聚结过滤介质,其中所述纳米纤维网具有至少99.9%的过滤效率。
7.权利要求6的聚结过滤介质,其中所述纳米纤维网具有至少99.999%的过滤效率。
8.权利要求1的聚结过滤介质,其中所述纳米纤维网具有小于200mmH2O的压降。
9.权利要求1的聚结过滤介质,其中所述聚合物纳米纤维由合成聚合物制成,所述聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚醚酰亚胺、聚丙烯腈、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚苯胺、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚(萘二甲酸乙二酯)、聚(对苯二甲酸丁二酯)、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯基丁烯及其共聚物或衍生物化合物。
10.权利要求9的聚结过滤介质,其中所述合成聚合物为聚酰胺。
11.一种从气流除去液体气溶胶、油和/或水的方法,所述方法包括使含液体气溶胶、油和/或水的气流通过聚结过滤介质,所述过滤介质由连续、基本无聚烯烃的聚合物纳米纤维的至少一个纳米纤维层的纳米纤维网组成,其中各纳米纤维层具有小于800nm的平均纤维直径,且具有5g/m2至100g/m2的基重;并且从所述气流除去至少一部分所述液体气溶胶、油和/或水。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中各纳米纤维层具有50nm至500nm的平均纤维直径。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中各纳米纤维层具有10μm至600μm的厚度。
14.权利要求11的方法,其中所述纳米纤维网具有至少1m3/min/m2的Frazier透气率。
15.权利要求11的方法,其中由试验方法CAGI ADF 400测定并利用10mg/m3浓度的30重量油污染物和跨90mm直径扁平油饱和试样0.2m/s迎面速度的空气流,所述纳米纤维网具有至少99.5%的过滤效率。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中所述纳米纤维网具有至少99.9%的过滤效率。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中所述纳米纤维网具有至少99.999%的过滤效率。
18.权利要求11的方法,其中所述纳米纤维网具有小于200mmH2O的压降。
19.权利要求11的方法,其中所述聚合物纳米纤维由合成聚合物制成,所述聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚醚酰亚胺、聚丙烯腈、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚苯胺、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚(萘二甲酸乙二酯)、聚(对苯二甲酸丁二酯)、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯基丁烯及其共聚物或衍生物化合物。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述合成聚合物为聚酰胺。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US11/241,598 US20070074628A1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | Coalescing filtration medium and process |
US11/241,598 | 2005-09-30 | ||
PCT/US2006/038095 WO2007041310A2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-29 | Coalescing filtration medium and process |
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CN101272841A CN101272841A (zh) | 2008-09-24 |
CN101272841B true CN101272841B (zh) | 2012-03-07 |
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CN2006800353628A Active CN101272841B (zh) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-29 | 聚结过滤介质及方法 |
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US (1) | US20070074628A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1954373B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4785928B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101428818B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101272841B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0617575A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602006021461D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007041310A2 (zh) |
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JP4785928B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
KR20080060264A (ko) | 2008-07-01 |
JP2009509753A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
EP1954373A2 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
BRPI0617575A2 (pt) | 2011-07-26 |
US20070074628A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
CN101272841A (zh) | 2008-09-24 |
KR101428818B1 (ko) | 2014-08-12 |
EP1954373B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
WO2007041310A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
DE602006021461D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
WO2007041310A3 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
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