CN101268266B - Control system and control method of gas turbine - Google Patents
Control system and control method of gas turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101268266B CN101268266B CN2006800342267A CN200680034226A CN101268266B CN 101268266 B CN101268266 B CN 101268266B CN 2006800342267 A CN2006800342267 A CN 2006800342267A CN 200680034226 A CN200680034226 A CN 200680034226A CN 101268266 B CN101268266 B CN 101268266B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/32—Control of fuel supply characterised by throttling of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/40—Control of fuel supply specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/46—Emergency fuel control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/05—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
Abstract
A gas turbine control system which can suppress an increase in rotating speed. of a gas turbine easily upon occurrence of abrupt drop in gas turbine load even if its power generation facility is employing low calorie gas as fuel. The gas turbine control system comprises a fuel flow rate control valve (9) arranged in a passage (3) for supplying fuel gas to the gas turbine (2) in order to regulate the flow rate of fuel gas, a heat reduction gas supply unit (5) for supplying heat reduction gas to the fuel gas supply passage (3), and a system controller (10). In order to decrease the quantity of heat input to the gas turbine (2) when an abrupt drop in load on the gas turbine (2) is detected, the system controller (10) controls heat reduction gas supply operation by the heat reduction gas supply unit (5) in addition to controlling the opening of the fuel flow rate control valve (9).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control system and the controlling method of gas turbine.In more detail, relate in gas turbine power generating plant, when the situation of the rapid decline of load disconnection even load for example takes place, in order to prevent that gas turbine from surpassing the rotating speed of regulation, gas turbine control system and the gas turbine control method that can control rapidly the heat that enters gas turbine.
Background technique
In system iron field, for example adopt blast furnace method to produce under the situation of the pig iron, from blast furnace, produce the bi-product gas top gas (be blast furnace gas (Blast Furnace Gas), be designated hereinafter simply as BFG) of lower calorific value.In recent years, in gas turbine, because the raising of technology, the bi-product gas of as this BFG lower calorific value of can burning, the example that generates electricity used as the fuel of gas turbine constantly increases.On the other hand, except blast furnace process, also worked out new ironmaking process such as DRI method and melting and reducing iron processes, also produced bi-product gas from such new process.No matter be any ironmaking process, the bi-product gas of generation all is so-called lower calorific value gas, and the characteristic of the gas that is produced (gas composition and heating value) is different with content of operation because of equipment.Even same equipment also corresponding to each Material Characteristics and course of reaction, at every moment changes, and is not certain.The combustion manner that can be adapted to effective use of such bi-product gas remains to be developed.
Be not only the gas turbine power generating plant that the lower calorific value bi-product gas (hereinafter referred to as low-calorie gas) with the change of such heating value acts as a fuel, in the gas turbine power generating plant of the fuel that use rock gas etc. are common, when the state of affairs generation that load disconnection even load sharply descends such, also be necessary to control to suppress overrun (the excessive rising of rotating speed) of gas turbine, under situation about not tripping, keep necessary minimum output simultaneously.For example at gas turbine during with rated load operation, when transmission system or gas turbine power generating plant caused for a certain reason and disconnect with load, in moment, gas turbine was absorbed in the state of overrunning.In a single day control gear detects this situation, just reduces the aperture of the flow control valve of fuel supply system rapidly, suppresses overrunning of gas turbine.The detection that load disconnects is carried out according to the output signal of generator and the inputs such as tach signal of gas turbine.
And the aperture that reduces flow control valve should be flame-out to avoid burner, simultaneously under no-load condition with till keeping the degree that the required minimum discharge of the needed minimum fuel of rated speed obtains guaranteeing.The control of the aperture of this flow control valve is to carry out under the situation that running state amounts such as the inlet pressure of the exhaust gas temperature of the output of the rotating speed of for example gas turbine, generator, gas turbine, air compressor and outlet pressure are monitored.This control when load is disconnected is disclosed in Japanese patent laid-open 8-165934 communique, the spy opens the 2002-138856 communique and the spy opens the 2002-227610 communique.
Again,, also can use the means of when load sharply reduces, the inlet guide vane of gas turbine being opened simultaneously, driven compressor power be increased,, suppress overrunning of gas turbine to increase the braking effect of running shaft with this according to the difference of the type of gas turbine.
But with the gas turbine power generating plant that above-mentioned low-calorie gas acts as a fuel and uses, it not is easy moving control when this load sharply reduces.Because fuel gas is low-calorie gas, therefore in large supply to gas turbine use bigbore fuel gas supply pipe arrangement.Therefore consequently, the bore of flow control valve is also big, and it is also big to open and close stroke, and throttle down needs the long period.Thereby the generation that is difficult to disconnect with load makes the heat that enters gas turbine sharply reduce simultaneously, can not expect that overrunning of gas turbine can be effectively suppressed.
And as mentioned above, all earthquakes at every moment of its heating value of low-calorie gas, if therefore make the ride gain of flow control valve improve (raising response characteristic), then responsive to the external disturbance reaction of heating value change, flow control valve may produce vibration.For fear of such state of affairs, ride gain is set the responsiveness that makes flow control valve reduce.This thing further hinders closing rapidly of flow control valve, is to be difficult to make the rapid main cause that reduces of the heat that enters gas turbine.
Again, be in the gas turbine power generating plant of fuel with low-calorie gas, the fuel compressor that low-calorie gas is compressed usefulness is set on the fuel gas supply path.This fuel compressor often is connected with gas turbine is coaxial.In this case, the rotary inertia of the whole solid of rotation of the generator row of formation gas turbine, fuel compressor and generator is big.And owing to disconnect the state of overrunning that is absorbed in along with load, even therefore disconnect simultaneously with load, begin to close flow rate regulating valve, can not expect and to brake rapidly, be difficult to suppress to comprise the rising of rotating speed of the generator row of gas turbine towards the fuel supply line of gas turbine.
With in the gas turbine power generating plant, obligatedly utilize load to cut off test to confirm taking place under the situation that load disconnects arrangements for speed regulation 110% of the rated speed when making gas turbine be no more than load operation that can work in enterprise.After the function of arrangements for speed regulation obtained confirming, the operation of equipment just can obtain permission then.Therefore being in the gas turbine power generating plant of fuel, make it be no more than predetermined range, descending various time on the machine construction and on controlling in order when load disconnects, to suppress overrunning of gas turbine with the high and stable rock gas of heating value etc.The low-calorie gas that can't effectively suppress these time constantly to change with heating value is the generation of the overrun situation of gas turbine power generating plant when load disconnects of fuel.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to solve such problem, when its purpose is to be provided at the situation that generation load disconnection even load sharply reduces in the gas turbine power generating plant, even this equipment is fuel with low-calorie gas, also can easily suppress the gas turbine control system that the rotating speed of gas turbine rises, the controlling method of the gas turbine that also is to provide such.
The control system of gas turbine of the present invention, it is the load that the suppresses gas turbine gas turbine control system that the rotating speed of gas turbine rises when sharply reducing, it is characterized in that, possessing to be disposed at provides on the fuel gas supply path of fuel gas gas turbine, the fuel flow control valve that the flow of fuel metering gas is used, be used for providing the reduction of heat amount gas supply device of reduction of heat amount with gas to the gas turbine supply passage, and system controller, when this system controller is formed on the load that detects gas turbine and sharply reduces, for the heat that enters gas turbine is reduced, except the aperture of control fuel flow control valve, can also control and utilize the reduction of heat amount to provide the structure of reduction of heat amount with the action of gas with gas supply device.
Like this, the heat that enters gas turbine is reduced, except the aperture of heat flow control valve is controlled, also provide to make fuel reduce the gas that heating value is used, also can suppress the rising of gas turbine rotary speed effectively even therefore use low-calorie gas to act as a fuel.
The said system control gear is formed on the load rapid (for example stepped) of operating gas turbine when dropping to specified value, fuel flow control valve is closed the minimum aperture that is not less than predetermined necessity, while can be controlled and make the reduction of heat amount provide necessary reduction of heat amount gas with gas supply device, so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than the structure of specified value.
Like this,, can guarantee to prevent the gas turbine needed minimum fuel flow that trips, the heat of input is reduced, suppress the rising of gas turbine rotary speed, make it be no more than the rotating speed of regulation by in fuel, adding the gas that the reduction of heat amount is used.
The said system control gear as feedback input signal, carries out feedback control with the reduction of heat amount that gas supply device provides with the delivery volume of gas to the reduction of heat amount, so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than specified value with the rotating speed of detected gas turbine.
In the said system control gear, the load of operating gas turbine sharply is reduced to the item modularization of the process of specified value, and the reduction of heat amount that storage is carried out according to this module is supplied with the analog result of the aperture control of control and fuel flow control valve with gas
When the load that described system controller forms the gas turbine that can be in operation drops sharply to specified value, the structure that the control mode of selecting to reset according to described analog result is carried out.
The control system of described gas turbine, also possess and be used for the hydrogen gas supplying apparatus of hydrogen being provided and being used to detect the hydrogen concentration detection means that the hydrogen concentration of fuel gas is used to the fuel gas supply path, described system controller forms the structure that can supply with action according to the hydrogen of the testing result control hydrogen gas supplying apparatus of hydrogen concentration.
Even the input heat of gas turbine is sharply reduced, by velocity of combustion is fast, the good hydrogen quantity on demand of igniting flame protection offers fuel gas, also can avoid gas turbine flame-out, keeps the burner burn steadily.And the purity of the hydrogen that provided is not particularly limited, but even the high more then a spot of hydrogen of purity also can have good flame protection.
The controlling method of gas turbine of the present invention, it is the controlling method of the load that the suppresses gas turbine gas turbine of the rotating speed rising usefulness of gas turbine when sharply reducing, when being included in the load that detects gas turbine and sharply reducing, control is disposed at the aperture that gas turbine is provided the fuel flow control valve on the fuel gas supply path of fuel gas, regulate operation and provide the operation of reduction of heat amount with the fuel flow rate of the flow of fuel metering gas, carry out these operations enter gas turbine with minimizing heat with gas to the fuel gas supply path.
The load of the gas turbine that is in operation sharply descends (for example being approximately stair-stepping decline) when the specified value, regulate in the operation at described fuel flow rate, fuel flow control valve is closed the minimum aperture that is not less than predetermined necessity, so that fuel flow rate reduces, supply with in the operation with gas in described reduction of heat amount simultaneously, the reduction of heat amount of necessity is offered the fuel gas supply path with gas, so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than specified value.
The minimum aperture of above-mentioned necessity is to guarantee to keep the valve opening that the needed fuel flow rate of gas turbine burn steadily is used.
If employing the present invention, in when, load then taking place in gas turbine power generating plant disconnecting the situation that even load sharply descends, can be rapidly and suppress the rising of the rotating speed of gas turbine effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system diagram of an example of gas turbine power generating plant of an example of the summary control system of representing to comprise gas turbine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is the plotted curve of the load variations of the load of expression gas turbine when cutting off, Fig. 2 (b) is the plotted curve of the variation of the expression aperture of cutting off the fuel flow control valve control corresponding to load, Fig. 2 (c) is the plotted curve that the aperture of the above-mentioned fuel flow control valve of expression changes the variation of the gas turbine input heat that causes, Fig. 2 (d) is that the aperture of the above-mentioned fuel flow control valve of expression changes and the plotted curve of the variation of the gas turbine input heat that the reduction of heat amount causes with providing of gas, and Fig. 2 (e) represents that such gas turbine imports the plotted curve of the rotation speed change of the gas turbine that the variation of heat causes.
Fig. 3 is the system diagram of another example of a summary embodiment's representing to comprise gas turbine control system of the present invention gas turbine power generating plant.
Embodiment
Example to gas turbine control system of the present invention and gas turbine control method describes with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is the system diagram of gas turbine power generating plant 1 of an example of the general expression control system that comprises gas turbine of the present invention.This gas turbine power generating plant 1 (hereinafter to be referred as power generating equipment 1), as an example, possess the continuous lower calorific value that changes of heating value that gases such as DRI equipment generation source S is taken place and bear the fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 that gas product (low-calorie gas) acts as a fuel and offers gas turbine 2, low-calorie gas is compressed the fuel compressor 4 of usefulness, the reduction of heat amount is offered the reduction of heat amount gas supply device 5 of fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 usefulness with gas, hydrogen is offered the hydrogen gas supplying apparatus 6 of fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 usefulness, and the reduction of heat amount that provided mixed the mixer 7 of usefulness respectively with gas and hydrogen with lower calorific value gas.Mixer 7 also can be set to the reduction of heat amount respectively and mix the mixer of usefulness and the mixer of hydrogen with gas.Can on fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3, be provided for suppressing the devices such as buffer container of the heating value change of low-calorie gas again as required.
In this power generating equipment 1, the supply source 15,19 that the high reduction of heat amount of low-calorie gas pressure that provides for fuel gas is used gas and hydrogen is provided in setting, so the reduction of heat amount is arranged at the downstream side of the fuel compressor 4 on the fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 with gas supply device 5, hydrogen gas supplying apparatus 6 and mixer 7.Fuel compressor 4 also can form and 2 coaxial connections of gas turbine, the structure of utilizing gas turbine 2 to drive, again can with gas turbine 2 configured separate, form and utilize the electric motor driven structure that is provided with separately.
And the common operation of this gas turbine power generating plant 1 is arranged on load certainly and cuts off and to be used for system controller 10 that the action of gas turbine is controlled when situation that even load sharply reduces takes place.The upstream side of the gas turbine burner 8 on fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 is provided with fuel flow control valve (hereinafter to be referred as control valve) 9.What symbol 11 was represented is air compressor, and what symbol 12 was represented is generator.The upstream side of the mixer on fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 37 is provided with the hydrogen concentration meter 13 of measuring the hydrogen concentration in the fuel gas and the fuel flow meter 14 of measuring the flow of low-calorie gas again.Hydrogen purity is high more, even good igniting flame protection also can be arranged on a small quantity, but actually, the hydrogen that is provided needs not to be pure hydrogen.Also have, above-mentioned low-calorie gas is defined as its heating value here and is about 12MJ/Nm
3Following gas.
Above-mentioned reduction of heat amount is in order to make the rapid decline of the heat that enters gas turbine 2 and mix the equipment that the reduction of heat amount is used with gas when gas turbine power generating plant 1 generation load disconnects the situation of the rapid decline of even load in low-calorie gas with gas supply device 5.This reduction of heat amount with gas feeding apparatus 5 have the reduction of heat amount is connected to mixer with gas supply source 15, from this reduction of heat amount gas supply source 15 reduction of heat amount with gas supply pipe 16, be arranged at the reduction of heat amount with the reduction of heat amount on the gas supply pipe 16 with gas flowmeter 17 and flow control valve 18.At the reduction of heat amount in the stage that enters mixer 7 pressure height, can provide needed amount rapidly with the pressure ratio low-calorie gas of gas.For this purpose, also increasing apparatus or pressure accumulation container etc. can be set as required.The control of the reduction of heat amount of gas with gas supply device 5 of reduction of heat amount is provided when load reduces rapidly, is that above-mentioned fuel flow control valve 9 is controlled to closing the valve direction, utilizes system controller 10 to carry out simultaneously.To narrate below about this point.
As reduction of heat amount gas, can use inactive gas such as discarded nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide, air, gas of combustion etc.Air can be drawn the use of remaining untouched from inexhaustible atmosphere, and gas of combustion also has generation in above-mentioned gas turbine 2, therefore also can for example it be reclaimed and use, and these methods all are the extremely low methods of running cost.After using air or gas of combustion to contain like that under the situation of gas of oxygen this reduction of heat amount is mixed in low-calorie gas with gas, control while monitor oxygen concentration, make this mixed gas (fuel gas) not enter flammability limit.
Discarded nitrogen comprises a large amount of N
2, on the other hand, do not comprise inflammable gas.Discarded nitrogen takes place as makers' by-product of the oxygen that uses in each system ironworker preface, is that trace comprises the nitrogen of the oxygen of discharge in the nitrogen that discharges and the nitrogen made with oxyen manutactory and the system nitrogen factory that establishes.No matter any nitrogen all is discharged in the atmosphere as discarded nitrogen usually.Discarded nitrogen like this comprises the nitrogen about 95%～98%, and contains the oxygen about 2～5%, from the consideration of the flammability limit of low-calorie gas, also is the safe fuel gas that subtracts.If the nitrogen recycling that these are discarded is in a large number used with gas as the reduction of heat amount, can greatly reduce running cost.
Again, if the gas lower than fuel gas heating value, then can be used as the reduction of heat amount uses with gas, therefore under the situation of the gas use that for example coke furnace gas (COG) and converter gas (LDG) acted as a fuel, also can with than they more the blast furnace gas of lower calorific value (BFG) use with gas as the reduction of heat amount.But, use the extremely low discarded nitrogen of above-mentioned combustible component containing ratio etc., reduction of heat dose-effect fruit is far better, and is therefore desirable more.Except gas described above, also can adopt water vapour as reduction of heat gas again.
This power generating equipment 1 is when moving usually, system controller 10 for example the output value, the rotating speed of gas turbine 2, the gateway pressure of air compressor 11, the exhaust gas temperature of gas turbine 2 etc. of generator 12 as input signal, the aperture of control fuel flow control valve 9 is so that enter gas turbine corresponding to the heat of this change.
Again, the low-calorie gas that acts as a fuel is its heating value earthquake always as mentioned above.In order also can to keep the stable input heat to gas turbine with respect to this heating value change, system controller 10 sometimes utilizes suitable feedforward control or feedback control that the aperture of fuel flow control valve 9 is controlled.But, in the time of corresponding to the change of heating change of value and generator output fuel flow control valve 9 being opened and closed, might cause the vibration of fuel flow control valve 9 along with the heating value change of a little, therefore can not strengthen ride gain.That is to say, under the situation of using low-calorie, can not improve the responsiveness of fuel flow control valve 9, set its ride gain little usually.And owing to provide fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 calibers of low-calorie gas big, so the flow control valve 9 that acts as a fuel also has to use large diameter control valve.
Because such reason, under situations such as load disconnection, even, also do not wish to have the action of rapid switching fuel flow control valve 9 thinking that moment makes under the situation that the input heat of gas turbine reduces.Therefore in this power generating equipment 1, system controller also by mix reduction of heat amount gas in fuel gas, is controlled the heat of gas turbine 2 inputs effectively except the on-off action of control fuel flow control valve 9.
For the heat that makes the gas turbine input reduces, under situation about as prior art, only tackling, must set valve opening very little with the way of dwindling fuel flow control valve 9 again.In this case, because back-fire situations such as (backfire) might take place in burner the fuel flow rate deficiency, it is unstable that burning may become.And, in this power generating equipment, as mentioned above, also utilize the reduction of heat amount to import the control of heat, so can be set at the needed aperture of guaranteeing necessary minimum discharge of smooth combustion by fuel flow control valve 9 with gas.Like this, by means of dwindling fuel flow control valve 9 and mixing the effect of reduction of heat amount with gas, can not make gas turbine tripping operation ground, the stable and heat input that promptly makes gas turbine from the rated load operation state transitions to specified running light state.
Follow the reduction of heat amount with the providing of gas, fuel flow control valve 9 is implemented closing motions, but stops the valve closing motion in the moment of the minimum aperture that reaches above-mentioned needs.If also need to reduce the heat of input in this case, then can continue to provide reduction of heat amount gas in the scope that is not less than flame-out boundary.
The variation of the gas turbine rotary speed that the control of the fuel flow control valve 9 when below with reference to Fig. 2 the load of this power generating equipment 1 of above explanation being disconnected, reduction of heat amount cause with the control of gas supply device 5 and owing to these controls describes.
When load disconnects, gas turbine moment from the load off-the-line, but up to now can't be in instantaneous reduction for the input heat that provides of operation is provided, unnecessary input heat produces accelerating torque and makes gas turbine quicken rotating speed to increase.Even the heat of input is reduced so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than the maximum (top) speed Rmax of operation.
The load variations of the gas turbine 2 when Fig. 2 (a) expression load disconnects.Transverse axis express time, the longitudinal axis are represented gas turbine load (%), carry out the operation of 100% rated load before load is cut off, and load is 0% after cutting off.
The aperture of the fuel flow control valve 9 of Fig. 2 (b) expression gas turbine 2 when load is cut off changes.Transverse axis and the corresponding express time of above-mentioned Fig. 2 (a).The longitudinal axis is represented the aperture (%) of control valve, but also can regard as identical with fuel flow rate.It is with specified aperture (100%) ODrat. of control valve 9, just as described below before load disconnects so that the specified input heat HIrat. (Fig. 2 (c)) of this gas turbine 2 becomes possible fuel flow rate (specified fuel flow rate) Qrat. operation.After load disconnects control valve 9 is closed to minimum aperture (the be called necessary minimum aperture) ODmin. of fuel flow rate for the minimum discharge (Qmin.) of necessity of the non-loaded rated speed that can keep gas turbine.Necessary minimum discharge Qmin. is the flow velocity for the fuel gas of guaranteeing the impossible scope of so-called back-fire in the burner 8, and guarantees can not to reach the minimum heat HImin. of necessity of following flame-out boundary and the flow fuel set.
The curve B 1 of some locking wires among Fig. 2 (b) is that the input heat of gas turbine is reduced so that gas turbine rotary speed is no more than the needed valve curve that closes of maximum value Rmax. (Fig. 2 (e)) of operation when being the load disconnection, is that fuel flow rate reduces curve.Be referred to as ideal curve B1.On the other hand, the curve B 2 represented of solid line be this example control valve 9 reality close the valve curve.As mentioned above, this represents because the bore of control valve 9 is big, and because ride gain is set for a short time, can not fast quick closing valve.
The situation of change of the heat of the gas turbine time per unit input when Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) expression load disconnect.Only because the input heat that valve events causes that closes of control valve reduces, Fig. 2 (d) expression is owing to the input heat minimizing that valve events and reduction of heat amount cause with providing of gas of closing of control valve 9 for Fig. 2 (c) expression.Transverse axis is corresponding with above-mentioned Fig. 2 (b), express time.The longitudinal axis is represented the heat of time per unit input gas turbine.Before load disconnects,, disconnect the input heat operation of back with the scope of low flame-out boundary to gas turbine in load with the specified input heat HIrat. operation of setting at this gas turbine 2.
The curve C 1 that some locking wires among Fig. 2 (c) are represented, expression desirable is closed valve curve B 1 (Fig. 2 (b)) when closing valve, the situation that the heat of input gas turbine reduces along above-mentioned.This is to be to make gas turbine rotary speed be no more than the minimizing curve of the needed gas turbine input of maximum value Rmax. (Fig. 2 (the e)) heat of operation when load disconnects.Be referred to as ideal curve C1.On the other hand, the curve C 2 represented of solid line is to follow the minimizing curve of input heat of the reality of closing valve of control valve 9 that can not fast quick closing valve.
The content that the minimizing curve C 2 of the input heat of the reality among 2 expressions of curve D that some locking wires among Fig. 2 (d) are represented and above-mentioned Fig. 2 (c) is identical, so omit its explanation.On the other hand, the curve D 1 that solid line is represented, the valve curve B 2 of closing that is the reality of expression in Fig. 2 (b) is closed control valve 9, provide reduction of heat amount gas with gas supply device 5 to fuel gas from the reduction of heat amount simultaneously, make curve under the situation that the input heat of gas turbine 2 sharply reduces with this.This is the curve of an example of the control of this example of expression.
From curve D 1 as can be seen, compare with the curve D 2 that input heat that valve causes descends of closing of only utilizing control valve 9, except rate of descent is big, the minimum of input heat also lower (dashing down) from the d1. point to d2..This is for consistent with the desirable input heat recession curve C1 among Fig. 2 (c) and set under the situation that the reduction of heat amount gains with the supply of gas and produce.This time dashed the effect that suppresses the gas turbine rotary speed rising is improved.Certainly in this case, minimum input heat (flame-out boundary) HImin. for preventing these gas turbine 2 flame-out necessity of setting is descended.According to the above input heat of the hachure that surrounds of curve C 1 and curve C 2 decline that partly to be the reduction of heat amount cause with providing of gas as can be known.
The variation of the gas turbine rotary speed under the input heat control shown in Fig. 2 (e) presentation graphs 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d).Transverse axis and above-mentioned Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) express the time accordingly.The longitudinal axis is represented gas turbine rotary speed, and the rated speed Rrat. when representing with rated load operation with percentage is the ratio of 100% rotating speed.
Curve E2 among the figure represents that the rotating speed that load disconnects the back gas turbine is not effectively suppressed, and surpasses the situation of maximum permissible speed (rated speed 110%) Rmax..As illustrated with reference to the curve B 2 of Fig. 2 (b), this betides the reasons such as setting owing to bore and gain, control valve 9 can not be closed rapidly, thereby under the situation that the input heat of gas turbine can not suitably reduce (curve D 2 of the curve C 2 of Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 3 (d)).On the other hand, curve E1 represents to make the heat that enters gas turbine 2 descend the situation that the rising of rotating speed is suitably suppressed rapidly along curve D 1 by the supply of the reduction of heat amount shown in Fig. 2 (d) with gas is combined in wherein.In this case, gas turbine rotary speed is no more than maximum permission rotating speed Rmax..
More than shown in Fig. 2 (a)～Fig. 2 (e), because load disconnects, A1 o'clock of in the load image pattern 2 (a) of gas turbine 2 100% to 0% A2 point like that during stepped reducing, the system controller 10 of this example is for the rising of the rotating speed that suppresses gas turbine 2, control valve 9 is closed to needed minimum aperture ODmin. (curve B 2 of Fig. 2 (b)), provides reduction of heat amount gas with gas supply device 5 to fuel gas from the reduction of heat amount simultaneously.So, the input heat of gas turbine 2 sharply reduces (curve D 1 of Fig. 2 (d)).Consequently, the off-the-line rotating speed begins the gas turbine that sharply rises because the input heat reduces the resultant braking effect that causes from the load, the situation that surpasses the maximum (top) speed Rmax. that allows is prevented, and is decelerated near rated speed Rrat. (the curve E1 of Fig. 2 (e)).
The detection means that the load that detects gas turbines 2 for system controller 10 sharply descends usefulness can adopt the uneven method that detects of for example always known power termination.Certainly be not limited to such method.If possible, also can be from the tach signal of gas turbine, the delivery pressure signal of fuel compressor, the situation that the next detection loads such as shutoff signal of load cut-off device sharply reduce.
And, detecting load when sharply reducing the closing motion of back system controller 10 pairs of control valves 9 and reduction of heat amount and controlling with the action of gas supply device 5, can be desired value with rated speed Rrad., actual gas turbine rotary speed is fed back to control.But also can be with other running state of gas turbine amount feedbacks to control.The valve control of closing that situation modularization reduction of heat amount after can beginning the rated load operation with gas turbine again sharply to reduce to load is supplied with control and control valve with gas is simulated.The aperture of the control valve in the time of will sharply reducing from the load that this analog result obtains and be pre-set in control gear 10 with the relevant data of the delivery volume of gas and service time etc. corresponding to the reduction of heat amount of this aperture.Can select to preset data when situation that load sharply reduces takes place reality like this implements.The practical operation real data that obtains in service (data when comprising the load disconnection) part or all with analog data can be replaced again.That is to say, also can utilize the data that preset of actual operating data correction analog result to be used.
Like this, in system controller 10, be equipped with the executive routine of storage above-mentioned control needed calculation process and preset data, with the RAM of temporary transient storage such as operating data and numerical value with carry out the CPU of calculation process according to said procedure.
The situation that load disconnects takes place, and when the operating mode of control gear 10 became the load lockout mode, 10 pairs of reduction of heat amounts of system controller were with the necessary supply flow of gas supply device indication reduction of heat amount gas and service time etc.Necessary supply flow and service time are stored as presetting data.At this moment, also the measurement result of reduction of heat amount gas flowmeter 17 can be controlled the on-off action of flow control valve 18 as feedback signal, making supply flow is the target supply flow.If considering to provide the reduction of heat amount of established amount gas at short notice, then also can reduce the reduction of heat amount with the bore of gas supply pipe 16 and flow control valve 18 number that is provided with that quantity and valve are set of the pipe of increasing supply.
Below fuel gas feeding device 6 is described.Hydrogen is because velocity of combustion fast ignition flame protection can be good, even also can make contributions to stable burning under the situation when gas turbine input heat reduces significantly.Therefore, for by in fuel gas, mixing hydrogen, hydrogen gas supplying apparatus 6 is set with the flame in the burner 8 that keeps gas turbine 2.Therefore to reduce the gas turbine that causes flame-out be useful to this hydrogen gas supplying apparatus 6 input heat when preventing that load from sharply reducing.Hydrogen flowmeter 21 and flow control valve 22 that hydrogen gas supplying apparatus 6 possesses hydrogen supply source 19, is connected to the hydrogen supplying pipe 20 of mixer 7 and is arranged at hydrogen supplying pipe 20 from this hydrogen supply source 19.Adopting at hydrogen is not under the situation of high-purity hydrogen of pure hydrogen, and hydrogen concentration meter (not shown) is set on hydrogen supplying pipe 20.
10 pairs of gas turbine loads of Hydrogen Controlling Device offer the heating value of the fuel gas of gas turbine 2 and control when promptly reducing, and as described below when flow is sharply reduced hydrogen supply are controlled.That is to say, the testing result of the hydrogen concentration meter 13 of based on fuel gas supplying tubing 3, calculating calculates the delivery volume of necessary hydrogen to lower calorific value gas mixing reduction of heat amount with the flow of the ratio based on fuel flowmeter 14 detected fuel gas of gas etc., so that for keeping flame to keep the containing ratio of necessity of the hydrogen in the fuel gas of predetermined burner 8.And hydrogen flowmeter 21 monitored simultaneously the on-off action of flow control valve 22 is controlled.The hydrogen utilization mixer 7 that is provided mixes with lower calorific value gas.
Fig. 3 represents another gas turbine power generating plant 31.In this power generating equipment 31, the lower reduction of heat amount of pressure ratio gas supply source 15 and hydrogen supply source 19 are set, so the reduction of heat amount is arranged at the upstream side of the fuel compressor 4 of fuel gas supply pipe arrangement 3 with gas supply device 5, hydrogen gas supplying apparatus 6 and mixer 7.Other structures are identical with power generating equipment 1 shown in Figure 1, therefore be marked with same-sign and omit its explanation on identical component part.In this gas turbine power generating plant 31, its system controller 10 also when load sharply reduces with the power generating equipment 1 the same control of above-mentioned Fig. 1.
More than employed lower calorific value gas is example with the bi-product gas that direct reduction system iron processes takes place in Shuo Ming the example, but is not limited to this.As lower calorific value gas, comprise blast furnace gas (BFG), converter gas (LDG), the coal seam gas that comprises in the coal seam (Coal mine gas is called for short CMG), the bi-product gas that melting and reducing system iron processes takes place, the tail gas (Tail Gas) that takes place in GTL (liquid gas) technology, from the technology of oil-sand refined oil, follow the bi-product gas of generation, the gas that the rubbish thermolysis takes place, the general waste that comprises living rubbish ferments at it with burying, the flammable methane gas (Landfillgas) that takes place in the decomposition process, and follow lower calorific value gases such as bi-product gas that other similar raw material generation chemical reactions take place etc.Much less, comprise above-mentioned gas separately, but also comprise the mixed gas of can be multiple different gas.And be not limited to low-calorie gas, also can be used in the equipment that fuel that the gas of heating value change is used as gas turbine provides.
Because the characteristic, particularly heating value of fuel gas change under the significant situation, the heating value variation suppressing of employing baffle-box that change suppresses to heating value and control gear etc. also can be set, the control effect when disconnecting with the raising load.
Above Shuo Ming gas turbine control system, the fuel gas of using with gas turbine are that the situation of low-calorie gas is an example, but are not limited to this, can be fuel with high calorie gas also.Being under the situation of fuel, when sharply reducing, the gas turbine load also utilizes the input heat of fuel flow control valve control gas turbine usually easily with high calorie gas.This is because under the situation of contour calorie of gas of the mixed gas that uses hydrocarbon, COG, COG and other bi-product gas such as rock gas, propane, butane, and the pipe arrangement in the time of can making the relative aperture use low-calorie gas of fuel gas pipe arrangement and fuel flow control valve and the bore of control valve are little.Consequently, closing the Valve travel weak point can respond rapidly.If comprise that the gas proterties of heating value is stable, ride gain that will fuel flow control valve is set for a short time.And do not need to possess fuel compressor, so the rotary inertia of rotor does not respond increase.Consequently when sharply reducing, load also fuel flow control valve can be closed to needed minimum aperture rapidly.Even also various device is set under the situation of the high calorie gas of use, thereby increases various rotary inertias, sometimes need to set once again ride gain owing to adding on the postrun gas turbine.Even under these circumstances, if set in advance reduction of heat amount gas supply device, by reduce the input heat of gas turbine with this, possibility needn't change fuel flow control valve or it is just transformed and can remedy load disconnection action easily and reliably.
According to foregoing, the those of ordinary skill of the industry should be able to be understood various distortion and example.Thereby above-mentioned explanation is construed as the narration of carrying out with reference to the accompanying drawings, and above-mentioned explanation is can implement the explanation that purpose of the present invention is carried out with the those of ordinary skill of the industry.More than the content of Shuo Ming 26S Proteasome Structure and Function only otherwise violate spirit of the present invention can have various substantial distortion and implemented, and these situations are construed as and belong to scope of the present invention.
Industrial applicability
Gas turbine control system of the present invention is easily by mixing reduction of heat amount gas in fuel gas, realize only utilization dwindle fuel flow control valve method the minimizing of input heat of irrealizable part. Such gas turbine control system can be used in gas turbine power generating plant and without the need for great actual change.
Claims (7)
1. the control system of a gas turbine is the load that the suppresses gas turbine control system that the rotating speed of gas turbine rises when sharply reducing, it is characterized in that,
Possessing to be disposed at provides on the fuel gas supply path of fuel gas gas turbine, the fuel flow control valve that the flow of fuel metering gas is used, be used for to the gas turbine supply passage provide the reduction of heat amount with the reduction of heat amount of gas with gas supply device and system controller
When this system controller is formed on the load that detects gas turbine and sharply reduces, for the heat that enters gas turbine is reduced, except the aperture of control fuel flow control valve, can also when this control is carried out, control and utilize the reduction of heat amount to provide the structure of reduction of heat amount with the action of gas with gas supply device.
2. the control system of gas turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the load that described system controller is formed on operating gas turbine drops sharply to specified value, fuel flow control valve is closed the minimum aperture that is not less than predetermined necessity, while can be controlled and make the reduction of heat amount provide necessary reduction of heat amount gas with gas supply device, so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than the structure of specified value.
3. the control system of gas turbine according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described system controller with the rotating speed of detected gas turbine as feedback input signal, the reduction of heat amount is carried out feedback control with the reduction of heat amount that gas supply device provides with the delivery volume of gas, so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than specified value.
4. the control system of gas turbine according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described system controller, the load of operating gas turbine sharply is reduced to the item modularization of the process of specified value, the reduction of heat amount that storage is carried out according to this module is supplied with the analog result of the aperture control of control and fuel flow control valve with gas
When the load that described system controller forms the gas turbine that can be in operation drops sharply to specified value, the structure that the control mode of selecting to reset according to described analog result is carried out.
5. the control system of gas turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Also possess and be used for hydrogen concentration detection means from the hydrogen concentration of fuel gas to described fuel gas supply path that the hydrogen gas supplying apparatus of hydrogen is provided and is used to detect,
Described system controller forms the structure that can control the hydrogen supply action of hydrogen gas supplying apparatus according to the testing result of hydrogen concentration.
6. the controlling method of a gas turbine is the controlling method of the load that the suppresses gas turbine gas turbine of the rotating speed rising usefulness of gas turbine when sharply reducing, it is characterized in that,
When being included in the load that detects gas turbine and sharply reducing,
Control is disposed at the aperture that gas turbine is provided the fuel flow control valve on the fuel gas supply path of fuel gas, regulate operation and provide the reduction of heat amount to supply with operation with gas with the fuel flow rate of the flow of fuel metering gas with the reduction of heat amount of gas to the fuel gas supply path
Carry out these operations simultaneously and enter the heat of gas turbine with minimizing.
7. the controlling method of gas turbine according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
When the load of the gas turbine that is in operation drops sharply to specified value,
Regulate in the operation at described fuel flow rate, fuel flow control valve is closed the minimum aperture that is not less than predetermined necessity, so that the fuel flow rate minimizing,
Supply with in the operation with gas simultaneously, the reduction of heat amount of necessity is offered the fuel gas supply path so that the rotating speed of gas turbine is no more than specified value with gas in described reduction of heat amount.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005305813A JP4642630B2 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2005-10-20 | Gas turbine control system and control method |
| JP305813/2005 | 2005-10-20 | ||
| PCT/JP2006/319842 WO2007046235A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-04 | Control system and control method of gas turbine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101268266A CN101268266A (en) | 2008-09-17 |
| CN101268266B true CN101268266B (en) | 2010-11-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2006800342267A Expired - Fee Related CN101268266B (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-04 | Control system and control method of gas turbine |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP4642630B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100941168B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101268266B (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0617102A2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200716853A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007046235A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4898594B2 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2012-03-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Gas turbine equipment |
| JP2010025069A (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-02-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Control device of two-shaft type gas turbine system |
| CN102076941B (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2013-11-06 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Gas turbine device |
| JP5159741B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-03-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Control device for gas turbine combustor and control method for gas turbine combustor |
| JP5084847B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2012-11-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Gas turbine combustor |
| JP5521602B2 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2014-06-18 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉ | Fuel control device for by-product gas-fired combustion device |
| JP5501870B2 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2014-05-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | gas turbine |
| JP5972810B2 (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-08-17 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Gas turbine system, combustor control device for gas turbine, and combustor control method for gas turbine |
| DE102013222225A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-04-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a gas turbine |
| CN104775914B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2019-03-15 | 北京华清燃气轮机与煤气化联合循环工程技术有限公司 | A kind of gas turbine control method and system for gaseous fuel |
| JP6742778B2 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2020-08-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Gas turbine and control method thereof |
| JP6763629B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2020-09-30 | 三菱パワー株式会社 | Gas turbine control device, gas turbine control method |
| JP7252861B2 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2023-04-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Gas turbine combustion control device, combustion control method and program |
| CN114382597B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-10-27 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Gas turbine overspeed protection method, device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium |
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| CN1055038A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-10-02 | 株式会社日立制作所 | The method and the device of control gas turbine fuel |
| WO2004111412A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-23 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric power supply equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09317499A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 1997-12-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Control method for blast furnace gas monofuel combustion gas turbine |
| JP2003206756A (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-25 | Ebara Corp | Gas turbine device |
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2005
- 2005-10-20 JP JP2005305813A patent/JP4642630B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-10-04 CN CN2006800342267A patent/CN101268266B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-04 KR KR1020087004871A patent/KR100941168B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-10-04 WO PCT/JP2006/319842 patent/WO2007046235A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-10-04 BR BRPI0617102-8A patent/BRPI0617102A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2006-10-13 TW TW095137650A patent/TW200716853A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1055038A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-10-02 | 株式会社日立制作所 | The method and the device of control gas turbine fuel |
| WO2004111412A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-23 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric power supply equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP4642630B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
| KR100941168B1 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
| CN101268266A (en) | 2008-09-17 |
| BRPI0617102A2 (en) | 2013-01-01 |
| TW200716853A (en) | 2007-05-01 |
| TWI320071B (en) | 2010-02-01 |
| KR20080043319A (en) | 2008-05-16 |
| JP2007113487A (en) | 2007-05-10 |
| WO2007046235A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
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