CN101262767A - 三唑基杀真菌混合物 - Google Patents
三唑基杀真菌混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101262767A CN101262767A CNA2006800334364A CN200680033436A CN101262767A CN 101262767 A CN101262767 A CN 101262767A CN A2006800334364 A CNA2006800334364 A CN A2006800334364A CN 200680033436 A CN200680033436 A CN 200680033436A CN 101262767 A CN101262767 A CN 101262767A
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- fungicidal mixture
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及以协同有效量包含如下组分的杀真菌混合物:(1)式I的氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)或其盐或加合物和(2)式II的戊叉唑菌(triticonazole),或(3)式III的噁醚唑,或(4)式IV的己唑醇(hexaconazole),或(5)式V的糠菌唑(bromuconazole)。本发明还使用化合物I和至少一种活性化合物II防治有害真菌的方法和化合物I与活性化合物II在制备这种混合物中的用途,以及包含所述混合物的组合物。
Description
本发明涉及以协同有效量包含如下组分的杀真菌混合物:
(1)式I的氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)或其盐或加合物:
和
(2)式II的戊叉唑菌(triticonazole):
或
(3)式III的噁醚唑(difenconazole):
或
(4)式IV的己唑醇(hexaconazole):
或
(5)式V的糠菌唑(bromuconazole):
此外,本发明涉及一种使用化合物I与化合物II-V的至少一种的混合物防治有害真菌的方法和化合物I和化合物II-V的至少一种在制备这种混合物中的用途以及包含这些混合物的组合物。
大量丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)与大量其他三唑如氧唑菌的活性化合物组合由WO 03/073851中已知。
式I的氧唑菌和它作为作物保护剂的用途描述于EP-B 0196038中。
式II的戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)描述于EP-A 0378953中。
式III的噁醚唑由EP-A 0112284中已知。
式IV的己唑醇(hexaconazole)描述于DE-A 3042303中。
式V的糠菌唑(bromuconazole)描述于Pesticide Manual,第12版(2000),第114页中。
就降低施用率和加宽已知化合物活性谱而言,本发明的目的是提供在降低的活性化合物施用总量下,显示对有害真菌,尤其是具体指出的具有改善活性的混合物。
我们已发现此目的通过开头定义的混合物实现。此外,我们已发现,同时,即联合或分开施用化合物I和活性化合物II,或依次施用化合物I和活性化合物II能够比用单独的化合物更好地防治有害真菌(协同增效混合物)。化合物I可用作大量不同活性化合物的增效剂。通过同时联合或分开施用化合物I和活性化合物II,杀真菌效力以超加性方式提高。
式I的氧唑菌由EP-B 0196038中已知:
式II的戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)描述于EP-A 0378953中:
式III的噁醚唑描述于EP-A 0112284中:
式IV的己唑醇(hexaconazole)描述于DE-A 3042303中:
式V的糠菌唑(bromuconazole)描述于Pesticide Manual,第12版(2000),第114页中:
由于它们的氮原子的碱性性能,化合物I-V能分别与无机或有机酸和与金属离子形成盐或加合物。
无机酸的实例为氢卤酸,例如氟化氢、氯化氢、溴化氢和碘化氢、硫酸、磷酸和硝酸。
适合的有机酸例如为甲酸、碳酸和链烷酸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸和丙酸,以及羟基乙酸、硫氰酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、草酸、烷基磺酸(具有1-20个碳原子的直链或支化烷基的磺酸)、芳基磺酸或芳基二磺酸(带有1个或2个磺酸基团的芳族基如苯基和萘基)、烷基膦酸(具有1-20个碳原子的直链或支化烷基的膦酸)、芳基膦酸或芳基二膦酸(带有1个或2个磷酸基团的芳族基如苯基和萘基),其中烷基或芳基可带有其他取代基,例如对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、2-苯氧基苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸等。
适合的金属离子尤其是第二主族元素的离子,尤其是钙和镁,第三和第四主族元素的离子,尤其是铝、锡和铅,以及1-8过渡族元素的离子,尤其是铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌等。特别优选第四周期的过渡族元素的金属离子。金属可以以它们可呈现的各种化合价存在。
优选氧唑菌与戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)的混合物。
此外优选氧唑菌与噁醚唑的混合物。
还优选氧唑菌与己唑醇(hexaconazole)的混合物。
此外优选氧唑菌与糠菌唑(bromuconazole)的混合物。
化合物I与活性化合物II的混合物或同时,即联合或分开施用的化合物I和活性化合物II对尤其选自子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)、Peronosporomycetes(又名卵菌纲(Oomycetes))和担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)的宽范围植物病原性真菌具有极好活性。它们中一些内吸有效并可以在作物保护中作为杀真菌剂用于拌种,用作叶面和土壤杀真菌剂。
它们对在各种栽培植物如香蕉、棉花、蔬菜品种(例如黄瓜、豆类和葫芦科植物)、大麦、禾草、燕麦、咖啡、土豆、玉米、水果植物、稻、黑麦、大豆、西红柿、葡萄藤、小麦、观赏植物、甘蔗和大量种子中防治大量真菌尤其重要。
它们尤其适于防治如下植物病害:
●蔬菜、油籽油菜、糖用甜菜、水果和稻上的链格孢(Alternaria)属,例如土豆和西红柿上的早疫链格孢(A.solani)或链格孢(A.alternata);
●糖用甜菜和蔬菜上的丝囊霉(Aphanomyces)属;
●禾谷类和蔬菜上的壳二孢属(Ascochyta)属;
●玉米、禾谷类、稻和草坪中的平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris)属和内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属,例如玉米上的玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢(D.maydis);
●禾谷类上的禾白粉菌(Blumeria graminis)(白粉病);
●草莓、蔬菜、花卉和葡萄藤上的灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)(灰霉病),
●莴苣上的莴苣盘梗霉(Bremia lactucae),
●玉米、大豆、稻和糖用甜菜上的尾孢(Cercospora)属;
●玉米、禾谷类、稻上的旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus)属,例如禾谷类上的禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus),稻上的宫部旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolusmiyabeanus);
●大豆和棉花上的剌盘孢(Colletotricum)属;
●玉米、禾谷类、稻和草坪上的内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属、核腔菌(Pyrenophora)属,例如大麦上的大麦网斑内脐蠕孢(D.teres)或小麦上的D.tritci-repentis;
●由Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporium、Ph.Aleophilum和Formitiporapunctata(同义词斑孔木层孔菌(Phellinus punctatus))引起的葡萄藤上的埃斯卡(Esca);
●葡萄藤上的痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe ampelina),
●玉米上的突脐蠕孢(Exserohilum)属,
●黄瓜上的二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum)和单丝壳白粉菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea),
●各种植物上的镰孢霉(Fusarium)属和轮枝孢(Verticillium)属,例如禾谷类上的禾本科镰孢(F.graminearum)或大刀镰孢(F.culmorum)或多种植物如西红柿上的尖镰孢(F.oxysporum);
●禾谷类上的禾顶囊壳(Gaeumanomyces graminis)属;
●禾谷类和稻上的赤霉(Gibberella)属(例如稻上的藤仓赤霉(Gibberellafujikuroi));
●葡萄藤和其他植物上的围小丛壳菌(Glomerella cingulata),
●稻上的革兰氏染色配合物(Grainstaining complex);
●葡萄藤上的Guignardia budwelli,
●玉米和稻上的长蠕孢(Helminthosporium)属;
●葡萄藤上的褐斑拟棒束孢(Isariopsis clavispora),
●禾谷类上的Michrodochium nivale;
●禾谷类、香蕉和花生上的球腔菌(Mycosphaerella)属,例如小麦上的禾生球腔菌(M.graminicola)或香蕉上的斐济球腔菌(M.fijiensis);
●卷心菜和球茎植物上的霜霉(Peronospora)属,例如卷心菜上的芸苔霜霉(P.brassicae)或洋葱上的大葱霜霉(P.destructor);
●大豆上的豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)和山马蟥层锈菌(Phakopsara meibomiae);
●大豆和向日葵上的拟茎点霉(Phomopsis)属和葡萄藤上的葡萄生单轴霉(P.Viticola);
●土豆和西红柿上的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans);
●各种植物上的疫霉(Phytophthora)属,例如柿子椒上的辣椒疫霉(P.capsici);
●葡萄藤上的葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmopara viticola),
●苹果上的苹果白粉病菌(Podosphaera leucotricha),
●禾谷类上的小麦基腐病菌(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides),
●各种植物上的假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)属,例如黄瓜上的古巴假霜霉(P.Cubensis)或啤酒花上的葎草假霜(P.Humili);
●葡萄藤上的Pseudopezicula tracheiphilai,
●各种植物上的柄锈菌(Puccinia)属,例如禾谷类上的小麦柄锈菌(P.triticina)、条形柄锈病(P.striformis)、大麦柄锈病(P.hordei)或禾柄锈菌(P.graminis),或芦笋上的天门冬属柄锈病(P.asparagi));
●稻上的稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)、笹木伏革菌(Corticium sasakii)、帚梗柱孢属(Sarocladium oryzae)、稻叶鞘腐败病(S.attenuatum)、稻叶黑粉菌(Entyloma oryzae),
●草坪和禾谷类上的稻梨孢菌(Pyricularia grisea),
●草坪、稻、玉米、棉花、油籽油菜、向日葵、糖用甜菜、蔬菜和其他植物上的腐霉(Pythium)属,例如各种植物上的终极腐霉菌(P.ultiumum),草坪上的瓜果腐霉(P.aphanidermatum);
●棉花、稻、土豆、草坪、玉米、油籽油菜、糖用甜菜、蔬菜和各种植物上的丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)属,例如甜菜和各种植物上的立枯丝核病菌(R.solani);
●大麦、黑麦和黑小麦上的黑麦喙孢(Rhynchosporium secalis);
●油籽油菜和向日葵上的核盘菌(Sclerotinia)属;
●小麦上的小麦壳针孢(Septoria tritici)和颖枯壳多孢(Stagonosporanodorum),
●葡萄藤上的葡萄钩丝壳(Erysiphe(同义词Uncinula)necator),
●玉米和草坪上的Setospaeria属,
●玉米上的丝轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca reilinia),
●大豆和棉花上的根串珠霉(Thievaliopsis)属,
●禾谷类上的腥黑粉菌(Tilletia)属,
●禾谷类、玉米和甘蔗上的黑粉菌(Ustilago)属,例如玉米上的玉蜀黍黑粉菌(U.maydis);
●苹果和梨上的黑星菌(Venturia)属(黑星病),例如苹果上的苹果黑星病(V.inaequalis)。
化合物I与活性化合物II的混合物特别适于防治来自Peronosporomycetes(又名卵菌纲(Oomycetes))的有害真菌,例如霜霉(Peronospora)属、疫霉(Phytophthora)属、葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmoparaviticola)和假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)属,尤其是上述相应属。
此外,化合物I与II的混合物适用于在材料(例如木材、纸、油漆分散体、纤维或织物)保护中和储存产品保护中防治有害真菌。在木材保护中,特别注意如下有害真菌:子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes),例如线嘴壳属(Ophiostoma spp.)、长喙壳菌属(Ceratocystis spp.)、出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)、Sclerophoma spp.、毛壳属(Chaetomium spp.)、腐质霉属(Humicola spp.)、彼得壳属(Petriella spp.)、毛束霉属(Trichurusspp.);担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes),例如粉孢革菌属(Coniophora spp.)、革盖菌属(Coriolus spp.)、粘褶菌属(Gloeophyllum spp.)、香菇属(Lentinusspp.)、侧耳属(Pleurotus spp.)、卧孔菌属(Poria spp.)、干朽菌属(Serpula spp.)和干酪菌属(Tyromyces spp.),半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes),例如曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)、枝孢属(Cladosporium spp.)、青霉菌(Penicillium spp.)、木霉属(Trichoderma spp.)、链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)、拟青霉菌属(Paecilomyces spp.)和接合菌纲(zygomycetes)如毛霉属(Mucor spp.),另外在材料保护中注意如下酵母:假丝酵母属(Candida spp.)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisae)。
化合物I通过用杀真菌有效量的活性化合物处理真菌或待保护不受真菌侵袭的植物、种子、材料或土壤而施用。施用可在材料、植物或种子受真菌侵染之前和之后进行。
化合物I和活性化合物II可同时,即联合或分开,或依次施用,在分开施用的情况下,顺序通常对防治措施的结果不具有任何影响。
当制备混合物时,优选使用纯化合物I和活性化合物II-V的至少一种,可向其中加入对有害真菌或其他害虫如昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫有活性的其他化合物,或除草或生长调节活性化合物或肥料。
通常使用化合物I与活性化合物II-V的至少一种的混合物。然而,在某种情况下化合物I与两种或如果合适的话多种活性组分的混合物也可有利。
化合物I和活性化合物II通常以100∶1-1∶100,优选20∶1-1∶20,尤其是10∶1-1∶10的重量比使用。
化合物I和活性化合物III通常以100∶1-1∶100,优选20∶1-1∶20,尤其是10∶1-1∶10的重量比使用。
化合物I和活性化合物IV通常以100∶1-1∶100,优选20∶1-1∶20,尤其是10∶1-1∶10的重量比使用。
化合物I和活性化合物V通常以100∶1-1∶100,优选20∶1-1∶20,尤其是10∶1-1∶10的重量比使用。
如果需要的话,加入的其他活性组分与化合物I之比为20∶1-1∶20。
取决于化合物类型和所需效果,本发明混合物的施用率,尤其基于农作物面积为5-2000g/ha,优选20-900g/ha,尤其是50-750g/ha。
相应地,化合物I的施用率通常为1-1000g/ha,优选10-900g/ha,尤其是20-750g/ha。
相应地,活性化合物II的施用率通常为1-2000g/ha,优选10-1500g/ha,尤其是40-1000g/ha。
相应地,活性化合物III的施用率通常为1-2000g/ha,优选10-1500g/ha,尤其是40-1000g/ha。
相应地,活性化合物IV的施用率通常为1-2000g/ha,优选10-1500g/ha,尤其是40-1000g/ha。
相应地,活性化合物V的施用率通常为1-2000g/ha,优选10-1500g/ha,尤其是40-1000g/ha。
在种子处理中,所用混合物的施用率通常为1-1000g/100kg种子,优选1-750g/100kg种子,尤其是5-500g/100kg种子。
防治有害真菌的方法通过在植物播种之前或之后或在植物出苗之前或之后对种子、植物或土壤喷雾或撒粉分开或联合施用化合物I和活性化合物II-V的至少一种或化合物I与活性化合物II-V的至少一种的混合物而进行。
可将本发明混合物或化合物I和活性化合物II-V的至少一种转化成常规配制剂,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊和颗粒。使用形式取决于特定的意欲目的;在每种情况下,应确保本发明化合物精细且均匀地分布。
配制剂以已知方式制备,例如通过将活性化合物与溶剂和/或载体混合而制备,若需要的话使用乳化剂和分散剂。适于该目的的溶剂/助剂主要为:
-水、芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(NMP、NOP)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、二元醇、脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯。原则上还可以使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物(如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩)和磨碎的合成矿物(如高度分散的硅石、硅酸盐);乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)以及分散剂如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
所用的合适表面活性剂为木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,还有磺化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚,辛基酚,壬基酚,烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
适于制备可直接喷雾溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质为中至高沸点的矿物油馏分如煤油或柴油,还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或它们的衍生物,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,丁醇,环己醇,环己酮,异佛尔酮,高度极性溶剂如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉末、撒播用材料和可撒粉产品可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或一起研磨来制备。
颗粒如涂敷颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过使活性化合物与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体实例为矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁,磨碎的合成材料,肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%的活性化合物。活性化合物以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度(根据NMR谱)使用。
下列为配制剂实例:
1.用水稀释的产品
A)水溶性浓缩物(SL)
将10重量份本发明化合物溶于90重量份水或水溶性溶剂中。作为选择,加入湿润剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解。这样得到具有10重量%活性化合物含量的配制剂。
B)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份本发明化合物随着加入10重量份分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮而溶于70重量份环己酮中。用水稀释得到分散体。活性化合物含量为20重量%。
C)可乳化浓缩物(EC)
将15重量份本发明化合物随着加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(每种情况下5重量份)而溶于75重量份二甲苯中。用水稀释得到乳液。配制剂的活性化合物含量为15重量%。
D)乳液(EW、EO)
将25重量份本发明化合物随着加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(每种情况下5重量份)而溶于35重量份二甲苯中。通过乳化机(例如Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入30重量份水中并制成均匀乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。配制剂的活性化合物含量为25重量%。
E)悬浮液(SC、OD)
在搅拌球磨机中,将20重量份本发明化合物随着加入10重量份分散剂和润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂而粉碎以得到细活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到活性化合物的稳定悬浮液。配制剂中活性化合物含量为20重量%。
F)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
将50重量份本发明化合物随着加入50重量份分散剂和润湿剂而精细磨碎并通过技术应用(例如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)而制得水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到活性化合物的稳定分散体或溶液。配制剂的活性化合物含量为50重量%。
G)水分散性或水溶性粉末(WP、SP)
将75重量份本发明化合物在转子-定子研磨机中随着加入25重量份分散剂、润湿剂和硅胶而磨碎。用水稀释得到活性化合物的稳定分散体或溶液。配制剂的活性化合物含量为75重量%。
2.不经稀释而施用的产品
H)可撒粉粉末(DP)
将5重量份本发明化合物细碎研磨并与95%的细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到活性化合物含量为5重量%的可撒粉产品。
J)颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG)
将0.5重量份本发明化合物细碎研磨并结合95.5%载体。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到活性化合物含量为0.5重量%的不经稀释而施用的颗粒。
K)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份本发明化合物溶于90重量份有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到活性化合物含量为10重量%的不经稀释而施用的产物。
活性化合物可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式,例如可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒形式,借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌而使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;它们意欲在每种情况下确保本发明活性化合物的最佳可能分布。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。然而,也可制备由活性物质、湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂和如果合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物且该浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用制剂中的活性化合物浓度可在相对宽范围内变化。通常为0.0001-10%,优选0.01-1%。
活性化合物也可成功用于超低容量法(ULV),其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性化合物的配制剂,或甚至施用不含添加剂的活性化合物。
可将各种类型的油、湿润剂或辅助剂加入活性化合物中,甚至如果合适的话,恰在紧邻使用前加入(桶混合)。这些试剂通常与本发明组合物以1∶100-100∶1,优选1∶10-10∶1的重量比混合。
化合物I和活性化合物II-V的至少一种或混合物或对应的配制剂通过用杀真菌有效量的混合物,或在分开施用的情况下化合物I和活性化合物II-V的至少一种处理有害真菌或保持不含它们的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或空间而施用。施用可以在有害真菌侵染之前或之后进行。
本发明各个化合物和混合物的杀真菌作用可以通过下列试验证实。
使用Abbot公式按如下计算效力(E):
E=(1-α/β)·100
α对应于%表示的处理植物的真菌侵染百分数,和
β对应于%表示的未处理(对照)植物的真菌侵染百分数。
效力为0意指处理植物的侵染水平相当于未处理对照植物的;效力为100意指处理植物未受侵染。
活性化合物组合的预期效力使用Colby公式(Colby,S.R.“Calculatingsynergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”,Weeds(杂草),15,20-22,1967)确定并与观察到的效力比较。
Colby公式:
E=x+y-x·y/100
E使用浓度为a和b的活性化合物A和B的混合物时的预期效力,以未处理对照的%表示,
x使用浓度为a的活性化合物A时的效力,以未处理对照的%表示,
y使用浓度为b的活性化合物B时的效力,以未处理对照的%表示。
活性化合物氧唑菌和戊叉唑菌作为商业配制剂使用。应用实施例编号1-微滴定试验(Pyrior)中对稻瘟病致病菌稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)的活性
将储液用吸液管吸至微滴定盘(MTP)上并用用于真菌的麦芽基含水营养培养基稀释至指定的活性化合物浓度。然后加入菌稻瘟病菌的含水孢子悬浮液。将盘放在18℃下的水蒸气饱和室中。使用吸收光度计,在接种后第7天在405nm处测量MTP。测量参数与无活性化合物对照变体的生长和无真菌且无活性化合物的空白值比较以确定各个活性化合物中以%表示的病原体的相对生长。
首先将目测的侵染叶面积百分数值转化成平均值,然后转化成以未处理对照的%表示的效力。效力为0意指与未处理对照相同的侵染水平;效力为100意指0%侵染。活性化合物组合的预期效力使用Colby公式(Colby,S.R.“Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicidecombinations”,Weeds(杂草),15,第20-22页,1967)确定并与观察到的效力比较。
活性化合物/活性化合物组合 | 浓度(ppm) | 比 | 观察的效力(%) | 根据Colby计算的效力(%) | 协同增效 | 协同增效水平(%) |
氧唑菌 | 1 | 0 | ||||
戊叉唑菌 | 41 | 133 | ||||
糠菌唑 | 1 | 0 |
氧唑菌+戊叉唑菌 | 1+4 | 1∶4 | 100 | 13 | 是 | 87 |
氧唑菌+戊叉唑菌 | 1+1 | 1∶1 | 98 | 3 | 是 | 95 |
氧唑菌+糠菌唑 | 1+1 | 1∶1 | 52 | 0 | 是 | 52 |
试验结果显示借助协同增效,本发明混合物比使用Colby公式预测的显著更具活性。
Claims (13)
2.根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物,其包含式I的氧唑菌和式II的戊叉唑菌。
3.根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物,其包含式I的氧唑菌和式III的噁醚唑。
4.根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物,其包含式I的氧唑菌和式IV的己唑醇。
5.根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物,其包含式I的氧唑菌和式V的糠菌唑。
6.根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物,其中式I的氧唑菌与式II-V的各个三唑的重量比为100∶1-1∶100。
7.一种防治有害真菌的方法,其包括用根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物处理有害真菌、它们的栖息地或待保护以防它们的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或空间。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中根据权利要求1的式I化合物和根据权利要求1的式II-V的至少一种化合物同时,即联合或分开,或依次施用。
9.根据权利要求7或8的方法,其中根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物或根据权利要求1的式I化合物和式II-V的至少一种化合物以5-2000g/ha的量施用。
10.根据权利要求7或8的方法,其中根据权利要求1的化合物I和化合物II-V的至少一种或根据权利要求1的混合物以每100kg种子1-1000g的量施用。
11.以1-1000g每100kg的量包含根据权利要求1的混合物的种子。
12.根据权利要求1的化合物I和化合物II-V的至少一种在制备适于防治有害真菌的组合物中的用途。
13.一种包含根据权利要求1的杀真菌混合物和固体或液体载体的杀真菌组合物。
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