CN101255069B - Slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101255069B CN101255069B CN2008101039164A CN200810103916A CN101255069B CN 101255069 B CN101255069 B CN 101255069B CN 2008101039164 A CN2008101039164 A CN 2008101039164A CN 200810103916 A CN200810103916 A CN 200810103916A CN 101255069 B CN101255069 B CN 101255069B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slow-releasing urea and a preparation method for the products thereof. The slow-releasing urea is composed of urea and coating material, wherein the amount of the coating material is no more than 7% of the slow-releasing urea by weight. The preparation method includes: preparing a homogeneous coating solution at room temperature from polystyrene and dichloromethane with a weight/volume ratio of 12-16:100 (g/ml); coating the urea particles by the coating solution inside a fluidized bed in a proportion of no more than 600 ml coating solution per each kilogram of urea until the coating solution is fully used and then drying to finish the coating process; putting paraffin into the container and heating to 75-85 DEG C for melting, wherein the amount of paraffin is no more than 25g per each kilogram of coated polystyrene urea; then putting the corresponding amount of coated polystyrene urea into the melted wax and cooling after stirring evenly. Compared with the prior art, the products of the invention not only contain high nitrogen and are low in production cost, but also is suitable for both paddy fields and dry lands, which is wide in application and conducive to environment protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nitrogenous fertilizer is the fertilizer of turnout maximum in the world.Its kind mainly is that urea (containing N 46%) accounts for 60% of nitrogen fertilizer production, and the bicarbonate of ammonia accounting is about 20%～30%, and all the other are ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate etc.These nitrogenous fertilizer transform in soil soon, and are very active again, except that crop absorbs, are easy to by the nitrated nitrate that changes in the nonirrigated farmland, to lower floor or underground water, are lost on every side lake water, river with the runoff effect with water wash, cause the environment eutrophication; Produced N by denitrification
2O enters atmosphere.Mainly exist at paddy field nitrogen, easily ammonia loss by volatilization with the ammonium attitude.So mineral attitude nitrogen is difficult to be stored by soil, utilization ratio is low, and loss amount is big, contaminate environment, and repeatedly use and could satisfy plant demand in the time of infertility.
Slowly-releasing, controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer are to need fertile dynamic characteristic and consider the new-type fertilizer that ecological environment security develops according to plant, are the general trends of world's new type nitrogen fertilizer research and development.Many in the research and the application of slowly-releasing, release and release control fertilizer abroad, there are 3 class slow release fertilizers in the U.S.: urea formaldehyde, and polymer capsule urea and sulfur coated urea have been realized suitability for industrialized production, countries such as Canada, Israel also have this series products to come out in succession.The sustained-controll-release fertiliser commodity of selling on the market have reached tens of kinds now." Nutriate " CAFS " Meister " that Japan produces but CAFS controlled release nitrogen 100～360 days, controlled release amount 80%, nitrogen utilization efficiency reaches 60%～70%, test shows 1 bottom application on various crop, on average the amount of increase in production of using for 4 times than urea is also high.At home, slowly-releasing, controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer are started late, and mainly are that urine formaldehyde, sulfur coated urea are used on cash crop now.Also have research to use material: acetate starch or acrylic resin, polystyrene-rosin-flyash, paraffin-rosin-secondary calcium phosphate, rosin-paraffin starch-polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-starch, nanometer tung oil-paraffin, EVA, NR, PVC and PS etc. make mould material bag urea, the also caking agent of useful a kind of compound preparation, SULPHUR POWDER, magnesium oxide, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate crop alimentary materials such as (or Sodium orthomolybdates) or part material wherein are wrapped in urea surface, the slow nitrogenous fertilizer of making densely.
But in existing slowly-releasing, the controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer, especially in slowly-releasing, the control release urea, the nitrogen content that has is too low, and the production cost that has is too high, and discharging in the paddy field of having is too fast, effect is undesirable.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome many deficiencies of existing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, especially slow-release carbamide, the invention provides a kind of slow-release carbamide, it utilizes the thickness of coating to control the time of releasing of urea, nitrogen content height not only, low production cost, and paddy field, nonirrigated farmland all can use, and be applied widely.
Another object of the present invention just provides the preparation method of this slow-release carbamide.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of slow-release carbamide comprises urea and coating materials, it is characterized in that: described coating materials are polystyrene and paraffin, and the content of coating materials is no more than 7% of slow-release carbamide weight.
The weight of the coating materials of described slow-release carbamide accounts for 3%, 5%, 6% or 7% of slow-release carbamide.
The preparation method of described slow-release carbamide, it is divided into following three steps:
The first step is preparation coating solution: at normal temperatures, with polystyrene and methylene dichloride with quality: volume ratio is that 12-16g: 100ml is mixed with homogeneous phase coating solution;
Second step is for the coating polystyrene: the ratio that granular urea and described coating solution is no more than 600 milliliters with the used described coating solution of 1kg urea, at the fluidized bed plant inner investment, until oven dry that coating solution is exhausted, make coating and marry vinylbenzene urea, coating end of processing;
The 3rd step was bag wax process: put into paraffin in container, be heated to 75-85 ℃ of fusing, the paraffin consumption is that the described coating polystyrene of every kg urea is no more than 25g, and the above-mentioned coating polystyrene urea with respective amount joins in the melted paraffin then, and postcooling stirs.
The quality of polystyrene and methylene dichloride in the described the first step: volume ratio is 14g: 100ml.
The coating solution usage is that every 1kg urea is 500ml, 435ml, 365ml or 215ml in described second step.
Fluidized-bed when work processing parameter in described second step is set to: air inducing 34-38Hz, rotation 24-28Hz, seal-air pressure 0.14-0.16MPa, atomizing pressure 0.12-0.15MPa, inlet temperature 40-50 ℃, air outlet temperature 25-30 ℃, voltage 390～400V, electric current 0.4-0.6A, peristaltic pump input speed 4-6rppm.
Compare with slow-release carbamide of the prior art, the present invention adopts the beneficial effect of technique scheme to be:
1, the present invention utilizes environment waste polystyrene and reclaims methylene dichloride as the coating raw material, not only reduce raw materials cost, and material choice itself just helps environment protection.
2, on the preparation method of the present invention, adopt the fluidized-bed coated urea, regulate the thickness of coating easily by coating time, fluidizing velocity, and then come with the thickness of coating time of controlling slow release, with paraffin filled polystyrene film mesh, reduce rate of release, thereby can produce the different slow-release carbamide of serial rate of release quickly and easily, to be fit to northern China nonirrigated farmland, southern paddy field and the different requirements of nonirrigated farmland the urea rate of release.
3, the coated carbamide nitrogen content height that is prepared from of the present invention, its membrane substance content is no more than 7%, and nitrogen content is higher than 40%, thereby saves production cost, convenient production and transportation.
4, field test and laboratory experiment result, it is " S " type that this technical products nitrogen discharges performance graph, release period is about 70 days, consistent with plant absorbing nitrogen dynamic trend, compare with the urea of coating not, can save nitrogen more than 25%, can realize that nitrogenous fertilizer is disposable to be manured into soil, and nitrogen this season utilization ratio be higher than 60%.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.Below each embodiment be only used for the explanation rather than the restriction the present invention.
Slow-release carbamide of the present invention contains granular urea and coating materials, and the coating materials are polystyrene, methylene dichloride and paraffin, and the content of coating materials is no more than 7% of slow-release carbamide weight.
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow-release carbamide, it is divided into following three steps:
The first step is preparation coating solution: at normal temperatures, be 12-16 with methylene dichloride with the mass/volume ratio with polystyrene: 100 (g/ml) are mixed with homogeneous phase coating solution.
Second step is for the coating polystyrene: granular urea and above-mentioned coating solution are no more than the ratio of 600ml with the used above-mentioned coating solution of 1kg urea, and at the fluidized bed plant inner investment, until oven dry that coating solution is exhausted, the coating end of processing.Fluidized-bed when work processing parameter is set to: air inducing 34-38Hz, rotation 24-28Hz, seal-air pressure 0.14-0.16MPa, atomizing pressure 0.12-0.15MPa, inlet temperature 40-50 ℃, air outlet temperature 25-30 ℃, voltage 390～400V, electric current 0.4-0.6A, peristaltic pump input speed 4-6rppm.
The 3rd step was bag wax process: put into paraffin in container, be heated to the fusing of 75-85 degree, the paraffin consumption is that the above-mentioned coating polystyrene of every kg urea is no more than 25g, and the above-mentioned coating polystyrene urea with respective amount joins in the melted paraffin then, and postcooling stirs.
As preferred embodiment, the weight of coating materials accounts for 7%, 6%, 5% and 3% of slow-release carbamide.
Introduce the preparation method of the described slow-release carbamide of the various embodiments described above below in detail:
Embodiment 1, and the content of coating materials is 7% preparation method of slow-release carbamide weight.
The first step is preparation coating solution: at normal temperatures, be that 14: 100 (g/ml) be mixed with homogeneous phase coating solution with methylene dichloride with the mass/volume ratio with polystyrene.
Second step is for the coating polystyrene: with granular urea and the above-mentioned coating solution ratio that is 500ml with the used above-mentioned coating solution of 1kg urea, at the fluidized bed plant inner investment, it is 15 minutes that the coating time is given, until oven dry that coating solution is exhausted, coating end of processing.Processing parameter is set to during fluidized-bed work: air inducing 36Hz, rotation 26Hz, seal-air pressure 0.15MPa, atomizing pressure 0.13MPa, 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, 27 ℃ of air outlet temperatures, voltage 390～400V, electric current 0.5A, peristaltic pump input speed 4～6rppm.
The 3rd step was bag wax process: put into paraffin in container, be heated to 80 degree fusings, the paraffin consumption is the above-mentioned coated carbamide 20g of every kg, and the above-mentioned coating polystyrene urea with respective amount joins in the melted paraffin then, promptly gets embodiment 1 described coated carbamide behind the postcooling that stirs.
Embodiment 2, and the content of coating materials is 6% preparation method of slow-release carbamide weight.
Identical with other operation in the foregoing description 1, except:
In above-mentioned steps one, polystyrene is 14: 100 (g/ml) with the mass/volume ratio of methylene dichloride, and its ratio can also be at 12-16: choose in the scope of 100 (g/ml).
In above-mentioned second step, if polystyrene is 14: 100 (g/ml) with the mass/volume ratio of methylene dichloride in this solution, then for the coating solution usage of every 1kg urea be 435ml, if the mass/volume of this solution polystyrene and methylene dichloride ratio is 12-16: other ratio between 100 (g/ml), the coating solution usage of then every kg urea is calculated adjustment according to the above ratio and is got final product.Fluidized-bed when work processing parameter is provided with scope and is: air inducing 34-38Hz, rotation 24-28Hz, seal-air pressure 0.14-0.16MPa, atomizing pressure 0.12-0.15MPa, inlet temperature 40-50 ℃, air outlet temperature 25-30 ℃, voltage 390～400V, electric current 0.4-0.6A, peristaltic pump input speed 4-6rppm.The setting of concrete parameter can be according to the requirement of preparation time, and the reality of external environment is adjusted in above-mentioned scope.
In the above-mentioned steps three, the Heating temperature scope of paraffin is the fusing of 75-85 degree, and concrete temperature of fusion can be determined in above-mentioned scope according to preparation time requirement and other ambient conditions; The paraffin consumption is that the above-mentioned coating polystyrene of every kg urea is no more than 25g, is advisable with 20g, can do suitable adjustment.
Embodiment 3 and 4, the content of coating materials are 5% and 3% preparation method of slow-release carbamide weight.
Other step is identical with embodiment 2, except:
In above-mentioned second step, if polystyrene is 14: 100 (g/ml) with the mass/volume ratio of methylene dichloride in this solution, then be respectively 365ml and 215ml for the coating solution usage of every 1kg urea, if the mass/volume of this solution polystyrene and methylene dichloride ratio is 12-16: other ratio between 100 (g/ml), the coating solution usage of then every kg urea is calculated adjustment according to the above ratio and is got final product.
Be above-mentioned four example gained coated carbamide rates of release, fertilizer loss rate, raising total soil nitrogen and field test results below:
1, measures coated fertilizer rate of release process: take by weighing fertilizer 5g, put into the beaker of 100ml distilled water, beaker is put into 30 ℃ of incubators keep constant temperature, at regular intervals, beaker is taken out, pull fertilizer in the water out after 60 ℃ of dryings, take by weighing residue fertilizer amount, nutrient release rate %=(taking by weighing fertilizer amount-residue fertilizer amount originally) * 100/ took by weighing the fertilizer amount originally, the results are shown in Table 1.Coated carbamide is not less than dissolving fully in 30 fens clock times, and coated carbamide just discharges 70-80% at 27 days-61 days nutrients, and visible coated carbamide plays really and prolongs the nutrient releasing effect, and increases with membrane wrapping thickness and to increase time of releasing.
Each coated carbamide table time of releasing (30 ℃) of table 1
| 27 | ---- | ---- | ---- | 83.17 | ---- |
| 35 | 46.77 | 62.78 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 39 | ---- | ---- | 75.25 | ---- | ---- |
| 45 | 55.70 | 71.22 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 61 | 68.93 | 77.28 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
Annotate: 7+%, 6+%, 5+%, 3+% refer to that respectively the content of coating materials is 7%, 6%, 5% and 3% of slow-release carbamide weight in the table; "----" expression does not need to measure.
2, sand culture experiment is measured the fertilizer nutrient leaching rate and is improved total soil nitrogen content process
Every basin pack into 1.5kg sandy soil and 225mg fertiliser mixtures, keeping soil moisture is 20%, in hot-house culture after 10 days, with 1000ml distilled water gradation washed off soil, it is drip washing loss nitrogen that collection filtrate is measured full nitrogen, sandy soil kind corn, the results after 45 days of growing, measure total soil nitrogen content again, measure total soil nitrogen content and deduct the soil nitrogen that the total soil nitrogen content that do not apply fertilizer is the fertilizer raising.Result such as table 2, U represents that routine uses urea amount (being considered as rate of fertilizer application 100%), compare with urea, coated fertilizer reduces the nearly 50%-80% of fertilizer loss, improve total soil nitrogen content 2-3.7 doubly, illustrate that coated carbamide has the remarkable effect that improves soil nitrogen content and reduce nitrogen loss, agriculture production is had significances such as joint money synergy environmental friendliness.
Table 2 sand culture experiment is measured the fertilizer nutrient leaching rate and is improved the total soil nitrogen content results
| Handle | Apply total N content (mg)/basin | Fertilizer leaching rate % | Compare minimizing fertilizer leaching loss (%) with urea | Soil total N raising rate % | Compare the multiple that improves full N with urea |
| 7+ | 225 | 6.07 | 83.5 | ?34.03 | 3.79 |
| 6+ | 225 | 9.08 | 75.3 | ?30.22 | 3.37 |
| 5+ | 225 | 12.94 | 64.9 | ?25.53 | 2.85 |
| 3+ | 225 | 18.47 | 49.9 | ?18.39 | 2.05 |
| U | 225 | 36.83 | ------ | ?8.97 | ----- |
3, the fertile effect of increasing production of paddy field test joint
Test is handled: urea amount of application 150kg/hm
2Be amount of nitrogen 100%, select coated carbamide 3+%, 5+%, 6+% and 7+%, amount of application is two levels, promptly be equivalent to 50% and 70% of urea amount of application, 3+% (50) and 3+% (70) represent that respectively amount of nitrogen is 50% and 70% of a urea, U represents that routine uses urea amount (being considered as rate of fertilizer application 100%), and other are identical, and the result can see Table 3.As seen use the above coated carbamide 50% of 3+% coated carbamide 70% and coating quantity 5+% and just can reach the output of executing urea 100%, 6+% (70), 7+% (50) and 7+% (70) handle and can also handle volume increase 16-30% than urea.Illustrate that this coated carbamide can reach the unusual effect of the fertile volume increase of joint.
The different coating quantity urea of table 3 rice field test-results
| Sequence number | Handle in the field | Output (kg/ mu) | Stimulation ratio (%) | Significance test of difference (p＜0.05) |
| 1 | 3+％(50) | 367 | -10.6 | d |
| 2 | 3+％(70) | 420 | 2.5 | bcd |
| 3 | 5+％(50) | 417 | 1.6 | bcd |
| 4 | 5+％(70) | 416 | 1.5 | bcd |
| 5 | 6+％(50) | 439 | 7.0 | bc |
| 6 | 6+％(70) | 478 | 16.5 | b |
| 7 | 7+％(50) | 554 | 35.1 | a |
| 8 | 7+％(70) | 557 | 35.9 | a |
| 9 | U | 410 | ----- | cd |
Claims (6)
1. a slow-release carbamide comprises urea and coating materials, it is characterized in that: described coating materials are polystyrene, methylene dichloride and paraffin, and the content of coating materials is no more than 7% of slow-release carbamide weight.
2. a kind of slow-release carbamide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the weight of the coating materials of described slow-release carbamide accounts for 3%, 5%, 6% or 7% of slow-release carbamide.
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described slow-release carbamides, it is characterized in that: it is divided into following three steps:
The first step is preparation coating solution: at normal temperatures, with polystyrene and methylene dichloride with quality: volume ratio is that 12-16g: 100ml is mixed with homogeneous phase coating solution;
Second step was the coating polystyrene: use described coating solution to be no more than the ratio of 600ml with every kg urea granular urea and described coating solution, at the fluidized bed plant inner investment, until oven dry that coating solution is exhausted, make coating polystyrene urea, the coating end of processing;
The 3rd step was bag wax process: put into paraffin in container, be heated to 75-85 ℃ of fusing, the paraffin consumption is that the described coating polystyrene of every kg urea is no more than 25g, and the above-mentioned coating polystyrene urea with respective amount joins in the melted paraffin then, and postcooling stirs.
4. the preparation method of slow-release carbamide according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the quality of polystyrene and methylene dichloride in the described the first step: volume ratio is 14g: 100ml.
5. the preparation method of slow-release carbamide according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the coating solution usage is that every kg urea is 500ml, 435ml, 365ml or 215ml in described second step.
6. the preparation method of slow-release carbamide according to claim 3 is characterized in that: processing parameter is set to during the fluidized-bed work in described second step: air inducing 34-38Hz, rotation 24-28Hz, seal-air pressure 0.14-0.16MPa, atomizing pressure 0.12-0.15MPa, inlet temperature 40-50 ℃, air outlet temperature 25-30 ℃, voltage 390～400V, electric current 0.4-0.6A, peristaltic pump input speed 4-6rppm.
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| CN102126890B (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2013-07-24 | 沈阳农业大学 | Preparation method of environmentally friendly fertilizer envelope material |
| CN104761389A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Marine organism polysaccharide double-film slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1486964A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-07 | 中国农业大学 | Coating material and coating method for controllable slow releasing fertilizer |
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| CN1486964A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-07 | 中国农业大学 | Coating material and coating method for controllable slow releasing fertilizer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 方天翰.包膜肥料.《复混肥料生产技术手册》.化学工业出版社,2004,(第1版),144－149. * |
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