Background technology
Useless ink powder is mainly derived from the discarded duplicating machine that remains in, the ink powder that can not re-use of laser printer imaging cartridge (cartridges) lining, also derive from duplicating machine, useless powder in the useless powder box of photoelectronic imaging equipment such as electronic printer and the useless powder that remains in the developer.The electronic waste that is produced when usually they being considered as the modern office equipment day-to-day operation.Because powder diameter is the superfine powder about 5~12 μ m in the useless ink powder, when being used as general rubbish and toppling over, swim in easily in the air, form dust attitude contaminated air.Therefore, wasted ink powder is classified as environmentally hazardous solid waste by a lot of Environment Protection Administrations, adopts the mode of focusing on to manage, and normally hands over government's specified entity burning or buried.But burn not only boosting emission of carbon-dioxide of useless ink powder, also can produce the gas of harmful human health, buriedly also may cause phreatic pollution.
In recent decades, about any research and development that wasted ink powder is utilized as resource again, caused people's attention, application number has disclosed the wasted ink powder thermal-cracking method for the Chinese patent of 01127963.X denomination of invention for " waste duplicator ink powder treating process ", organic high molecular compound in the useless ink powder is cracked into the process of low-molecular-weight fuel oil under hot conditions.See that technically this technology is feasible, but cost is greater than the value of product, this technology is become does not have actual application value.The somebody has invented the method (Chinese patent 94202405.2) that makes waste and old used in copy machines ink powder regeneration.This method is a kind of powder method for separating in fact, can only separate magnetic powder in the wasted ink powder substantially with non magnetic powder, and separated magnetic or non magnetic useless ink powder, chargeding performance, flowability, the Storage Item physical parameter can not reach request for utilization.
The inventor is among the ZL200410026639.3 " duplicating machine that goes out of use or laser printer powder toner renovation process " in China Patent No., though it is effective giving the method for the wasted ink powder regeneration of sening as an envoy to, and be applied aborning, but because recoverable useless ink powder is not only various in style, and tend to mixed in togetherly, realize that to regeneration industrialization brings difficulty.The inventor finds in practice, behind some physical parameter of understanding certain class wasted ink powder, available than ZL200410026639.3 patent more method for saving energy produce good product of toner.Therefore set up and fail to understand that to originating wasted ink powder is to realize the key of wasted ink powder regeneration industrialization by the sorting technique of main physical parameter, the present invention will propose useless ink powder identification and method of testing at this point and provide clear and definite answer.
Wasted ink powder is not the hundred-percent regeneration ink powder that can be used for making, and those particle diameters wherein, can not be used and make the regeneration ink powder owing to contain the composition that unfavorable ink powder is made less than the superfine powder of 3 μ m.If they are used as garbage disposal, can become the objectionable impurities of contaminated environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of useless ink powder sorting technique of non-pollutant discharge.
Another technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind of useless ink powder classification back regeneration method that is used for.
The last technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of useless ink powder sorting technique comprises the steps: that (1) take a sample to the wasted ink powder of separate sources; (2) the sample powder is carried out particle diameter, solution flow rate, promptly the MI value (150 ℃, 2.16kg, 10min) and softening point temperature, magnetic or non magnetic project detect; (3), distinguish the micro mist of useless ink powder and the generation of ink powder factory according to granularity and pattern with 500~1000 times microscopic examination granularity and pattern; (4) the useless ink powder that step (3) is distinguished is divided into M worker's value less than 10 by melting index (MI value); The MI value is greater than 10, less than 30; The MI value is greater than 30 3 classes, and every class is cleared up foreign material, adopted hierarchy system to be divided into D by the powder mean grain size after screening, magnetize, dry-cleaning through winnowing type
v>9 μ m, D
vBe 7.5 μ m~9 μ m, D
vBe 5 μ m~7.5 μ m, D
vBe 3 μ m~5 μ m, D
v5 classes of<3 μ m.
Back of the present invention one technical scheme is: a kind of useless ink powder classification back regeneration method comprises the steps: that (1) is selected through selection by winnowing, screening, dry-cleans, magnetized, the equal particle diameter of body is the powder of 9 μ m, 7.5 μ m~9 μ m and 5 μ m~7.5 μ m after the shaping, fine graded processing; (2) comparison specific duplicating machine or printer the solution flow rate of corresponding ink powder, promptly the MI value (150 ℃, 2.16kg, 10min) body mean grain size, body resistivity, magnetic parameter; (3) less than the charge adjusting agent of 1 μ m above-mentioned powder is carried out the attached processing of surface bag with hydrophobic silica and particle diameter, can make the new regeneration ink powder of good image effect.
Dry-cleaning in the described step 1, shaping process are meant the dry cleaner that airslide disintegrating mills such as utilizing fluidized bed is transformed, and being lower than 55 ℃, air pressure with temperature is not moisture and the dry air of oil content or pure nitrogen, CO of 0.2~0.5MPa
2Under the impact of gas, finish dry-cleaning and shaping simultaneously.
Fine graded technology in the described step 1 is meant the fine graded system that forms with 3 impeller graders, dry-cleaning, the useless ink powder after the shaping, dividing the adult mean grain size is greater than 9 μ m, 7.5~9 μ m, 6.0~7.5 μ m, 4.0~6.0 μ m are less than 5 classes of 4 μ m.
The technology that magnetizes in the described step 1 is when isolating non magnetic powder, under magnetic field intensity 〉=2000 Gausses' the action of a magnetic field, the useless ink powder of magnetic is magnetized, and it is the method that its magnetic property is repaired in fact.
Back of the present invention one technical scheme is: a kind of useless ink powder classification back regeneration method, select the useless ink powder of particle diameter less than 3 μ m; Adopt premix, add the short poly-agent peroxidating benzoic acid resin of 1% mass parts, the Ployethylene Wax high-speed mixer of 2% mass parts, premix 3~5 minutes; Extrude slivering,, under 130 ℃ of conditions, extrude slivering with single screw rod or double screw extrusion machine; Be cut into 3~5mm
3The column master batch, obtain being used to make low-intensity container plastic matrix.
Back of the present invention one technical scheme is: a kind of useless ink powder classification back regeneration method, select particle diameter less than the superfine powder in the useless ink powder that contains oxide impurity of 3 μ m; By batching, by 100 parts of weight portion coal tar, 10 parts of weight portion PVC again fecula, fecula, 15 parts of useless ink powders of weight portion, 1 part of weight portion calcium stearate carry out proportioning to 10 parts of weight portion polyester again; When coal tar is heated up after 120~140 ℃ of dehydrations 60 ℃ of left and right sides of cooling, the powder by above-mentioned formulated joined in the coal tar stir; Slowly heat up, slip continues to be heated to 130~140 ℃ by rare retrogradation, when slip more slowly by thick when thinning, plasticizing is finished, and obtains being used to make the buildings waterproof ointment.
The present invention is to the sorting technique of wasted ink powder and by useless ink powder is carried out removal of impurities selection by winnowing, screening, dry-cleaning shaping, fine graded, useless ink powder after magnetizing is by particle size, hot melt, charging property, directed selected be applied to printer and the used ink powder type of duplicating machine, can directly make new regeneration ink powder, can reach the effect of superior images equally by the method for filling out silicon dioxide and charge stable agent outward.More can embody energy-saving and emission-reduction than traditional handicraft, the effect of consumption reduction.In addition, the present invention also to the particle diameter that can not the be used for ink powder regeneration micro mist less than 3 μ m in the past, has found to preventing the method that need not handle micro mist by the burning mode of contaminated environment, can boosting CO because burn micro mist
2Discharging, even also can produce emission of harmful substances when burning.Micro mist with making low-intensity plastic ware or waterproofing unction, has been accomplished need not burn wasted ink powder, just can make the regeneration process realize the zero-emission of solid material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention is not constituted any restriction.
1, the identification of wasted ink powder and sorting technique
Wasted ink powder mainly is that particle diameter is the pressed powder of 5~13 μ m, account for 90% of overall weight, it is mainly derived from the factory that those specialties are disassembled waste and old laser printer imaging cartridge, is collected in the useless powder in the same pail pack, and that pours out in the various model cartridges often mixes product.Can disassemble the useless powder of collection by the cartridge type classification if be engaged in the factory of the cause of disassembling, then can improve useless powder regeneration and be worth.
(1) recognition methods
(a) sampling identification content comprises: the packing of press wasted ink powder indicates, and carries out rough sort according to the original host factory in useless powder source, and for example belonging to Hewlett-Packard, the useless powder that Canon's type is used is classified as a class, and the useless powder that genus Xerox type is used is classified as another kind of, and the rest may be inferred.And press the factory management rule to each bale number sampling, each sample is got 300g.
(b) for effectively identification and classification, content of the present invention comprises that the sample powder is carried out following project to be detected:
1. use 500 times~1000 power microscopes, see its powder pattern and estimate granularity.
2. survey powder with Ku Erte granularity Detection instrument
And grain-size distribution curve.
3. survey solution flow rate, promptly the MI value (150 ℃, 2.16kg, 10min) and softening point temperature.
4. whether belong to magnetic powder with permanent magnets determination of adsorption method powder.
(c) in order to distinguish the micro mist of useless ink powder and the generation of ink powder factory, can be directly with 500~1000 times microscopic examination granularity and pattern.Useless ink powder generally based on particle diameter at 5~11 μ m, pattern is more regular, remains in the wasted ink powder in the cartridge after being to use; And the micro mist that particle diameter to be 3~4 μ m be main powder produces in the production run often, pattern is irregular.
(2) sorting technique and application direction
(a) be that to confirming as the useless powder that derives from cartridge or useless powder box, being divided three classes by the MI value that records, (the MI value is less than 10 as one of sorting technique of the present invention; The MI value is greater than 10, less than 30; The MI value is greater than 30).Also be divided three classes for the micro mist that derives from ink powder factory by this.But the two application direction is different.Therefore measure the MI value as macroscopic view, objectively can react the molecular weight and the molecular distribution situation of macromolecule resin in the ink powder.
The MI value is used the ink powder raw materials for production less than what 10 useless ink powder was used for low speed copier or printer, can be used for the raw materials for production of middling speed duplicating machine or inkpowder for printer greater than 10 less than 30 useless ink powder for the MI value, can be used for high speed copier, printer, electronic printer raw materials for production greater than 30 useless ink powder with ink powder for the MI value.
(b) as two of sorting technique of the present invention be, to confirming as the wasted ink powder that derives from cartridge or useless powder box, again through winnowing type cleaning foreign material (removing the plastics micro parts that mixes in the useless powder, screw etc. with selection by winnowing or seperator), screening (with 120 order vibrosieves in mixing useless powder fiber hair and particle diameter greater than 120 purpose coarse grain particles), magnetize (sieving machine magnetizes, simultaneously the non magnetic separate particles in the useless powder is gone out the useless ink powder of magnetic with magnetizing), dry-clean afterwards that hierarchy system falls into 5 types the useless ink powder of handling by the powder mean grain size:
Be 7.5 μ m~9 μ m;
Be 5 μ m~7.5 μ m;
Be 3 μ m~5 μ m's;
.Wherein the powder mean grain size is directly used in the raw material of making the regeneration ink powder greater than the clean ink powder particle conduct that is cleaned more than the 5 μ m.The powder mean grain size is that the clean special thin ink powder particle utilization patent No. of being cleaned of 3 μ m~5 μ m is the compensation compound design method of ZL200410026639.3, can be used as filler and is used.For the ultra-fine useless ink powder powder of powder mean grain size, can be used for making the masterbatch of low-intensity plastic containers or be used to make the compound of material that prevents for building using less than 3 μ m.
2. the disposal route of wasted ink powder
For wasted ink powder is utilized effectively,, following method is proposed as important content of the present invention:
(1) dry-cleaning shaping methods:
Cold dry air or cold dried CO by 0.2~0.5MPa
2Or N
2Gas, carry the useless ink powder of having been handled by removal of impurities, allow between useless powder collision friction mutually, modes such as shearing not only make the attachment attached to useless toner surface separate, meanwhile can also in colliding mutually, particle polish the corner angle of irregular powder, to the powder particle shaping, allow the H of pollutant simultaneously
2O is diffused in the dry gas, is in independent suspended state after the former superfine powder less than 1 μ m attached to useless toner surface is come off.The varigrained solids and gas mixture that contains of this state soon of existing side by side is sent to hierarchy system and carries out classification.Finish the equipment of this dry-cleaning process, first-selected proprietary dry cleaner for the design of Hui Neng company also can utilize general fluidisation airslide disintegrating mill, or the Cyclonic comminutor, but the dry-cleaning effect is undesirable.
(2) fine graded method
The dry-cleaning of certain MI value, the powder that is in admixture that useless toner surface pollutant is separated with ink powder is sent to three grades of hierarchy systems by impeller classification unit as another content of the present invention.Each impeller rotation and flow can be divided into particle diameter to the ink powder of the available regeneration of certain MI value in this hierarchy system by regulating
,
Be 9~7.5 μ m,
Be 7.5~5.0 μ m,
Be 3~5.0 μ m,
For<3 μ m, wherein, the powder mean grain size can be used as greater than these powders of 5 μ m by classification direct utilization the regeneration ink powder in the middle of product.
Be that the special fine powder of 5.0~3.0 μ m and the micro mist that derives from factory's generation are used as the raw material of making the ink powder filler.
(3) magnetize and magnetic system method
As another content of the present invention is to cleaning, the useless ink powder of the magnetic of classification magnetizes and the non-magnetic toner of sneaking into is wherein carried out sorting, this process can once be finished magnetic field intensity magnetizes separator greater than 2000 Gausses on, certainly to the useless ink powder of magnetic magnetizing and sorting also can cleaned, carry out before the classification.Its objective is that the remanent magnetism that improves the magnetic ink powder separates with the non-magnetic toner of coercive force with ink powder that infiltration magnetic in the removal process is given up.The magnetic ink powder that process magnetizes can also promote powder to roll and the charged ability of reinforcement powder at developing process except that raising prevents that printer operation generation powder from flying upward.Meanwhile also those do not contain magnetic material or contain the very little separate particles of magnetic material and go out in the useless magnetic ink powder.
3. useless ink powder regeneration method
(1) method for making of regeneration ink powder
As key content of the present invention is to be the equal particle diameter of those bodies in the wasted ink powder powder particle of 5 μ m, select three classes by aforesaid selection by winnowing, screening, the disposal route dry-cleaning, magnetize, promptly the equal particle diameter of body is that can be used as of 9 μ m, 7.5 μ m~9 μ m and 5 μ m~7.5 μ m is directly used in the powder of making new ink powder.By the physical parameter of measuring all kinds of powders, comprise solution flow rate, be the MI value (150 ℃, 2.16kg, 10min) and softening point temperature, the body mean grain size, body resistivity, magnetic parameters etc. are compared specific pairing these parameters of the used ink powder of laser printer, duplicating machine, judge various types of other ink powder powder according to this, be fit to make which kind of new ink powder.Thereafter, less than the charge adjusting agent of 1 μ m above-mentioned powder is carried out the attached processing of surface bag, can make the new regeneration ink powder of good image effect with the particle diameter of 0.25%~2.0% hydrophobic silica of cleaning powder body weight and 0~5%.
As embodiment be:
By aforementioned processing and sorting technique,, select particle diameter the resulting powder that derives from the useless ink powder of Hewlett-Packard's printer
; the MI value adds the silicon dioxide of the AEROSILR972 of ink powder powder weight 0.6% less than 10 the ink powder powder through cleaning up, and mixes 240s in high-speed mixer; just can obtain image color and reach 1.4, bottom ash is less than the regeneration ink powder of 0.005 image effect.These ink powders can be used for printing or copying speed less than 20/minute HP printer or the IR2000 of Canon digital duplicating machine.
(2) with in the wasted ink powder more the fine powder body make the method that filler is made the regeneration ink powder
By selection by winnowing, screening is dry-cleaned from wasted ink powder, and classification is separated in the classification operations such as magnetic separation
Less than the powder of 5 μ m, or deriving from the pure micro mist that produces in the ink powder production run, generally is the powder of particle diameter less than 4 μ m, can be used for adopting ZL200410026639.3 patented method manufacturing regeneration ink powder by its hot melt, magnetic property etc.
(3) with the ultra-fine powder as filler manufacturing plastics parent in the wasted ink powder and the method for waterproof material
The granule powder that those obtain from grading technology less than 3 μ m, because they are mainly derived from the styrene acrylic resin copolymer that strips down from contaminated toner surface, iron oxide pigment, hydrophobic monox, carbon black, the mixture powder that multiple material such as titania is formed, the super fine of these allocations from particle collector can not be used further to make ink powder, but can be used for following two kinds of products.
1. can be used for making low-intensity container plastic matrix, method is:
100 parts of mass number micro mists in, add 1 part of initiating agent peroxidating benzoic acid resin, (mass fraction), 2 parts of Ployethylene Wax, earlier use high-speed mixer, premix 3~5 minutes is used single screw rod or double screw extrusion machine then, under 130 ℃ of conditions, extrude slivering, be cut into 3~5mm again
3The column master batch.Utilize this master batch can be injection molded into utensils such as firework.
2. can be used for making the buildings waterproof ointment, its method is as follows.
Prescription:
100 parts of quality of coal tar
The PVC powder 10 of regenerating
Polyester regeneration powder 10
Useless toner particles (<4 μ m) 15
Calcium stearate 1
Manufacturing process:
When coal tar is heated up after 120~140 ℃ of dehydrations 60 ℃ of left and right sides of cooling, the powder by above-mentioned formulated joined in the coal tar stir, slowly intensification, slip continues to be heated to 130~140 ℃ by rare retrogradation.When slip more slowly by thick when thinning, show that plasticizing finishes substantially.Get final product waterproofing unction.Owing to contain carbon black, hydrophobic SiO in the powder of body mean grain size less than 3 μ m
2, TiO
2Deng, to strengthening cohesion and enduring property and play good reinforcing agent effect.