CN101243770A - Cultivation method for wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility - Google Patents
Cultivation method for wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivating method of nuclear male sterile hybrid wheat, belonging to the field of crop cultivation. Prior method adds the 4E chromosome of Agropyron elongatum to a recessive genic male sterile wheat; the seed set of the acquired blue marked wheat genic male sterile maintainer line ranges from 40% to 50%; the white male sterile seed separated from self-crossed progeny is only around 64%. The invention is characterized in that, hybridization is carried out by taking lanzhou genic male sterile wheat as female parent and Agropyron elongatum as male parent; through light blue line self bred or white, light blue and dark blue three-color mixed line plant mixing (inbred + outcross), white sterile line and light blue fertile line seeds are bred; a photoelectric color sorter is used to sort the bred and produced white seeds and blue seeds, and in the blue seed group, the dark blue seeds are sorted and eliminated as much as possible; white sterile line and male parent line are hybrid to produce commercial hybrid F1 seeds. The cultivating method has the advantages that, the acquired light blue line has a high self seed set above 85 %, and the self seed set of white sterile line seeds can achieve around 80%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crop genetics field, especially the breeding method of hybrid wheat.
Background technology
Utilize system to compare with crop cell matter male sterile " three are " heterosis, hybrid vigor, there is not special recovery in the crop cell kernel male sterile, keeps relation, therefore, examine the great advantage of sterile crop hybrid use of advantage, be that to can be used for the parent material of seed selection excellent sterile system, maintenance line and male parent system very abundant, help the strong advantage hybrid combination of seed selection.But, be difficult to realize examining effective maintenance of sterility with conventional method, promptly be difficult to produce the male-sterile seed that isozygotys in a large number.With the genetic theory of wheat cell, by the chromosome of wheat engineering, design certain special cells genetic mechanism, can realize effective maintenance of caryon sterile line.Its genetic breeding principle is: in the male sterile gene type that isozygotys, an additional outer rim chromosome or a through engineering approaches chromosome (Engineered Chromosome, or claim modification chromosome Modified Chromosome, it is to belong to relevant, the homoeologous chromosomes of planting is a target material, artificial cultivation (synthesizing) forms), this outer rim or through engineering approaches chromosome must possess following particular inheritance function: one, can independent inheritance transmission in common wheat genetic background, express, and do not match in meiosis stage with the genomic any part homologous chromosome of ABD; Two, carry dominance homology (homeologous) male-fertile gene M s and dominant marker's gene M a; Three, can not transmit by the andro gamete approach, and only transmit with the oogamete approach.Therefore, this has the monomer alien addition line wheat of the genic male sterile gene that isozygotys (msms), selfing can be solid, progeny seed (plant) has two kinds of genotype individualities, the one, do not carry the isozygoty euploid of msms genotype wheat of having of chromosome nonhomologous, plant performance holandry is sterile, and the 2nd, have a chromosomal monomer alien addition line self of outer rim with the msms genotype wheat of isozygotying.By dominant marker's expression of gene that addition chromosome carries, male sterile seed of above-mentioned euploid or plant are distinguished mutually with the seed (seed mark property) or the plant (plant mark property) of male-fertile monomer alien addition line.With the hybridization of euploid male sterile line and another pure lines, produce hybridization F1 seed and be used for producing, the monomer alien addition line is hybridized by selfing or with the euploid male sterile line, be used to breed euploid male sterile line and himself.Realized the maintenance of wheat cell kernel male sterile thus, and be applied in the hybrid wheat exploitation.According to the theoretical design principle of above-mentioned cytogenetics, openly reported numerical example examples of many successful (comprising content disclosed by the invention) both at home and abroad:
The 5R chromosome of rye is imported on the wheat cell kernel male sterile mutant Cornerstone (mslc), and it is respectively msms genotype wheat 5R disome alien addition line (2n=42W (msms)+5R ' '=44), 5R monomer alien addition line (2n=42W (msms)+5R '=43) and msms genotype wheat euploid (2n=42W (msms) +=42) that Driscoll (1972) has obtained XYZ hybrid wheat production system: X system, Y system and Z system.Carry the dominance male-fertile gene M s and the ear stem villous dominant marker gene of homeologous equipotential on the 5R chromosome, 5R chromosome does not match with the chromosome of common wheat when reduction division, but independent inheritance.Make of Z system and maternally to produce Y system, do maternal by Z system again and Y is an outbreeding Z system, be used for production by Z system and male parent system hybridization production crossbreed again with X system hybridization.The XYZ system has been started new way, new method that the wheat male nucleus sterile line heterosis, hybrid vigor utilizes.But because 5R chromosome can be with certain transport by the pollen transmission in Y system, simultaneously, unpaired phenomenon usually takes place in two 5R interchromosomals in the X system.For this reason, Driscoll (1985) had proposed improvement XYZ system afterwards, it changes 5R chromosome in the original system and is the 5R isochromosome, outer rim chromosome in the improved system, transport by the andro gamete approach reduces to some extent, but still can transmit, mean that system still can not produce the high caryon sterile line seed of homozygosity, has limited its production application thus.In addition, differentiation can be educated with sterile, realizes that according to plant ear stem villous (can educate strain Y system) and no fine hair (sterile strain Z is) this carries out after need waiting until heading, has increased the sterile line propagation cost thus.
Huang Shousong etc. (1991) will long fringe couchgrass the 4E chromosome addition to a recessive cytoblast sterile wheat, " male sterile of blue mark type wheat nucleus, the maintenance line " that obtains, it is the 4E chromosome monomer alien addition line that has the wheat of the genic male sterile gene that isozygotys, its selfing can be solid, the separable seed that goes out three kinds of grain looks of offspring: a kind ofly be white grain (normal wheat berry look), account for 64%, performance male sterile can be used for the F1 production of hybrid seeds; Another kind is light blue grain, accounts for 33%, and selfing can be solid, but the offspring can forever isolate the sterile and blue grain of white grain breeding; The third is dark blue grain, accounts for 3%, and selfing can be solid, and the offspring only is dark blue grain parent self.The ripening rate of " male sterile of blue mark type wheat nucleus, the maintenance line " of this report (being equivalent to light blue grain of the present invention is) is about 40-50%, and the isolated white grain male-sterile seed of self progeny has only about 64%.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of self-fruitful rate and from the breeding method of all high wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility of the isolated white grain male-sterile seed of self progeny.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose is:
A kind of breeding method of wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility, be to be female parent with wheat recessive karyon male sterile material, with 4F addition line blue-grain wheat is paternal hybrid, wheat recessive karyon male sterile material adopts " sterile wheat is examined in Lanzhou " mutant material, and 4E addition line blue-grain wheat adopts long fringe couchgrass.Be selfing or mix and hand over by light blue grain, promptly from accompanying each other different friendship, breeding white grain male sterile line and light blue grain fertile line seed by white grain, light blue grain, the plantation of dark blue grain three color contamination syzygies.
In cultivating process, 1. eliminate the white grain of cross-pollinated seed, its medium blue grain plantation of selecting and remain; 2. F2 for after press individual plant and divide the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain, and the corresponding blue grain row plant of sterile strain appears in the white grain row of selecting and remain; 3. in following generation, divided the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain by strain, and the capable strain system that sterile strain do not occur of white grain eliminates, F3 is 100% for the sterile plant rate with the white grain row of rear section strain system, continues selfed breeding by breeding objective with educating the strain of blue grain accordingly, until forming light blue system of stable 4E-ms.
The white grain of breeding male sterile line can sort out dark, light blue light blue grain of planting in the sub-group by photoelectric colour sorter, use the white grain of light blue grain self propagated male sterile line again, the also seed mixture of dark, the light blue grain of the white grain of available 80-90% and 10-20% (mainly being that light blue grain is), under the isolation implant condition, plant, grain male sterile line and the hybridization of two kinds of blue grain fertile lines in vain, the white grain of breeding male sterile line simultaneously, is the white grain of a self propagated caryon sterile line by light blue grain.
Technique scheme essence comprises following characteristics:
(1) establishment of 4E-ms hybrid wheat production system: with " sterile wheat is examined in Lanzhou " mutant is female parent, is paternal hybrid with 4E addition line blue-grain wheat, the light blue grain (the xenia effect of blue graininess shape produces) that F1 for seed is; F2 is for eliminating all white grain seeds, only with the program request of indigo plant grain seed; Divide individual plant to divide the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain back for seed F3, F3 generation and later epoch thereof, with the sterile plant rate that white grain row occurs is 100%, and the self-fruitful paired family of corresponding blue grain row, the genic male sterile gene that this family is described isozygotys, only need it can be educated the strain of blue grain accordingly and continue selfed breeding, until forming the light blue grain system of stable 4E-ms (seeing diagram) by breeding objective.
(2) cultivation of the light blue grain of 4E-ms system system: one, crossing system selection-breeding method: this is similar to the method and the approach of intervarietal cross conventional system seed selection pure line cultivar.Light blue grain with the need improvement is maternal, with another parent who conforms to breeding objective is paternal hybrid, eliminate the white grain of cross-pollinated seed, the blue grain of selecting and remain is wherein planted, F2 for after press individual plant and divide the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain, and the corresponding blue grain row plant of sterile strain appears in the white grain row of selecting and remain, and following generation will be divided the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain by strain, and the capable strain system that sterile strain do not occur of white grain eliminates.F3 is after generation, and the sterile plant rate of the white grain row of part strain system is 100%, illustrates that the genic male sterile gene of this family isozygotys, only needs by breeding objective it can be educated the strain of blue grain accordingly and continues selfed breeding, until forming the light blue grain system of stable 4E-ms (seeing diagram).Two, continuous backcross directive breeding method: the yielding ability of known certain parent material, coordinate force and outcrossing sex expression are good, and available this method becomes corresponding light blue grain to be this target material transformation.The advantage of this method is with clearly defined objective, and shortcoming is that workload is big.The method and chemical hybridization wheat technology (CHA) combine; can be with the female parent that kills combination in test, proof has an application prospect in productions goodization; backcross transformation becomes the light blue grain of corresponding 4E-ms system to be; realize blue granulation--the genetically controlled male sterileization (duplicating this combination) of the maternal system of fine combination thus, and do not re-use chemical hybridizing agent.Figure is to be for No. 8 the design of male sterile line target transformation material with sweet wheat.Three, hybridization+limited backcrossing+systematic breeding method: at first obtain the genotypic good F1 of MSms for doing male parent with good parent material and excellent sterile system (strain) hybridization, and then with good light blue grain be hybridization of female parent, the plantation of light blue grain seed and the branch individual plant results of selecting and remain cross-pollinated, think in theory, half its genic male sterile gene of these blue grain individual plants isozygotys, in its following generation,, white sterile plant rate of going was 100%, and these blue grain individual plants are pressed the breeding objective systematic breeding until stable.The advantage of this method is effectively select colony's (the genotypic indigo plant grain of MSms and msms is individual) bigger, and invalid selection colony (genotypic blue the individuality of MSMS) is little, i.e. efficiency of selection height (seeing diagram) early for promptly realizing isozygotying of sterile gene
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
With people's such as Huang Shousong report relatively, though can find identical with correlated inheritance breeding mechanism of the present invention,, there is following difference in the two: the source difference that 1, adopts the nuclear male sterility material.The nuclear male sterility material that the present invention utilized--" sterile wheat is examined in Lanzhou ", it is the natural mutant material that the inventor finds, systematically studies show that, " sterile wheat is examined in Lanzhou " is single recessive nuclear gene sudden change and causing, the sterility inheritance stability, be not subjected to ambient light, the influence of temperature envirment factor, sterile gene is positioned on the 4B the short arm of a chromosome, other six mutant on the ms1 site of having reported with forefathers (Pugsley ' s (msla), Probus (mslb), Cornerstone (mslc), FS2 (msld), FS3 (msle) and FS24 (mslf)) equipotential, we are with its gene symbol called after mslg; 2, the present invention on the basis of this research report, obtained following progress: A, the self-fruitful rate height of the light blue grain system that the present invention relates to, the almost approaching normally ripening rate (more than 85%) of wheat breed, and the ripening rate of " male sterile of blue mark type wheat nucleus, the maintenance line " of reports such as Huang Shousong (being equivalent to light blue grain of the present invention is) is about 40-50%, this may be different relevant with the nuclear sterile material of the two employing, also may be different relevant with the blue-grain wheat parent of the two employing.B, the light blue grain that the present invention relates to are that the segregation ratio of self progeny's indigo plant, white grain is different with " male sterile of blue mark type wheat nucleus, maintenance line ", the isolated white grain male-sterile seed of self progeny can reach about 80% in light blue the system of the present invention, and the isolated white grain male-sterile seed of " male sterile of blue mark type wheat nucleus, maintenance line " self progeny has only about 64%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the seed selection diagram that the white grain of 4E-ms system male sterile line, light blue grain are;
Fig. 2 is that 4E-ms hybrid wheat production system white grain male sterile line and crossbreed F1 breed machine-processed diagram;
Fig. 3 is mixed friendship (hybridization+selfing) the modes of reproduction diagram of the white grain of 4E-ms hybrid wheat production system male sterile line;
Fig. 4 is the crossing system selection-breeding method diagram of the light blue grain of 4E-ms hybrid wheat production system system;
Fig. 5 has the diagram of light blue system of target parent genetic background for the continuous backcross directive breeding;
Fig. 6 is the diagram of the light blue grain of hybridization+limited backcrossing+systematic breeding method seed selection system.
Embodiment
1, on any recessive male sterile mutant material on the wheat 4B chromosome, additional 4E chromosome from long fringe couchgrass, the seed of the msms genotype wheat 4E monomer alien addition line that obtains is light blue grain, selfing can be normally solid, the offspring has three kinds of grain looks: a kind of is white grain (normal wheat berry look), the performance male sterile of plantation back can be used for the F1 production of hybrid seeds; Another kind is light blue grain, and selfing can be solid, but the offspring can forever isolate the sterile and blue grain of white grain breeding; The third is dark blue grain, and selfing can be solid, and the offspring only is dark blue grain parent self.The genome composition of above-mentioned white, light blue, dark blue grain is respectively 2n=42W (msms)=42,2n=42W (msms)+4E '=43,2n=42W (msms)+4E "=44.Can breed white grain male sterile line by following two kinds of approach: one, use photoelectric colour sorter, sort out light blue in dark, the light blue grain kind sub-group, use the white grain of light blue grain self propagated male sterile line again; Two, when photoelectric colour sorter can not sort dark, light blue grain fully, seed mixture with the white grain of 80-90% and dark, the light blue grain of 20-10% (mainly being light blue grain), under the isolation implant condition, plant, make white grain male sterile line and two kinds of blue grain fertile lines (mainly being that light blue grain is) hybridization, the white grain of breeding male sterile line, simultaneously, be the white grain of self propagated caryon sterile line by light blue grain.
2, do female parent with white granulocyte genic male sterile line, the pure lines material good with another flowering habit, that coordinate force is good is done paternal hybrid, cultivates commercial hybridization F1 wheat.
3, the sterility of " sterile wheat is examined in Lanzhou " mutant, being positioned on the 4B the short arm of a chromosome a pair of equipotential recessive sterile gene that isozygotys controls, six mutant of on the ms1 site that gene loci and forefathers have reported other (Pugsley ' s (msla), Probus (mslb), Cornerstone (mslc), FS2 (msld), FS3 (msle) and FS24 (mslf),) equipotential, gene symbol is mslg.
4,4E-ms hybrid wheat production system composition material--white grain caryon sterile line, light blue grain fertile line (maintenance line), dark blue grain fertile line material.One, the genome of the white caryon sterile line of 4E-ms system consists of 2n=42W (msms)=42, and plantation back plant shows nearly 100% male sterile degree and male sterile plant rate, and can be used as maternal system and male parent is that the hybridization manufacturer uses the F1 seed; Two, the genome of the sterile maintenance line of the light blue grain nuclear of 4E-ms system (being called for short light blue grain is) consists of 2n=42W (msms)+4E '=43, selfing can be solid, the offspring has three kinds of grain look: A, white grain (normal wheat berry look), account for 50-80%, performance male sterile, genotype is 2n=42W (msms)=42, can be used for the F1 production of hybrid seeds; B, light blue grain parent self account for 47-18.6%, and selfing can be solid, and genotype is 2n=42W (msms)+4E '=43, but the self progeny can forever isolate sterile and shallow, the dark blue grain of white grain breeding; C, dark blue grain account for 3-1.4%, and selfing can be solid, and genotype is 2n=42W (msms)+4E "=44, the self progeny all is a dark blue grain self.
5, the breeding breeding method of the sterile maintenance line of the light blue grain nuclear of 4E-ms system.One, crossing system selection-breeding method: this is similar to the method and the approach of intervarietal cross conventional system seed selection pure line cultivar.Light blue grain with the need improvement is maternal, with another parent who conforms to breeding objective is paternal hybrid, eliminate the white grain of cross-pollinated seed, the blue grain of selecting and remain is wherein planted, F2 for after press individual plant and divide the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain, and the corresponding blue grain row plant of sterile strain appears in the white grain row of selecting and remain, and following generation will be divided the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain by strain, and the capable strain system that sterile strain do not occur of white grain eliminates.F3 is after generation, and the sterile plant rate of the white grain row of part strain system is 100%, illustrates that the genic male sterile gene of this family isozygotys, only needs by breeding objective it can be educated the strain of blue grain accordingly and continues selfed breeding, until forming the light blue grain system of stable 4E-ms (seeing diagram).Two, continuous backcross directive breeding method: the yielding ability of known certain parent material, coordinate force and outcrossing sex expression are good, and available this method becomes corresponding light blue grain to be this target material transformation.The advantage of this method is with clearly defined objective, and shortcoming is that workload is big.The method and chemical hybridization wheat technology (CHA) combine; can be with the female parent that kills combination in test, proof has an application prospect in productions goodization; backcross transformation becomes the light blue grain of corresponding 4E-ms system to be; realize blue granulation--the genetically controlled male sterileization (duplicating this combination) of the maternal system of fine combination thus, and do not re-use chemical hybridizing agent.Figure is to be for No. 8 the design of male sterile line target transformation material with sweet wheat.Three, hybridization+limited backcrossing+systematic breeding method: at first obtain the genotypic good F1 of MSms for doing male parent with good parent material and excellent sterile system (strain) hybridization, and then with good light blue grain be hybridization of female parent, the plantation of light blue grain seed and the branch individual plant results of selecting and remain cross-pollinated, think in theory, half its genic male sterile gene of these blue grain individual plants isozygotys, the sterile plant rate that its following generation goes from grain is 100%, and these blue grain individual plants are pressed the breeding objective systematic breeding until stable.The advantage of this method is effectively select colony's (the genotypic indigo plant grain of MSms and msms is individual) bigger, and invalid selection colony (genotypic blue the individuality of MSMS) is little, i.e. efficiency of selection height (seeing diagram) early for promptly realizing isozygotying of sterile gene.
Claims (3)
1. the breeding method of a wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility, be to be female parent with wheat recessive karyon male sterile material, with 4F addition line blue-grain wheat is paternal hybrid, it is characterized by wheat recessive karyon male sterile material and adopt " sterile wheat is examined in Lanzhou " mutant material, 4E addition line blue-grain wheat adopts long fringe couchgrass, be selfing or mix and hand over by light blue grain by white grain, light blue grain, the plantation of dark blue grain three color contamination syzygies, promptly from accompanying each other different friendship, breeding white grain male sterile line and light blue grain fertile line seed.
2. the breeding method of wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility according to claim 1 is characterized by the white grain of 1. eliminating the cross-pollinated seed in cultivating process, its medium blue grain plantation of selecting and remain; 2. F
2Press individual plant after generation and divide blue, white grain paired row plantation, and the corresponding blue grain row plant of the sterile strain of white grain row appearance of selecting and remain; 3. in following generation, divided the row plantation in pairs of blue, white grain by strain, and the capable strain system that sterile strain do not occur of white grain eliminates, F
3The sterile plant rate that generation goes with the white grain of rear section strain system is 100%, will can educate the strain of blue grain accordingly by breeding objective and continue selfed breeding, until the light blue grain of the stable 4E-ms of formation system.
3. the breeding method of wheat hybridization with nuclear male sterility according to claim 1, it is characterized by the white grain of breeding male sterile line and can sort out dark, light blue light blue grain of planting in the sub-group by photoelectric colour sorter, use the white grain of light blue grain self propagated male sterile line again, the also seed mixture of dark, the light blue grain of the white grain of available 80-90% and 10-20% (mainly being that light blue grain is), under the isolation implant condition, plant, grain male sterile line and the hybridization of two kinds of blue grain fertile lines in vain, the white grain of breeding male sterile line, simultaneously, be the white grain of self propagated caryon sterile line by light blue grain.
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| WO2013064085A1 (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-10 | 未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室（北京）有限公司 | Method for maintaining nuclear male sterility line of wheat cells |
| CN107072165A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-08-18 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Wheat Ms1 polynucleotides, polypeptide and application method |
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| CN103237441A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-08-07 | 未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室（北京）有限公司 | Method for maintaining nuclear male sterility line of wheat cells |
| CN103237441B (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2014-12-03 | 未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室（北京）有限公司 | Method for maintaining nuclear male sterility line of wheat cells |
| CN102835305A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-26 | 弭尚岭 | Branch type colored wheat crossbreeding and propagation method |
| CN107072165A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-08-18 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Wheat Ms1 polynucleotides, polypeptide and application method |
| CN107072165B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2021-05-28 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Wheat Ms1 polynucleotides, polypeptides and methods of use |
| CN113136390A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2021-07-20 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Wheat Ms1 polynucleotides, polypeptides and methods of use |
| CN107267527A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室（北京）有限公司 | The keeping method of male fertile and its application |
| CN107304428A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-10-31 | 未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室（北京）有限公司 | Wheat restoring gene and its application |
| CN107267527B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2021-03-19 | 未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室（北京）有限公司 | Method for maintaining male fertility and application thereof |
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