CN101242105A - Photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101242105A CN101242105A CNA2008100581822A CN200810058182A CN101242105A CN 101242105 A CN101242105 A CN 101242105A CN A2008100581822 A CNA2008100581822 A CN A2008100581822A CN 200810058182 A CN200810058182 A CN 200810058182A CN 101242105 A CN101242105 A CN 101242105A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic system intelligent complemented charging and discharging method. This system comprises a solar energy battery unit, a storage battery, an input electric switch, an output electric switch, loads and so on. A group of storage battery in the solar energy photovoltaic system is shunt-wounded by using two groups of original system storage batteries with 1/2 capacity; the solar energy battery uses the charging controller to process impulse charging for the two groups of batteries; firstly, the impulse current charges the group of battery; during the charging diapause, the impulse current charges another group of battery, circulating in this way, power of the solar energy is 100% used. The two groups of storage batteries can process impulse discharging, forming intelligent complementally charging and discharging. This method can improve maintaining condition of the storage battery and release the erosion of the facilities by acid mist and pollution for the environment, enhancing the capacity converting rate; the two groups of storage batteries can alternatively discharge and maximally strengthen using rate of the storage battery, prolonging using age of the storage battery.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging method, belong to a kind of photovoltaic electron controls technology field.
Two, background technology
The charging of storage battery is to be engaged in communication power supply to safeguard an important process, and how work is done to battery charge, directly influences the useful life and the power supply safety of battery.The pulse charging method is not only followed the intrinsic charge acceptance of storage battery, and can improve the charge in batteries receptance, thereby has broken the restriction that curve is accepted in the charging of storage battery index, and this also is the new development of charge in batteries theory.The pulse current charge mode at first be with pulse current to charge in batteries, allow battery stop filling a period of time then, so circulation.
Pulse current charge makes storage battery be full of electric weight, and the intermittent phase regroups oxygen that storage battery produces through chemical reaction and hydrogen if having time and is absorbed, concentration polarization and ohmic polarization naturally and understandably are eliminated, thereby alleviated the interior pressure of storage battery, the constant current charge of next round can more successfully be carried out, make storage battery can absorb more electric weight.Intermittent pulse makes storage battery that the reaction time fully be arranged, and has reduced gassing rate, has improved the charging current receptance of storage battery.
Identical pulsed discharge method when adopting when the pulsed discharge method is battery discharging with charging, two Battery packs are discharge in turn, respectively be 50% two Battery pack discharge times, be 100% to the load discharge time altogether, thereby realized battery impulse is discharged and recharged, can eliminate the cell panel polarization and the sulfuration of the long-time discharge generation of single Battery pack, prolong the life of storage battery.Be one of important content of communication power supply maintenance work to accumulator cell charging and discharging, storage battery power supply importance in support is self-evident, provides required electric power to power consumption equipment in the time of guaranteeing to have a power failure.Have only correct just can help saves energy to accumulator cell charging and discharging, prolong the useful life of battery, power supply ensures safety.
Known solar energy photovoltaic system adopts storage battery as energy storage unit mostly.And can be a lot of with the matching used storage battery kind of photovoltaic cell, present widely used have plumbic acid maintenance free cell, common lead acid accumulator and alkaline nickel tin storage battery etc.At present in the photovoltaic system as energy storage device be the plumbic acid maintenance free cell, easy to maintenance because of it, dependable performance, and environmental pollution is less, during especially for unattended photovoltaic plant, have other storage batterys incomparable superiority.The condition of work of the storage battery in the photovoltaic system is different in the condition of work of other occasions with storage battery, its charge rate and discharge rate are all very little, and the charging interval is restricted, and promptly only could charge when sunshine, so can not charge to it by a fixing charging rule.Because battery applications under this special environment, causes its life-span to compare the weak point of being scheduled to, and becomes the most flimsy part in the whole photovoltaic system, the reason of its damage is mainly " overcharging " and " cross and put ".Overcharge and be meant that battery cell voltage surpasses certain level (being generally the single lattice of single lattice one 2.40V/ of 2.35V/), the oxygen that this moment, storage battery can't make generation is chemical combination fully again.Charging voltage is too high, and the hydrogen that generates on negative pole is difficult in inside battery and is absorbed, and produces pressure and causes moisture loss because of accumulation in battery.When seriously overcharging, water decomposition produces hydrogen and oxygen, makes that other places of concentration ratio, storage battery bottom are high, causes negative plate bottom sulfation, and positive plate corrosion and expansion cause capacitance loss.Cross to put and be meant that battery discharging has surpassed the final discharging voltage of regulation, storage battery emitted excessive capacity.
Adopt the method for pulse-width modulation to control charging and discharging of accumulator.Pulse control " copped wave " mode is worked, and storage battery is carried out pulse current charge, and when beginning to charge, impulse controller charges with broad pulse, and along with the rising of charging voltage, the charging pulse width narrows down gradually, and mean charging current reduces.When charging voltage reaches preset voltage, the vanishing of charging pulse width, charging finishes.Pulse control is more traditional passes through to detect that accumulator voltage control discharges and recharges is that very big change is all arranged in performance or on efficient.
Discharge and recharge with the single channel constant voltage and to be example, as shown in Figure 1, it mainly is to realize charging and discharging of accumulator is controlled by controller that this kind discharges and recharges control.Adopt the pulse width modulated charging and discharging of accumulator of controlling, the single-chip microcomputer charge control system is by voltage, electric current and the temperature variation in charging process of monitoring lead acid accumulator, when the terminal voltage of storage battery during greater than certain limit value, the width of pulse narrows down gradually, until being zero, just be considered as being full of, stop solar cell to charge in batteries.When the terminal voltage that detects storage battery when controller is lower than certain limit value, the width of pulse just automatically adjusting broaden gradually, solar cell begins to charge in batteries.Because sort circuit is simple in structure, cheap, is most widely used at present.But the rapid rising of charge and discharge voltage or rapid drawdown be to having a strong impact on the useful life of storage battery, and particularly in autonomous system, generally speaking, storage battery only has once facing to the life-span in 2 years to be scrapped in the photo-voltaic power supply practical application.
The voltage of storage battery is subjected to the influence of several factors, for example temperature, humidity etc., and particularly in charging process, the terminal voltage of storage battery can not reflect its capacity well.Staged discharges and recharges that storage battery all directly links to each other with solar cell in the control, and its terminal voltage is restricted by the solar cell terminal voltage, and V0 can not reflect the capacity of storage battery accurately.This outstanding behaviours is for when system's temperature of living in is higher, because the equal temperature influence of terminal voltage of solar panel and storage battery is serious, the solar panels terminal voltage raises with temperature and reduces, accumulator voltage is then just opposite, occurs battery capacity easily less than the phenomenon that but can not charge into (often being referred to as " empty full ").This has influenced the accuracy that battery capacity detects to a great extent, and then has hindered the operate as normal of whole system, causes the significant wastage of the energy.The staged charge and discharge mode can not be realized trickle charge, has caused the significant wastage of the energy, makes that the just not high photovoltaic system cost performance of original efficient is lower.
At above existing problems, this research proposes a kind of novel photovoltaic system at the drawback of storage battery staged charge and discharge mode in the photovoltaic system and discharges and recharges and replace complementary intelligent control technology.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging method, with the group storage battery in the solar energy photovoltaic system, adopting two pool-sizes is 1/2 original system storage battery parallel connection, solar cell carries out the pulse mode charging by charge controller to two Battery packs, at first pulse current charges to a Battery pack, intermittent phase in pulse charges to another group storage battery, so circulation, then the generating of solar cell is utilized fully by 100%, and two group storage batteries can carry out pulsed discharge again simultaneously.
At first carry out positive pulse control charging to being provided with preferential storage battery 1, along with the rising of charging voltage, the charging pulse width narrows down gradually, and mean charging current reduces.When reaching, charging voltage gives when putting voltage, the vanishing of charging pulse width, and storage battery 1 charging finishes, and load is powered.Then controller carries out rp pulse to storage battery 2 and transfers wide charging, simultaneously the charge circuit of closed storage battery 1; When rising in pulse, the voltage of storage battery 2 gives when putting voltage, the vanishing of charging pulse width, and storage battery 2 chargings finish, and the charge circuit of closed storage battery 2 starts the charge circuit of storage battery 1 simultaneously, adopts 2 pairs of loads of storage battery to power.This intelligent pulse current charge mode has been improved the working service condition of storage battery; Electrolysis temperature at night when reducing charging; The conversion efficiency of storage battery when improving charging; Prolong the useful life of battery.
In photovoltaic system independently, the electric energy of generation can not satisfy the demand of user load always, need discharge and recharge control to the energy storage device storage battery according to user's demand with controller.In photovoltaic system, the main effect of controller is: 1. control the battery stores energy.In most of independent photovoltaic system, photovoltaic array production capacity and load electricity consumption are inconsistent, and between the lights or under the situation such as cloudy, photovoltaic array can not provide enough energy and must work the time, be necessary to charging and discharging of accumulator with electric loading.2. to the clamping action of the operating voltage of solar cell.It is very big that the operating characteristic of solar cell is influenced by solar irradiance, temperature etc., when solar module directly connects load, load usually can not be near the best operating point, system effectiveness is low, and controller control storage battery has clamping action to the operating voltage of solar cell, can guarantee that photovoltaic array is near the best operating point.3. starting current is provided.Because be subjected to the restriction of maximum short circuit current, photovoltaic array may not satisfy the needs of the starting current of load, and controller can be controlled storage battery at short notice and makes it provide big electric current to start to load.
The present invention implements by following technical scheme, and Fig. 2,3 is respectively flow process of the present invention rectify figure and intelligent complementary control circuit figure.Comprise solar module [1], storage battery 1 input electronic switch [2], storage battery 2 input electronic switches [3], controller [4], No. 1 batteries [5], No. 2 batteries [6], storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7], storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8], load [9].
The output of described solar module [1] output dc voltage links to each other with the source terminal of storage battery 1 input electronic switch [2], [1] another output links to each other with the source terminal of storage battery 2 input electronic switches [3], the gate terminal of input electronic switch [2] links to each other with a control switch p1 of controller [4], the gate terminal of input electronic switch [3] links to each other with another control switch p2 of controller [4], [2] drain electrode links to each other with the negative pole of storage battery B1, [3] drain electrode links to each other with the negative pole of storage battery B2, output one end ground connection after the positive pole of two storage batterys links to each other, the positive pole of other end access user load, the source terminal of storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7] is connected with the negative pole of storage battery B1, the source terminal of storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8] is connected with the negative pole of storage battery B2, [7] gate terminal links to each other with the output control switch p3 of controller, [8] gate terminal is connected with output control switch p4, the drain electrode end of storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7] links to each other with the load negative pole, the drain electrode end of storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8] links to each other the control switch p5 ground connection of controller with the load negative pole.
The circuit working principle is for as shown in Figure 3.During work, electronic switch Q1 opens, and when solar cell charged to storage battery B1, the output electronic switch Q3 of storage battery B1 closed, this moment electronic switch Q4 to open storage battery B2 be electric; Q2 opens when electronic switch, and solar cell is to storage battery B2 charging, and storage battery B2 output electronic switch Q4 closes, and opens electronic switch Q3 simultaneously, is electric by storage battery B1.Be formed on one and discharge and recharge and a storage battery is always arranged in the cycle, simultaneously, realize the load uninterrupted power supply by the complementary charge and discharge process of the photovoltaic system intelligent of another group storage battery discharge in charging.
Advantage of comparing with known technology and good effect
1), can improve the working service condition of storage battery, for storage battery, adopt pulse current charge side, in whole charging process, reduce the amount of separating out of gas in the charging process, reduce battery acid mist spill-out, alleviate acid mist greatly to the corrosion of various facilities with to the pollution of air ambient.
2), electrolyte temperature rise when reducing charging, be that GGF type or the GFM type battery electrolyte temperature when charging all has strict demand, because the too high quickening electrolyte of electrolyte temperature is to the useful life of the Influence of Evaporation storage battery of pole plate corrosion and electrolyte, what particularly the GFM battery adopted is tight assembly structure, heat dispersion is poor, belong to the lean solution battery again, electrolyte temperature is too high during charging, the evaporation of not only accelerating electrolyte causes the battery dehydration, and can make pole plate cross thermal expansion damage pole plate and casing deformation, the more important thing is that producing the thermal accumlation enhancing makes the battery thermal runaway.
3), capacity conversion efficiency when improving charging, battery is being carried out in the charging process, the electric energy that rectifying installation charges into battery is consumed in three kinds of modes: first kind: electric energy is converted into chemical energy stores; Second kind: produce heat; The third: decomposition water produces gas.Realize the charging purpose for first kind, the two kinds of meaningless consumed powers in back, the generation that the examination of pulse current charge side can effectively suppress to produce heat and gassing, obviously, the electric energy that charges into battery in whole charging process effectively is converted into chemical energy and is stored, thereby improves capacity conversion efficiency when charging.Capacity conversion efficiency formula is as follows:
Capacity conversion efficiency=discharge capacity/charging capacity * 100%
4), help prolonging useful life of storage battery, under intelligent controller control, two group storage batteries are are alternately discharged and recharged, strengthened the utilance of storage battery to greatest extent, reduced the service time of storage battery, prolonged the useful life of storage battery.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional photovoltaic generating system control block diagram; Fig. 2 is a FB(flow block) of the present invention, and 1 is solar module among the figure, and 2 is storage battery 1 input electronic switch, and 3 is storage battery 2 input electronic switches, 4 is controller, and 5 is No. 1 storage battery, and 6 is No. 2 storage batterys, 7 is storage battery 1 output electronic switch, and 8 is storage battery 2 output electronic switches, and 9 are load; Fig. 3 is the intelligent complementary control circuit figure of the present invention; Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 multichannel photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging FB(flow block).
Five, embodiment:
Embodiment one:
Single channel photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging system shown in Fig. 2,3.Its charging modes adopts the PWM pulse width modulation mode, the charge frequency scope is the 30-100 hertz, adopt the 1/2t pulsewidth to open electronic switch Q1 in a charge cycle t, the 1/2t pulsewidth is opened electronic switch Q2, and then solar cell forms the pulse current charge mode to two group storage batteries.
It comprises solar module [1], storage battery 1 input electronic switch [2], storage battery 2 input electronic switches [3], controller [4], No. 1 batteries [5], No. 2 batteries [6], storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7], storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8], load [9].
The output of described solar module [1] output dc voltage links to each other with the source terminal of storage battery 1 input electronic switch [2], [1] another output links to each other with the source terminal of storage battery 2 input electronic switches [3], the gate terminal of input electronic switch [2] links to each other with a control switch p1 of controller [4], the gate terminal of input electronic switch [3] links to each other with another control switch p2 of controller [4], [2] drain electrode links to each other with the negative pole of storage battery B1, [3] drain electrode links to each other with the negative pole of storage battery B2, output one end ground connection after the positive pole of two storage batterys links to each other, the positive pole of other end access user load, the source terminal of storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7] is connected with the negative pole of storage battery B1, the source terminal of storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8] is connected with the negative pole of storage battery B2, [7] gate terminal links to each other with the output control switch p3 of controller, [8] gate terminal is connected with output control switch p4, the drain electrode end of storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7] links to each other with the load negative pole, the drain electrode end of storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8] links to each other the control switch p5 ground connection of controller with the load negative pole.
As shown in Figure 3, during work, electronic switch Q1 opens, and when solar cell charged to storage battery B1, the output electronic switch Q3 of storage battery B1 closed, this moment electronic switch Q4 to open storage battery B2 be electric; Q2 opens when electronic switch, and solar cell is to storage battery B2 charging, and storage battery B2 output electronic switch Q4 closes, and opens electronic switch Q3 simultaneously, is electric by storage battery B1.Be formed on one and discharge and recharge and a storage battery is always arranged in the cycle, simultaneously, realize the load uninterrupted power supply by the complementary charge and discharge process of the photovoltaic system intelligent of another group storage battery discharge in charging.The pulse current charge mode that adopts two group storage batteries to form can at utmost be utilized the generating of solar cell, make storage battery be full of electric weight, and the intermittent phase regroups oxygen that storage battery produces through chemical reaction and hydrogen if having time and is absorbed, concentration polarization and ohmic polarization naturally and understandably are eliminated, thereby alleviated the interior pressure of storage battery, the constant current charge of next round can more successfully be carried out, make storage battery can absorb more electric weight.Intermittent pulse makes storage battery that the reaction time fully be arranged, and has reduced gassing rate, has improved the charging current receptance of storage battery.
Embodiment two: multichannel photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging system, as shown in Figure 4.The parallel connection of multichannel photovoltaic system can improve gross power, reduces cost, and improves cost performance, reduces the energy consumption of photovoltaic electricity in transport process.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of photovoltaic system intelligent complementary control charging/discharging method, it is characterized in that, it is implemented by following technical scheme, with the group storage battery in the solar energy photovoltaic system, adopting two pool-sizes is 1/2 original system storage battery parallel connection, solar cell carries out the pulse mode charging by charge controller to two Battery packs, at first pulse current charges to a Battery pack, intermittent phase in pulse charges to another group storage battery, so circulation, then the generating of solar cell is utilized by 100%, and two group storage batteries can carry out pulsed discharge again simultaneously, form intelligent complementary control charging/discharging
This system comprises solar module [1], storage battery 1 input electronic switch [2], storage battery 2 input electronic switches [3], controller [4], No. 1 batteries [5], No. 2 batteries [6], storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7], storage battery 2 output electronic switch [8] and loads [9]
The output of described solar module [1] output dc voltage links to each other with the source terminal of storage battery 1 input electronic switch [2], [1] another output links to each other with the source terminal of storage battery 2 input electronic switches [3], the gate terminal of input electronic switch [2] links to each other with a control switch p1 of controller [4], the gate terminal of input electronic switch [3] links to each other with another control switch p2 of controller [4], [2] drain electrode links to each other with the negative pole of storage battery B1, [3] drain electrode links to each other with the negative pole of storage battery B2, output one end ground connection after the positive pole of two storage batterys links to each other, the positive pole of other end access user load, the source terminal of storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7] is connected with the negative pole of storage battery B1, the source terminal of storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8] is connected with the negative pole of storage battery B2, [7] gate terminal links to each other with the output control switch p3 of controller, [8] gate terminal is connected with output control switch p4, the drain electrode end of storage battery 1 output electronic switch [7] links to each other with the load negative pole, the drain electrode end of storage battery 2 output electronic switches [8] links to each other with the load negative pole, the control switch p5 ground connection of controller
During work, electronic switch Q1 opens, when solar cell charges to storage battery B1, the output electronic switch Q3 of storage battery B1 closes, this moment electronic switch Q4 to open storage battery B2 be electric, Q2 opens when electronic switch, solar cell charges to storage battery B2, storage battery B2 output electronic switch Q4 closes, opening electronic switch Q3 simultaneously, is electric by storage battery B1, be formed on one discharge and recharge always have in the cycle storage battery the charging, by the complementary charge and discharge process of the photovoltaic system intelligent of another group storage battery discharge, realize the load uninterrupted power supply simultaneously.
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