CN101238990B - 带麦克风的导管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及带麦克风的导管。一种侵入式医学探测器,包括:插入管,具有用于插入患者体腔内的远端;金属材料,置于插入管的远侧尖端之上,且从远侧尖端延伸以覆盖一部分所述远端;以及声音传感器,完全包含于被金属材料覆盖的一部分插入管远端之内。
Description
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种侵入式医疗设备,更特别地涉及探测器中声音传感器的使用,例如插入患者体内的导管。
背景技术
专利文献中已经提出了在心脏导管内使用声音传感器。例如,美国专利US2,949,910,其公开内容包含在此作为参考,描述了一种包括电-声音传感器元件的“心音”导管,以转换心脏内的各种声音。导管由塑胶管制成,其远端被塑胶材料密封。
美国专利US6,709,432,其公开内容包含在此作为参考,描述了使用声音监控器探测组织切除过程中切除电极和/或凹陷形成的不稳定性。声音切除导管包括切除电极和探测传感器,探测传感器优选的是声音探测元件,例如接触麦克风。在一实施例中,所述麦克风与切除电极的内表面声音耦合。麦克风产生一个在切除过程中探测的表示声音能量的传感器信号,包括表示基于心脏声音(例如心脏瓣膜关闭和血流)的由心脏产生的分量和表示由切除过程(例如细胞的爆炸和导管碰撞到心脏内壁)产生的声音的切除分量。声音分析被用于从传感器信号中除去由心脏产生的分量,以获得切除过程的声谱。
Kotini等人在“在使用心音描记法的射频切除术中的微泡形成的探测,”Europace 8(2006),第333-335页描述了使用声音信号来监视组织切除术的实验,其公开内容包含在此作为参考。作者发现,由于过度的组织加热而出现的爆炸“砰砰”声,可能先于微泡形成的特征声音信号。
发明内容
发明人发现,当探测器远端的声音传感器完全包含于覆盖探测器远端的金属材料中时,该声音传感器几乎专有地从金属材料与其接触的组织接收声音。环境声(例如心脏内的心脏瓣膜和血流造成的)由于金属材料而被强烈衰减。因此,当探测器被用于切除手术中时,例如,声音传感器可被用于监测由切除过程本身造成的声音,而无需通过声音分析来除去环境声。
依照本发明的一个实施例,提供一种侵入式医学探测器,包括:
插入管,具有用于插入患者体腔内的远端,该远端终止于远侧尖端;
金属材料,置于插入管的远侧尖端之上,且从远侧尖端延伸以覆盖一部分所述远端;以及
声音传感器,完全包含于被金属材料覆盖的一部分插入管远端之内。
在一些实施例中,插入管包括柔性绝缘材料,且金属材料构造成作为电极。通常,该插入管具有近端,还包括布置于从近端至远端的缆线,耦合所述缆线以提供射频(RF)功率给金属材料以施加到组织,藉此所述组织在体腔内与金属材料接触。插入管也可构造成通过患者血管经过皮肤插入到心室。
在已公开的实施例中,其中被金属材料覆盖的远端部分从该插入管远侧尖端向近端延伸至少2mm。
依照本发明的实施例,还提供一种医学治疗装置,包括:
侵入式医学探测器,其包括:
插入管,具有用于插入患者体腔内的近端和远端,所述远端终止于远侧尖端;
金属材料,置于插入管的远侧尖端之上,且从远侧尖端延伸以覆盖一部分远端;
声音传感器,完全包含于被金属材料覆盖的一部分插入管远端之内;以及
缆线,布置于插入管内部的近端到远端,在远端耦合所述金属材料和声音传感器;
射频(RF)发生器,与缆线耦合,以提供RF功率给用于组织切除的金属材料,藉此所述组织在体腔内与金属材料接触;以及
声音处理器,与缆线耦合,以接收和处理由声音传感器产生的声音信号,从而提供所述切除的指示。
在已公开的实施例中,该插入管构造成通过患者血管经过皮肤插入到心室,其中该声音处理器构造成提供所述切除的指示,而无需通过滤除声音信号来去除由心脏正常活动产生的环境声。通常,该切除的指示是指示选自下面一组现象中的现象:在组织中成洞和插入管远侧尖端与所述组织之间的间歇接触。
在一实施例中,其中通过声音处理器生成的该切除的指示包括放大的声音信号,且所述装置包括声音输出设备,耦合所述声音输出设备以向装置的操作者播放放大的声音信号。
依照本发明的一个实施例,更进一步提供一种医学治疗方法,包括:
将探测器插进患者的体腔,该探测器包括:具有近端和终止于远侧尖端的远端的插入管;被置于插入管的远侧尖端之上且从远侧尖端延伸以覆盖一部分远端的金属材料;以及完全包含于被金属材料覆盖的一部分插入管远端之内的声音传感器;
将探测器的远侧尖端放入体腔内组织以与其接触;
提供射频(RF)功率给金属材料,以切除与该远侧尖端相接触的组织;
接收和处理由声音传感器产生的声音信号,从而提供组织切除的指示。
结合附图,从下述的实施例的详细描述中,本发明将得到更为全面的理解。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的一个实施例,基于导管的医疗系统的示意性图例说明;以及
图2是依照本发明的一个实施例,导管的远侧尖端与心肌组织接触的示意性详细视图。
具体实施方式
依照本发明的一个实施例,图1是用于心脏导管插入术的系统18的示意性图例说明。系统18可以基于,例如,由Biosense WebsterInc.(Diamond Bar,Califomia)制造的CARTOTM系统。该系统包括以导管20和控制台24形式的侵入式探测器。备选地,本发明的原理可以通过其他心脏导管以及其他种类的侵入式探测器实现。
导管20包括插入管22,其远端30被设计为穿过血管系统且进入心脏的腔室。通常,该插入管包括柔性的绝缘材料,如Celcon或Teflon。导管的远端30被电极32覆盖,电极32通常由金属材料制造,例如,铂/铱合金,且从导管的远侧尖端34延伸于一部分远端之上。备选地,对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,也可以使用其他适合的材料。发明人已经发现,电极层大约300μm厚,且从远侧尖端延伸出至少2mm的长度,通常约4mm时,在近端方向上切除和声音屏蔽方面都具有很好的效果,但是也可以使用更大的或更小的厚度和长度。
通常,导管20通过合适的连接器在其近端与控制台24连接。控制台包括射频(RF)发生器36,其经由导管提供高频电能给电极32。系统18的操作者通常控制导管的手柄38以控制体腔(例如心脏的心室)内的远端30,以使电极32与目标组织接触。由电极携带的该电能被用于切除该目标组织。本领域众所周知的是,通常使用心脏内该种类的切除以治疗心律不齐。备选地,导管可以被用于(加以必要的变更)心脏或其他人体器官内的其他治疗和/或诊断目的。
图2是依照本发明的一个实施例,插入管22的远侧尖端34与心肌组织50接触的示意性详细视图。如该图所示,远端30包括微型声音传感器52,例如麦克风。用于此目的的合适的传感器包括DigiSiMic麦克风(型号TC100Z21A)或SiMic麦克风(型号TC200Z03F),其尺寸为2.3×1.6×0.86mm,由Sonion(Roskilde,Denmark)制造;或全向驻极体麦克风(型号FG-3329),其尺寸为2.59mm外径×2.59mm高,由KnowlesAcoustics(Itasca,Illinois)制造。备选地,可以使用任何其他合适种类的声音传感器,如上述引证的专利文献中描述的那些声音传感器。
传感器52通过穿过插入管22的缆线54耦合于控制台24内的声音处理器40(图2)(在图2所示的实施例中,缆线包括多个导体,所述多个导体包括用于从RF发生器36向电极32传输电能的电线)。声音处理器通常包括模拟放大电路,且可以包括附加模拟和/或数字信号处理部件,用于滤除和可能地分析传感器52输出的声音信号。备选地,某些放大、滤除、以及甚至数字处理部件可以与声音传感器一起包含在导管20中。
在心肌切除过程中,应该仔细地控制导管20,以实现治疗目的且避免心脏组织的额外伤害。例如,如果切除点附近的温度升高太多,则通过最终的成洞而形成的气泡可能爆炸,从而吹出坑或甚至穿过心脏壁的洞。另一个例子,如果导管并不是紧密地压于目标组织,则RF切除能量将耗散在周围的血液中,且将不会达到理想的切除目的。
由传感器52采集的声音信号可以为切除治疗中可能出现的问题现象提供早期指示。这些信号因此通过声音处理器40而被放大且任选地被滤波,之后传递该信号给声音输出设备42,如扬声器或听筒。例如,导管尖端附近的成洞引起咝咝声,这明显地是由于形成气泡造成的。在听到这样的咝咝声后(或咝咝声强度的增加),操作者可以选择减小由RF发生器36提供的电功率,因此避免额外的可能导致爆炸的成洞。如另一例子,如果远侧尖端34没有紧密地压于心肌,传感器52将采集由于远侧尖端和心肌间歇性接触而产生的周期性撞击声。在该情况下,操作者可以使得导管前进因此实现合适的接触,从而基本上撞击声可以消失或至少减少。
如上所述,电极32的金属材料滤除了由于心脏正常动作生成的环境声。然而,与电极接触的组织50中的局部声音未经强烈衰减而送至传感器52。所以,由于传感器被完整地包含在电极32覆盖的远端30的一部分内,因此不需要声音处理器40滤除周围心脏声音以提供基于局部声音的切除过程的指示。避免该种滤除简化了声音处理器的结构和编程,提高了由声音输出设备42播放的声音的保真度。
额外或备选地,声音处理器40可以自动分析由传感器52输出的声音信号,以检测局部声音,如咝咝声和撞击。例如,处理器40可以基于在上述提及的Kotini等人文章中描述的声音特征执行自动分析。在该情况下,如果声音处理器检测这些声音音量在特定阈值水平之上,则可以输出听得见的和/或可视的警报,例如在显示屏44上。
上述实施例通过举例的方法而被引证,但本发明并不受限于上述部分展示和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上述描述的多种特征的组合和子组合,也包括本领域技术人员在读取在前描述后可能实施的以及现有技术中未公开的变形和修正。
Claims (10)
1.一种侵入式医学探测器,包括:
插入管,具有用于插入患者体腔内的远端,该远端终止于远侧尖端;
金属材料,置于插入管的远侧尖端之上,且从远侧尖端延伸以覆盖一部分所述远端;以及
声音传感器,完全包含于被金属材料覆盖的一部分插入管远端之内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的探测器,其中该插入管包括柔性绝缘材料,且其中金属材料构造成作为电极。
3.根据权利要求2所述的探测器,其中该插入管具有近端,还包括布置于从近端至远端的缆线,耦合所述缆线以提供射频(RF)功率给金属材料以施加到组织,所述组织在体腔内与金属材料接触。
4.根据权利要求1所述的探测器,其中该插入管构造成通过患者血管经过皮肤插入到心室。
5.根据权利要求1所述的探测器,其中被金属材料覆盖的远端部分从该插入管远侧尖端向近端延伸至少2mm。
6.一种医学治疗装置,包括:
侵入式医学探测器,其包括:
插入管,具有用于插入患者体腔内的近端和远端,所述远端终止于远侧尖端;
金属材料,置于插入管的远侧尖端之上,且从远侧尖端延伸以覆盖一部分远端;
声音传感器,完全包含于被金属材料覆盖的一部分插入管远端之内;以及
缆线,布置于插入管内部的近端到远端,在远端耦合所述金属材料和声音传感器;
射频(RF)发生器,与缆线耦合,以提供RF功率给用于组织切除的金属材料,所述组织在体腔内与金属材料接触;以及
声音处理器,与缆线耦合,以接收和处理由声音传感器产生的声音信号,从而提供所述切除的指示。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置,其中该插入管构造成通过患者血管经过皮肤插入到心室。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其中该声音处理器构造成提供所述切除的指示,而无需通过滤除声音信号来去除由心脏正常活动产生的环境声。
9.如权利要求6所述的装置,其中该切除的指示是指示选自下面一组现象中的现象:在组织中成洞和插入管远侧尖端与所述组织之间的间歇接触。
10.如权利要求6所述的装置,其中通过声音处理器生成的该切除的指示包括放大的声音信号,且所述装置包括声音输出设备,耦合所述声音输出设备以向装置的操作者播放放大的声音信号。
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EP (1) | EP1946717A1 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN101238990B (zh) |
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MX2008000863A (es) | 2009-02-24 |
CA2618940A1 (en) | 2008-07-18 |
BRPI0800054A (pt) | 2008-09-02 |
EP1946717A1 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
JP5202967B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
CN101238990A (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
AU2008200222A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US20080177258A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
AU2008200222B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
KR20080068570A (ko) | 2008-07-23 |
JP2008246189A (ja) | 2008-10-16 |
IL188842A (en) | 2013-10-31 |
CA2618940C (en) | 2019-03-26 |
IL188842A0 (en) | 2008-11-03 |
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