CN101221031A - Novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer and its precision regulation method - Google Patents
Novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer and its precision regulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101221031A CN101221031A CNA2008100195362A CN200810019536A CN101221031A CN 101221031 A CN101221031 A CN 101221031A CN A2008100195362 A CNA2008100195362 A CN A2008100195362A CN 200810019536 A CN200810019536 A CN 200810019536A CN 101221031 A CN101221031 A CN 101221031A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel high precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument and an accuracy regulating method thereof. The measuring instrument comprises a seat, a rotary dimple clamp arranged on the seat and a vertical column arranged at one side of the dimple clamp on the seat. A sliding block which can slide up and down is arranged on the vertical column. An up-and-down regulating and locking mechanism is arranged on the sliding block and the vertical column. A rotary arm is arranged on the sliding block, a measuring head is arranged on the rotary arm and the measuring head is rightly positioned above the dimple clamp. The method is suitable for measuring the sphericity and diameter of spheres with different diameters, and the method can measure both internal and external spherical surfaces by changing rotary arms, with high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of surveying instrument, specifically is a kind of high-precision sphere surveying instrument.
Background technology
Spheroid is very important basic body in the machinery, and high-precision sphere is widely used in the various precision instrument and equipments on Aero-Space, the defence equipment etc.The geometric definition sphere is to the set of fixed point distance for the point of constant in the three dimensions, but actual sphere is discrepant with the ideal spherical face of definition geometrically, Global Error that Here it is, it is the overall target that a reflection actual sphere departs from ideal spherical face size degree.Correlative study shows that Global Error brings very macro-energy loss not only for various exact instrument, causes the thermal deformation of structural feature, and also the usability to instrument produces a very large impact.Therefore the detection of Global Error is most important, but the scientific research personnel of various countries is being perplexed in the high-accuracy measurement of sphericity always.Since nineteen seventies, external many scholars propose and have developed the measurement mechanism of corresponding high-accuracy sphericity error, and the Global Error high precision measuring device of China is scarcely out of swaddling-clothes at present.
The high-precision measuring method of spheroid parameter mainly contains three-dimensional coordinates measurement method, roundness measuring equipment mensuration, geometric method etc. at present.Coordinate survey is decided the centre of sphere at 4 according to the measurement of coordinates principle, thereby determines the radius of ball, detects requirement yet the measuring accuracy of measuring machine not only can not satisfy high-precision Global Error, and measuring machine costs an arm and a leg, and complicated operation is not suitable for measurement in enormous quantities.The roundness measuring equipment mensuration is that tested ball and unit clamp are placed on the worktable of roundness measuring equipment together, with ball repeatedly transposition on bearing, evaluates Global Error in the circularity of each position measurement equatorial circle during measurement.Repeatedly transposition during measurement, causing choosing of equatorial circle is at random, influences measuring accuracy, and roundness measuring equipment costs an arm and a leg, and can only measure sphericity, not the energy measurement sphere diameter.Geometric measurement method is the portable instrument based measurement, by the height that detects a certain sector on the ball problem of three-dimensional ball is converted into the solid geometry problem, this method is to evaluate Global Error by a certain local sector on the ball, choosing the measuring accuracy influence of measuring position is bigger, and the ball surface produces local juxtaposition metamorphose under the dynamometry effect when measuring, and influences measuring accuracy.
Choosing of above-mentioned measuring method measurement point all has randomness, its common drawback is: gauge head the motion or spheroid in the transposition process, the centre of sphere of gained moves in variation, be that each measuring point gained radius is not from same point, just so-called " not being in the mood for " is so exist the bigger errors of principles.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcoming of above measuring method, the invention provides novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer and precision regulation method thereof, both energy measurement sphere diameters, energy measurement Global Error again, and be applicable to the measurement of inside and outside spherical surface.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer, it is characterized in that including base, vertical rotating shaft system is installed on the base constitutes turntable, vertical rotating shaft is fastened awl nest anchor clamps is installed, base epicone nest anchor clamps one side is equipped with column, slide block can slide up and down on the described column, the mechanism that adjusts up and down and lock is arranged on slide block and the column, feathering axis system is installed on the described slide block, feathering axis is fastened pivot arm is installed, the high precision gauge head is installed on the described pivot arm, and described vertical rotating shaft system is a perpendicular quadrature with feathering axis, described gauge head be positioned at awl nest anchor clamps directly over.
Described novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer is characterized in that the gauge head installed on the described pivot arm points to the centre of sphere or the centre of sphere dorsad, is respectively applied for and measures spherical outside surface or Internal Spherical Surface.
The precision regulation method of described novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer is characterized in that comprising:
When (1), measuring spherical outside surface, the gauge head adjustment in the horizontal direction and the adjustment of vertical direction, being adjusted into of horizontal direction: when the survey external diameter is the spherical outside surface of 2R, at first with the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be 2R of high-precision gauge block, be placed on the awl nest, make gauge head in the horizontal direction repeated measurement gauge block group two ends two workplaces, by the position of adjustment gauge block group and the clamping position of gauge head, make that at last gauge head is zero at the measured value of two workplaces of gauge block group, this expression gauge head is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; Being adjusted into of vertical direction: when the measurement external diameter is the spherical outside surface of 2R, at first stacking a length is D gauge block group, it vertically is placed on the last plane of awl nest, adjust the slide position, make gauge head measure the upper surface of gauge block group in plumbness, the indicating value of gauge head is d, adjusts the position of slide block repeatedly, make the length D of gauge block group and the indicating value d of gauge head to satisfy, represent the vertical adjustment of gauge head this moment accurately:
D+d＝H
R is the spherical outside surface radius of tested spheroid in the formula, the distance on the H plane that is the spherical outside surface peak to the awl nest, and h is the degree of depth of awl nest, α is awl nest cone angle;
When (2), measuring Internal Spherical Surface, the gauge head adjustment in the horizontal direction and the adjustment of vertical direction, being adjusted into of horizontal direction: when the mensuration internal diameter is the Internal Spherical Surface of 2R, at first clamp the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be 2R of high-precision gauge block with gauge block, be placed on the awl nest, make gauge head in the horizontal direction repeated measurement gauge block folder two ends two workplaces, by the position of adjustment gauge block folder and the clamping position of gauge head, make that at last gauge head is zero at two workplace measured values of gauge block folder, this expression gauge head is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; Being adjusted into of vertical direction: when the measurement internal diameter is the Internal Spherical Surface of 2R, at first clamp the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be D of high-precision gauge block with gauge block, they vertically are placed on the last plane of awl nest, adjust the slide position, make gauge head plumbness measure the gauge block folder on workplace, the indicating value of gauge head is d, adjusts the position of slide block repeatedly, make the length D of gauge block group and the indicating value d of gauge head to satisfy, represent the vertical adjustment of gauge head this moment accurately:
D+d＝H-m
R in the formula
InBe the nominal radius of a ball of tested Internal Spherical Surface, R is the radius of its spherical outside surface, and H is that Internal Spherical Surface is the highest
Point is to the distance of awl nest upper surface, and h is the degree of depth of awl nest, and m is the thickness of gauge block folder pinch, and α is awl nest cone angle.
The gauge head clamping also can rotate around the horizontal shafting rotation center with it on pivot arm, horizontal shafting can be done and adjust motion up and down, tested spheroid uses awl nest anchor clamps clamping to fix, awl nest anchor clamps are fixed on the vertical shaft series turntable, during measurement, tested spheroid rotates around vertical shaft series realizes the parallel transposition, and gauge head rotates around horizontal shafting realizes the warp measurement.
Geometry is defined as semicircle to sphere around its formed surface, diameter one week back, also is to the set of fixed point distance for the point of constant in the three dimensions.Sphere is synthetic by two gyrations, the present invention mainly contains two perpendicular high-accuracy system, gauge head system and data processing etc. and partly forms, the sphere diameter and the sphericity that are applicable to the different-diameter spheroid are measured, and can measure inside and outside spherical surface by changing pivot arm, and precision is very high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an organization plan synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 1 (a) is for surveying the spherical outside surface structural drawing, and Fig. 1 (b) is for surveying the Internal Spherical Surface structural drawing
Structural drawing when Fig. 2 carries out the adjustment of gauge head horizontal direction for the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is for surveying the spherical outside surface signal, and Fig. 2 (b) is for surveying the Internal Spherical Surface signal
Structural drawing when Fig. 3 carries out the adjustment of gauge head vertical direction for the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is for surveying the spherical outside surface signal, and Fig. 3 (b) is for surveying the Internal Spherical Surface signal
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1.Novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer, include base 1, it is 8 that vertical rotating shaft is installed on the base 1, vertical rotating shaft 8 constitutes turntable structure, its upper end is equipped with awl nest anchor clamps 2, base epicone nest anchor clamps 2 one sides are equipped with column 3, slide block 4 can slide up and down on the described column 3, slide block 4 has with column 3 to be adjusted up and down and latch mechanism 5, on the described slide block 4 feathering axis being installed is 9, described feathering axis is that pivot arm 6 is installed on 9, on the described pivot arm 6 gauge head 7 is installed, described gauge head 7 be positioned at awl nest anchor clamps 2 directly over.Described gauge head is the high precision gauge head, and described awl nest anchor clamps awl base angle degree is 120 °, and described pivot arm 6 can be changed with the different of Internal Spherical Surface according to measuring spherical outside surface.
In order to guarantee that gauge head all uses in measurement range, adjust the clamping position of gauge head on pivot arm when measuring the spheroid of different-diameter, the method for adjustment division is as follows:
(1), when measuring spherical outside surface, the gauge head adjustment in the horizontal direction and the adjustment of vertical direction:
Being adjusted into of horizontal direction, referring to Fig. 2 (a): when surveying external diameter and being the spherical outside surface of 2R, at first with the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be 2R of high-precision gauge block, be placed on the awl nest, make gauge head in the horizontal direction repeated measurement gauge block group two ends two workplaces, by the position of adjustment gauge block group and the clamping position of gauge head, make that at last gauge head is zero at the measured value of two workplaces of gauge block group, this expression gauge head is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction;
Being adjusted into of vertical direction, referring to Fig. 3 (a): when measuring external diameter and being the spherical outside surface of 2R, at first stacking a length is D gauge block group, it vertically is placed on the last plane of awl nest, adjusts the slide position, make gauge head measure the upper surface of gauge block group in plumbness, the indicating value of gauge head is d, adjust the position of slide block repeatedly, make the length D of gauge block group and the indicating value d of gauge head to satisfy, represent the vertical adjustment of gauge head this moment accurately:
D+d＝H
R is the spherical outside surface radius of tested spheroid in the formula, and H is the distance of spherical outside surface peak to awl nest upper surface, and h is the degree of depth of awl nest, and α is awl nest cone angle.
(2), when measuring Internal Spherical Surface, the gauge head adjustment in the horizontal direction and the adjustment of vertical direction:
Being adjusted into of horizontal direction, referring to Fig. 2 (b): when measuring internal diameter and being the Internal Spherical Surface of 2R, at first clamp the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be 2R of high-precision gauge block with gauge block, be placed on the awl nest, make gauge head in the horizontal direction repeated measurement gauge block folder two ends two workplaces, by the position of adjustment gauge block folder and the clamping position of gauge head, make that at last gauge head is zero at two workplace measured values of gauge block folder, this expression gauge head is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction;
Being adjusted into of vertical direction, referring to Fig. 3 (b): when measuring internal diameter and being the Internal Spherical Surface of 2R, at first clamp the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be D of high-precision gauge block with gauge block, they vertically are placed on the last plane of awl nest, adjust the slide position, make gauge head plumbness measure that gauge block presss from both sides on workplace, the indicating value of gauge head is d, adjust the position of slide block repeatedly, make the length D of gauge block group and the indicating value d of gauge head to satisfy, represent the vertical adjustment of gauge head this moment accurately:
D+d＝H-m
R in the formula
InBe the nominal radius of a ball of tested Internal Spherical Surface, R is the radius of its spherical outside surface, and H is the distance of Internal Spherical Surface peak to awl nest upper surface, and h is the degree of depth of awl nest, and m is the thickness of gauge block folder pinch, and α is awl nest cone angle.
Claims (3)
1. novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer, it is characterized in that including base, vertical rotating shaft system is installed on the base constitutes turntable, vertical rotating shaft is fastened awl nest anchor clamps is installed, base epicone nest anchor clamps one side is equipped with column, slide block can slide up and down on the described column, the mechanism that adjusts up and down and lock is arranged on slide block and the column, feathering axis system is installed on the described slide block, feathering axis is fastened pivot arm is installed, the high precision gauge head is installed on the described pivot arm, and described vertical rotating shaft system is a perpendicular quadrature with feathering axis, described gauge head be positioned at awl nest anchor clamps directly over.
2. novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gauge head installed on the described pivot arm points to the centre of sphere or the centre of sphere dorsad, is respectively applied for and measures spherical outside surface or Internal Spherical Surface.
3. the precision regulation method of novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measurer according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising:
When (1), measuring spherical outside surface, the gauge head adjustment in the horizontal direction and the adjustment of vertical direction, being adjusted into of horizontal direction: when the survey external diameter is the spherical outside surface of 2R, at first with the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be 2R of high-precision gauge block, be placed on the awl nest, make gauge head in the horizontal direction repeated measurement gauge block group two ends two workplaces, by the position of adjustment gauge block group and the clamping position of gauge head, make that at last gauge head is zero at the measured value of two workplaces of gauge block group, this expression gauge head is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; Being adjusted into of vertical direction: when the measurement external diameter is the spherical outside surface of 2R, at first stacking a length is D gauge block group, it vertically is placed on the last plane of awl nest, adjust the slide position, make gauge head measure the upper surface of gauge block group in plumbness, the indicating value of gauge head is d, adjusts the position of slide block repeatedly, make the length D of gauge block group and the indicating value d of gauge head to satisfy, represent the vertical adjustment of gauge head this moment accurately:
D+d＝H
R is the spherical outside surface radius of tested spheroid in the formula, the distance on the H plane that is the spherical outside surface peak to the awl nest, and h is the degree of depth of awl nest, α is awl nest cone angle;
When (2), measuring Internal Spherical Surface, the gauge head adjustment in the horizontal direction and the adjustment of vertical direction, being adjusted into of horizontal direction: when the mensuration internal diameter is the Internal Spherical Surface of 2R, at first clamp the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be 2R of high-precision gauge block with gauge block, be placed on the awl nest, make gauge head in the horizontal direction repeated measurement gauge block folder two ends two workplaces, by the position of adjustment gauge block folder and the clamping position of gauge head, make that at last gauge head is zero at two workplace measured values of gauge block folder, this expression gauge head is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; Being adjusted into of vertical direction: when the measurement internal diameter is the Internal Spherical Surface of 2R, at first clamp the folded gauge block group that to line up a length be D of high-precision gauge block with gauge block, they vertically are placed on the last plane of awl nest, adjust the slide position, make gauge head plumbness measure the gauge block folder on workplace, the indicating value of gauge head is d, adjusts the position of slide block repeatedly, make the length D of gauge block group and the indicating value d of gauge head to satisfy, represent the vertical adjustment of gauge head this moment accurately:
D+d＝H-m
R in the formula
InBe the nominal radius of a ball of tested Internal Spherical Surface, R is the radius of its spherical outside surface, and H is the distance of Internal Spherical Surface peak to awl nest upper surface, and h is the degree of depth of awl nest, and m is the thickness of gauge block folder pinch, and α is awl nest cone angle.
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| CN102944164A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-02-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method suitable for measuring sphericity of large-size gas floating ball |
| CN103604352A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-02-26 | 苏州道森钻采设备股份有限公司 | Sphere roundness measurement instrument |
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