CN101221031A - New high-precision spherical multi-parameter measuring instrument and its precision adjustment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel high precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument and an accuracy regulating method thereof. The measuring instrument comprises a seat, a rotary dimple clamp arranged on the seat and a vertical column arranged at one side of the dimple clamp on the seat. A sliding block which can slide up and down is arranged on the vertical column. An up-and-down regulating and locking mechanism is arranged on the sliding block and the vertical column. A rotary arm is arranged on the sliding block, a measuring head is arranged on the rotary arm and the measuring head is rightly positioned above the dimple clamp. The method is suitable for measuring the sphericity and diameter of spheres with different diameters, and the method can measure both internal and external spherical surfaces by changing rotary arms, with high accuracy.

Description

New high-precision spherical multi-parameter measuring instrument and its precision adjustment method

technical field

The invention belongs to a measuring instrument, in particular to a high-precision sphere measuring instrument.

Background technique

The sphere is a very important basic shape in machinery. High-precision spheres are widely used in various precision instruments and equipment in aerospace and national defense equipment. Geometry defines a sphere as a collection of points whose distance to a fixed point is a constant in three-dimensional space, but the actual sphere is different from the ideal sphere defined in geometry. This is the spherical error, which is a reflection of the deviation of the actual sphere from the ideal sphere. A composite indicator of size. Relevant studies have shown that the sphericity error not only brings a lot of energy loss to various precision instruments, causes thermal deformation of the structure, but also has a great impact on the performance of the instrument. Therefore, the detection of sphericity error is very important, but the high-precision measurement of sphericity has been perplexing researchers from all over the world. Since the 1970s, many foreign scholars have proposed and developed corresponding high-precision measuring devices for spherical errors, but the high-precision measuring devices for spherical errors in my country are still in their infancy.

At present, the high-precision measurement methods of sphere parameters mainly include three-coordinate measurement method, roundness meter measurement method, geometric method and so on. The coordinate measurement method is based on the principle of coordinate measurement, and the center of the sphere is determined at 4 points, so as to determine the radius of the sphere. However, the measurement accuracy of the measuring machine can not meet the high-precision spherical error detection requirements, and the measuring machine is expensive and complicated to operate, which is not suitable for large Batch measurement. The roundness meter measurement method is to put the ball under test and the special fixture together on the workbench of the roundness meter, turn the ball on the support several times during the measurement, and measure the roundness of the equatorial circle at each position to evaluate the ball degree error. It must be indexed many times during the measurement, resulting in the random selection of the equatorial circle, which affects the measurement accuracy, and the roundness meter is expensive, and can only measure the sphericity, not the diameter of the sphere. The geometric measurement method is the basis of portable instrument measurement. By detecting the height of a certain sector on the sphere, the problem of the three-dimensional sphere is transformed into a three-dimensional geometric problem. The selection of has a great influence on the measurement accuracy, and the surface of the ball produces local contact deformation under the action of the force during measurement, which affects the measurement accuracy.

The selection of the measurement points of the above measurement methods is random, and their common disadvantage is that the center of the sphere obtained is changing and moving during the movement of the probe or the inversion of the sphere, that is, the radius obtained by each measurement point does not start from the same point , which is the so-called "unintentional", so there is a large principle error.

Contents of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the above measurement methods, the present invention provides a new type of high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument and its precision adjustment method, which can not only measure the diameter of the sphere, but also measure the sphericity error, and is suitable for the measurement of the inner and outer spheres.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The new high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument is characterized in that it includes a base, on which a vertical rotating shaft is installed to form a turntable, on which a cone dimple clamp is installed, and a column is installed on one side of the cone dimple clamp on the base, so There is a slider on the column that can slide up and down, and a mechanism for adjusting and locking up and down on the slider and the column. The slider is equipped with a horizontal rotation shaft system, and a rotating arm is installed on the horizontal rotation shaft system. A high-precision measuring head is installed on the rotating arm, the vertical rotating shaft system is perpendicular to the horizontal rotating shaft system, and the measuring head is located directly above the cone socket fixture.

The new high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument is characterized in that the measuring head installed on the rotating arm points to the center of the sphere or faces away from the center of the sphere, and is used to measure the outer spherical surface or the inner spherical surface respectively.

The accuracy adjustment method of the novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument is characterized in that it includes:

(1) When measuring the outer spherical surface, the adjustment of the probe in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the adjustment in the horizontal direction is: when measuring the outer spherical surface with an outer diameter of 2R, first use high-precision gauge blocks to form a length It is a 2R gauge block group, placed on the cone socket, so that the probe repeatedly measures the two working surfaces at both ends of the gauge block group in the horizontal direction, by adjusting the position of the gauge block group and the clamping position of the probe, finally make The measurement value of the probe on the two working surfaces of the gauge block group is zero, which means that the probe is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; the adjustment in the vertical direction is: when measuring an outer spherical surface with an outer diameter of 2R, first stack a length D For the gauge block group, place it vertically on the upper plane of the cone socket, adjust the position of the slider so that the probe measures the upper surface of the gauge block group in a vertical state, the indication value of the probe is d, and adjust the position of the slider repeatedly, So that the length D of the gauge block group and the indication value d of the probe should meet, at this time, it means that the vertical adjustment of the probe is accurate:

D+d=H

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}$

In the formula, R is the radius of the outer spherical surface of the measured sphere, H is the distance from the highest point of the outer spherical surface to the upper plane of the cone, h is the depth of the cone, and α is the cone angle of the cone;

(2) When measuring the inner spherical surface, the adjustment of the measuring head in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the adjustment in the horizontal direction is: when measuring the inner spherical surface with an inner diameter of 2R, first use the gauge block to clamp the high-precision gauge block stack Form a gauge block group with a length of 2R and place it on the cone socket so that the probe can repeatedly measure the two working surfaces at both ends of the gauge block clamp in the horizontal direction. By adjusting the position of the gauge block clamp and the clamping position of the probe , and finally make the measured value of the probe on the two working surfaces of the gauge block clamp be zero, which means that the probe is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; the adjustment in the vertical direction is: when measuring an inner spherical surface with an inner diameter of 2R, first clamp it with the gauge block The high-precision gauge blocks are stacked to form a gauge block group with a length of D, and they are placed vertically on the upper plane of the cone socket, and the position of the slider is adjusted so that the measuring head measures the upper working surface of the gauge block clamp in a vertical state, and measures The indication value of the probe is d, and the position of the slider is adjusted repeatedly, so that the length D of the gauge block group and the indication value d of the probe should meet, which means that the vertical adjustment of the probe is accurate:

D+d=H-m

In the formula, R _is the nominal radius of the inner sphere to be tested, R is the radius of the outer sphere, and H is the highest diameter of the inner sphere.

The distance from the point to the upper surface of the cone, h is the depth of the cone, m is the thickness of the clamping feet of the gauge block, and α is the cone angle of the cone.

The measuring head is clamped on the rotating arm and can rotate with it around the rotation center of the horizontal axis system. The horizontal axis system can be adjusted up and down. The measured ball is clamped and fixed by the cone socket fixture, and the cone socket fixture is fixed on the vertical axis system turntable. , during measurement, the measured sphere rotates around the vertical axis to achieve latitude indexing, and the probe rotates around the horizontal axis to achieve longitude measurement.

Geometry defines a sphere as a surface formed by a semicircle around its diameter, that is, a collection of points whose distance to a fixed point is constant in three-dimensional space. The spherical surface is synthesized by double rotary motion. The present invention is mainly composed of two vertical and orthogonal high-precision shaft systems, a measuring head system and data processing. Both inner and outer spherical surfaces can be measured with high precision.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural scheme of the present invention.

Figure 1(a) is the structure diagram of measuring the outer sphere, and Figure 1(b) is the structure diagram of measuring the inner sphere

Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the present invention when the measuring head is adjusted in the horizontal direction.

Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of measuring the outer spherical surface, and Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of measuring the inner spherical surface

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the present invention when the measuring head is adjusted in the vertical direction.

Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of measuring the outer spherical surface, and Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of measuring the inner spherical surface

Detailed ways

See Figure 1. The new high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument includes a base 1, on which a vertical rotation shaft system 8 is installed, and the vertical rotation shaft 8 constitutes a turntable structure, and the upper end is equipped with a cone-shaped socket fixture 2, and one side of the cone-shaped socket fixture 2 is installed on the base A column 3 is installed, the column 3 has a slider 4 that can slide up and down, the slider 4 and the column 3 have a vertical adjustment and a locking mechanism 5, and the slider 4 is equipped with a horizontal rotation shaft system 9, A rotating arm 6 is installed on the horizontal rotating shaft system 9 , and a measuring head 7 is installed on the rotating arm 6 , and the measuring head 7 is located directly above the dimple fixture 2 . The measuring head is a high-precision measuring head, the cone bottom angle of the cone socket fixture is 120°, and the rotating arm 6 can be replaced according to the difference between the outer spherical surface and the inner spherical surface.

When measuring spheres with different diameters, in order to ensure that the probe is used within the measurement range, the clamping position of the probe on the rotating arm should be adjusted. The adjustment method is as follows:

(1) When measuring the outer spherical surface, the adjustment of the probe in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction:

The adjustment in the horizontal direction is as follows, see Figure 2(a): When measuring an outer spherical surface with an outer diameter of 2R, first use high-precision gauge blocks to form a gauge block group with a length of 2R, and place it on the cone socket so that the measurement The head repeatedly measures the two working surfaces at both ends of the gauge block group in the horizontal direction. By adjusting the position of the gauge block group and the clamping position of the probe, the measured value of the probe on the two working surfaces of the gauge block group is finally Zero, which means that the probe is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction;

The adjustment in the vertical direction is as shown in Figure 3(a): When measuring the outer spherical surface with an outer diameter of 2R, first stack a set of gauge blocks with a length of D, place it vertically on the upper plane of the cone socket, and adjust the position of the slider , so that the probe measures the upper surface of the gauge block group in a vertical state, and the indication value of the probe is d, and the position of the slider is adjusted repeatedly, so that the length D of the gauge block group and the indication value d of the probe should satisfy, at this time, Accurate vertical adjustment of the probe:

D+d=H

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}$

In the formula, R is the radius of the outer spherical surface of the measured sphere, H is the distance from the highest point of the outer sphere to the upper surface of the cone, h is the depth of the cone, and α is the cone angle of the cone.

(2) When measuring the inner spherical surface, the adjustment of the probe in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction:

The adjustment in the horizontal direction is as shown in Figure 2(b): When measuring the inner spherical surface with an inner diameter of 2R, first use the gauge block clamp to clamp high-precision gauge blocks and stack them into a gauge block group with a length of 2R, and place them on the cone socket , so that the probe repeatedly measures the two working surfaces at both ends of the gauge block clamp in the horizontal direction, and finally makes the probe measure on the two working surfaces of the gauge block clamp by adjusting the position of the gauge block clamp and the clamping position of the probe The value is zero, which means that the probe is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction;

The adjustment in the vertical direction is as shown in Figure 3(b): When measuring an inner spherical surface with an inner diameter of 2R, first use a gauge block clamp to clamp high-precision gauge blocks and stack them into a gauge block group with a length of D, and place them vertically on the On the upper plane of the cone socket, adjust the position of the slider so that the probe measures the upper working surface of the gauge block clamp in a vertical state. The indication value of the probe is d. Repeatedly adjust the position of the slider so that the length D and The indication value d of the probe should meet the requirements, which means that the vertical adjustment of the probe is accurate:

D+d=H-m

In the formula, R _is the nominal spherical radius of the inner sphere to be tested, R is the radius of the outer sphere, H is the distance from the highest point of the inner sphere to the upper surface of the cone socket, h is the depth of the cone socket, and m is the clamping foot of the gauge block The thickness, α is the cone angle of the cone.

Claims (3)

1. A new type of high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument, which is characterized in that it includes a base, on which a vertical rotating shaft system is installed to form a turntable, on which a cone dimple fixture is installed, and a column is installed on one side of the cone dimple fixture on the base , the column has a slider that can slide up and down, and the slider and the column have a mechanism for adjusting and locking up and down. The slider is equipped with a horizontal rotation shaft system, and a rotating arm is installed on the horizontal rotation shaft system. , the rotating arm is equipped with a high-precision measuring head, the vertical rotating shaft is perpendicular to the horizontal rotating shaft, and the measuring head is located directly above the cone socket fixture. 2. The new high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring head installed on the rotating arm points to the center of the sphere or faces away from the center of the sphere, and is used to measure the outer spherical surface or the inner spherical surface respectively. 3. the precision adjustment method of novel high-precision sphere multi-parameter measuring instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising: (1) When measuring the outer spherical surface, the adjustment of the probe in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the adjustment in the horizontal direction is: when measuring the outer spherical surface with an outer diameter of 2R, first use high-precision gauge blocks to form a length It is a 2R gauge block group, placed on the cone socket, so that the probe repeatedly measures the two working surfaces at both ends of the gauge block group in the horizontal direction, by adjusting the position of the gauge block group and the clamping position of the probe, finally make The measurement value of the probe on the two working surfaces of the gauge block group is zero, which means that the probe is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; the adjustment in the vertical direction is: when measuring an outer spherical surface with an outer diameter of 2R, first stack a length D For the gauge block group, place it vertically on the upper plane of the cone socket, adjust the position of the slider so that the probe measures the upper surface of the gauge block group in a vertical state, the indication value of the probe is d, and adjust the position of the slider repeatedly, So that the length D of the gauge block group and the indication value d of the probe should meet, at this time, it means that the vertical adjustment of the probe is accurate: D+d=H $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}$ In the formula, R is the radius of the outer spherical surface of the measured sphere, H is the distance from the highest point of the outer spherical surface to the upper plane of the cone, h is the depth of the cone, and α is the cone angle of the cone; (2) When measuring the inner spherical surface, the adjustment of the measuring head in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the adjustment in the horizontal direction is: when measuring the inner spherical surface with an inner diameter of 2R, first use the gauge block to clamp the high-precision gauge block stack Form a gauge block group with a length of 2R and place it on the cone socket so that the probe can repeatedly measure the two working surfaces at both ends of the gauge block clamp in the horizontal direction. By adjusting the position of the gauge block clamp and the clamping position of the probe , and finally make the measured value of the probe on the two working surfaces of the gauge block clamp be zero, which means that the probe is adjusted accurately in the horizontal direction; the adjustment in the vertical direction is: when measuring an inner spherical surface with an inner diameter of 2R, first clamp it with the gauge block The high-precision gauge blocks are stacked to form a gauge block group with a length of D, and they are placed vertically on the upper plane of the cone socket, and the position of the slider is adjusted so that the measuring head measures the upper working surface of the gauge block clamp in a vertical state, and measures The indication value of the probe is d, and the position of the slider is adjusted repeatedly, so that the length D of the gauge block group and the indication value d of the probe should meet, which means that the vertical adjustment of the probe is accurate: D+d=H-m

In the formula, R _is the nominal spherical radius of the inner sphere to be tested, R is the radius of the outer sphere, H is the distance from the highest point of the inner sphere to the upper surface of the cone socket, h is the depth of the cone socket, and m is the clamping foot of the gauge block The thickness, α is the cone angle of the cone.

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