CN101211192A - Simulated optical energy circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a simulated light circuit, which comprises a group of light elements which absorb light to produce input voltage, a power-output circuit which transfers the received input voltage produced by the light elements to output voltage, a circuit for estimating the optimum voltage which estimates the optimum voltage according to the direction of change in the input voltage and the direction of the power produced by the light elements, and a simulation comparison control circuit which controls the voltage transformation of the power output stage after comparing the optimum voltage estimated by the circuit for estimating the optimum voltage with the input voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical energy circuit (Photovoltaic Power Circuit), for example solar cell (Solar Cell Battery) is meant a kind of optical energy circuit made from analog element especially, and its circuit structure is simplified more than digital optical energy circuit.
Background technology
In response to the problem of energy crisis and global energy low stock, existing increasing at present advanced country drops into the research solar cell.Solar cell belongs to a kind of of optical energy circuit, and its ultimate principle is to utilize the characteristic of semiconductor PN diode junction, when this diode junction receives luminous energy, can convert thereof into electric energy, and utilizes this electric energy to battery charge, to produce electric power.The V-I (voltage-to-current) that diode produces electric energy concerns that as shown in Figure 1 wherein solid line is represented the relation of voltage and electric current, and dotted line is represented the product of voltage and electric current, that is power (power).The received luminous energy of hypothesis is constant among the figure, thus only show a curve, but when changing as if the luminous energy that receives, curve also can respective change.
As shown in Figure 1, maximum voltage point Voc is positioned at off position, maximum current point Isc is positioned at location of short circuit, but if desire to obtain maximum energy output, then best output point is not to be positioned at maximum voltage or maximum current place, (MaximumPower Point, MPP), voltage of its correspondence and electric current are respectively Vmpp and Impp but be positioned at the best power output point of electric energy curve.And because received luminous energy often is not definite value, therefore, in the prior art, usually must the complicated accurate digital circuit of design, whether be positioned at best power output point (hereinafter to be referred as MPP) under this luminous energy for calculating the electric energy that is extracted.
One of prior art numeral optical energy circuit example can be with reference to No. the 6984970th, United States Patent (USP), the circuit that this case disclosed roughly as shown in Figure 2, luminous energy element (photovoltaic device) 2 voltage Vin that produced wherein, undertaken becoming output voltage V o after the voltage transitions by a power output stage (power stage) 3, load 4 is powered, this load 4 for example can be a rechargeable battery, and power output stage 3 then for example can be booster circuit, reduction voltage circuit, back-pressure circuit, return the circuit etc. of speeding.In order to make power output stage 3 can extract electric energy appositely at the MPP place, be provided with a digitial controller 5 in the circuit, digital computation module 51 in this digitial controller 5 (it for example is a digital microcontroller) is according to the numerical value of input voltage vin and the numerical value of extraction current i, constantly multiply by mutually and calculate MPP, and according to MPP calculating optimum magnitude of voltage Vmpp.The optimum voltage value Vmpp that is calculated compares with input voltage vin again, produces signals to make control circuit 52, how to determine power controlling output stage 3.Circuit shown in Figure 2, the design of its digitial controller 5 is very complicated, and required transistor unit number is quite big, and needs analog-digital converter (ADC) to capture voltage and current signal, therefore not only increase the difficulty in the design, and also certainly will improve the whole cost of circuit.
Another prior art is disclosed in the U.S. Patent Application Publication case No. 2006/0164065, this case only diagrammatic illustration its comprise " search (search) " and " swinging (dithering) " two patterns, in opening the seek mode of beginning, scan (sweep) whole voltage-to-current curve earlier, with from wherein finding MPP, then just enter normal mode of operation (weave mode), the current value operation of in this pattern, ordering according to this MPP, and the renewal of intermittently taking a sample (above content for example can be with reference to the 8th section in this case instructions, the 10th section, the 33rd section, Fig. 5, or the like).Yet, scanning step for how to reach, this case does not disclose circuit details in detail.
Though this case does not disclose circuit details in detail, but by its illustrated seek mode with scan step, even that can find out that this case do not carry out the voltage-to-current value takes advantage of calculation (in fact can't find out how to omit taking advantage of of voltage-to-current value calculate step) in this case, also certainly will use many auxiliary figure circuit such as storer or buffer and comparer and so on, otherwise can't select and note down best power point MPP.Not only its circuit is quite complicated, and scans the operational use time that step can occupy circuit; As outside starting time, because of causing the luminous energy element, the light source acute variation breaks away from original voltage-to-current curve, and then this case must open the beginning seek mode again and scan step, and efficient is unsatisfactory.
In brief, No. the 2006/0164065th, above-mentioned U.S. Patent Application Publication case must be used complicated circuit, find MPP point earlier after, just can enter and carry out better simply mimic channel in the weave mode and operate, therefore, unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of optical energy circuit made from analog element promptly at the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, to solve foregoing problems.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, in one of them embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of simulated optical energy circuit, comprise: one group of main luminous energy element, it absorbs luminous energy and produces input voltage; Power output grade circuit receives the input voltage that this main luminous energy element produces, and is converted into output voltage; Optimum voltage point estimation circuit, it estimates the optimum voltage point according to the ratio value of main luminous energy element open circuit voltage; And the simulation comparison control circuit, it compares the optimum voltage point that this optimum voltage point estimation circuit is estimated with input voltage, and according to comparative result, controls the voltage transitions operation of this power output stage.
In the foregoing description, this ratio value is 70% to 90% of an open circuit voltage, for example 80%.Because optimum voltage point draws according to ratio value from the open circuit voltage of main luminous energy element, thus do not need fully to use complicated digital computing circuit, also without any need for scanning step.
In additional embodiments of the present invention, a kind of simulated optical energy circuit is provided, comprise: one group of luminous energy element, it absorbs luminous energy and produces input voltage, and this input voltage and input current have corresponding relation; Power output grade circuit receives the input voltage that this luminous energy element produces, and is converted into output voltage; Optimum voltage point estimation circuit, it accepts a predetermined voltage, and according to the change direction of (1) input voltage and the change direction of luminous energy power that element produces, or the change direction of change direction of (2) input current and luminous energy power that element produces, and estimation optimum voltage point; And the simulation comparison control circuit, it compares the optimum voltage point that this optimum voltage point estimation circuit is estimated with input voltage, and according to comparative result, controls the voltage transitions operation of this power output stage.
In the foregoing description, need be in not opening the beginning state, the best power of the accurate calculating voltage-current curve of going ahead of the rest point; The adjustment initial point of its optimum voltage point only needs to be worth initial getting final product generally from one.This rough magnitude of voltage for example can produce through simple circuit dividing potential drop from described scheduled voltage, gets final product; And this predetermined voltage for example can be a fixed voltage, or produces from this luminous energy element, or obtains from one group with reference to the luminous energy element, and needn't pass through any complicated calculations.In addition, the foregoing description does not also need accurate calculating luminous energy power that element produces real number value really, and only need know its change direction; Therefore, can use the power meter of simplifying or use the only power trend meter of estimated power trend, only need learn that present power is rising or reducing to get final product, even can use current-sensing circuit in some applications, represent power with current value.
In addition, in additional embodiments of the present invention, provide a kind of method, may further comprise the steps from luminous energy element extraction electric energy: a reference voltage is provided, this reference voltage be this luminous energy element open circuit voltage 70% to 90%; The output voltage of this luminous energy element is compared with this reference voltage, be controlled near this reference voltage level with output voltage with this luminous energy element; And from this luminous energy element extraction electric energy.
Again, in additional embodiments of the present invention, provide a kind of method of calculating luminous energy element optimal electrical voltage point, may further comprise the steps: a predetermined reference voltage initial value is provided; Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output voltage; Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output power; Above-mentioned two directions are compared mutually, when both in the same way the time, heighten this reference voltage; When both are reverse, downgrade this reference voltage; And, with adjusted reference voltage as the optimum voltage point.
Again, in additional embodiments of the present invention, provide a kind of method of calculating luminous energy element optimal electrical voltage point, may further comprise the steps: a predetermined reference voltage initial value is provided; Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output current; Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output power; Above-mentioned two directions are compared mutually, when both in the same way the time, downgrade this reference voltage; When both are reverse, heighten this reference voltage; And, with adjusted reference voltage as the optimum voltage point.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 marks the voltage-to-current graph of a relation of luminous energy element under identical luminous energy.
Fig. 2 is the schematic circuit diagram of the optical energy circuit of prior art.
Fig. 3 is the schematic circuit diagram of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic circuit diagram of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic circuit diagram of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic circuit diagram of fourth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic circuit diagram of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the schematic circuit diagram of sixth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic circuit diagram of seventh embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 is the schematic circuit diagram of eighth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 is the schematic circuit diagram of ninth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 is the schematic circuit diagram of tenth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the schematic circuit diagram of eleventh embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 is the schematic circuit diagram of twelveth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 15 illustrates the embodiment of current-sensing circuit.
Figure 16 is the schematic circuit diagram of thriteenth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17 is the schematic circuit diagram of fourteenth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18 is the schematic circuit diagram of fifteenth embodiment of the invention.
Symbol description among the figure
2 luminous energy elements
3 power output stages
4 loads
5 digitial controllers
7 variable resistor control circuits
8 current-sensing circuits
21 main luminous energy elements
22 with reference to the luminous energy element
31 power transistors
40 power meters
41 current-sensing circuits
50 simulation comparison control circuits
51 digital computation modules
52 logical circuits
60 direction comparator circuits
61 differentiating circuit
62 differentiating circuit
63 slope direction comparator circuits
C1, C2, C7, CR capacitor
CP1, CP2, CMP comparer
The DR diode
The EA error amplifier
OP1, the OP2 operational amplifier
QBP two-carrier transistor
R1, R2, R3, R4, Rs resistance
The SW switch
Embodiment
Of the present invention focusing on used the analog circuit element of simplifying than prior art, calculates the optimum voltage point of optical energy circuit, so the called after simulated optical energy circuit.It should be noted that alleged in the present invention mimic channel is meant that the major function of circuit is reached by analog circuit element, but do not use digital circuit component fully in the indication circuit.
Generally speaking, optimum voltage value Vmpp approximately is positioned at 70%～90% position of open circuit voltage Voc, so under first conception of species of the present invention, 70%～90% of desirable luminous energy element open circuit voltage Voc generally estimates optimum voltage point Vmpp.
Please refer to Fig. 3, wherein the mode with schematic circuit diagram shows first embodiment of the present invention.In the present embodiment, Vmpp is generally estimated 80% (80% only for illustrating, if adopt other numerical value also to be fine, still belongs to the scope of this case) for Voc.As shown in the figure, include one group of main luminous energy element 21 and one group in the present embodiment with reference to luminous energy element 22, the effect of main luminous energy element 21 is to produce electric energy, and is to assist generally to estimate optimum voltage value Vmpp with reference to the effect of luminous energy element 22.The voltage that main luminous energy element 21 is produced offers power output stage 3 as its input voltage vin; Power output stage 3 for example can be booster circuit, reduction voltage circuit, back-pressure circuit, return the circuit etc. of speeding.Power output stage 3 is simulated comparison control circuit 50 controls and Vin is locked in the MPP point, and from input end extraction electric energy, its controlled way is as follows.
Produce reference voltage VinREF with reference to luminous energy element 22; According to main luminous energy element 21 and with reference to the coupling between the luminous energy element 22, minimum because of the load of reference luminous energy element 22, reference voltage VinREF is the open circuit voltage with reference to luminous energy element 22; Matching ratio design according to suitable can make the open circuit voltage with reference to luminous energy element 22, is substantially equal to the open circuit voltage Voc of main luminous energy element 21, or its a certain ratio multiple.Resistor R 1 provides suitable dividing potential drop with R2, make the voltage at node VR place be substantially equal to main luminous energy element 21 open circuit voltage Voc 80%, that is the Vmpp value of generally estimating.
Node voltage VR and input voltage vin can compare in simulation comparison control circuit 50, and come starting power output stage 3 extraction electric energy according to comparative result.When input voltage vin during greater than node voltage VR, power output stage 3 is from the more electric current of its input end extraction; When input voltage vin during less than node voltage VR, power output stage 3 reduces its electric current from the input end extraction; At this moment, according to voltage-to-current curve shown in Figure 1, when the magnitude of current increased, the output voltage of main luminous energy element 21 descended, that is input voltage vin descends.Otherwise when the magnitude of current reduced, the output voltage of main luminous energy element 21 rose, that is input voltage vin rises.In other words,, finally input voltage vin can be locked in the numerical value of node voltage VR,, extract maximum power even the also input voltage vin Vmpp value that equals generally to estimate so can allow power output stage 3 be in best operating point according to the mechanism of control relatively.
The simulation comparison control circuit 50 the simplest practices are to use very simple linear voltage-stabilizing circuit to reach, for example can be with reference to second embodiment of figure 4; Wherein, the simulation of error amplifier EA output can make its size according to this analog output value for the power transistor 31 in the power controlling output stage 3, the degree of decision conducting, and then decision is from the flow of main luminous energy element 21 extraction electric currents.
Linear voltage-stabilizing circuit has power attenuation, as desiring the more efficient electric energy that obtains, can use suitching type mu balanced circuit (Switching Regulator), for example use pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit to be used as simulating comparison control circuit 50 (the voltage stabilizing control principle of relevant pulse-width modulation circuit, because be known technology and non-emphasis of the present invention, do not repeat them here.What need emphasize is, the pulse-width modulation circuit is not unique method, other for example various frequency conversion modulation circuits also can be used as the simulation comparison control circuit), its practice for example as shown in Figure 5, this is the third embodiment of the present invention, in the present embodiment, the voltage at step-up error amplifier EA recipient node VR place is as reference voltage in simulation comparison control circuit 50, and be feedback voltage (feedbackvoltage with voltage Vin, claim that " feedforward " feed-forward voltage is perhaps more appropriate), both compare.Its comparative result input comparator CMP is to compare with a sawtooth wave; Comparative result can offer logical circuit 53, to produce signal power controlling output stage 3.Certainly, except that the above practice, also has other practice, will not enumerate one by one, in a word, emphasis is the comparative result according to node voltage VR and input voltage vin, comes power controlling output stage 3 extraction electric energy, and node voltage VR (approximating Vmpp) only needs can obtain by suitable dividing potential drop mode, does not need to use complicated digital computation module.
Be familiar with present technique person, after reading this case when can think immediately and, in the above circuit, may not be limited to and use resistor R 1 and R2 to carry out dividing potential drop; As using other element to reach the branch compression functions, the two element that for example uses any dc impedance to mate mutually also belongs to feasible.Even, make number of diodes just be the number of diodes purpose 70%～90% of main luminous energy element 21 as design with reference to serial connection on the luminous energy element 22, then more can omit resistor R 1 and R2.All this kind all should belong to the distortion of notion of the present invention, all should be included within the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the electric energy that is produced with reference to luminous energy element 22 can not be utilized to be supplied to load 4, and therefore, the electric energy as hope utilizes all luminous energy elements to be produced fully under same concept, can make an amendment circuit slightly.Please refer to Fig. 6, wherein the mode with schematic circuit diagram shows the 4th embodiment of the present invention.In the optical energy circuit of present embodiment, all luminous energy elements all are used for producing electric energy (so only be provided with main luminous energy element 21 in the circuit and be not provided with reference to luminous energy element 22); Main luminous energy element 21 produces input voltage vin on the one hand, passes through diode DR, capacitor CR and ground connection on the other hand, and the cross-pressure on the capacitor CR is reference voltage VinREF.When power output stage 3 was failure to actuate, input voltage node Vin's was right-hand just as opening circuit in the circuit, and this moment, input voltage vin equaled the open circuit voltage Voc of main luminous energy element 21, and reference voltage VinREF equals the cross-pressure that this open circuit voltage Voc deducts diode DR; This voltage will charge to capacitor CR, and convert the cross-pressure on the capacitor CR to.With precedent similarly, can make it that suitable dividing potential drop is provided, and make the voltage at node VR place be substantially equal to 80% of open circuit voltage Voc by the resistance of appropriate design resistor R 1, that is Vmpp with R2.Diode DR can use general diode or Schottky diode (Shocky diode) etc.
In the foregoing circuit, when power output stage 3 was in the operation that extracts electric energy, input voltage node Vin's was right-hand not for opening circuit, if circuit continues to work under this state, then input voltage vin will be not equal to the open circuit voltage Voc of main luminous energy element 21.CR discharges gradually when capacitor, or the luminous energy of main luminous energy element 21 receptions is when fluctuating to some extent, and the node voltage VR of the error amplifier EA that offers will lose its accuracy, depart from Vmpp.Therefore,,, opened circuit in the right-hand of input voltage vin,, surely belong to preferable with to capacitor CR charging if can periodically close power output stage 3 though foregoing circuit can use on principle; This one-period property can be considered with analog form the action of capacitor CR charging, proofreaies and correct the voltage at node VR place, makes it equal Vmpp.Its practice act one is icon for example, can design and make logical circuit 53 have activation input EN, this activation input EN accepts an ENPWM waveform input as shown in FIG., this waveform most of the time makes logical circuit 53 be in enabled status (L1), but periodically close logical circuit 53 (L2), to stop the action of power output stage 3, allow capacitor CR accept charging.In the practical application, L1 approximately can be several seconds to tens of seconds, and L2 is greatly about about Millisecond.Certainly, with the indirect power controlling output stage 3 of the mode of control logic circuit 53, only be one of feasible method; Other also has several different methods, for example directly at the right-hand switch that is provided with of input voltage node Vin, also belongs to one of feasible method.In a word, emphasis is periodically to close power output stage 3, is opened circuit in the right-hand of input voltage vin, so that capacitor CR is charged; All variety of ways of reaching this function all belong to the distortion of notion of the present invention, all should be included within the scope of the invention.
In embodiment illustrated in fig. 6, if the intensity of sunshine fluctuations is very big, because of the only unidirectional conducting of diode, descended at that time at intensity of sunshine, the voltage on the capacitor CR possibly can't in time be followed decline, and cause VR voltage distortion at that time.Shown in the 5th embodiment of Fig. 7, a switch SW reverse with ENPWM can be set at the left of input voltage node Vin (for example can use the PMOSFET switch, or use the reverse signal of ENPWM to control the NMOSFET switch), when periodically closing power output stage 3 (L2), the switch SW conducting, main luminous energy element 21 can be charged to capacitor CR, but when power output stage 3 is in the operation that extracts electric energy, switch SW is closed, make main luminous energy element 21 only provide voltage to input voltage node Vin, but not to capacitor CR charging, so the voltage on the capacitor CR just can remain on the open circuit voltage Voc value of very approaching main luminous energy element 21.
Among the above embodiment, right-hand when opening circuit as input voltage node Vin, strictly speaking, the main still non-off state that is in fully of luminous energy element 21, that is input voltage node Vin is not equal to open circuit voltage Voc, and this still has a small load current because of main luminous energy element 21 via the path ground connection of Vin-DR or SW-VinREF-R1-R2.Therefore, if desire to ask for definitely accurate open circuit voltage Voc value, and allow the voltage on the capacitor CR can keep more for a long time, so that reduce frequency to capacitor CR charging, a unity gain circuit can be set in above-mentioned path, to guarantee above-mentioned path for opening circuit, its practice lifts two for example shown in the 8th, 9 figure.Wherein in the 6th embodiment of Fig. 8, because diode DR only can unidirectional conducting, so a current source must be set, its weak current source with the low current amount is good, to allow that capacitor CR is discharged.In the 7th embodiment of Fig. 9,, current source is set so can omit because switch SW is a two-way admittance.The other parts of circuit are similar to aforementioned the 6th, 7 figure illustrated embodiments, give explanation so no longer go to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married.
The advantage of the various embodiments described above is that circuit is very simple, but as think summary only get open circuit voltage Voc 70%～90% as optimum voltage point Vmpp, and accurate inadequately, then under second conception of species of the present invention, can estimate optimum voltage point Vmpp more accurately.
Please refer to Figure 10, this is the eighth embodiment of the present invention.No longer know clearly in the present embodiment and show the details of simulating comparison control circuit 50, only represent with calcspar.Reference voltage VinREF in the present embodiment can take from the output of main luminous energy element 21 as preceding embodiment, or is the output with reference to luminous energy element (not shown), also can be the suitably definite value of design of a process.Fixed resistance R3 and variable resistor R4 constitute a variable bleeder circuit, and this variable bleeder circuit carries out dividing potential drop to reference voltage VinREF, with the voltage at decision node VR place; In other words, the resistance of variable resistor R4 has determined the voltage at node VR place to make it equal Vmpp.It should be noted that at this, variable resistor R4 one of them embodiment only of the present invention, it is feasible to use other variable impedance element also to belong to, even this variable impedance element needn't have the characteristic (for example can use metal-oxide half field effect transistor MOSFET, junction field effect transistor JFET, folder to end formula resistance pinch-resistor etc.) of linear change; Emphasis is by variable bleeder circuit, can adjust the voltage at node VR place, promptly reaches purpose.
The resistance of variable resistor R4 is controlled by variable resistor control circuit 7; Its control mode is as follows.Please contrast Fig. 1, when the V-I curve was positioned at the MPP left, voltage descended, power just rises, and both slopes are reverse; When curve is positioned at MPP when right-hand, voltage rises, power just rises, and both slopes in the same way.In other words, can both be given comparison according to the slope direction of main luminous energy element 21 output voltages and the slope direction of output power, with the left that determines to be positioned at present MPP or right-hand, and adjust the resistance of variable resistor R4 in view of the above, so that the voltage at node VR place moves towards Vmpp.In view of the above, in circuit shown in Figure 10, be provided with a direction comparator circuit 60, this circuit is accepted the power (this promptly corresponding to mainly the output power of luminous energy element 21) of input voltage vin (this is promptly corresponding to the output voltage of main luminous energy element 21) and output terminal, slope direction to both compares, its comparative result exports variable resistor control circuit 7 to, can use the resistance of adjusting variable resistor R4.
By variable resistor control circuit 7, adjust the resistance of variable resistor R4 among this embodiment, and adjust the specific practice of VR voltage, be for convenience of description be easy to understand.Its essence spirit is the circuit that a generation VR voltage is provided, accept the output signal control of slope direction comparator circuit 63, increase or downgrade VR voltage according to a set rule, this set rule is: when voltage, when both slopes of power are reverse, downgrade VR voltage; And, increase VR voltage when voltage, both slopes of power in the same way the time.All modes are according to this controlled reference voltage VR, promptly should be the scopes that the present invention is contained.
The more detailed circuit structure of direction comparator circuit 60, can be with reference to the 9th embodiment shown in Figure 11, wherein OP1, OP2 are operational amplifier, and CP1, CP2 are comparer, comparator C P1, CP2 compare the output valve of operational amplifier OP1, OP2 with the cross-pressure that last time point is stored on capacitor C1, the C2, can determine slope direction, and the output of XOR gate XOR, represent slope direction in the same way or oppositely.Will be appreciated that, only be one of numerous possible enforcement kenels shown in this figure, and purpose is to supply to illustrate, but not limits the scope of the invention.For example, 10th, the differentiating circuit among 11 figure 61,62, can replace with other high-pass filtering circuit, also can reach similar effect, because under notion of the present invention, need not ask for absolute accurate slope value, and only need to learn the rough slope direction of main luminous energy element 21 output voltages and the rough slope direction of output power, both are given relatively getting final product.Again for example, the fundamental purpose of comparator C P1, CP2 is that the output with operational amplifier OP1, OP2 converts digital signal to, so that carry out computing for XOR gate XOR, if the suitably gain of design operational amplifier OP1, OP2, make its analog output value can supply the abundant identification of logical circuit, then in the slope direction comparator circuit 63, also may not comprise comparator C P1, CP2, and even may be directly the output valve of operational amplifier OP1, OP2 be compared.
The more detailed circuit structure of variable resistor control circuit 7 can be with reference to the tenth and the 11 embodiment shown in Figure 12,13; Similarly, only supply shown in this two figure to illustrate, but not limit the scope of the invention.In detail, in the embodiment shown in fig. 12, when direction comparator circuit 60 is output as low level, last bridge PMOS switch conduction, capacitor C7 accepts the charging of positive dirction, and adjusts variable resistor R4 towards positive dirction; When direction comparator circuit 60 is output as high levels, the conducting of following bridge nmos switch, capacitor C7 accepts the charging of negative direction, and adjusts variable resistor R4 towards negative direction.Certainly, above-mentioned positive and negative charging direction, PMOS and the nmos transistor switch position among the figure, and to the adjustment direction of variable resistor R4, the output type of visual orientation comparator circuit 60 decides, and also may be opposite arrangement; For example, be biconditional gate XNOR if the XOR gate XOR among Figure 11 changes, then above-mentioned positive negative sense just should be exchanged.
Include a transduction amplifier (Transconductor) GM among the embodiment shown in Figure 13, it is according to the output of direction comparator circuit 60 and the comparative result of reference voltage VB, and produce corresponding electric current, capacitor C7 is charged, with control variable resistor R4.The numerical value of reference voltage VB can be set between the high low level of output of direction comparator circuit 60, that is when direction comparator circuit 60 is output as low level, transduction amplifier GM produces positive current, makes capacitor C7 accept the charging of positive dirction, and adjusts variable resistor R4 towards positive dirction; And when direction comparator circuit 60 was output as high levels, transduction amplifier GM produced negative current, made capacitor C7 accept the charging of negative direction, and adjusted variable resistor R4 towards negative direction.With similarly aforementioned, positive negative direction herein (that is positive-negative input end link position of transduction amplifier GM), the output type of visual orientation comparator circuit 60 decides, and also may be opposite arrangement.
Please return again and read Fig. 1,, judge MPP, also can utilize electric current-power relation to judge MPP except utilizing voltage-power relation according to the present invention.When the V-I curve was positioned at the MPP left, electric current rose, power just rises among the figure, and both slopes in the same way; When curve is positioned at MPP when right-hand, electric current rises, power just descends, and both slopes are reverse.Therefore, also can both be given comparison, with the left that determines to be positioned at present MPP or right-hand according to the slope direction of main luminous energy element 21 output currents and the slope direction of output power.Its relevant embodiment please refer to Figure 14, and this is the 12nd embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 14, in the present embodiment, by current-sensing circuit 8 detecting input current Iin (that is output current of main luminous energy element 21), and with the output (corresponding to the output power of main luminous energy element 21) of power meter 40, travel direction is relatively in direction comparator circuit 60; Its result can adjust the resistance of variable resistor R4 according to this, so that the voltage at node VR place moves towards Vmpp.Apparently, because the slope direction relation of the slope direction of electric current-power relation and aforesaid voltage-power is opposite, so detailed circuit structure of direction comparator circuit 60 or variable resistor control circuit 7, this must be taken into account, for example, if when adopting circuit structure shown in the earlier figures 11-13, can add suitable reverse swing door betwixt, or use biconditional gate XNOR to replace XOR gate XOR, or exchange Figure 12 position of bridge PMOS and nmos pass transistor up and down, or the transduce positive-negative input end of amplifier GM of exchange Figure 13, or the like.
Equally, by variable resistor control circuit 7, adjust the resistance of variable resistor R4 among this embodiment, and adjust the specific practice of VR voltage, be for convenience of description be easy to understand.Its essence spirit is the circuit of a generation VR voltage, accepts the output signal control of slope direction comparator circuit 63, increases or downgrade VR voltage according to a set rule, and this set rule is: when electric current, when both slopes of power are reverse, increase VR voltage; And, downgrade VR voltage when electric current, both slopes of power in the same way the time.All modes are according to this controlled reference voltage VR, promptly should be the scopes that the present invention is contained.
Current-sensing circuit 8 has the various practices, also lifts a Figure 15 for example; Circuit shown in the figure can be detected input current Iin, will detect the result and convert voltage signal to, sends direction comparator circuit 60 to.Similarly, only one of numerous possible enforcement kenels shown in this figure, purpose is to supply to illustrate, but not limits the scope of the invention.
In aforementioned Figure 10,11,14 embodiment, because of using power meter 40, and the measurement that power meter must carry out current/voltage with take advantage of calculation, so circuit seems complexity; But in fact, under notion of the present invention, do not need to use very accurate power meter.As previously mentioned, according to the present invention, only need learn that the rough change direction of main luminous energy element 21 output powers gets final product, and does not need to know accurate power numerical value, therefore the circuit of power meter can extremely be simplified (holding the back describes in detail in Figure 17,18), even can not use power meter.Please refer to Figure 16; this stretches embodiment for spreading out of Figure 14 embodiment; it also is the 13rd embodiment of the present invention; shown in right-hand among the figure, because load 4 is generally battery, and the change in voltage of battery is very slow; so available current circuit for detecting 41 replaces power meter 40; only measure the electric current that leads to load 4, convert voltage signal input differentiating circuit 62 to, can reach the circuit purpose.The concrete structure of current-sensing circuit 41 for example can be with reference to Figure 15; Again, identical replacement also can be done in Figure 10,11 circuit right-hand, superfluous in addition showing.
As desire the change in voltage of load 4 is also taken into account, then can be used power trend meter to replace power meter; So-called power trend meter is compared the power of present time point with the power of last time point, and produces the signal corresponding with its difference.What need emphasize is that power trend meter only need show that the direction of variable power gets final product, even does not need numerically to change pro rata.The embodiment of power trend meter, act one is for example shown in Figure 17, and this is the 14th embodiment of the present invention; Present embodiment is to utilize the resistance temperature to respond to come estimated power trend.As shown in the figure, can use two-carrier transistor Q
BPCome the temperature on the sensing resistor Rs to change; Roughly, the transistorized base stage of two-carrier changes (dV to emitter voltage
BE) be about with the relation of temperature variation (dT)
dV
BE/dT≈-2mV/℃
Therefore, can use this voltage change to represent power trend, but be noted that, this is reverse analog signal, so need do corresponding processing to this in the late-class circuit.
As still desiring actual detecting current magnitude of voltage, and do not desire to replace power meter in power trend, then see also Figure 18, this is the 15th embodiment of the present invention, and this circuit also can extremely be reached purpose of the present invention with simplifying.Please contrast Figure 11 simultaneously, the circuit of present embodiment has comprised the power meter 40 among Figure 11, differentiating circuit 61, comparator C P2.The signal PRFI that is exported among Figure 18 promptly represents the direction of variable power, that is the sign of d (V*I)/dt, and wherein d (V*I) is a power change values, and dt changes the time; PRFI is a digital signal, can import the XOR gate XOR among Figure 11, carries out logical operation with the output of comparator C P1, produces controlling signal, with control variable resistor control circuit 7.As shown in figure 18, though in the circuit current/voltage value is detected, circuit does not need complicated multiplying, therefore comes to such an extent that simplify far beyond general power meter.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, in the prior art,, must use complicated digital computing circuit in order to calculate the precise current magnitude of voltage in the hope of MPP, its employed transistor unit quantity is at least at tens0000 to hundreds thousand of; As use mimic channel of the present invention, then component number can be reduced to below the per mille.Therefore, it is more progressive than prior art that the present invention shows, and have practicality.
Below at preferred embodiment the present invention is described, the above person only only is to make to be familiar with present technique person and to be easy to understand content of the present invention, is not the interest field that is used for limiting the present invention.As previously mentioned, for being familiar with present technique person, when can in spirit of the present invention, thinking immediately and various equivalence variation.For example, direct-connected two elements shown in all embodiment can insert the circuit that does not influence major function, for example delay circuit, on-off circuit, resistance circuit etc. betwixt.So all notions according to the present invention change with spiritual equalization of doing or modify, and all should be included in the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (46)
1. simulated optical energy circuit comprises:
One group of main luminous energy element, it absorbs luminous energy and produces input voltage;
Power output grade circuit receives the input voltage that this main luminous energy element produces, and is converted into output voltage;
Optimum voltage point estimation circuit, it estimates the optimum voltage point according to the ratio value of main luminous energy element open circuit voltage; And
The simulation comparison control circuit, it compares the optimum voltage point that this optimum voltage point estimation circuit is estimated with input voltage, and according to comparative result, controls the voltage transitions operation of this power output stage.
2. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein this ratio value is 70% to 90% of an open circuit voltage.
3. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises one group with reference to the luminous energy element, and organizes with reference to luminous energy element and the interelement matching ratio of aforementioned main luminous energy according to this, and produces this optimum voltage point.
4. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises be electrically connected to each other one group with reference to luminous energy element and a bleeder circuit, produces this optimum voltage point by this is carried out dividing potential drop with reference to luminous energy voltage that element is given birth to.
5. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises a voltage storage unit, can supply to store the magnitude of voltage relevant with the open circuit voltage of this main luminous energy element, and estimate this optimum voltage point according to this relevant voltage values.
6. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit more comprises a bleeder circuit, and this relevant voltage values is carried out dividing potential drop.
7. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 6 wherein between this voltage storage unit and this bleeder circuit, is provided with a unity gain circuit.
8. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 5 wherein between this voltage storage unit and this main luminous energy element, is provided with a diode.
9. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 5 wherein between this voltage storage unit and this main luminous energy element, is provided with a switch.
10. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein this voltage storage unit is updated periodically its stored magnitude of voltage.
11. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 10, wherein this simulation comparison control circuit receives an activation signal, and periodically makes power output grade circuit stop to accept input voltage according to this activation signal.
12. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein this switch is accepted an activation signal, and is updated periodically the stored magnitude of voltage of voltage storage unit according to this activation signal.
13. a simulated optical energy circuit comprises:
One group of luminous energy element, it absorbs luminous energy and produces input voltage;
Power output grade circuit receives the input voltage that this luminous energy element produces, and is converted into output voltage;
Optimum voltage point estimation circuit, it accepts a predetermined voltage, and according to the change direction of input voltage and the change direction of luminous energy power that element produces, estimation optimum voltage point; And
The simulation comparison control circuit, it compares the optimum voltage point that this optimum voltage point estimation circuit is estimated with input voltage, and according to comparative result, controls the voltage transitions operation of this power output stage.
14. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 13, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises a variable bleeder circuit, and this variable bleeder circuit carries out dividing potential drop to this predetermined voltage, and produces the optimum voltage point.
15. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises a direction comparator circuit, the change direction of this circuit comparison input voltage and the change direction of luminous energy power that element produces, and control this variable bleeder circuit according to comparative result.
16. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein this direction comparator circuit comprises:
First Hi-pass filter, it receives input voltage;
Second Hi-pass filter, it receives the magnitude of voltage of representing the luminous energy element power; And
The slope direction comparator circuit receives the output of first and second Hi-pass filter, and produces comparative result.
17. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein this first and second Hi-pass filter is a differentiator.
18. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and should represent the magnitude of voltage of luminous energy element power, is to get according to the power that sends this load to.
19. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and should represent the magnitude of voltage of luminous energy element power, is to get according to the electric current that flows through this load.
20. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and described simulated optical energy circuit more comprises a power meter, and its measurement sends the power of this load to, and the result is imported this direction comparator circuit.
21. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and described simulated optical energy circuit more comprises a power trend meter, and its measurement sends the power trend of this load to, and the result is imported this direction comparator circuit.
22. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 21, wherein this power trend meter utilizes the resistance temperature to respond to come estimated power trend.
23. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and described simulated optical energy circuit more comprises a current-sensing circuit, and the electric current of this load is flow through in its detecting, and the result is imported this direction comparator circuit.
24. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 13, wherein this predetermined voltage is a fixed voltage, or takes from the output of this group luminous energy element, or takes from one group of output with reference to the luminous energy element.
25. a simulated optical energy circuit comprises:
One group of luminous energy element, it absorbs luminous energy and produces input voltage, and this input voltage and input current have corresponding relation;
Power output grade circuit receives the input voltage that this luminous energy element produces, and is converted into output voltage;
Optimum voltage point estimation circuit, it accepts a predetermined voltage, and according to the change direction of input current and the change direction of luminous energy power that element produces, estimation optimum voltage point; And
The simulation comparison control circuit, it compares the optimum voltage point that this optimum voltage point estimation circuit is estimated with input voltage, and according to comparative result, controls the voltage transitions operation of this power output stage.
26. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 25, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises a variable bleeder circuit, and this variable bleeder circuit carries out dividing potential drop to this predetermined voltage, and produces the optimum voltage point.
27. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 26, wherein this optimum voltage point estimation circuit comprises a direction comparator circuit, the change direction of this circuit comparison input current and the change direction of luminous energy power that element produces, and control this variable bleeder circuit according to comparative result.
28. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 27, wherein this direction comparator circuit comprises:
First Hi-pass filter, it receives the magnitude of voltage of representing input current;
Second Hi-pass filter, it receives the magnitude of voltage of representing the luminous energy element power; And
The slope direction comparator circuit receives the output of first and second Hi-pass filter, and produces comparative result.
29. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 28, wherein this first and second Hi-pass filter is a differentiator.
30. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 28, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and should represent the magnitude of voltage of luminous energy element power, is to get according to the power that sends this load to.
31. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 28, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and should represent the magnitude of voltage of luminous energy element power, is to get according to the electric current that flows through this load.
32. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 27, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and described simulated optical energy circuit more comprises a power meter, and its measurement sends the power of this load to, and the result is imported this direction comparator circuit.
33. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 27, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and described simulated optical energy circuit more comprises a power trend meter, and its measurement sends the power trend of this load to, and the result is imported this direction comparator circuit.
34. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 33, wherein this power trend meter utilizes the resistance temperature to respond to come estimated power trend.
35. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 27, wherein this power output grade circuit supply voltage is given a load, and described simulated optical energy circuit more comprises a current-sensing circuit, and the electric current of this load is flow through in its detecting, and the result is imported this direction comparator circuit.
36. simulated optical energy circuit as claimed in claim 25, wherein this predetermined voltage is a fixed voltage, or takes from the output of this group luminous energy element, or takes from one group of output with reference to the luminous energy element.
37. the method from luminous energy element extraction electric energy may further comprise the steps:
One reference voltage is provided, this reference voltage be this luminous energy element open circuit voltage 70% to 90%;
The output voltage of this luminous energy element is compared with this reference voltage, be controlled near this reference voltage level with output voltage with this luminous energy element; And
From this luminous energy element extraction electric energy.
38. method as claimed in claim 37, wherein this provides the step of reference voltage to comprise: provide one group with reference to the luminous energy element, and make this group be 70% to 90% of this luminous energy voltage that element produces with reference to the voltage that the luminous energy element produced.
39. method as claimed in claim 37, wherein this provides the step of reference voltage to comprise: provide one group with reference to the luminous energy element; And this group carried out dividing potential drop with reference to the voltage that the luminous energy element is produced, and produce this reference voltage.
40. method as claimed in claim 37, wherein this provides the step of reference voltage to comprise: store the magnitude of voltage relevant with the open circuit voltage of this luminous energy element; And this relevant voltage values carried out dividing potential drop, and produce this reference voltage.
41. a method of calculating luminous energy element optimal electrical voltage point may further comprise the steps:
One predetermined reference voltage initial value is provided;
Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output voltage;
Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output power;
Above-mentioned two directions are compared mutually, when both in the same way the time, heighten this reference voltage; When both are reverse, downgrade this reference voltage; And
With adjusted reference voltage as the optimum voltage point.
42. method as claimed in claim 41 more comprises following steps:
The output voltage of this luminous energy element is compared with this optimum voltage point, be controlled near this reference voltage level with output voltage with this luminous energy element; And
From this luminous energy element extraction electric energy.
43. method as claimed in claim 41, this predetermined reference voltage initial value dividing potential drop that is a fixed voltage wherein, or be the dividing potential drop of this luminous energy element output voltage, or be a dividing potential drop with reference to luminous energy element output voltage.
44. a method of calculating luminous energy element optimal electrical voltage point may further comprise the steps:
One predetermined reference voltage initial value is provided;
Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output current;
Estimate the change direction of this luminous energy element output power;
Above-mentioned two directions are compared mutually, when both in the same way the time, downgrade this reference voltage; When both are reverse, heighten this reference voltage; And
With adjusted reference voltage as the optimum voltage point.
45. method as claimed in claim 44 more comprises following steps:
The output voltage of this luminous energy element is compared with this optimum voltage point, be controlled near this reference voltage level with output voltage with this luminous energy element; And
From this luminous energy element extraction electric energy.
46. method as claimed in claim 44, this predetermined reference voltage initial value dividing potential drop that is a fixed voltage wherein, or be the dividing potential drop of this luminous energy element output voltage, or be a dividing potential drop with reference to luminous energy element output voltage.
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| CN2006101724862A CN101211192B (en) | 2006-12-31 | 2006-12-31 | Simulated optical energy circuit |
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| CN2006101724862A CN101211192B (en) | 2006-12-31 | 2006-12-31 | Simulated optical energy circuit |
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| TWI391807B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2013-04-01 | Nat Univ Chin Yi Technology | A maximum power tracking system and method for photovoltaic power generation systems |
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| CN1161678C (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2004-08-11 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Solar generating device |
| CN2514538Y (en) * | 2001-11-12 | 2002-10-02 | 武汉加伟光电科技有限公司 | Automatic power servo unit for solar battery |
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