CN101204918A - 包括转子内燃机和可连续变化的行星齿轮单元的动力系统 - Google Patents
包括转子内燃机和可连续变化的行星齿轮单元的动力系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明总体上涉及包括转子内燃机和行星齿轮单元的动力系统。更具体地,本发明涉及用来驱动机动车辆的动力系统,其包括:包括受支承绕轴旋转的第一和第二转子的内燃机,包括固定不旋转的第一构件的第一行星齿轮单元,第一驱动构件,以及第一被驱动构件,交替地产生被驱动构件和第一转子之间的第一驱动连接以及打开上述第一驱动连接的第一动力通道,以及产生被驱动构件和第二转子之间的第二驱动连接以及打开上述第二驱动连接的第二动力通道。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及包括转子内燃机和行星齿轮单元的动力系统。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于机动车辆的这样一种动力系统,在该动力系统中,发动机由第二动力源,例如贮存的用来起动发动机以及使车辆从停止状态加速的气动压力交替地驱动。
背景技术
用于机动车辆的大多数商业发动机都是使用具有汽缸和往复活塞的内燃机,发动机以四冲程奥托循环或狄塞尔循环运转。活塞在汽缸中往复,且在每个活塞冲程的末端改变方向,每个动力冲程往复两次。每个活塞必须在每个冲程的末端停止,失去动力之后再从静止重新加速,每个动力冲程重复这样的停止和开始四次。线性的活塞位移利用曲轴转化为旋转,当曲轴和连杆在曲轴的每一次旋转中互相排成一行时,并不传送任何动力。这样的发动机固有地具有较低的运行效率。
转子发动机避免了这些局限性,而且潜在地具有较高的运行效率。但是它们也引起了影响它们的成本,动力输出,发动机磨损,润滑密封,耗油率等问题。
为了克服这些困难,发展了电动混合动力系统,在该系统中,电动马达设置在介于内燃机和变速器之间的扭矩通道中。用来驱动车辆的动力由汽油或柴油内燃机,或由电动马达,或由发动机和马达共同提供。但是,混合的电动动力系统的制造和装配是昂贵的。
需要一种结合了转子内燃机的效率,排除了对扭矩变换器的需要,并且能够被封装到与变速器相邻接的发动器舱的狭小空间内的混合动力系统。
发明内容
一种用来驱动机动车辆的动力系统,包括:包括受支承绕轴旋转的第一和第二转子的内燃机,包括固定不旋转的第一构件的第一行星齿轮单元,第一驱动构件,以及第一被驱动构件,交替地产生被驱动构件和第一转子之间的第一驱动连接并打开上述第一驱动连接的第一动力通道,以及产生被驱动构件和第二转子之间的第二驱动连接并打开上述第二驱动连接的第二动力通道。
能够被封装到与变速器相邻接的发动机舱的狭小空间内的发动机,并不需要扭矩变换器。与电动混合动力系统的特点相比,用来起动发动机和从静止加速车辆的气动系统不太昂贵,并且在反馈制动方面具有更高的效率。因为发动机位于变速器的同一壳体内,可以用共用的液压泵润滑发动机和变速器。与在电动混合动力系统中所必须的用于再生制动的例如起动器/发电机,逆变器以及高压蓄电池等电动机械相比,转子气动发动机不太昂贵,且在再生制动方面具有更高的效率。
转子发动机利用四个单向离合器和行星齿轮单元使发动机叶片同步,发动机叶片将发动机分割为在其中执行奥托循环的四个阶段或行程的压缩室。
行星变速器可驱动地连接到发动机的输出端和空气马达上,空气马达以容纳在随车携带的空气罐中的压缩空气进行补充。变速器产生从变速器输出端到发动机输出端的速率的连续变化。发动机的输出端与同步齿轮单元的齿轮架被连接到变速器的变速器架上。变速器的恒星齿轮可驱动地连接到空气泵/空气压缩机上。变速器的输出端为通过最后的驱动齿轮组驱动车轮的环齿轮。当车辆利用空气马达从静止开始加速时,变速器架利用同步变速器中的四个单向离合器而接地。变速器输出端的扭矩是空气马达扭矩的两倍多,而且通过最后的驱动齿轮组被进一步放大,发动车辆绰绰有余。
转子发动机可以压缩空气或汽油交替地运行。发动机可由空气起动,这样,动力通过空气马达和发动机的空气被传递到车辆上。最终,通过在进气中增加燃料,火花点火,以及关掉接地的空气马达,发动机从空气驱动过渡为汽油驱动。这些动作使变速器处于超越状态。
发动机具有三个火花塞,但是,当需要响应操作者需求而变换发动机排量时,可以使用两个工作的火花塞或一个工作的火花塞。
优选的实施方式的可适用性范围将通过下文的详细说明,权利要求书和附图而得到明确。应当理解为,虽然说明书和具体的实例表示了本发明的优选实施方式,但其仅仅是为了说明本发明。对本领域的技术人员而言,对所说明的实施例和实例做各种各样的变化和变型将是显而易见的。
附图说明
对于本领域的技术人员而言,从下文对优选实施例的详细说明中,结合附图,这些优点及其它优点将显而易见。
图1是机动车辆动力系统的示意图。
图2A和2B是移去了发动机缸体的可选的发动机转子的等轴测视图。
图3是图1所示的发动机的端视图。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1,动力系统10包括动力源12,其可以作为使用燃料作动力源的转子内燃机(ICE),或者作为由例如贮存的气动压力的自补充能量源驱动的发动机。动力系统10进一步包括第一行星齿轮单元14,容纳压力气动流体的气罐16,能量转换和制动再生系统18,以及连接到例如机动车辆的从动轮的动力系统输出端22的第二行星齿轮单元20。
发动机12包括第一转子24以及固定在第一转子上且绕发动机轴线30在转子上互相隔开并径向相对的两个转动叶片26,28,第二转子32以及固定在第二转子上且绕轴线30在第二转子上互相隔开并径向相对的两个转动叶片34,36。叶片34,36设置在绕轴线30大体上呈180°偏移,也就是,与叶片26,28异相分布。
图2A和2B表示第一发动机转子24固定在第一机轴38上,第二发动机转子32固定在第二机轴40上,每个机轴都与轴线30对准。
图3表示发动机12包含呈一定角度地分布在交叉的叶片之间且被与叶片26,28,34,36的外周边形状相符合的发动机缸体46密封的四个燃烧室42-45。优选地,如图1和图2B所示,发动机叶片26,28,34,36为圆形,而与叶片相邻接的发动机缸体42的内表面为超环面。或者,如图2B所示,发动机叶片26,28,34,36为矩形,而与叶片相邻接的发动机缸体42的内表面为圆筒形。安装到发动机缸体46中的轴承用来支承转子24,32绕轴线30旋转。
发动机缸体42形成有进气口48,当每个燃烧室42-45旋转到进气口时,空气或燃料/空气的混合物通过进气口48进入其中,还形成有出气口50,当每个燃烧室旋转到出气口时废气通过出气口50从其中排出。固定在发动机缸体42的火花塞在每个旋转的燃烧室42-45中提供定时的发动机点火源。当发动机12由汽油提供动力时,以四冲程奥托循环运转:进气,压缩,做功和排气,在转子24,32绕轴线30的每个旋转周期,各个冲程顺序发生。发动机12具有三个火花塞,但是,当需要响应操作者的需求而变换发动机排量时,可以使用两个工作的火花塞或一个工作的火花塞运转。
发动机12的第一行星齿轮单元14和相关构件被密封在箱体50中,最好是位于机动车辆的发动机舱并且固定在车辆防止旋转。第一齿轮单元14是简单的行星齿轮单元,包括恒星齿轮52,围绕恒星齿轮且固定在箱体50上不旋转的环齿轮54,行星齿轮架56,以及支承于齿轮架56上旋转并且与恒星齿轮52和环齿轮54持续啮合的行星小齿轮58。
恒星齿轮52通过单向离合器60可驱动地连接到第一转子24上,当转子24和恒星齿轮在相同方向旋转并且转子24的转速等于或大于恒星齿轮52的转速时,单向离合器60变成锁定状态,也就是,提供驱动连接;否则,离合器60超越,在恒星齿轮52和转子24之间不再具有驱动连接。同样地,恒星齿轮52和第二转子32通过单向离合器62可驱动地相互连接,当转子32和恒星齿轮52在相同方向旋转并且转子32的转速等于或大于恒星齿轮52的转速时,离合器62提供驱动连接;否则,离合器62超越,在恒星齿轮52和转子32之间不再具有驱动连接。
齿轮架56通过单向离合器64可驱动地连接到第一转子24上,当转子24和齿轮架56在相同方向旋转并且转子24的转速等于或大于齿轮架56时,离合器64提供驱动连接;否则,离合器64超越,在齿轮架56和转子24之间不再具有驱动连接。同样地,齿轮架56和第二转子32通过单向离合器66可驱动地相互连接,当转子32和齿轮架56在相同方向旋转并且转子32的转速等于或大于齿轮架56的转速时,离合器66提供驱动连接;否则,离合器超越,在齿轮架56和转子32之间不再具有驱动连接。
优选地,环齿轮54的节径是恒星齿轮52的节径的两倍,由于环齿轮受到抑制而不能旋转以及该2∶1的节径比率,齿轮架56以恒星齿轮52的转速的3倍的速度绕轴线30旋转,同时,齿轮架56向发动机输出端所传送的扭矩量是发动机转子所传送的扭矩量的三分之一。当转子24和32在发动机缸体46中旋转时,转子24可以被认定为在四个发动机冲程中从头至尾引导转子32。
发动机输出端70可驱动地连接到功能为分置式扭矩变速器的第二行星齿轮单元20上,齿轮单元20包括恒星齿轮72,围绕恒星齿轮并且固定到动力系统输出端22的环齿轮74,可驱动地连接到发动机输出端70的行星齿轮架76,以及支承于齿轮架76上旋转并且与恒星齿轮22和环齿轮24持续啮合的行星小齿轮78。
固定在恒星齿轮72上的空气马达80,通过管路82与空气罐16气动连通。空气压缩机84持续地、可驱动地连接到电动马达86上,并且通过单向离合器88连接到空气马达,且由空气马达80和/或电动马达86驱动,通过管路90向气罐16提供压缩空气。在车轮制动状态下,通过使车轮驱动空气压缩机84,车辆的动能可被回收并且贮存到气罐16中。当起动发动机12时,压缩空气通过进气口48和管路92,从气罐16供给到发动机转子28,32的燃烧室42-45。
因此,在向前的驱动运转中,当燃烧室中的空气/燃料混合物的发生燃烧从而导致转子24的叶片26,28被该燃烧所驱动时,恒星齿轮52通过离合器60被驱动;离合器66被锁定到齿轮架56上,从而阻止转子32的反转;离合器62和64超越;齿轮架56在转子24的方向上以转子24的转速的三分之一驱动发动机输出端70。恒星齿轮72可以由空气马达82以与齿轮架76的方向相反的方向驱动,或者,恒星齿轮72由空气马达80保持而不旋转。当恒星齿轮72由空气马达82以与齿轮架76的方向相反的方向驱动时,齿轮单元20以较低的速度范围超越输出端22。恒星齿轮72由空气马达80保持而不旋转时,齿轮单元20以较高的速度范围超越输出端22。
当空气/燃料混合物在下一个燃烧室中发生燃烧从而导致转子28的叶片34,36被该燃烧驱动时,恒星齿轮52通过离合器62被驱动;离合器64被锁定到齿轮架56上,从而阻止转子24的反转;离合器60和66超越;齿轮架在转子32的运转方向上且以转子32的转速的三分之一驱动发动机输出端70。同时,恒星齿轮72由空气马达82,以一种能够在输出端22产生响应司机所需的动力系统输出端扭矩和速度的理想速度和扭矩、且与发动机12在其输出端70和齿轮架76上所产生的速度和扭矩相适应的速度驱动。
动力系统可以包括用来反向驱动操作的可选择的单向离合器100。当车辆操作者手动将齿轮选择器移动到反向驱动位置来选择反向驱动操作时,电子控制器发出指令输出信号,关闭开关102,从而通过离合器100在齿轮架52和箱体50之间产生驱动连接。该动作使齿轮架56保持不旋转,将环齿轮54从连接到壳体50的状态下释出,将环齿轮54连接到发动机输出端70上。因此,随着环齿轮52被发动机转子24,32驱动以及齿轮架56保持不旋转,环齿轮54和输出端70被反向驱动。如果环齿轮的节径是恒星齿轮的节径的两倍,环齿轮54和输出端70的速度将是恒星齿轮52的速度的一半。
根据专利法的规定说明了优选实施方式,然而,应该指出的是,除了具体图示和说明的实施方式之外,可实施替换性的实施方式。
Claims (18)
1.用来驱动机动车辆的动力系统,包括:
包括受支承绕轴线旋转的第一和第二转子的内燃机;
包括固定不旋转的第一构件,第一驱动构件以及第一被驱动构件的第一行星齿轮单元;
交替地产生驱动构件和第一转子之间的第一驱动连接和打开上述第一驱动连接的第一动力通道;以及
产生驱动构件和第二转子之间的第二驱动连接和打开上述第二驱动连接的第二动力通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于:
包括固定于第一转子的第一叶片,以及固定于第一转子并与第一叶片绕轴线呈角度隔开且相互径向相对的第二叶片的第一转子;以及
包括固定于第二转子的第三叶片,以及固定于第二转子并与第三叶片绕轴线呈角度隔开且相互径向相对的第四叶片的第二转子,第三叶片绕轴线呈角度地设置在第一叶片和第二叶片的角度位置之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于:
当上述第一转子和第二转子之一的速度等于或大于第一驱动构件的速度时,第一动力通道交替地产生被驱动构件与第一转子和第二转子之一之间的第一驱动连接,并打开上述第一驱动连接;以及
当上述第一和第二转子之一的另一个的速度等于或大于第一驱动构件的速度时,第二动力通道提供被驱动构件与上述第一转子和第二转子之一的另一个之间的驱动连接,并打开上述第二驱动连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于:
第一构件为环齿轮;
第一驱动构件为被环齿轮所环绕的恒星齿轮。
第一被驱动构件为齿轮架;以及
动力系统进一步包括支承于齿轮架上旋转并且与恒星齿轮和环齿轮相啮合的行星小齿轮。
5.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
容纳发动机,行星齿轮单元,第一动力通道,第二动力通道以及变速齿轮单元的第一壳体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
动力系统输出端;
压缩空气源;
与压缩空气源气动连通的空气马达;
包括可驱动地连接到第一被驱动构件的第二驱动构件,可驱动地连接到动力系统输出端的第二被驱动构件,以及可驱动地连接到空气马达的控制构件的行星变速齿轮单元。
7.根据权利要求6所述的动力系统,其特征在于;
第二被驱动构件为第二环齿轮;
第二驱动构件为第二齿轮架;
控制构件为第二恒星齿轮;以及
第二行星齿轮单元进一步包括支承于第二齿轮架上旋转并与第二恒星齿轮和第二环齿轮相啮合的第二行星小齿轮。
8.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
压缩空气源;
与压缩空气源气动连通的空气马达,该空气马达由容纳在压缩空气源中的空气驱动;以及
可驱动地连接到空气马达、电动马达并且与压缩空气源气动连通的空气压缩机,该空气压缩机由空气马达驱动并且向压缩空气源提供压缩空气。
9.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
压缩空气源;
电动马达;
可驱动地连接到电动马达并与压缩空气源气动连通的空气压缩机,该空气压缩机向压缩空气源提供压缩空气。
10.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
压缩空气源;
电动马达;
与压缩空气源气动连通的空气马达,该空气马达由容纳在压缩空气源中的空气驱动;
电动马达;
可驱动地连接到空气马达和电动马达并与压缩空气源气动连通的空气压缩机。
11.用来驱动机动车辆的动力系统,包括:
包括受支承绕轴线旋转的多个转子的内燃机;
包括固定不旋转的第一构件,第一驱动构件和第一被驱动构件的第一行星齿轮单元;
交替地产生被驱动构件与第一转子之间的第一单向驱动连接的第一动力通道;以及
产生被驱动构件与第二转子之间的第二单向驱动连接的第二动力通道;
压缩空气源;
与压缩空气源气动连通并由压缩空气源驱动的空气马达;以及
包括可驱动地连接到第一被驱动构件的齿轮架,可驱动地连接到动力系统输出端的第二被驱动构件,以及可驱动地连接到空气马达的恒星齿轮的第二行星齿轮单元。
12.根据权利要求11所述的动力系统,其特征在于:
当上述的第一转子与第二转子之一的速度等于或大于第一驱动构件的速度时,第一动力通道交替地连接被驱动构件与第一转子和第二转子之一,以及断开被驱动构件与上述的第一转子与第二转子之一的连接;以及
当上述的第一转子与第二转子之一的另一个的速度等于或大于第一驱动构件的速度时,第二动力通道连接被驱动构件与上述的第一转子和第二转子之一的另一个,以及断开被驱动构件与上述的第一转子与第二转子之一的另一个的连接。
13.根据权利要求11所述的动力系统,其特征在于:
第一构件为环齿轮;
第一驱动构件为被环齿轮所环绕的恒星齿轮;
第一被驱动构件为齿轮架;以及
动力系统进一步包括支承于齿轮架上旋转并且与恒星齿轮和环齿轮相啮合的行星小齿轮。
14.根据权利要求11所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
容纳发动机,第一行星齿轮单元,第一动力通道,第二动力通道,以及第二行星齿轮单元的第一壳体。
15.根据权利要求11所述的动力系统,其特征在于进一步包括:
动力系统输出端;
压缩空气源;
与压缩空气源气动连通的空气马达;以及
包括可驱动地连接到第一被驱动构件的第二驱动构件,可驱动地连接到动力系统输出端的第二被驱动构件,以及可驱动地连接到空气马达的控制构件的第二行星齿轮单元。
16.根据权利要求15所述的动力系统,其特征在于:
第二被驱动构件为第二环齿轮;
第二驱动构件为第二齿轮架;
控制构件为第二恒星齿轮;以及
第二行星齿轮单元进一步包括支承于第二齿轮架上旋转并且与第二恒星齿轮和第二环齿轮相啮合的第二行星小齿轮。
17.在一种包括:包括受支承绕轴线旋转的多个转子的内燃机,通过连接第一齿轮单元和第一转子的第一单向动力通道与连接第一齿轮单元和第二转子的第二单向动力通道可驱动地连接到发动机转子的第一齿轮单元,与压缩空气源气动连通并由压缩空气源驱动的空气马达,以及可驱动地连接到第一齿轮单元输出端的第二行星齿轮单元,空气马达以及动力系统输出端的动力系统中,操作该动力系统的方法,包括以下步骤;
(a)用第一行星齿轮单元,第一动力通道和第二通道使发动机转子同步;
(b)用空气马达和压缩空气源起动发动机;以及
(c)用空气马达控制第二行星齿轮单元产生的速率。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于进一步包括以下步骤:
作为内燃机运转发动机;
用第一行星齿轮单元,第一动力通道和第二动力通道相对于发动机速度超越发动机输出端;以及
用空气马达控制第二行星齿轮单元输出端的速率大小和第一行星单元输出端的速率大小。
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- 2007-12-20 DE DE102007062439A patent/DE102007062439A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-20 GB GB0724821A patent/GB2445104B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN102149948A (zh) * | 2008-09-09 | 2011-08-10 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 变速器中可选择的单向离合器的控制 |
CN102149948B (zh) * | 2008-09-09 | 2014-03-12 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 变速器中可选择的单向离合器的控制 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080149067A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
US7461626B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
GB2445104B (en) | 2011-08-03 |
GB0724821D0 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
DE102007062439A1 (de) | 2009-02-19 |
GB2445104A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
CN101204918B (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
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