CN101201408B - Method for constructing complex 2D seismic data flat spot control image - Google Patents

Method for constructing complex 2D seismic data flat spot control image Download PDF

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CN101201408B
CN101201408B CN2006101650233A CN200610165023A CN101201408B CN 101201408 B CN101201408 B CN 101201408B CN 2006101650233 A CN2006101650233 A CN 2006101650233A CN 200610165023 A CN200610165023 A CN 200610165023A CN 101201408 B CN101201408 B CN 101201408B
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岳伏生
徐广民
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Abstract

The invention relates to a flat spot mapping method by using complex two dimensional seismic data which is processed by petroleum exploration. The process is that the data which requires the spatial correction is collected; the correction value of the initial space is obtained according to the level data; if the place with a complex structure before spatial correction is not located at the same wing part with the place after the spatial correction, a new spatial correction value is obtained. The speed variation parameter S of seismic migration is determined according to the inclination degree of the strata; the slope product of the projection points of the two points before and after spatial correction on the time level variation map along the migration direction is a positive number; When S is selected, the correction coefficient R parameter value of seismic migration speed of a certain underground point is determined. The invention greatly solves the excessive migration problem of the calculation result by using the original method; the whole spatial correction result is more accurate and reasonable, which can really reflect the shape of underground structure; the invention is favorable to comprehensive geological evaluation and oil and gas prediction.

Description

A kind of method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image
Technical field
The present invention relates to the petroleum exploration and development technology, specifically is a kind of method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image that satisfies the high steep complex structure seismic data interpretation of mountain region mountain front.
Background technology
In oil seismic exploration, adopt the method for earthquake to gather the two-dimension earthquake reflective information usually, this earthquake information is handled the back and is formed 2-d seismic data, the data that this mode forms, arrange with the road in the horizontal, some roads can be arranged, vertically going up has point data several time domains, discrete in each road, be shown as seismic cross-section.2-d seismic data explains it is that the 2-d seismic data that obtains is carried out layer position, fault recognizing and tracking, through Treatment Analysis, forms structural map, and then carries out the process of oil geology comprehensive evaluation.
At present, adopt the free-air correction of direct projection collimation method in the processing of carrying out 2-d seismic data general logarithm certificate when being configured to figure, this method is to cover the free-air correction method that medium is uniform dielectric (seismic migration speed is in length and breadth to constant in the raypath scope) on the supposition stratum, can obtain the locus of the corresponding subsurface reflection point of raw readings point by direct rays free-air correction, be the important step of making structural map.
Concrete computing formula is as follows:
x m = x 0 + 1 2 v r t 0 sin α cos β - - - ( 1 )
y m = y o + 1 2 v r t 0 sin α sin β - - - ( 2 )
tm＝t 0cosα (3)
h m = 1 2 t m V i ‾ - - - ( 4 )
α = arcsin ( 1 2 v r dt dl ) - - - ( 5 )
(x in the formula m, y m), t m, h mBe respectively that the raw readings space of points is proofreaied and correct back corresponding subsurface reflection point coordinate, vertical double-pass reflection time and the degree of depth; (x 0, y 0), t 0, v r, v iCoordinate, time of reception and the given migration velocity and the average velocity of expression raw readings point, α, β,
Figure G200610165023301D00021
Expression stratigraphic dip, tendency orientation and time gradient, these three parameters generally are to calculate by shift time planimetric map not, for time stacked section layer position decryption, more than main dip, the very tendency and the true gradient on three parametric representation stratum; Concerning the decryption of migrated stack section layer position the apparent dip of above three vertical line directions of parametric representation, look tendency and look gradient.
In actual seismic data computation process, the true velocity of underground medium can't be obtained, and the real change of the reflecting interface of underground medium also is difficult to describe by mathematical measure.These problems all can be brought certain influence to 2-d seismic data free-air correction.
According to given migration velocity and reflection horizon time surface, directly calculate the result, in fact, the factors such as deviation of the sum of errors reflection horizon structural interface mathematical description of migration velocity, the capital exerts an influence to migration result, especially steep dip area, this influence is more outstanding, shows as the overmigration phenomenon simultaneously more.Especially the steep dip area of complex structure, the influence of overmigration is more serious, many times can occur the reflection spot data space is corrected to the place that does not have layer position, show as on the planimetric map from an alar part of structure, cross structural high and be displaced to the phenomenon (Fig. 2) of constructing another alar part, migration result mistake.The structural map also incorrect (Fig. 3) that is formed by the free-air correction result can cause the structural feature distortion on the structural map of making, can't determine trap area and structure amplitude, brings error for the probing in later stage.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly prevent that free-air correction from causing overmigration, guarantee the structure mapping precision, truly reflect the method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image of the form of underground structure.
The invention provides following technical scheme, the specific implementation process is as follows:
1) gather the data will carry out free-air correction, adopt direct rays free-air correction method two-dimension earthquake data in the work area to pick up a layer bit data, interpolation in the plane forms equally distributed aspect data then; Foundation will be carried out the initial model of free-air correction, asks for the initial space correcting value according to the aspect data;
2) if the free-air correction of complex structure place before with free-air correction after the position not the structure same alar part, then the whole free-air correction amount after the free-air correction is asked for new free-air correction amount as follows again;
x m = x 0 + 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) t 0 sin α cos β - - - ( 6 )
y m = y o + 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) t 0 sin α sin β - - - ( 7 )
t m＝t 0cosα (8)
h m = 1 2 t m V i ‾ - - - ( 9 )
α = arcsin ( 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) dt dl ) - - - ( 10 )
(x in the following formula m, y m), t m, h mBe respectively that the raw readings space of points is proofreaied and correct back corresponding subsurface reflection point coordinate, vertical double-pass reflection time and the degree of depth; (x 0, y 0), t 0, v r, v iCoordinate, time of reception and the given migration velocity and the average velocity of expression raw readings point, α, β,
Figure G200610165023301D00035
Expression stratigraphic dip, tendency orientation and time gradient, seismic migration speed change parameter S, seismic migration velocity correction coefficients R;
3) repeat 2), 3) step, all data points are asked for and are finished in the work area, the correct free-air correction amount that the aspect that obtains is had a few;
4) adopt usual way to draw time construction figure and degree of depth structural map with data point after all free-air corrections of work area.
Described seismic migration speed change parameter S determines according to the pendage degree of unanimity;
Describedly determine down as S, be positive number along the slope of offset direction long-pending, determine earthquake migration velocity correction coefficient R according to forward and backward 2 subpoints on time aspect variation diagram of free-air correction.
Described new free-air correction amount is asked for respectively in X, Y, T and X, two three-dimensional system of coordinates of Y, Z.
The accepted value of described seismic migration speed change parameter S is 0.005-0.01.
S is 0.01-0.02 during 0 °-15 ° of described stratigraphic dips; S is 0.008-0.01 in the time of 16 °-45 °; S is 0.005-0.008 in the time of 46 °-60 °; S is 0.0001-0.005 during greater than 60 °.
Described R is a positive integer value, and the speed correction will satisfy (1-S*R)＜0.25.
The present invention has increased the processing of migration velocity and correctness differentiation, has guaranteed structure and has caused the figure 2-d seismic data to construct mapping precision.Preferably resolve original method result calculated overmigration problem, make whole free-air correction result more accurately, rationally.The present invention helps the correct interpretation (Fig. 3) of underground structure.The form of true reflection underground structure helps oil geology comprehensive evaluation and petroleum-gas prediction, improves the probing success ratio.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention and the free-air correction of a direct rays method comparison diagram as a result;
Fig. 2 is the time construction figure that the inventive method free-air correction obtains;
Fig. 3 is the time construction figure that the free-air correction of direct projection collimation method obtains.
Specific embodiments
A kind of method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image of the present invention, adopt the free-air correction of flat spot control method (STC (The method of Straight Top Control Map Migration)), it is the improvement that original direct rays free-air correction method is carried out, promptly the time variation diagram of a certain zone of interest that forms with offset data not is a structural setting, to free-air correction result control, solve the problem that conventional free-air correction method exists in the 2-d seismic data explanation based on the flat spot non-displacement.
Specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows:
1) gathers the data that to carry out free-air correction.The two-dimension earthquake data are picked up a layer bit data in the work area, and interpolation in the plane forms equally distributed aspect data then; Foundation will be carried out the initial model of free-air correction, asks for the initial space correcting value according to the aspect data;
2) if the free-air correction of complex structure place before with free-air correction after the position not the structure same alar part, then the whole data after the free-air correction are by formula asked for new free-air correction amount in (6)-(10) again;
3) determine earthquake migration velocity running parameter S parameter according to the pendage degree, be positive number according to forward and backward 2 subpoints on time aspect variation diagram of free-air correction along the slope of offset direction long-pending, determine the size of underground certain some seismic migration velocity correction coefficients R parameter value under the selected situation of S.The speed correction will satisfy (1-S*R)＜0.25.The accepted value of seismic migration speed change parameter S is 0.005-0.01.Sum up through concrete the application, S is 0.01-0.02 during 0 °-15 ° of stratigraphic dips; S is 0.008-0.01 in the time of 16 °-45 °; S is 0.005-0.008 in the time of 46 °-60 °; S is 0.0001-0.005 during greater than 60 °.Described R is a positive integer value.
New free-air correction amount is asked in order to following method;
x m = x 0 + 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) t 0 sin α cos β - - - ( 6 )
y m = y o + 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) t 0 sin α sin β - - - ( 7 )
t m＝t 0cosα (8)
h m = 1 2 t m V i ‾ - - - ( 9 )
α = arcsin ( 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) dt dl ) - - - ( 10 )
(x in the following formula m, y m), t m, h mBe respectively that the raw readings space of points is proofreaied and correct back corresponding subsurface reflection point coordinate, vertical double-pass reflection time and the degree of depth; (x 0, y 0), t 0, v r, v iCoordinate, time of reception and the given migration velocity and the average velocity of expression raw readings point, α, β, Expression stratigraphic dip, tendency orientation and time gradient;
4) repeat 2), 3) step, all data points are asked for and are finished in the work area, the correct free-air correction amount that the aspect that obtains is had a few;
5) adopt usual way to draw time construction figure and degree of depth structural map with data point after all free-air corrections of work area.
Described new free-air correction amount is asked for respectively in X, Y, T and X, two three-dimensional system of coordinates of Y, Z.
The embodiment of the invention for example:
Gather the two-dimension earthquake data, the work area becomes area of pictural surface 27km 2, 27 needs free-air correction survey line data;
Obtain seismic migration speed change parameter S and seismic migration velocity correction coefficients R.
Local area is determined earthquake migration velocity running parameter S=0.01, seismic migration velocity correction coefficients R=16;
Carrying out free-air correction realizes;
Output region is proofreaied and correct the result;
Draw structural map.
Fig. 1 is the present invention and the free-air correction of a direct rays method comparison diagram as a result, can see that on scheming conventional free-air correction method offset calculated has produced serious overmigration problem, layer has been displaced to " the sky ", and the result is wrong.The result who utilizes the inventive method to obtain is just relatively more reasonable.
Use the time construction figure that this method carries out forming after the free-air correction and reflected underground tectonic structure situation (Fig. 2) preferably, be consistent with real subsurface geological structure situation, and former method (Fig. 3) is because the existence of the overmigration data point that free-air correction causes has caused the distortion of time construction figure.

Claims (3)

1. method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image is characterized in that: adopt following implementation procedure:
1) gather the data will carry out free-air correction, adopt direct rays free-air correction method two-dimension earthquake data in the work area to pick up a layer bit data, interpolation in the plane forms equally distributed aspect data then; Foundation will be carried out the initial model of free-air correction, asks for the initial space correcting value according to the aspect data;
2) if the free-air correction of complex structure place before with free-air correction after the position not the structure same alar part, then the whole free-air correction amount after the free-air correction is asked for new free-air correction amount as follows again;
x m = x 0 + 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) t 0 sin αβ cos
y m = y o + 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) t 0 sin αβ cos
t m＝t 0cosα
h m = 1 2 t m V i ‾
α = arcsin ( 1 2 v r ( 1 - S * R ) dt dl )
(x in the following formula m, y m), t m, h mBe respectively that the raw readings space of points is proofreaied and correct back corresponding subsurface reflection point coordinate, vertical double-pass reflection time, the degree of depth; (x 0, y 0), t 0, v r, The coordinate, time of reception of expression raw readings point, given migration velocity, average velocity; α, β, Expression stratigraphic dip, tendency orientation, time gradient; R is that seismic migration velocity correction coefficient, S are the seismic migration speed change parameter;
Seismic migration speed change parameter S determines that according to the pendage degree of unanimity the accepted value of seismic migration speed change parameter S is 0.005-0.01;
When earthquake migration velocity running parameter S determines down, be positive number according to forward and backward 2 subpoints on time aspect variation diagram of free-air correction along the slope of offset direction long-pending, determine earthquake migration velocity correction coefficient R;
Described seismic migration velocity correction coefficients R is a positive integer value, and the speed correction satisfies (1-S*R)＜0.25;
3) repeat 2) step, all data points are asked for and are finished in the work area, the correct free-air correction amount that the aspect that obtains is had a few;
4) adopt usual way to draw time construction figure and degree of depth structural map with data point after all free-air corrections of work area.
2. method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described new free-air correction amount is asked for respectively in X, Y, T and X, two three-dimensional system of coordinates of Y, Z.
3. method for constructing complex 2 D seismic data flat spot control image according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when described stratigraphic dip was 0 °-15 °, seismic migration speed change parameter S was 0.01-0.02; When described stratigraphic dip was 16 °-45 °, seismic migration speed change parameter S was 0.008-0.01; When described stratigraphic dip was 46 °-60 °, seismic migration speed change parameter S was 0.005-0.008; Described stratigraphic dip is during greater than 60 °, and seismic migration speed change parameter S is 0.0001-0.005.
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