CN101191427A - Fluid pressure difference engine - Google Patents
Fluid pressure difference engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101191427A CN101191427A CNA2006101049307A CN200610104930A CN101191427A CN 101191427 A CN101191427 A CN 101191427A CN A2006101049307 A CNA2006101049307 A CN A2006101049307A CN 200610104930 A CN200610104930 A CN 200610104930A CN 101191427 A CN101191427 A CN 101191427A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fluid pressure difference engine and provides a method by which the do-work medium can make the piston do reciprocating motion no matter whether the do-work medium has the liquid-gas phase change, the heat energy in the non-high temperature fluid can be converted to the work and then the work can be further converted to the electric energy by the generator. The invention is the improvement for the steam engine; compared with the steam engine, the working efficiency of the invention is greatly improved and the energy sources are also much more expanded. The invention comprises a do-work unit, which is connected by a do-work connecting system and connected with a power output system. The final output mode of the engine can be the reciprocating motion of the piston or the rotation of the turbine, thereby the unit power can easily reach the MW level. The fluid pressure difference engine of the invention is suitable for power plants such as generators or automobiles, etc.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of motor, especially relate to a kind of fluid pressure difference engine, it utilizes the heat of fluid to produce pressure difference or directly utilizes pressure difference, is converted into the to-and-fro motion of piston, and the rotation that also can be further the to-and-fro motion of piston be converted into turbine is the way of output.
Two, background technique:
In the past, what heat was converted into that the to-and-fro motion of piston all adopts is steamer scheme or internal-combustion engine scheme, the steamer scheme is promptly: certain liquid in the heat heating boiler, the piston of vapor action in vaporium that produces makes it acting, then steam is discharged, and make piston reset, realize the to-and-fro motion of piston with this.Temp difference engine among the present invention is the improvement to the steamer principle, and traditional steamer requires the heat of extraneous input very big when externally doing work, and must make liquid (medium promptly does work) that the liquid-gas phase transition that liquid is converted into gas takes place.But occurring in nature exists a large amount of low-temperature heat quantities, its temperature is not enough so that acting medium generation liquid-gas phase transition, as the water in seawater, the solar water heater, wherein all contain a large amount of heats, the tradition steamer can't directly utilize, this just makes energy utilize scope to become very narrow, to such an extent as to can only impel the generation of liquid-gas phase transition with the heat that fuel produces.The present invention just studies at this defective, is intended that employing and also can makes the method for steamer work from the not far thermal source of normal temperature, and final result has found a class engine principles quite widely.
In order to make full use of the heat that contains in the non high temperature fluid, just must consider with heat transferred do work its temperature of the sort of fluid of medium may be not enough so that the acting medium undergo phase transition, but variation of temperature can cause many kinds of gases and the liquid effect of expanding with heat and contract with cold, will oppress piston when these fluids intensifications outwards moves, and cooling will make piston inwardly move, as long as fluid is heated up and lowers the temperature and just can make piston motion
Three, summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to solve the deficiency in the above-mentioned background technology, a kind of fluid pressure difference engine is provided, it provides the acting medium can take place can both make piston that reciprocating method takes place when liquid-gas phase transition also can not undergo phase transition, thereby can make the heat in the non high temperature fluid be converted into merit, this merit can further be converted into electric energy by generator.In addition, the present invention makes engine operation efficient improve much than steamer.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of fluid pressure difference engine, its special way is: comprise the acting unit, the acting unit is connected by element connection system, and the acting unit also is connected with power range system.
When adopting heat as the input of motor, the acting unit comprises pressure resistant vessel, and pressure resistant vessel is connected with piston and heat-exchange device, is filling the acting medium in the container.
When the pressure that adopts fluid self during as the input of motor, the acting unit is made up of a upstream container, one or more downstream reservoir and the piston chamber by valve control that is located in the container.
Acting needs to couple together by element connection system between the unit, being connected and being connected of acting medium between being connected between the connection, piston that comprises heat-exchange device and the acting unit, piston and the piston, during actual the realization, can select some or all Placements wherein for use.
The connection of acting medium is that up-hill line system and descending pipe-line system are set between container, there is valve control acting medium whether to pass in and out container, when two containers need exchange the acting medium, need open the valve of up-hill line between two containers earlier, and then open the valve of descending pipeline between two containers.
Power range system is provided with two cover pump receptacles, filling incompressible flow in the pump receptacle, every cover pump receptacle all passes through valve with the piston of the acting unit of all appointments, pipeline links to each other, manage system for reciprocating type power output tube, in some periods, by valve controlling all outwards pistons of motion all link to each other with the first cover pump receptacle and all inwardly pistons of motion all overlap pump receptacle and link to each other with second, and in the next period, by valve controlling all outwards pistons of motion all link to each other with the second cover pump receptacle and all inwardly pistons of motion all overlap pump receptacle and link to each other with first, between two pump receptacles double-faced piston is set, just makes the piston motion of the acting unit of all appointments all be converted into the to-and-fro motion of this double-faced piston.For rotary type power output tube reason system, by valve controlling all outwards pistons of motion all link to each other with the first cover pump receptacle and all inwardly pistons of motion all overlap pump receptacle and link to each other with second, between two pump receptacles turbine is set, the first cover pump receptacle connects expander inlet, and the second cover pump receptacle connects the turbine outlet.
Its one side of the piston of acting unit contacts with the acting medium of acting in the unit, and another side contacts with incompressible flow in the pump receptacle.
A kind of implementation method of fluid pressure difference engine, its special way is: temp difference engine is if be made up of an acting unit, and then this motor is imported hot-fluid and cold flow externally does work in turn; If be made up of a plurality of actings unit, then motor adopts and gives wherein 1 and a plurality of actings unit input hot-fluid or cold flow in turn, and simultaneously to the mode of other acting unit input cold flow or hot-fluid, makes the unit that respectively does work the to-and-fro motion of piston occur.
A kind of implementation method of fluid pressure difference engine, its special way is: temp difference engine is made up of a plurality of actings unit, each all passes to hot-fluid or cold flow regularly to the acting unit, by the continuable to-and-fro motion of method realization piston of exchange acting medium between heat acting unit and cold acting unit.
A kind of implementation method of fluid pressure difference engine, its special way is: piston has valve to control when being connected between the unit with acting, when piston outwards moves, the container that piston and pressure is high links to each other, when piston inwardly moves, the container that piston and pressure is low links to each other, temp difference engine is if be made up of a plurality of actings unit, each acting unit is controlled in some time periods by piston oriented management system and with which piston links to each other, piston oriented management system is by the switching of control valve, allowing needs the piston of outwards motion to be communicated with heat acting unit, allowing needs the piston of inwardly motion to be communicated with cold acting unit, realize the to-and-fro motion of piston, each acting unit of direct pressure motor is controlled in some time periods by piston oriented management system and with which piston links to each other, and piston oriented management system is by the switching of control valve, and the piston that allowing needs outwards to move is communicated with the upstream container, allowing needs the piston of inwardly motion to be communicated with downstream reservoir, realizes the to-and-fro motion of piston.
Compared with prior art, the advantage and the effect that have of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention can be used to drive generator for electricity generation, be easy to just can reach the unit generating scale of MW level, wherein the work of temp difference engine does not consume any material, only consume the heat of the various fluids that exist naturally in the environment, can not produce greenhouse gases fully, also do not need fossil fuel, cost of electricity-generating can be reduced to and be almost 0; Can be used as the motor of automobile, this motor is without fuel oil, can use summer liquid carbon dioxide as cold flow air as hot-fluid, winter can be air as cold flow and careless what fuel as hot-fluid, have realistic meanings for solving oily waste problem; Go for the occasion that all need mechanical motion, have purposes widely.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of single acting unit temp difference engine;
Fig. 2 is the 2+-1 formula engine structure on duty by turns schematic representation of two actings unit of raising the efficiency by interlock;
Fig. 3 is 4++x--(4-x) the formula engine structure on duty by turns schematic representation that has the piston linkage;
Fig. 4 is a 4++3--1 formula engine structure on duty by turns schematic representation;
Fig. 5 changes Jie's formula engine structure schematic representation for 1++1/2+-0;
Fig. 6 changes Jie's formula motor car engine schematic representation for 4++3--1/2+-1;
Fig. 7 takes turns for [1/1]+-1 and connects the principle schematic of formula engine water for the acting medium;
Fig. 8 is for being that [1/1]+-1 that Jie is changed on 1 rank of acting medium is taken turns to connect and changed Jie's formula engine principles figure with ammonia;
Fig. 9 is the reciprocating type power output tube reason system schematic of 4 pistons of management;
Figure 10 is the 1++1 formula pump on duty by turns formula motor schematic representation of single acting unit;
Figure 11 is the merit pump piston structural representation of band interlock;
Figure 12 is a direct pressure engine principles schematic representation.
Among the figure, 1-heat-exchange device, 2-pressure resistant vessel, the 3-medium that does work, 4-piston, the 5-unit that does work, 6-piston linkage, 7-valve, 8-nozzle, 9-exchange heat chamber, 10-piston linkage, 11-valve, the 12-medium that does work, the 13-piston that does work, 14-heat acting unit, the 15-heat-exchange device, 16-valve, 17-up-hill line system, 18-piston linkage, 19-heat acting unit, the descending pipe-line system of 20-, 21-exchange heat chamber, the cold acting of 22-unit, the cold acting of 23-unit, 24-water, 25-water vapour, 26-piston management system, 27-heat acting unit, 28-up-hill line system, 29-switch room, the cold acting of 30-unit, 31-liquefied ammonia, 32-ammonia, the descending pipe-line system of 33-, 34-piston linkage A, 35-piston linkage B, medium does work for the 38-unit that does work, 39-heat-exchange device, 40-, 41-level pressure piston, 42-turbine, 43-pump moving medium, the 44-reciprocating pump, the 45-piston that does work, 46-pressure resistant vessel, the 47-medium that does work, the 48-medium that links, 49-pump moving medium, the merit pump piston of 50-band interlock, 51-merit pump piston, the 52-high-pressure liquid, 53-piston oriented management system, 54-piston linkage, 55-pump formula power output tube reason system.
Five, embodiment:
The present invention is formed by one or more acting unit combination, and for temp difference engine, each acting unit all comprises a pressure resistant vessel, at least one piston, at least one cover heat-exchange device, is filling the acting medium in the container.The acting medium is liquid, gas or liquid gas mixture, require acting medium density when temperature raises to reduce, and density can increase when temperature descends, and the reason that causes density to change can be the expand with heat and contract with cold effect or the gas-liquid phase transition of liquid, gas; The acting unit should be by heat-exchange device and extraneous fluid communication heat, the temperature of acting medium is raise or reduces; The medium pressure that can cause doing work when the acting medium temperature raises or reduces increases or reduces, cause the pressure imbalance on piston two sides, piston externally does work, up to pressure balance, so temp difference engine more accurately title be the fluid pressure difference engine that temperature causes.Direct pressure motor title more accurately is the fluid pressure difference engine that non-temperature causes, and for this direct pressure motor, the acting unit is made up of upstream container, downstream reservoir and 1 piston chamber by valve control at least.
The task of acting unit provides to piston pressure, makes piston obtain the active force of motion.
Below introduce the temp difference engine structure earlier:
Compare with steamer, the temp difference engine of an acting unit just is equivalent to three containers of boiler, vaporium, condensation chamber originally are merged into a container.
When temp difference engine is made up of an acting unit, must feed higher hot-fluid and the lower cold flow of temperature of temperature alternately for this motor, hot-fluid and cold flow can be fluids such as gas, liquid, when hot-fluid acts on temp difference engine, piston externally does work, and cold flow is when acting on temp difference engine, and piston just resets gradually, realizes the to-and-fro motion of piston.Compare with steamer, be equivalent to boiler during this motor heating, acting medium in vaporium and the condensation chamber heats together, and be during condensation boiler, the acting medium of vaporium and condensation chamber cools off together, the thermal efficiency of this motor is not as steamer undoubtedly, but this motor does not require liquid must take place, the phase transformation of gas, just do not require that hot-fluid has very high temperature yet, as long as hot-fluid, temperature difference is arranged between the cold flow, temp difference engine just can be worked, enlarged the thermal source scope of motor widely, such as being used as hot-fluid by BADIRE water, river is used as cold flow, perhaps seawater is used as hot-fluid in the Antarctic region, cool air is used as cold flow, and motor can proper functioning.The typical structure of this single acting unit motor as shown in Figure 1.
Temp difference engine also can be made up of a plurality of actings unit, relates to the problem that how a plurality of acting unit combination is become a motor this moment.The present invention is directed to and how to form a motor and study by a plurality of actings unit, solved a lot of problems, related to following aspects: how hot-fluid/cold flow acts on mutually with the acting medium, how to exchange between the acting medium of different actings unit, how to link to each other between piston and the different actings unit acting medium, how to be connected between the piston and motor output power how.According to the relation of hot-fluid/cold flow with the acting unit, the temp difference engine of this moment is divided into two types: first kind is that hot-fluid and cold flow act on the unit that respectively does work in turn, motor is externally done work, be called formula motor on duty by turns, second kind of hot-fluid or cold flow act on the acting unit regularly, are called the constant value type motor.For the constant value type motor, in order to solve the to-and-fro motion problem of piston, three kinds of implementations are arranged again, first kind of mode is that acting medium alternately exchanges between different acting unit, be called and change Jie's formula motor, to be the piston alternately be connected with different acting unit the second way, be called wheel and connect the formula motor, the third mode is the comprehensive of preceding dual mode, being the piston alternately is connected with different acting unit, and acting medium alternately exchanges between different acting unit, is called wheel and connects and change Jie's formula motor.The temp difference engine that single acting unit shown in the accompanying drawing 1 is formed comes down to a kind of formula motor on duty by turns.Memory for convenience, represent that with one motor adopts the piston acting of inwardly motion, with ++ the expression motor does work with the piston of outwards motion, +-represent piston inwardly, all do work when outwards moving, for changing Jie's formula motor, the cold acting of usefulness/differentiation unit and heat acting unit, / preceding be heat acting unit, / back is cold acting unit, connects the formula motor for wheel, with the common piston that externally connects in the acting unit in [] expression bracket.Motor shown in the accompanying drawing 1 is the 1++1 motor, and 1 expression of front is made up of 1 acting unit, the back ++ 1 expression has 1 piston externally to do work when logical hot-fluid owing to do not have/with [] number, represent that this is a kind of formula motor on duty by turns.
First kind motor: formula motor on duty by turns
A kind of simple n++k formula motor on duty by turns is made up of n acting unit, its each acting unit is as shown in Figure 1 structure all, feed hot-fluid for this moment k acting unit, make the unit externally acting in turn of respectively doing work, the n-k that does not do work the then logical cold flow in acting unit, make piston reset, by suitable transmission device, each piston institute work all passes to same runner, motor is with the mode output power of runner motion, just can continuously or press the external output power of mode of wishing,, also can directly adopt reciprocable generator to generate electricity if just wish generating.
In order to raise the efficiency, there are a lot of measures can supply to adopt, accompanying drawing 2 has provided the 2+-1 formula motor of being made up of two acting unit on duty by turns, and the piston of this motor joins together, at first stroke, when applying hot-fluid to first acting unit, second applies cold flow, reaches the limit of to apply cold flow to first acting unit conversely again behind the position and give second and apply hot-fluid, to realize second stroke, repeat, piston just can to-and-fro motion.Accompanying drawing 3 has provided 4++x--(4-x) the formula motor on duty by turns of the employing piston linkage technique of a kind of a plurality of actings unit, the piston of each acting unit 5 all is bound up with a piston of piston linkage 6 in this motor scheme, piston linkage 6 is made up of the closed conduit device and the several pistons that connect, filling incompressible fluid in the pipeline, by the power transmission of static pressure principle realization piston space, this incompressible fluid is called the interlock medium.The interlock medium is selected water usually for use.Give x=1 wherein during engine operation simultaneously, 2 or 3 logical hot-fluids in acting unit, make its acting, and 4-x acting unit giving other simultaneously leads to cold flow, make piston reset, negative pressure when resetting is also as a factor of power output, thus the power of motor by x outwards motion piston and (4-x) piston of individual inside motion form jointly, by proper device external output power just.Use the piston linkage technique that cold acting unit is externally done work and become possibility, its principle is after having reduced the temperature of acting medium, pressure in the cold acting unit can descend, and the pressure of other pistons is big on the piston linkage, will force the piston of cold acting unit inwardly to do work.Utilizing the formula motor on duty by turns of this principle is the main piston of output power by that piston that does work the unit that feeds cold flow, is called cold formula motor on duty by turns.Utilize cold formula motor scheme on duty by turns can design the motor that automobile is used easily, its structure of 4++3--1 motor of a kind of this scheme as shown in Figure 4, it is made up of 4 acting unit, the piston of each acting unit is connected by piston linkage 10, heat-exchange device isolates an exchange heat chamber 9 in the part of internal tank with valve, can spray into liquid carbon dioxide in exchange heat chamber 9; The acting medium of selecting for use is pressurized gas at normal temperatures, can become liquid below critical temperature T.This engine operation principle is: the acting medium is pressurized gas at normal temperatures, as long as its temperature is dropped to below the T, it will become liquid, and the pressure in the unit that causes doing work sharply descends, the piston that just can promote this acting unit by piston linkage 10 does work, and direction is inside; For temperature can sharply be descended, the scheme that adopts is to isolate an exchange heat chamber 9 by valve in heat-exchange device, spray into liquid carbon dioxide therein, liquid carbon dioxide gasifies in the exchange heat chamber and absorbs a large amount of heats, and the temperature and the pressure of the medium that causes doing work sharply descend; The pressure of other heat acting unit can inwardly move by the piston that linkage promotes cold acting unit, and by proper device, this motor is external output power just; After the acting process of acting unit is finished, open valve, air washes away cold waste gas, heats the acting medium in this acting unit simultaneously, finally finishes the recovery of piston position.The acting medium can be selected high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, high pressure ammonia etc. for use.This scheme is suitable for the motor as automobile, this motor consumption be liquid carbon dioxide rather than gasoline, liquid carbon dioxide obtains by pressurized air, thereby motor itself does not produce greenhouse gases, without any pollution, be a kind of motor scheme of environment protection type.It is just in time opposite that the workflow of cold formula motor on duty by turns and characteristics are compared with internal-combustion engine, and internal-combustion engine is that liquid is changed into pressurized gas, do work with this, and cold formula motor on duty by turns is that pressurized gas are converted into liquid, does work with this; Produce a large amount of heats during internal combustion engine, and need absorb a large amount of heats during cold formula engine operation on duty by turns.
The second class motor: change Jie's formula motor
Change the always logical regularly hot-fluid in each acting unit or the cold flow of Jie's formula motor, but the acting medium of heat acting unit is in due course partly or entirely and the acting media interchange of a certain cold acting unit, such motor is by heat acting unit group, cold acting unit group, the up-hill line system, descending pipeline set of systems becomes, the up-hill line system finishes the acting medium by the transmission of heat acting unit to cold acting unit, and descending pipe-line system is finished the transmission of acting medium by cold acting medium thermotropism acting unit, can adopt methods such as pump or gravity to realize this process.
Accompanying drawing 5 has provided a kind of implementation method that the 1++1/2+-0 that is made up of 1 heat acting unit and 2 cold acting unit changes Jie's formula temp difference engine, it is applicable to cold areas such as the South Pole or the arctic, hot-fluid adopts alcohol, and alcohol and seawater to make heat exchange are drawn the heat in the seawater; Cold flow adopts air, for simplified structure, with the special-purpose heat-exchange device cancellation of cold acting unit 11, allows its container wall bear the function of heat-exchange device, and the piston of cold acting unit 11 is externally acting not, just in order to make the acting piston fast as much as possible when resetting.Temperature rising density diminished after acting medium in this motor in the heat acting unit 14 absorbed heat, the pressure that acts on this thermal capacitance device piston increases, thermal capacitance device piston outwards does work from its initial position, the heat of the acting medium 12 in the unit of cold acting simultaneously 11 is taken away by air, temperature reduces density and becomes big, the piston of cold containers inwardly moves from its initial position, all arrives separately limit position up to each piston; This moment is by up-hill line system connectivity heat acting unit 14 and a cold acting unit 11, realize that two container inner pressures equate, then by descending pipeline system connectivity, acting medium in these two pressure resistant vessels just partly or entirely exchanges, can adopt the position that makes cold containers to be higher than the method for thermal capacitance device, also can adopt pump to quicken this process, when adopting pump, not necessarily the position of cold containers will be higher than the thermal capacitance device, simultaneously reasonably design acting piston be subjected to force direction and area, make two pistons all can automatically return to initial position; Acting medium in two pressure resistant vessels is kept apart again, can adopt means such as valve or dividing plate, repeat external acting then again.In order to improve the efficient of changing Jie's formula motor, also can adopt the piston linkage usually, the most reasonable approach is that heat acting unit group adopts a cover piston linkage, and cold acting unit adopts an other cover piston linkage.Pipe-line system also can adopt one or more sets tube equipments to form, and the needed time decides when doing work medium between two containers on exchanging.Changing Jie's formula motor also can do work by the piston of cold acting unit, accompanying drawing 6 has provided a kind of cold acting unit 22 that adopts and has changed Jie's formula Automobile Motor Design scheme as the 4++3--1/2+-1 in main acting source, the piston of four heat acting unit 19 of this motor links to each other by piston linkage 18, adopt container outer wall as heat-exchange device, carry out heat exchange with air stream, the temperature of acting medium is raise; The piston of two cold acting unit links to each other by another one piston linkage, all there is an exchange heat chamber 21 each acting unit, the temperature of exchange heat chamber 21 is very low, and the temperature of acting medium is reduced, and can be reduced to and make the acting medium be converted into liquid degree by gaseous state; The method that the exchange heat room temperature is reduced is to spray into liquid carbon dioxide, and liquid carbon dioxide is gasificated as gas in the exchange heat chamber, absorb a large amount of heats; By the up-hill line system 17 that forms by a set of tubes device with form descending pipe-line system 20 by a set of tubes device and all link to each other respectively with all acting unit, and can whether pass in and out between acting unit and the pipe-line system by valve control acting medium, up-hill line system 17 is used for the do work acting medium of unit 19 of heat is sent into cold acting unit 22, and descending pipe-line system 20 is used for the acting medium of cold acting unit 22 is sent in the heat acting unit 19, in order to guarantee the realization of above-mentioned purpose, the position of heat acting unit 19 should be lower than cold acting unit 22, can adopt pump to guarantee this process in case of necessity.Clear and definite in order to state, 22 difference called after A unit and B unit, two cold acting unit, this motor is taken place in regular turn by four operating modes, operating mode I: this moment, the A piston was in the position of outermost, the valve closing of the valve of A and original all heat acting unit that link to each other with A, certain heat acting unit B of opening B then and linking to each other with B ' up valve, and the exchange heat chamber in A sprays into liquid carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide gasification absorbs heat, cause the acting medium liquefaction among the A, pressure reduces, and piston moves to the A direction; Operating mode II: open the descending valve of B and B ', piston continues the motion to A, up to the interior limit position that arrives piston, during finish acting media interchange between B and the B '; All valves of operating mode III: the heat acting unit B of closing B and originally linking to each other ' with B, open the up valve of A and the up valve of a heat acting unit A ' then, spray into liquid carbon dioxide in the exchange heat chamber in B simultaneously, piston is moved to the B direction; Operating mode IV: open the descending valve of A and the descending valve of heat acting unit A ', piston can continue to move to the B direction, finishes the acting media interchange of these two acting unit, up to exchange work finish and A piston arrives outermost limit position.Repeat operating mode I～IV, the piston of cold acting unit just can be realized to-and-fro motion.
The 3rd class motor: wheel connects the formula motor
Wheel connects the general structure more complicated of formula motor, it need be made up of do work unit group, cold acting unit group, piston oriented management system, acting medium unidirectional transmission system of heat, and each acting unit all is connected with piston oriented management system, the Medium Exchange of doing work system.Piston oriented management system determining acting the time be in the heat acting unit group in which heat acting unit, the cold acting unit group which cold acting unit with which piston in the piston set link to each other, can finish this function by suitable valve opening and closing, when piston of needs outwards moves, the passage that connects a heat acting unit and this piston, close other passages that all link to each other with this piston, when piston of needs inwardly moves, connect the passage of a cold acting unit and this piston, close other passages that all link to each other with this piston; Because during piston motion, having a certain amount of acting medium is pressed in the cold acting unit by piston, therefore also need to be provided with acting medium unidirectional transmission system, acting medium unnecessary in the cold acting unit is transferred in the heat acting unit again, in traditional steamer scheme, one-way transmission is to finish by external force such as manpower or pumps.Motor must need external force in working procedure, can not realize not having external force ground fully automatic operation.Accompanying drawing 7 is that the principle schematic that connects the formula motor is taken turns in [1/1]+-1, and it is exactly common steamer in fact.The acting medium is a water, hot-fluid heat hot acting unit 27 (=boiler), produce water vapor, water vapor enters piston oriented management system 26, piston oriented management system 26 promotes reciprocating motion of the pistons by the mode that opens and closes valve in turn, during piston motion, understand some water vapor 25 and enter cold acting unit 23 (=condensation chamber), cold acting unit 23 makes a part of water vapor 25 be condensed into water by the cold flow cooling, make the pressure of cold acting unit 23 be lower than the pressure of heat acting unit 27, can guarantee the to-and-fro motion process of piston, this is a workflow.In the design proposal of traditional steamer, the water in the condensation chamber can get more and more, and the water in the boiler can be fewer and feweri, thereby the water in the condensation chamber must be transferred in the boiler in the regular hour, has represented this process with pump among this figure.
Piston oriented management system also can be applied to formula motor on duty by turns, and the motor of this moment is called the sending and receiving motivation of taking turns on duty by turns.For example [2]+-1 motor is meant the sending and receiving motivation of being made up of two acting unit of taking turns on duty by turns, has a piston all to do work at two strokes.
The 4th class motor: wheel connects and changes Jie's formula motor
With wheel connect the formula motor different be, except that workflow, wheel connects and changes Jie's formula motor and also need to change Jie's flow process, this flow process is not that uniaxially is transferred to heat acting unit to the acting medium by cold acting unit, but intercourses equal-volume but the acting medium of different densities between two acting unit.The wheel connect change Jie's formula motor change Jie's flow process with change Jie's formula motor require incomplete same, change and wish when Jie's formula motor changes Jie that heat acting unit equates with the pressure of cold acting unit, wheel connects and changes Jie's formula motor and wish that then the pressure difference between heat acting unit and the cold acting unit is big as much as possible, thereby need adopt different Jie's technology of changing, switch room in the middle of this technology is provided with exactly, changing Jie's flow process is made up of three steps, first step is that the acting medium enters the switch room by cold acting unit, up-hill line system and descending pipe-line system between open cold acting unit and the switch room in order, heat acting medium in the switch room can enter cold acting unit, cold then acting medium can enter the switch room by descending pipe-line system, both exchange isopyknic heat acting medium, close two pipe-line systems then; Second step needs when a plurality of switch room is arranged, change Jie in this step between the switch room in twos, step is to open up-hill line system and descending pipe-line system in order between upper switch room and the next switch room, exchanges isopyknic acting medium, closes pipe-line system then; The 3rd step is to open the up-hill line system and the descending pipeline system valve door of heat acting unit in order, cold acting medium in the switch room will enter heat acting unit, simultaneously isopyknic heat acting medium enters the switch room from heat acting unit, finally finish the exchange process of acting medium between two acting unit, exchange is finished in the cold acting unit, back the higher cold acting medium of density and is just changed the lower heat of the isopyknic density medium that does work into, is equivalent to the acting medium of a part of quality has been sent in the hot acting unit.Can name the exponent number that changes Jie according to the quantity of middle switch room, be called 0 rank during switch room, 0 centre and change Jie, be called 1 rank during switch room, 1 centre and change Jie, and the like, finish the device that changes Jie's process and be called as acting Medium Exchange system.Generally speaking, can adopt the pump flowing velocity of medium of quickening to do work, but pump is optional.What change the employing of Jie's formula motor is that Jie's scheme is changed on 0 rank.
Accompanying drawing 8 has provided a kind of [1/1]+-1 that with ammonia is Jie is changed on 1 rank of acting medium and has taken turns to connect and change Jie's formula engine principles figure, it comes down to the improvement of steamer shown in Figure 7, steamer adopts is that normal temperature is liquid and high temperature is the acting medium of liquid down, here change under certain normal temperature to be gaseous state and be the acting medium of liquid under the low temperature, it for example is the acting medium with ammonia, this motor air heating heat acting unit 27 of normal temperature, liquefied ammonia wherein is converted into ammonia, and the cryogenic gas that produces when gasifying with liquid carbon dioxide is as the cold flow of cold acting unit 30, make the ammonia in the cold and hot merit unit 30 be converted into liquefied ammonia, this motor can equally with steamer be worked, and owing to adopt 1 rank to change Jie's scheme, changing Jie's flow process and pistons work flow process can carry out independently of each other, transmit the speed of ammonia/liquefied ammonia above the speed of ammonia if change Jie's flow process by the ammonia of workflow exchange, pressure in the cold acting unit 30 will be lower than the pressure of heat acting unit 27, and this is very beneficial for improving the output power of motor.Design wheel connects when changing Jie's formula motor, for the exchange velocity of the medium of accelerating to do work, can adopt the structures of many cover acting Medium Exchange system, and every cover acting Medium Exchange system can be connected with part or all of acting unit.
Temp difference engine is owing to there is a piston incessantly, can not all externally do work independently by each piston, just relate to the problem of management between the piston and the motor way of output, also need to be provided with power output tube reason system this moment, this system is converted into the to-and-fro motion of a piston or the rotation of certain form with the to-and-fro motion of a plurality of pistons, wherein be called reciprocating type power output tube reason system as the power output tube reason system of the way of output, be called rotary type power output tube reason system as the power output tube reason system of the way of output by a rotating mechanism by a piston.
The present invention proposes a kind of reciprocating type power output tube and manage system, its method is that each piston is all linked to each other with B with two cover piston linkage A, every cover piston linkage all links to each other with a pump receptacle, separate by the power output piston between the pump receptacle, can be controlled at concrete which the cover piston linkage of some moment pistons by valve links to each other, the required power output piston from A when B moves, each piston that outwards moves is all linked to each other with A, and each piston that inwardly moves all links to each other with B; The required power output piston from B when A moves, then with each outwards piston of motion link to each other with B and each inwardly piston of motion all link to each other with A, so just can make power output piston realization to-and-fro motion, and its power is provided jointly by other pistons.Accompanying drawing 9 has provided the power output tube reason system principle schematic representation of four pistons of a kind of management.
In the narration in front, the external output power of motor is all exported in this mode of reciprocating motion of the pistons, need be converted into modes such as need adopting crank-connecting rod when rotatablely moving changes, in fact temp difference engine also can be directly with the external output power of the mode that rotatablely moves, as long as adopt rotary type power output tube reason system.The invention provides a kind of this scheme, this power output tube reason system adopts turbine as the power way of output, in order to promote the motion of turbine, need a kind of incompressible flow directional flow, the power that flows is realized by the mode of each acting unit with reciprocating pump, such temp difference engine is called pump formula temp difference engine, the common feature of this motor is that the piston of each acting unit is all linking the pump piston chamber, the pump piston chamber pumps into the upstream pump container with incompressible flow, or the incompressible flow in the downstream pump container pumped into the pump piston chamber, two pump receptacles link to each other by turbine, the upstream pump container links to each other with expander inlet, the downstream pump container links to each other with the turbine outlet, and incompressible flow will promote the turbine motion, and this incompressible flow is called the pump moving medium.
Accompanying drawing 10 has provided the pump formula temp difference engine structural representation of single acting unit, this motor is divided into two parts, first part is the acting cell mesh, it is made up of an acting unit of importing hot-fluid and cold flow in turn, have only a cover heat-exchange device 39, so it is a 1++1 formula motor on duty by turns; Second part is power output part, it is by reciprocating pump 44, turbine 42 and level pressure piston 41 are formed, two directional valves are arranged on the reciprocating pump 44, one of them can outwards pump the pump moving medium, and another one inwardly pump advance the pump moving medium, when the piston of acting unit outwards moves, reciprocating pump 44 pumps pump moving medium 43, promoting turbine 42 rotates, the pump moving medium 43 of flowing through behind the turbine 42 enters in the container of level pressure piston 41, it is the pump moving medium that has more in order to hold on the one hand that level pressure piston 41 is set, be in order to allow the pump moving medium keep certain pressure (=1 barometric pressure) on the other hand, to will do work in second stroke piston reset of unit of this pressure is realized the to-and-fro motion of acting unit piston.This motor is that intermittently to rotatablely move with turbine be the way of output when externally exporting, and the user comes drive other machine with motor as required.
It is the J value that pump formula motor is used a very important notion, it is meant the ratio of pump piston cross-section area/acting piston cross-section area, a lot of parameters are all relevant with the J value in the engine design, as the unit acting medium volume increasing amount of doing work is when being Δ V, and the volume of the pump moving medium that reciprocating pump pumps is J Δ V; When the pressure of pump moving medium was P, the pressure of acting medium was J * P, thereby motor is in two strokes, and the merit of output is k * J * P * Δ V, and wherein k is the number between 0～1, is efficiency factor.
Claim that the piston that links reciprocating pump simultaneously and do work the unit is the merit pump piston, if motor is made up of a plurality of actings unit, the piston of each acting unit all is the merit pump piston, then only need the valve that pumps of meritorious pump piston link to each other with the inlet pipe system of turbine, the valve that pumps into of meritorious pump piston link to each other with turbine outlet conduit system, the merit of all acting unit all can be converted into the rotation of turbine so, and this motor will be with the mode output work of rotating.This is the simplest method that realizes pump formula motor.Also can link the upper piston linkage on the merit pump piston, accompanying drawing 11 has provided a kind of structural drawing of this piston.
Not only can be used to the to do work piston management of unit of power output tube reason system, also can be used for internal-combustion engine the piston management, occasion such as high-pressure liquid existence is arranged, as long as relate to the motion of piston, just can adopt power output tube to manage system and linkage.
It more than is the structure of temp difference engine, the structure of fluid pressure difference engine is similar to temp difference engine aspect a lot, the acting unit of different is direct pressure motor is made up of upstream container, downstream reservoir and piston chamber, in order to guarantee that piston can to-and-fro motion, must adopt piston oriented management system to come regulating piston to be subjected to force direction.
A complete temp difference engine design proposal comprises the content of three aspects: the design of the design of acting unit, the design of element connection system and power output tube reason system.The content that the design of acting unit relates to comprises how determining to do work the quantity of unit, the concrete structure of each acting unit.The design of element connection system relates to four systems: heat-exchanger rig management system, acting media interchange system, piston oriented management system and piston linkage, heat-exchanger rig management system be used to solve hot-fluid and cold flow when with the problem of each acting elements exchange heat; Acting media interchange system is used to solve respectively do work how to exchange the problem of acting medium between the unit, the invention provides adopt the uplink and downlink pipe-line system be aided with in the middle of realize the doing work exchange of acting medium between the unit of the mode of switch room; Piston oriented management system is used to solve the problem that each acting unit links to each other with that piston on earth, the invention provides being connected of method realization acting unit that adopts valve control and the piston that needs; The piston linkage is used for solving the problem of the required power of piston reset in second stroke of to-and-fro motion of piston, and mode provided by the invention is: adopt hydraulic pressure installation to connect a plurality of pistons.Power output tube reason system has determined the external in which way output work of motor, dual mode is arranged, first kind is the mode that the piston motion of each acting unit is converted into the power output piston, make motor externally export to-and-fro motion, the invention provides the method that the mode that adopts valve control has realized this task; Second kind is that piston motion with each acting unit is converted into rotation, and the mode that the present invention adopts reciprocating pump to drive the turbine motion has realized this task.
The design of design direct pressure motor comprises the design of the cellular system of doing work, the design of element connection system and the design of power output tube reason system too.The design of acting cellular system need be determined upstream container, downstream reservoir and the form in the form of piston used, and the design of element connection system relates to two systems: piston oriented management system and piston linkage.Element connection system is identical with the homogeneous system of temp difference engine with characteristics with the principle of power output tube reason system.Fluid in the container of direct pressure motor upstream in piston, is finished first stroke by piston oriented management systemic effect, links to each other with piston chamber at second stroke middle and lower reaches container, in the direction of flow downstream reservoir in the piston chamber.Angle from technology, the used various technology of direct pressure motor all are ready-made in the temp difference engine designing technique, therefore this motor of two types is just variant aspect power source, and technical communicating, after having grasped the temp difference engine designing technique, the design of direct pressure motor is had no problem; On principle, temp difference engine is a kind of because the fluid pressure difference engine that temperature causes, and the direct pressure motor is the fluid pressure difference engine that a kind of non-temperature causes, two principles that promote pistons work are identical, in fact, the direct pressure motor is actually a kind of special shape that wheel connects the formula temp difference engine, its upstream container just is equivalent to heat acting unit, its downstream reservoir just is equivalent to cold acting unit, the pressure reduction fluid is equivalent to the medium that does work, the pressure reduction of different is fluid in the direct pressure motor is naturally occurring, need create by hot-fluid and cold flow and take turns the pressure reduction that connects the formula motor, thereby except the part of relevant heat-exchanger rig, both are the same on design philosophy for remaining parts; From the engine mumber mode, it is the same that the naming method of direct pressure motor connects the formula motor with wheel, the existence of [] expression piston oriented management system, among the m/n, / number before m represent the quantity of upstream container, the quantity of it and heat acting unit is equivalent ,/number after n represent the quantity of downstream reservoir, the quantity of it and cold acting unit is equivalent, and the representation of piston acting also is duplicate.
Advantage of the present invention is when two kinds of fluids have the temperature difference, temp difference engine makes piston externally do work with regard to one surely, the size of output power becomes positive correlation with the temperature difference of fluid, and is in direct ratio with the volume of pressure resistant vessel, in direct ratio with the volumetric expansion degree of acting medium.Because output power is only relevant with the temperature difference, and it doesn't matter with the absolute value of the temperature of each fluid, even the therefore fluid of lower temperature, as long as two kinds of fluids have certain temperature difference, also can realize the purpose of doing work, this has just expanded the scope of utilizing of energy widely.If when between the fluid upstream and downstream pressure difference being arranged, also can adopt technology of the present invention to form the direct pressure motor, this motor can adopt same turbine output power with temp difference engine.
For temp difference engine, common acting medium can have liquid carbon dioxide, liquid propene, alcohol, kerosene, pressurized air, compression ammonia etc., and for liquid acting medium, thermal cubic expansion coefficient is the bigger the better; Common hot fluid/cold fluid is to having: the water/river of the air in seawater/South Pole, tropical air/seawater, geothermal water/river, solar energy heating, industrial high temperature waste gas/river, air/liquid carbon dioxide gas oxidizing gases etc., the temperature difference is the bigger the better.Interlock medium and merit pump medium can be selected alcohol or water for use.
Realize when of the present invention, should select only design proposal according to the actual conditions of hot-fluid and cold flow, when hot fluid and cold fluid are all extremely easy to obtain, recommend to adopt formula temp difference engine on duty by turns, relatively simple for structure, reliability is than higher, even there be one or two acting element failure also the work of motor not to be produced very big influence; Save hot-fluid or cold flow and the not too big occasion of the temperature difference in hope, recommend to adopt and change Jie's formula temp difference engine, efficient is higher, and also can proper functioning under the situation of no phase transformation; When two kinds of fluid temperature differences are very big, recommend to adopt wheel to connect and change Jie's formula motor, adopted acting medium gas-liquid phase transition, multistage change measures such as Jie, piston oriented management after, this motor is that power is the highest in all motor schemes.There is being high-pressure liquid to exist, and when not planning to reclaim this fluid, should selecting fluid pressure difference engine for use.On the power way of output, recommend to adopt pump formula motor mode, unless special occasions must use reciprocating motion of the pistons down.
Because the direct pressure motor is a kind of special temp difference engine, so when the temperature difference and pressure reduction exist simultaneously, can form a motor to raise the efficiency, be in the Automobile Motor Design scheme of " fuel " with liquid carbon dioxide for example, with the liquid carbon dioxide gasification is cold flow, with the air is that hot-fluid is formed temp difference engine, high-pressure carbon dioxide gas itself after the gasification also can form the direct pressure motor simultaneously, these two kinds of motors are connected to same pump formula power output tube and manage system, just can drive same turbine rotates, formed a common motor, the efficient of obvious this motor is all higher than independent temp difference engine or direct pressure motor.
Claims (11)
1. fluid pressure difference engine is characterized in that: comprise the acting unit, the acting unit is connected by element connection system, and the acting unit also is connected with power range system.
2. fluid pressure difference engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when adopting heat as the input of motor, the acting unit comprises pressure resistant vessel, and pressure resistant vessel is connected with piston and heat-exchange device, is filling the acting medium in the container.
3. fluid pressure difference engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the pressure that adopts fluid self during as the input of motor, the acting unit is made up of a upstream container, one or more downstream reservoir and the piston chamber by valve control that is located in the container.
4. fluid pressure difference engine according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: acting connects by element connection system between the unit, being connected and being connected of the medium that does work between being connected between the connection, piston that comprises heat-exchange device and the acting unit, piston and the piston.
5. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described fluid pressure difference engines, it is characterized in that: up-hill line system and descending pipe-line system are set between the container, have valve control acting medium whether to pass in and out container.
6. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described fluid pressure difference engines, it is characterized in that: two cover pump receptacles are set, filling incompressible flow in the pump receptacle, every cover pump receptacle all passes through valve with the piston of the acting unit of all appointments, pipeline links to each other, manage system for reciprocating type power output tube, in some periods, by valve controlling all outwards pistons of motion all link to each other with the first cover pump receptacle and all inwardly pistons of motion all overlap pump receptacle and link to each other with second, and in the next period, by valve controlling all outwards pistons of motion all link to each other with the second cover pump receptacle and all inwardly pistons of motion all overlap pump receptacle and link to each other with first, between two pump receptacles double-faced piston is set, for rotary type power output tube reason system, by valve controlling all outwards pistons of motion all link to each other with the first cover pump receptacle and all inwardly pistons of motion all overlap pump receptacle and link to each other with second, between two pump receptacles turbine is set, the first cover pump receptacle connects expander inlet, and the second cover pump receptacle connects the turbine outlet.
7. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described fluid pressure difference engines, it is characterized in that: the one side of piston contacts with the acting medium of acting in the unit, another side contacts with incompressible flow in the reciprocating pump, and piston contacts with fluid in the piston linkage simultaneously.
8. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described fluid pressure difference engines, it is characterized in that: power range system comprises pump formula power output tube reason system, pump formula power output tube reason system is made up of one or more reciprocating pumps, upstream pump container, downstream pump container, turbine, level pressure piston, the upstream pump container is connected with expander inlet, the downstream pump container links to each other with the turbine outlet, and reciprocating pump is provided with the level pressure piston.
9. the implementation method of a fluid pressure difference engine is characterized in that: temp difference engine is if be made up of an acting unit, and then this motor is imported hot-fluid and cold flow externally does work in turn; If be made up of a plurality of actings unit, then motor adopts and gives wherein 1 and a plurality of actings unit input hot-fluid or cold flow in turn, and simultaneously to the mode of other acting unit input cold flow or hot-fluid, makes the unit that respectively does work the to-and-fro motion of piston occur.
10. the implementation method of a fluid pressure difference engine, it is characterized in that: temp difference engine is made up of a plurality of actings unit, give wherein part or all of acting unit each all pass to hot-fluid or cold flow regularly, by sustainable to-and-fro motion at the method realization piston of exchange acting medium between heat acting unit and the cold acting unit.
11. the implementation method of a fluid pressure difference engine, it is characterized in that: piston has valve to control when being connected between the unit with acting, when piston outwards moves, the container that piston and pressure is high links to each other, when piston inwardly moves, the container that piston and pressure is low links to each other, temp difference engine is controlled in some time periods by piston oriented management system and with which piston links to each other, piston oriented management system is by the switching of control valve, allowing needs the piston of outwards motion to be communicated with heat acting unit, allowing needs the piston of inwardly motion to be communicated with cold acting unit, realize the to-and-fro motion of piston, each acting unit of direct pressure motor is controlled in some time periods by piston oriented management system and with which piston links to each other, piston oriented management system is by the switching of control valve, allowing needs the piston of outwards motion to be communicated with the upstream container, and allowing needs the piston of inwardly motion to be communicated with downstream reservoir, realizes the to-and-fro motion of piston.
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| CNA2006101049307A CN101191427A (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2006-11-20 | Fluid pressure difference engine |
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| CNA2006101049307A CN101191427A (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2006-11-20 | Fluid pressure difference engine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103362686A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-10-23 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Liquid working phase circulation engine |
| CN114754616A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Drainage membrane liquid pumping energy storage system |
-
2006
- 2006-11-20 CN CNA2006101049307A patent/CN101191427A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103362686A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-10-23 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Liquid working phase circulation engine |
| CN114754616A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Drainage membrane liquid pumping energy storage system |
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