CN101187397A - Refrigeration device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a freezing plant provided with a refrigerant compressor which has a good staying quality, can reduce process time and cost. In the freezing plant(R1) of the invention, the bearings(2c, 4a) which is the sliding part of the refrigerant compressor(SR) uses carbon graphite substrate with 90 to 99 mass percent fixed carbon, the area void ratio of stomas of the carbon graphite substrate get by a microscope is below 15 percentage. Copper solid melt with phosphorus is filled in above one half of opening holes besides the closed hole of the stomas.

Description

Refrigerating plant

Technical field

The present invention relates to refrigerating plant.

Background technique

The bearing (carbon bearing, intervolve cover) that is used for the scroll-type refrigerant compressor of refrigerating plant uses as main bearing and swivel bearing.This design bearing becomes becomes Liquid Lubrication Condition when running well.But this bearing especially in excessively severe running environment, is concentrated local load in the end of main bearing upside, therefore produces the fretting wear phenomenon that the wear trace with boundary lubrication exactly likes.

Existing material as this bearing, known have the bronze filler material with carbon element of in isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, having filled bronze (BC3) and will steel plate at sintered bronze on applied PTFE (teflon) resin composite material forming be the columnar cover (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1 and patent documentation 2) that intervolves.

Used the above-mentioned bearing of isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, its slide part wear resistance under boundary lubrication condition is also good, and the real achievement on the market is arranged.This bearing is owing to be by cut out its a plurality of obtaining from block formed body, need more than two months thereby make, and be difficult to cut owing to the hardness of the material self of block formed body is high, thereby in bearing processing, need the time, the raw material loss is many when machining bearing in addition, therefore, exist the manufacture cost of material to uprise, and the supply of the material of raw material loss part become many problems.

On the other hand, though used the bearing price that intervolves cover low,, make PTFE resin softening transform thereby then the temperature of slip surface is risen by frictional heating if slide part is in unlubricated state.Therefore, this bearing has the problem of the wearing character variation of bearing.

Owing to above reason,, wish to develop the carbon bearing that in the boundary lubrication of the unlubricated state that does not have fuel feeding, also can keep the high-intensity of reliability and use carbon graphite matter base material at a low price as the bearing of coolant compressor.

Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2002-213356 communique,

Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2003-314448 communique.

In addition, be used for the existing carbon graphite matter base material of the bearing of coolant compressor, known graphite mass percent as raw material is 20～50% (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1 and patent documentations 2).The ratio of this graphite is not that agraphitic carbon such as the carbonation of the pitch class when burning till or coke carry out the qualification numerical value of graphitizing reaction, but the qualification numerical value when meaning raw material before burning till.Thereby this ratio is not reflected in the characteristic of the carbon graphite matter base material that obtains behind the raw material sintering, can not be clearly with burn till after the relation of composition, tissue and characteristic of the carbon graphite matter base material that obtains.

Use the existing bearing of this carbon graphite matter base material, the main specific composition of raw material (graphite composition) and hardness (Shore) do not have to stipulate characteristic in addition.When therefore, this bearing does not fully take into account bearing embedding with refrigerant compressor and the intensity in coolant compressor when running.

For example, the lateral extrusion intensity during generally with bearing embedding with refrigerant compressor needs more than the 18.6MPa, and existing bearing can satisfy this lateral extrusion intensity.Yet existing bearing is not studied the wear extent of bearing self.And, when coolant compressor turns round, if then the wear extent of predetermined axis side is important for this bearing, but the wear extent of the axle of regulation self not.Therefore, the wearing and tearing of axle become big during running, cause various disadvantages sometimes.The problem of the disadvantages such as obstruction of the obstruction of the fuel feeding stream that specifically, have the generation that for example causes vibration or noise, causes by the wearing and tearing powder that produces, the freeze cycle that coolant compressor was suitable for.

At it on the other hand, in the raw material of carbon graphite matter base material, bond major parts such as petroleum tar, anthraxolite are the compounds of carbon and hydrogen, according to the determining method based on JIS K 2425, the mass percent of fixed carbon composition is about 55%, and remainder is a hydrogen etc.Additional disclosure once, the softening point of this bond is 73～92 ℃.

In addition, in the coolant compressor that has used the carbon graphite matter base material that obtains by the raw material that comprises this bond as bearing, take place softening sometimes at its Environmental Conditions lower bearing.And, under its Environmental Conditions, sometimes cause owing to from the composition of this bond from the bearing liquate to refrigerator oil or make the reduction in strength of bearing the refrigeration agent, perhaps the composition owing to liquate precipitate into the obstacle that stops up fuel supply path and so in refrigerator oil or the refrigeration agent.

In order to suppress the generation of these obstacles, the above-mentioned raw material that comprises bond is being by carrying out thermolysis when heating up gradually more than 400 ℃, and finally is warmed up to 800～2000 ℃ and burn till.Its result, the raw material that comprises bond is by complete cokeization.Yet, there is following problem, that is, the characteristic of the carbon graphite matter base material that obtains with improvement is the composition (comprise bulking agent beyond the same composition that raw material was comprised) of the bulking agent that adds of purpose, reacts with carbon in the raw material and produces the material of the characteristic that hinders carbon graphite matter base material.

In addition, existing bearing does not have the required flexural strength and the compression strength of regulation.Yet if the flexural strength and the compression strength of bearing is too small, bearing is damaged and produce inordinate wear sometimes.

In addition, on carbon graphite matter base material, be formed with fine hole as everyone knows.And, when being controlled at the coolant compressor running, the voids of carbon graphite matter base material guarantees to be formed at the oil film on axle and the bearing.For example, if voids is big, then oil pressure diminishes, and reaches condition of boundary lubrication easily.And if this voids is big, then adhesive strength dies down between the particle of the composition of formation axle or bearing, and the wear extent of axle and bearing is increased.

In a word, in existing refrigerating plant, existence does not have the problem of sufficient density and intensity on its slip surface as the bearing of the slide member of coolant compressor.And, in existing refrigerating plant, when carrying out warming operation in the winter time, as if beginning to carry out fast turn-around under the situation that has the high concentration refrigeration agent in the bottom of coolant compressor, then the fuel feeding to slide part according to refrigeration agent lags behind, perhaps produce the not enough running of oil film that causes by the evaporation of refrigeration agent etc., thereby become boundary lubrication sometimes.Therefore, require to possess that to have wear resistance good and can shorten the required time of processing and reduce the refrigerating plant of coolant compressor of the bearing of manufacture cost.

Summary of the invention

So problem of the present invention is, provides a kind of and possess that to have wear resistance good and can shorten the required time of processing and reduce the refrigerating plant of coolant compressor of the bearing of manufacture cost.

Refrigerating plant of the present invention is characterised in that, slide member as coolant compressor has used carbon graphite matter base material, the mass percent of this its fixed carbon of carbon graphite matter base material is 90～99%, the area voids of the pore of obtaining with microscope is below 15%, in the perforate over half except the closed pore of above-mentioned pore, filled the solid solution of the copper that contains phosphorus.

The present invention has following effect.

According to the present invention, compare with existing refrigerating plant, it is big that the slide part intensity of the slide member of the coolant compressor that refrigerating plant of the present invention had becomes.Its result, refrigerating plant of the present invention, its reliability and durability improve.And, according to the present invention,, therefore can shorten the manufacturing time of refrigerating machine self and reduce manufacture cost owing to can shorten the required time of the bearing processing of coolant compressor and reduce manufacture cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 has been to use the formation explanatory drawing of the refrigerating plant of scroll-type refrigerant compressor.

Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing in the place that surrounds with single-point line of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 has been to use the formation explanatory drawing of the refrigerating plant of rotary type coolant compressor.

Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing in the place that surrounds with single-point line of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is the process chart of manufacture method that is used for illustrating the bearing of mode of execution.

Fig. 6 is the explanatory drawing that is contained in many crystallizations of the graphite aggregation model in the bearing, and Fig. 6 (a) is the figure of the existing random graphite aggregate of expression, and Fig. 6 (b) is the figure that shape graphite aggregate is arranged in expression.

Fig. 7 is the stereogram of expression graphite crystallization structure.

Fig. 8 (a) is the microscope organization chart of the carbon graphite matter base material in the mode of execution, and Fig. 8 (b) is the figure of the distribution of expression hole diameter.

Fig. 9 (a) is that the briquetting pressure when representing only with the top drift compre sion molding raw material in the mould of powder compacting distributes and according to its distribution map of density profile (voids after burning till), Fig. 9 (b) be expression during with top drift in the powder moulding mold and bottom drift both sides compre sion molding raw material the briquetting pressure distribution and according to its distribution map of density profile (voids after burning till).

Figure 10 represents the crystallization degree of carbon graphite matter base material and according to the figure of the area ratio of the graphite structure of Raman analysis.

Figure 11 is the figure of the relation of expression graphite crystallization degree and wear extent.

Figure 12 is the figure of the relation of expression average area voids and wear extent.

Figure 13 is the figure of the relation of anisotropy ratio and wear extent.

Figure 14 is the stereogram of test film of (110) face of the graphite crystallization that forms when being applied in pressure forming to greatest extent.

Figure 15 is the ideograph of taking the position that is illustrated in the test film on the cylindrical body base material.

Figure 16 is the concept map of the bearing model of expression porous matter carbon graphite matter base material, Figure 16 (a) is the concept map of the model of expression before metal filled, Figure 16 (b) is the concept map of the model of expression after metal filled, and Figure 16 (c) is the figure of the lubrication model of expression shaft bearing.

Figure 17 fills the phase diagram of metal and the figure of expression mechanical property.Figure 17 (a) is the mechanical property (tensile strength: σ of the solid solution of expression copper-Xi system _B, hardness: H _B, elongation percentage: the figure of relation δ), Figure 17 (b) are the figure of metallic state of the ternary system of expression copper-Xi-phosphorus, are the areal extent and the α+Cu of the αGu Rongti in the expression mode of execution ₃The figure of the areal extent of P.

Figure 18 is the figure of the electrode potential of the representational filling metal of expression.

Figure 19 is alloy fusion in vacuum high pressure filling equipment that expression will form the αGu Rongti of Cu (copper), and the ideograph of an example in the hole of high pressure filling carbon graphite matter base material.

Figure 20 (a) is that the section that the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material from bulk cuts out is the ideograph of the rod unit of rectangle, and Figure 20 (b) is the ideograph of expression cylinder or anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material cylindraceous.

Figure 21 (a) is the microscope organization chart before anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material metal filled, and Figure 21 (b) is the microscope organization chart behind anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material metal filled.

Figure 22 is the figure of the configuration of expression friction-wear test sheet.

Figure 23 is the friction-wear test of having used as the R410A of gas refrigerant, will with this test determination to the figure that compares with conventional example and embodiment of wear extent.

Figure 24 is the friction-wear test of having used as the R410A of gas refrigerant, will with this test determination to the figure that compares with conventional example and embodiment of average friction coefficient.

Figure 25 is the CO that has used as gas refrigerant ₂Friction-wear test, will with this test determination to the figure that compares with conventional example and embodiment of wear extent.

Figure 26 is that expression changes testing surface pressure in the scope of 5～15MPa, and has carried out the result's of wear test figure in as the R410A of gas refrigerant.

Figure 27 is that expression is changed into 1.8～98MPa with surface pressure, and imagination in the mixed solution of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil Mixed lubrication and carried out the result's of wear test figure, Figure 27 (a) is the figure that has measured the relation of the surface pressure of isotropy carbon graphite (piece) and friction factor, and Figure 27 (b) is the figure that has measured the relation of the surface pressure of anisotropy carbon graphite (cylinder) and friction factor.

Figure 28 (a) and (b) be the figure of the relation of the expression embodiment's that filled metal the surface pressure of anisotropy carbon graphite and friction factor, Figure 28 (c) are the figure of the relation of the surface pressure of the expression existing isotropy carbon graphite of having filled metal and friction factor.

Figure 29 is the wear extent comparative test result's of axle, bearing in the test result of expression Figure 28 (a) figure.

Figure 30 (a) is the figure of the Stribeck curve of expression anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, and Figure 30 (b) is the figure of the Stribeck curve of expression isotropy carbon graphite matter base material.

Figure 31 (a) is the figure of Stribeck curve of the existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of expression, and Figure 31 (b) is the figure of Stribeck curve of the metal filled isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of expression existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material+bronze (BC).

Figure 32 (a) is the figure of Stribeck curve that represents the metal filled anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material+phosphor bronze (PBC) of obtaining in an embodiment, Figure 32 (b) is illustrated in the test conditions of the Stribeck curve of obtaining (a), 60 ℃ of temperature are changed to 80 ℃, with viscosity 14 * 10 ^-3Pas changes to viscosity 9.5 * 10 ^-3The figure of the Stribeck curve that the occasion of Pas is obtained.

Figure 33 is the figure that the Stribeck curve to carbon graphite matter base material carries out medelling.

Among the figure:

1-vortex seal container, 2-rotary vortex rotary part, 2a-platen, the 2b-cover plate, 2c-bearing, 2d-back side keyway, the 3-fixed scroll member, 3a-platen, 3b-cover plate, the 3c-suction port, 3d-exhaust port, 4-frame, the 4a-bearing, 5-bent axle, 5a-crank, the European joint of 6-, 7-motor, 8-revolution seal container, the 9-compressor section, 10-motor part, 11-discharge tube, the 12-bent axle, 13-rotary-piston, 13a-suction port, the 14-frame, the 15-bearing, SC-scroll-type refrigerant compressor, RC-rotary type coolant compressor.

Embodiment

An example of the compressor that uses in refrigerating plant has positive displacement refrigerant compressor.This positive displacement refrigerant compressor forms motor driving part and compression mechanical portion with an axle combination, and is come the structure of support loads by bearing.Axle and bearing require machinery and practical intensity chemically under the environment of the lubricant oil of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil coexistence.For example, if friction factor becomes greatly then mechanical loss increase, if wear extent (Δ W) then becomes the reason that produces sound and vibration greatly, if not the then volumetric efficiency decline of the sealing variation of the linear compressor room that causes.

In addition, in the axle and the running of bearing of coolant compressor, general anti-phase control mode or the many refrigeration agents of adopting enclosed mode, the peripheral velocity (B) of oil body (η), axle and the change in wide range of axle load (P), in the occasion of quick starting, produce the fuel feeding retardation phenomenon.Therefore, the Mixed lubrication in the middle of the lubrication mode of axle and bearing is transferred to from fluid lubrication just often, the most serious boundary lubrication.Thereby, require corresponding and coolant compressor that in long-time scope, have high reliability with above-mentioned lubrication mode.

The present invention just provides the refrigerating plant with bearing that can corresponding these harsh lubrication modes.

Below, with reference to suitable accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are elaborated.

Fig. 1 has been to use the formation explanatory drawing of the refrigerating plant of vortex trial-production cryogen compressor.Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing in the place that surrounds with single-point line of Fig. 1.

As shown in Figure 1, refrigerating plant R1 has scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C, vaporizer 32, condenser 31 and the expansion mechanism 30 as compressor.This refrigerating plant R1 has the structure same with well-known refrigerating plant except having the scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C as compressor, so, at this scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C is described mainly.

As shown in Figure 1, scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C is above vortex is configured in the aftermentioned compression mechanical part with the inside of seal container 1, to be configured in the below as the motor 7 of mechanism portion, the fixed scroll member 3 of formation compression mechanical part is connected by bent axle 5 with the motor 7 as mechanism portion.

Above-mentioned compressor structure portion has: the fixed scroll member 3 of erectting spiral helicine cover plate 3b on platen 3a; And the rotary vortex rotary part 2 of on platen 2a, erectting spiral helicine cover plate 2b.And fixed scroll member 3 and rotary vortex rotary part 2 are configured to make spiral helicine cover plate 3b and spiral helicine cover plate 2b to intermesh.Peripheral part in fixed scroll member 3 is formed with suction port 3c, is formed with exhaust port 3d at central part.

As shown in Figure 2, bent axle 5 is supported on the bearing 4a (main bearing) of the central part that is disposed at frame 4.At the outstanding crank 5a of the front end of bent axle 5, be inserted among the bearing 2c (swivel bearing) of rotary vortex rotary part 2 and cooperate with rotary vortex rotary part 2.

These bearings 2c, 4a are equivalent to the present invention's said " slide member ".

In addition, as the European joint 6 of the anti-locking mechanism of rotation, be used to make rotary vortex rotary part 2 relative fixed scroll elements 3 not from then be rotated the joint of motion.European joint 6 cooperates with the back side keyway 2d of the platen 2a of rotary vortex rotary part 2, and cooperates with the pedestal keyway 4d of frame 4.

The action of this scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C is described with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

In this scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C, as if utilizing motor 7 to make bent axle 5 rotations, then by the off-centre rotation of crank 5a, rotary vortex rotary part 2 is not rotated motion from transferring relative fixed scroll element 3.Its result, the refrigerant gas from suction port 3c sucks is compressed in the pressing chamber 3e that forms by spiral helicine cover plate 3b and spiral helicine cover plate 2b engagement.Compressed refrigerant is discharged to the top of fixed scroll member 3 from exhaust port 3d.And this refrigerant compressed gas passes through the below that intercommunicating pore 3g (with reference to Fig. 1) arrives frame 4 from the top of fixed scroll member 3, and is discharged to the outside of vortex with seal container 1 from exhaust port 3f.

As mentioned above, scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C as above is provided with bearing 2c on platen 2a, and bearing 4a is set respectively on frame 4.And, on any one of bearing 2c and bearing 4a, all supply with circuit lubricant oil (refrigerator oil that comprises refrigeration agent).In this bearing 2c and bearing 4a, when the starting of scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C or the high occasion of head pressure of refrigeration agent, the undersupply of lubricant oil and be easy to generate wearing and tearing or burn equivalent damage.

Yet as shown in Figure 2, bearing 2c, the 4a of present embodiment can improve reliability and the durability of scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C by being pressed into the platen 2a that is fixed on rotary vortex rotary part 2 and the regulation place of frame 4 respectively.

Methods such as certainly, at this moment, bearing 2c, 4a also can each personal shrink fit, shrink-fit, screw-thread fit, chimeric, binder are installed in the regulation place of platen 2a and frame 4.In addition, the lateral extrusion intensity (lateral extrusion load) when being pressed into needs more than the 18.6MPa (150N), so the lateral extrusion intensity of bearing 2c, 4a is set at the intensity that can bear the load more than this.And be to obtain with the sintered bearing shown in the JIS Z2507-lateral extrusion Strength Testing Methods in this said lateral extrusion intensity.Specifically, at the bearing 2c, the 4a that are used for scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C shown in Figure 1 etc., if its size for example is external diameter Φ 19mm, internal diameter Φ 16mm and height 14.3mm, then the lateral extrusion load of bearing 2c, 4a becomes more than the 150N, and lateral extrusion intensity becomes more than the 18.6MPa.

Then, the refrigerating plant that has used the rotary type coolant compressor different with above-mentioned scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C as compressor is described.Fig. 3 has been to use the formation explanatory drawing of the refrigerating plant of rotary type coolant compressor.Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing in the place that surrounds with single-point line of Fig. 3.

As shown in Figure 3, refrigerating plant R2 has rotary type coolant compressor RC, vaporizer 32, condenser 31 and the expansion mechanism 30 as compressor.This refrigerating plant R2 has the structure same with well-known refrigerating plant except having the rotary type coolant compressor RC as compressor, so, at this rotary type coolant compressor RC is described mainly.

As shown in Figure 3, rotary type coolant compressor RC is different with scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C (with reference to Fig. 1), compression mechanical part 9 revolution be configured in seal container 8 frame 14 below, and be configured in the top of frame 14 as the motor 10 of mechanism portion, and, off-centre is installed in the rotary-piston 13 on the bent axle 12 that drives with motor part 10, constitutes can suck and compressed refrigerant.

Compressed refrigeration agent becomes the gas shape refrigeration agent of High Temperature High Pressure from exhaust port (not shown) discharge, and is discharged to the heat exchanger side (condenser, vaporizer) that constitutes freeze cycle by discharge tube 11.The above-mentioned refrigeration agent that has carried out heat exchange is drawn in the rotary-piston 13 from suction port 13a, compresses with rotary-piston 13 again.

As shown in Figure 4, bearing 15 is bearings of above-mentioned bent axle 12, be pressed into, method such as shrink fit, shrink-fit, screw-thread fit, chimeric, combination, binder is installed on the frame 14.This bearing 15 is equivalent to the present invention's said " slide member ".

And bearing 15 is set at the intensity that lateral extrusion load (lateral extrusion intensity) when being pressed into can be born the above load of 150N (18.6MPa).

Aforesaid bearing 2c, 4a (with reference to Fig. 2) that is used for scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C (with reference to Fig. 1) and rotary type coolant compressor RC (with reference to Fig. 3) and bearing 15 (with reference to Fig. 4) (below, sometimes abbreviate " bearing " as), as illustrating in the manufacture method of this bearing described later, be the bearing that in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, contains the metal of regulation described later.

This scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C and rotary type coolant compressor RC (below, sometimes be referred to as " coolant compressor " simply), the moving of thermal medium (circulation) that is used for refrigeration agent by freeze cycle and refrigerator oil to carry out cooling gas or heating to indoor etc.At this moment, be used for the kind of the refrigeration agent and the refrigerator oil of above-mentioned coolant compressor, owing to the relation with bearing becomes extremely important.Specifically, in the mixture that constitutes by refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil from bearing, more particularly the material from the aftermentioned carbon graphite matter base material liquate of the structural element that becomes bearing is below the 1 quality %, and aspect floc, wish in said mixture, not separate out precipitate.

Here, so-called " not separating out precipitate in mixture " means in the floc experimental tests with the visual state that can not detect precipitate.And, this floc experimental tests is carried out based on ASTM or JIS K2211, it for example is following test, in refrigeration agent 90%, refrigerator oil 10%, put into test film with mass percent, under defined terms, heat extraction, carrying out being cooled to after the heat treated-40 ℃, estimating and separate out having or not of material.

As the refrigeration agent of realizing this combination, can enumerate from halogenated hydrocarbon (halogenated hydrocarbon) series coolant, hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon) series coolant and natural series coolant, select at least a.That is, these refrigeration agents can be distinguished use separately, perhaps suitably make up the back and use.

As above-mentioned halogenated hydrocarbon series coolant, for example can enumerate fluorohydrocarbon series coolant, fluoro bromo-hydrocarbons series coolant, fluoro idohydrocarbon series coolant etc.

In this refrigeration agent, preferably can enumerate fluorohydrocarbon (HFC) series coolants such as R410A, R404A, R407C, R134a, fluoro idohydrocarbon series coolants such as CF3I, hydrocarbon system refrigeration agents such as R600a, R290, natural series coolants such as R744, R717 etc.Especially, fluoro idohydrocarbon series coolant is because conditioning is little and relatively good.

In addition, as the refrigerator oil of realizing this combination, for example can enumerate from mineral oil, polyol ester (POE) oil, polyglycols (PAG) oil, polyvinylether (PVE) oil, polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil and hard alkylbenzene (HAB) oil, select at least a.That is, these refrigerator oils can be distinguished use separately, perhaps suitably make up the back and use.

This refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil be to the inclosure ratio of scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C or rotary type coolant compressor RC, is 1 mass parts with respect to refrigerator oil, and best refrigerant is more than 0.2 mass parts.And the moisture concentration in refrigeration agent or the refrigerator oil is 1～1000ppm preferably.

In addition, use the scroll-type refrigerant compressor S C or the rotary type coolant compressor RC of this refrigeration agent or refrigerator oil, its operation mode can be any of constant speed or speed change.

The manufacture method of bearing then, mainly is described with reference to Fig. 5.Fig. 5 is the process chart of manufacture method that is used for illustrating the bearing of mode of execution.And, in Fig. 5, for the manufacturing process of the bearing in the clear and definite mode of execution and the difference of existing operation, with relatively the describing of existing operation.Additional disclosure once, among Fig. 5, existing activity list is shown as " manufacture method of existing material " of surrounding with single-point line.

As shown in Figure 5, in this manufacture method, at first, to become inorganic filler, graphite (artificial graphite, native graphite etc.) and the coke (coal, oil etc.) of aggregate and become the bond (coal-tar pitch that from coal or oil, obtains etc.) of tackiness agent, for example to mix (step 1) with the ratio of tackiness agent 3 mass parts with respect to aggregate 7 mass parts.And when carrying out this mixing, though not shown, preferably interpolation is used to make the homodisperse coupling agent of inorganic filler (silane is coupling agent, titanium coupling agent etc.).

In this step 1, inorganic filler, graphite and the coke that constitutes aggregate mixes with stirrer etc.And when carrying out this mixing, above-mentioned coupling agent is put in the stirrer.This coupling agent is to comprise for example easy material that forms the element of carbide such as Si, Ti, Zr, Al, Cr, Mo, and specifically, can enumerate above-mentioned silane is that coupling agent, titanium are coupling agent etc.

This coupling agent evenly disperses solid matter by the surface of coating solid material (coke, graphite, inorganic filler) in bond (petroleum tar etc.).Like this if solid matter disperses equably, its resistance force diminishes of the torque of aftermentioned kneading machine then, operability is further improved.

In addition, by suitably cooperating inorganic substances, the wear resistance in the time of can improving high loading.At inorganic substances after a little while, with respect to the axle of Fe system, bearing is deliquescing too, and bearing becomes and weares and teares easily.On the contrary for a long time at inorganic substances, with respect to the axle of Fe system, the really up to the mark and scraping axle of bearing.Therefore, the bearing in the mode of execution has been stipulated the configuration scope of appropriate inorganic substances.And, by suitably cooperating inorganic substances, become the hardness suitable with respect to the axle of Fe system, thus the wear resistance can improve high capacity the time.That is, when hardness is low since spool load damage bearing.Opposite to the hardness height, then axle is scratched and weares and teares.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as mentioned above, in aggregate, cooperated inorganic filler.

As this inorganic filler, for example can enumerate the material that comprises at least a oxide of from Si, Fe, Mg, Al and Ca, selecting.And when this inorganic filler became carbon graphite matter base material after the above-mentioned raw materials that comprises it burns till, the Mohs hardness of the burned material of inorganic filler was below 3, preferably 1～3.

In step 2, mix and pinch the aggregate that in this step 1, mixes, above-mentioned bond and the above-mentioned coupling agent that constitutes tackiness agent.This mixing is for example carried out with 150 ℃～160 ℃ temperature.Its result disperses to be blended in the aggregate by bond, obtains the mixed thing of pinching of loose shape.

Then, in step 3, above-mentioned loose shape mixed pinches thing and is added into and carries out size grading in shredder and the tablet machine, thereby obtains feed particles.

Then, in step 4, the size of having carried out the particle (feed particles) of size grading becomes and suitably mixes.By like this, obtain the suitable feed particles of flowability and mould fillibility (below, abbreviate " raw material " sometimes as).

Then, in N-step 5, carry out following mould powder compacting.That is, in this N-step 5, obtain above-mentioned raw materials is shaped to the Dan Pin of the bearing of mode of execution, for example as the shaping thing of the approaching shape of the employed shape of bearing.And, mean in this " shape approaching " and to comprise what is called " compound molding simultaneously " with employed shape, can be and the approaching shape of shape as the bearing of purpose, also with the approaching shape of raw material as a plurality of continuous long sizes of the bearing of purpose.And the occasion in long size cuts out specific length and makes bearing from these raw material.In addition, in " shape approaching ", be occasion cylindraceous at bearing with employed shape, also can be cylindric, in this occasion, dig through the center and form cylindric with the machine flinishing of back.

Additional disclosure in the manufacture method in the present embodiment, uses powder former that each is carried out mould-forming once, makes raw material become for example external diameter Φ 20.5mm, internal diameter Φ 11.5mm and the highly drum of 25mm.The uniaxial tension method from above-below direction is adopted in this moulding.This uniaxial tension rule such as use have last low punch the release mode method of forming, extract the formula method of forming etc.

These two kinds of methods of forming can be improved the density profile of press-powder formed body.These two kinds of methods of forming are in order to prevent the low densityization as a recoil side corner part of the problem of existing unidirectional mould hydraulic press, and have used last low punch.At this, the orientation of the graphite crystallization of the occasion of low punch on having utilized is described with reference to suitable accompanying drawing.Fig. 6 of institute's reference is the explanatory drawing that is contained in many crystallizations of the graphite aggregation model in the bearing, and Fig. 6 (a) is the figure of the existing random graphite aggregate of expression, and Fig. 6 (b) is the figure that tabular graphite aggregate is arranged in expression.

Shown in Fig. 6 (a), in the existing technology of not using low punch, formed the random graphite aggregate of the random configuration of direction of graphite crystallization.To this, if use above-mentioned last low punch, then shown in Fig. 6 (b), the direction unanimity (orientation) of random its graphite crystallization of graphite aggregate and become the tabular graphite aggregate of arrangement of arrangement.By effectively utilizing the direction of this orientation, the performance of aftermentioned bearing further improves.At Fig. 7 of this reference is the stereogram of expression graphite crystallization structure.

As shown in Figure 7, graphite crystallization is the aggregate of representing with hexagonal.And, the net plane of this crystallization ((004) face), friction factor is little, plays the effect of solid lubricant.And the reason that friction factor is little is the relief width between crystallization, and crystallization slip easily each other.On the other hand, hexagonal and (110) face (004) face quadrature, very hard on the contrary, have high-intensity chemical bond.Thereby the aftermentioned bearing in the present embodiment will be somebody's turn to do slip surface (thrust face) use of (110) face as bearing.

Then, in N-step 6 shown in Figure 5, burn till mould powder formed body (uncured formed body) as the above-mentioned formed body that obtains with N-step 5.This burns till in non-oxidative medium, for example carries out 0.5 month with 1000 ℃.Be fired into above-mentioned carbon graphite matter base material by this.Therefore this carbon graphite matter base material is the shape roughly the same with bearing because the mould powder formed body before burning till is the shape approaching with the shape of bearing.And carbon graphite matter base material is owing to thin thickness, so there is not inside and outside temperature difference in firing process.Thus, do not exist by crooked crackle that causes or breach.And for example the reactive material that generates by carbon and inorganic filler reaction can not stayed in the carbon graphite matter base material.In addition, burning till the required time reduces half compared with the prior art.

The carbon graphite matter base material that obtains like this, bond (tackiness agent) finishes the carbonation of chemistry, and the mass percent of fixed carbon is 90～99%, and the mass percent of ash content is 0.5～10%.And, in the tackiness agent before burning till, include mass percent and be 36～60% fixed carbon.

In addition, the mass percent of the volatile fraction of carbon graphite matter base material is below 1%.

Additional disclosure once, fixed carbon can be measured based on JIS R 7212 or JIS K 2425.Ash content can be measured based on JIS R 7223 or JIS M 8812, JIS M 8511 or JIS K 2425.The volatile fraction of carbon graphite matter base material can be measured based on IJS R 7212, JIS M 8812 or JIS M 8511.

Above-mentioned ash content mainly comprises the inorganic substances that are contained in graphite and the coke etc. and for improving the ash content of the inorganic filler that function cooperates.

The adjusting of this ash content for example can be pre-estimated the ash content of the ash content of the coke that uses as raw material and graphite and inorganic filler and regulates.The ash content that the oxide of the above-mentioned inorganic filler of this estimated service life converts is 0.5～10% to get final product with mass percent.

Additional disclosure once, with mass percent, the ash content of coke is 0.19%, the ash content of artificial graphite is below 0.1%, and the ash content of flaky graphite is 1.12%, and the ash content of amorphous graphite is 19.6%, the ash content of high kish is below 0.1%, and the ash content of noncrystalline graphite is 0.33%.And these graphite can be distinguished use separately, perhaps cooperate multiple use arbitrarily.

On the other hand, by cooperating inorganic filler energetically, improve the mechanical strength and the friction and wear characteristic of carbon graphite matter base material (or bearing).In other words, the undecomposed raw material denier beyond fixed carbon remains in the occasion in the carbon graphite matter base material, and in the bearing of embedding with refrigerant compressor, undecomposed raw material softens swelling and makes its reduction in strength.And undecomposed raw material is liquate in refrigerator oil and refrigeration agent, and precipitate in the refrigerant flow path and to hinder flowing of refrigeration agent.Owing to above reason, in the bearing of present embodiment, the undecomposed raw material of thoroughly eliminating in the carbon graphite matter base material becomes important, and the carbon graphite matter base material that is used for the bearing of present embodiment is made of the fixed carbon and the ash content of above-mentioned scope.

Again in addition, the compound that graphite pitch, coal pitch etc. are carbon and hydrogen as the above-mentioned bond major part of raw material, the fixed carbon of measuring based on JIS K 2425 is 55 quality %, remainder is a hydrogen etc.And softening point is 73～92 ℃.

The undecomposed thing of the bond after this bond burns till is softening in the Environmental Conditions of coolant compressor, and by liquate in refrigerator oil and refrigeration agent, reduce the intensity of bearing, and cause the obstacles such as obstruction of separating out the refrigerant piping that is caused by the material of liquate.

In the N-step 6 of the manufacture method of bearing in the present embodiment, in order to suppress the generation of these obstacles, the raw material that comprises above-mentioned bond is heating up gradually more than 400 ℃ and is carrying out thermolysis, thereby and finally rise to 800～2000 ℃ and burnt till, fully by cokeization.

In this manufacture method,, can prevent to react and generate the material of the characteristic that hinders carbon graphite matter base material as the above-mentioned inorganic filler of raw material and carbon by being warmed up to 800～2000 ℃.Additional disclosure once as the method for the characteristic of Indirect evaluation carbon graphite matter base material, for example can be enumerated the method for carrying out the floc experimental tests and utilize the low temperature of shielded-plate tube test to separate out the method for test.

Then, the carbon graphite matter base material that obtains like this becomes and has anisotropic carbon graphite matter base material.That is, the mould powder formed body (uncured formed body) that obtains with N-step 5 becomes the tabular graphite aggregate of arrangement of the direction orientation of graphite crystallization, becomes graphite crystallization and has anisotropic material so burn till carbon graphite matter base material that it obtains.

The graphite crystallization of the carbon graphite matter base material in the present embodiment, its orientation is more than 1.2 with the anisotropy ratio (Ra) of following formula (1) expression.

Ra＝I ₁/I ₂...(1)

(still, in above-mentioned formula (1), I ₁Represent (004) face of graphite crystallization on the slip surface of above-mentioned bearing and axle and (110) face according to the integrated intensity of X-ray diffraction than (integrated intensity of the integrated intensity of (110) face/(004) face), I ₂(004) face of graphite crystallization on expression and the face of above-mentioned slip surface quadrature and (110) face according to the integrated intensity of X-ray diffraction than (integrated intensity of the integrated intensity of (110) face/(004) face).)

In addition, narrate in the back for the basis of anisotropy ratio more than 1.2.

In addition, the carbon graphite matter base material in the present embodiment is 15～50% according to the degree of crystallinity of X-ray diffraction.

Aforesaid carbon graphite matter base material, preferably its flexural strength is more than the 50MPa, and compression strength is more than the 180MPa, the area voids of obtaining with microscope of its pore is preferably average below 15%.

Then, in N-step 7, carbon graphite matter base material is put into vacuum high-pressure and is filled in the stove.At this moment, after the vacuum high-pressure filling stove of having put into molten metal (αGu Rongti of copper) was evacuated, carbon graphite matter base material was immersed in the molten metal.Then, in vacuum high-pressure is filled stove, import in nitrogen and the vacuum high-pressure filling stove and be pressurized to 1～20MPa.Its result fills molten metal at the gap part (pore) of carbon graphite matter base material.And the fill factor of molten metal is 10～50 quality % of goods (bearing described later) preferably.

Then, in N-step 8, the carbon graphite matter base material after the filling is finish-machined to the net shape of goods.This fine finishing is recited as " bearing processing " in Fig. 5.

At this moment, as mentioned above, the shape of the carbon graphite matter base material before filling is the shape roughly the same with the shape of bearing, so when carrying out this fine finishing, the raw material loss is few.And this fine finishing of process obtains the bearing of coolant compressor.

Then, the manufacture method (manufacture method of existing material) of existing bearing is described, promptly cuts out the manufacture method of the mode of a plurality of bearings from block formed body with reference to Fig. 5.And the step 1 among Fig. 5～step 4 is shared, and only is used for the use level of regulation graphite in the prior art.Thereby, in the manufacture method of existing bearing, in the operation corresponding, do not use inorganic filler and tackiness agent (comprising coupling agent) with step 1～step 4.That is, can not produce the new characteristic that the chemical change by material as the feature of the bearing in the present embodiment brings (fixed carbon be more than 99.0% with mass percent and under the Environmental Conditions of compressor, do not produce the decline of intensity, according to the characteristic of softening or the swelling or the extract of refrigerator oil, refrigeration agent).In other words, being dropped in of the aggregate in the present embodiment, tackiness agent, coupling agent burns till that (the N-step 6) stage produces above-mentioned characteristic, when having processed bearing with N-step 8, improves bearing performance and reliability.

As shown in Figure 5, in the O-step 5 in the manufacture method of this existing material, carry out the CIP moulding.In this O-step 5, suitably mix with step 4 carry out size grading particle size and make flowability and the suitable raw material of mould fillibility, for example be filled in the rubber pattern of the block material about making 200mm * 400mm * 800mm.The rubber pattern of having filled this raw material is submerged in the liquid, and applies hydraulic pressure and carry out the isotropy compre sion molding from comprehensive.Its result, the precursor of formation block material.

Then, in O-step 6,, form block material by burning till the precursor of block material.This temperature and time that burns till for example is 1000 ℃ and one month.The graphite crystallization that block material comprised that obtains like this becomes random graphite aggregate as shown in Figure 6, becomes so-called isotropic carbon graphite matter base material.

Then, in O-step 7, block material is processed into the rod unit that section is a rectangle.The equipment that use this moment is cutting machines such as sawing machine.And, carry out surface finishing with near the bearing net shape by the material that for example will be cut to 23mm * 23mm * 300mm, thereby rod unit is made 21mm * 21mm * 300mm.

Then, in O-step 8, used except replacing the carbon graphite matter base material that in above-mentioned N-step 7, uses the above-mentioned rod unit, in vacuum high-pressure is filled stove, carried out the filling step of molten metal with above-mentioned N-step 7 equally and handled.

Then, finish bearing through the bearing processing 3 of the bearing processing 2 of the bearing processing 1 of O-step 9, O-step 10 and O-step 11.And in bearing processing 1, rod unit is processed into cylindrical shape with processing devices such as lathes.In addition, in bearing processing 2, the rod unit that becomes cylindrical shape is processed into drum.And in bearing processing 3, the rod unit that becomes drum carries out fine finishing with processing device and becomes bearing as purpose.

Problems such as mentioned above, obviously its process number is many for the existing bearing method of forming of surrounding with the single-point line, and uses from the processing that cuts out of rod unit and make bearing part, therefore has long processing time, and blanking inconvenience, and the raw material loss is many.And, owing to do not consider the graphite crystallization orientation,, become not enough so the performance of bearing and reliability are different with the bearing in the present embodiment in the stage of burning till.

Then, with reference to Fig. 8 (a), Fig. 8 (b) and Figure 10, the voids of carbon graphite matter base material of the bearing that is used for present embodiment and orientation of graphite crystallization etc. are described.Fig. 8 (a) is the microscope organization chart of the carbon graphite matter base material in the present embodiment, and Fig. 8 (b) is the figure of the distribution of expression hole diameter.At this, at first explanatory drawing 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b).

At this, symbol 16 expressions shown in Fig. 8 (a) comprise the burned material of the inorganic filler of Al, Si etc., symbol 17 expression perforates, symbol 18 expression closed pores, symbol 19 expression carbon graphites.Additional disclosure once, inorganic filler (burned material) 16 comprises for the hardness that improves bearing and wear resistance and the part that cooperates and be contained in part in the raw materials such as graphite as impurity.

As mentioned above, in the bearing of present embodiment, ash content is referred to as ash content (oxide with inorganic filler is scaled 0.5～10 quality %) with the ash content of inorganic filler and the ash content of above-mentioned impurity.

Perforate 17 has the bond thermolysis and hole that the gas that generates is missed and (remaining hole when being formed at gap between the particle of raw material at sintering with reference to the N-step 8) of Fig. 5 when having carried out the metal pattern powder compacting.These holes become continuous hole.Shown in Fig. 8 (b), these continuous holes are distributed in the scope that diameter is about 1～15 μ m.For these holes, metal will be filled more than the 50 quality %.

Then, represent the briquetting pressure of powder former and the relation of area voids with table 1.

Table 1

	Area voids [%]
					On average	Max	Min	σ
	Isotropy carbon graphite matter base material (briquetting pressure 100%)	10.86	17.70	6.52					2.62
Anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material (briquetting pressure 100%)					9.07	14.50	3.37	2.56
	Anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material (briquetting pressure 97%)	14.13	22.60	6.74					3.54
Anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material (briquetting pressure 95%)					17.36	26.70	10.00	3.68

As shown in table 1, in the briquetting pressure of utilizing the hydrostatic pressure mode is the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material that 100% occasion obtains, average area voids in 100 times microscopic fields of view is 10.86%, in briquetting pressure is the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material that 100% occasion obtains, and the average area voids is 9.07%.

In addition, be the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material that 97% occasion obtains in briquetting pressure, area of plane voids is 17.36% under 14.13%, 95% briquetting pressure.This is illustrated in transfer molding load on the surface of contact of particle of raw material, and is delivered on the particle of raw material of bottom again.

Here, Fig. 9 is that briquetting pressure when representing only with the top drift compre sion molding raw material in the powder moulding mold distributes and according to its distribution map of density profile (voids after burning till).

If only use top drift compre sion molding raw material, then the particle of raw material is subjected to the slip resistance of mould wall and can not shows enough propagation of pressure.Its result, shown in Fig. 9 (a), bottom corners portion becomes the part of the little and low density of pressure effect, porous matter.The part of low density and porous matter makes aftermentioned mechanical strength and rub resistance wearing character variation.

Fig. 9 (b) be expression during with both sides' compre sion molding raw material of top drift in the powder moulding mold and bottom drift the briquetting pressure distribution and according to its distribution map of density profile (voids after burning till).

If with top drift and bottom drift both sides raw material is carried out compre sion molding, the low density that produces in the time of then eliminating only with top drift compre sion molding and part, the frangible portion of porous matter shown in Fig. 9 (b), become normal voids and distribute.In a word, the quality of the mechanical strength of aftermentioned bearing and rub resistance wearing character is improved significantly.Particularly obtain the pressure effect of drift, so on the parts of the concentrated load of the axle load of intensity that the assembling that requires compression mechanical part is pressed into and compressor, have the distribution of voids and mechanical strength to play a role as the upper and lower of bearing with imitating.On this part, fill the aftermentioned metal with high pressure.

In addition, closed pore 18 (with reference to Fig. 8 (a)) as the bond of tackiness agent (for example is, coal-tar pitch, coal pitch, petroleum tar) and coupling agent is (for example, silane is that coupling agent, titanium are coupling agent) etc. thermolysis and the hole of gas residue in tissue that generate becomes independent hole when burning till.In this independent hole, when filling, be difficult to fill metal.

Carbon graphite 19 (with reference to Fig. 8 (a)) represents that the graphite area ratio after burning till comes instrumentation by the raman spectroscopy analysis by the mixed tissue of thing after burning till of pinching of formations such as the graphite of raw material, coke, bond (tackiness agent), coupling agent.The graphite crystallization degree of this part can be undertaken specific by X-ray diffraction.Figure 10 of this reference be on the expression carbon graphite matter base material according to the graphite crystallization degree of X-ray diffraction with according to the curve of the relation of the rectangular graphite area ratio of Raman analysis.And the LR laser raman spectroscopy apparatus that the graphite area ratio uses RENISHAW society to make has carried out instrumentation.This instrumentation uses He-Ne laser, at laser output 25mV, wavelength 682.8mm ^-1, wavelength resolution ability 0.2cm ^-1, spatial resolving power 1 μ m (maximum 200 μ m) condition under carry out.And the X shooting diffraction instrument (RINT2500HL) that the graphite crystallization degree uses リ ガ Network society to make is measured.This mensuration is used CuX radiation source and is output as at X ray under the condition of 50kV (250mA) and carries out.Used the concentrated bundle of rays of band monochromators as the optical system in the X-ray diffraction device, and to set slit DS be 0.5deg, slit RS is 0.15mm, and slit SS is 0.5deg.

The degree of crystallinity of carbon graphite matter base material can utilize X-ray diffraction with the Billy of the peak value of the graphite peak value of crystalline and amorphous coke etc. with known in advance raw material production standard sample and by relatively obtaining.Thus, can stipulate the amount and the characteristic of the graphite that the characteristic of bearing is required.

As shown in figure 10, in the present embodiment, the degree of crystallinity of carbon graphite matter base material becomes 15～50%.This degree of crystallinity is 15% when following, and the lubricity of bearing is not enough and wearing and tearing the other side spindle unit, 50% when above as the wearing character variation of bearing, unsatisfactory as the bearing of coolant compressor.

In addition, the rectangular-shaped area ratio of the carbon graphite matter base material of analyzing according to raman spectroscopy can utilize the size of two kinds of peak wavelengths to discern the graphite matter of amorphous coke matter and crystalline.This area is than being to utilize known standard sample to measure the area ratio of graphite.By above content, the graphite in the carbon graphite matter base material of the specific bearing that uses in the present embodiment.It then being equivalent to 45～68%, if this be converted into area ratio.

Then, estimate, then as Figure 11～shown in Figure 13 with the friction-wear test of using the bearing that this carbon graphite matter base material obtains.

Figure 11 is the figure of the relation of expression graphite crystallization degree and wear extent.Figure 12 is the figure of the relation of expression average area voids and wear extent.Figure 13 is the figure of the relation of expression anisotropy ratio and wear extent.

As shown in figure 11, in the occasion of graphite crystallization degree less than 15% (for example, being 45% with the area ratio of graphite structure), hardness is high and the material of the other side's spindle unit (hardness after the quenching: more than the Hv450) brought damage, thereby unsatisfactory.On the other hand, if degree of crystallinity surpasses 50% (for example, being 58% with the area ratio of graphite structure), then softness and wear extent surpass reference value.

As shown in figure 12, be occasion more than 15% in the area voids, the wear extent of bearing increases and the wear extent of axle increases.This is because if the voids increase then increases with the actual tests surface pressure of axle, and the particle of bearing part adhesive strength each other diminishes.Thereby in the present embodiment, being defined as the area voids is below 15%.What represent with mark zero in this Figure 12 in addition, is the value of existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material.

With the friction friction test in the boundary lubrication of refrigeration agent R410A, in the winter of refrigerating plants such as air conditioner warming operation etc., the bottom of imagination refrigeration agent from the indoor set of high temperature side to the coolant compressor of the outdoor unit of low temperature side exists unevenly, produces the so-called state that couches.And in starting operation fast and defrosting running, imagination refrigeration agent or the refrigerator oil that has melted the refrigeration agent of volume are supplied with to bearing portion with some hysteresis.

In aforesaid operating condition (test conditions), the conventional example 6 of Figure 23 is bearing materials that the achievement used is arranged.This wear extent is 27 μ m/2h (13.5 μ m/h).The wear extent of bearing is related to the sealing of axle with the bearing of the sealing (anti-leakage property) in the gap of the oil hydraulic cylinder of rotary type coolant compressor and piston or scroll-type refrigerant compressor, the i.e. sealing of pressing chamber.

So, current corresponding to harsher operating condition, is purpose with further high efficiency, high reliability, with 20 μ m/2h (10 μ m/h) as desired value.Here it is in order to continue to keep the volumetric efficiency in the oil hydraulic cylinder and the necessary desired value of volumetric efficiency of pressing chamber in long-term scope.That is, imagine aforesaid wear test.For the operating condition of the excessive harshness of short time, the wear extent of bearing is below the 20 μ m/2h (10 μ m/h), promptly when test mass 9.8MPa, with below the 10 μ m/h as desired value.

Thereby as shown in figure 13, the wear extent anisotropy ratio corresponding with 10 μ m/h needs 1.2.

As shown in figure 13, the present invention has selected anisotropy ratio more than 1.2, but existing well-known its anisotropy ratio of isotropy carbon graphite matter base material is 1.0.As can be seen from Figure 13, the trial target of anisotropy ratio 1.5 is with respect to wear extent 5.4 μ m/h, and the material of existing anisotropy ratio 1.0 is 13.6 μ m/h, approximately is 1/2.5 times wear extent.And the material of anisotropy ratio 1.8 is wear extent 2.95 μ m/h, thereby is approximately 1/4.6 times wear extent as can be known.As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, anisotropy ratio is defined as more than 1.2.

Then, carried out the mensuration according to the anisotropy ratio of the orientation of the graphite crystallization of X-ray diffraction of expression carbon graphite test material.Its result represents with table 2.And the X-ray diffraction device (RINT2500HL) that this mensuration uses リ ガ Network society to make carries out.This mensuration is used the CuX radiation source and is carried out under the condition of X ray output 50kV (250mA).Used the concentrated bundle of rays of band monochromators as the optical system in the X-ray diffraction device, and to set slit DS be 0.5deg, slit RS is 0.3mm, and slit SS is 0.5deg.

It at Figure 14 of this reference the stereogram of test film of (110) face of the graphite crystallization that forms when having used to greatest extent in pressure forming.

Table 2

	Test face (being equivalent to slip surface)			The right angle face			Anisotropy ratio
								(004) face	(110) face	(110)/(004)	(004) face	(110) face	(110)/(004)
	Conventional example block-shaped (isotropy)	5171	2786	0.539	5455	2870								0.526	1.025
Embodiment's 1 cylindrical shape (anisotropy)							4428	3309	0.747	2547	1061	0.417	1.791

リ ガ Network society system wide-angle x-ray diffraction instrument (RINT2500HL)

X-ray source: Cu

X ray output: 50kV-250mA

Optical system: the concentrated bundle of rays of band monochromators

Slit DS:0.5deg

RS：0.3mm

SS：0.5deg。

The anisotropy ratio here is the integrated intensity that will recently obtain sliding test face and its right angle face according to the peak integration intensity and the integrated intensity of (004) face and (110) face with X-ray diffraction than the time each ratio be defined as anisotropy ratio.That is, anisotropy ratio can be obtained with above-mentioned formula (1).

As shown in Table 2, its anisotropy ratio of block-shaped material that is made of isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of conventional example 1 is 1.025, and its anisotropy ratio of the material of cylindric formed body of the embodiment 1 is 1.791.

Then, for the test film that the cylindrical body base material that constitutes from the carbon graphite matter base material by the bearing that is used for present embodiment is taked, friction and wear characteristic and mechanical property and existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material compare.

At this, test film is described at first.Figure 15 is the ideograph of taking the position of the test film on the expression cylindrical body base material.As shown in figure 15, be with test face on the face of the wire side high density orientation that makes graphite crystallization according to pressure forming with the dark-coloured horizontal A face of representing, concentrate the face of orientation according to X-ray diffraction (004) face.

On the other hand, test face being positioned on the right angle orientation of above-mentioned A face with the dark-coloured face of representing of B longitudinally, is the face that (004) face is minimum and (110) face is orientated most.

Then, this test film T above-mentioned friction and wear characteristic and mechanical property have been estimated.At first, it is cylindric to be with the oblique line face of each test film T that slip surface is made the other side's parts (SCM), has carried out friction-wear test in the gas of refrigeration agent R410A.Its result represents with table 3.And, the test method(s) of the friction-wear test in the gas of R410A is identical with the fretting wear evaluation test method of metal filled carbon graphite matter base material described later.

Table 3

As shown in table 3, in embodiment 3 (briquetting pressure-3%) with the occasion of B face as slip surface, the wear extent of test film T is identical with the test film T of the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of conventional example 2, and the wear extent of the other side's parts is below 1/3 of isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of conventional example 2, and in embodiment 4 with the occasion of A face as slip surface, the wear extent of test film T increases to 1.65 times of conventional example 2.

In addition, with the embodiment 5 of B face as slip surface, the wear extent of test film T is 2.2 times of conventional example 2 with briquetting pressure-5%, and the wear extent of parts increases to 2.5 times relatively.And the embodiment's 5 of this moment friction factor increases to 1.4 times than conventional example 2.As illustrated with Figure 12, this produces because of the voids relation.That is, this be because, if briquetting pressure is reduced to-5% from-3%, then density as pressed descends, voids enlarges, and the test surface pressure of the reduction of mechanical strength and actual tests rises and the pressure degree of orientation of graphite crystallization diminishes.

In addition, the thermal conductivity (W/mK) of embodiment 3 B face becomes good for more about 1.16 times with embodiment 4 A face.This represents the anisotropy ratio of graphite on a macro scale.And the embodiment 2 (briquetting pressure-0%) and the test film T of the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of conventional example 2 compare, and the wear extent of test film T is 1/1.5, and the wear extent of the other side's parts is 1/3, confirms better.This is the effect of the orientation of the graphite crystallization in the present embodiment.

In addition, can also know, embodiment's 2 (briquetting pressure-0%) mechanical property, lateral extrusion load (lateral extrusion intensity) is identical with the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of conventional example 2, and flexural strength, hardness are low a little, but no problem in practical application.And, do not make clear in the prior art as the restriction of the required flexural strength of bearing, compression strength.That is, be applied to when being pressed into and be equivalent to lateral extrusion load 150N (lateral extrusion intensity 18.6MPa) more than the flexural strength 50MPa on the bearing, present embodiment has been stipulated this value.In addition, be equivalent to the anti-load of bearing and running shaft more than the compression strength 180MPa, that is, if this compression strength a little less than then running shaft (axle) destroyed and become the generation inordinate wear reason.In the strong occasion of compression strength, it is minimum to keep this damage, so can guarantee reliability.

The result of thermo-chemical stability test of the carbon graphite matter base material of the bearing that is used for present embodiment then, is described.

In the combination that is used for representational refrigeration agents such as air conditioner, refrigerator and water heater and refrigerator oil (viscosity grade), implemented shielded-plate tube test (150 ℃, 40 days).Then, studied the variation of the flexural strength of the rising of the caused total acid number of deterioration of the low temperature property separated out (40 ℃), refrigerator oil of outward appearance, liquate thing and carbon graphite matter base material.In the table 4 that its result represents.

Table 4

Refrigeration agent	Refrigerator oil (viscosity)	Appearance change	The low temperature property separated out	Total acid number [mgKOH/g]	The variation of flexural strength
						R410A	POE(68)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
R134a	POE(10)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
						R407C	PVE(68)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
R404A	POE(68)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
						R600a	MO(10)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
R290	MO(56)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
						R744	PAG(100)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%
R717	MO(46)	No abnormal	No abnormal	0.05 below	In ± 5%

As shown in table 4, in the suitability evaluation with polyethylene ether oil (PVE oil), refrigerator oil, the low temperature property separated out, flexural strength all do not note abnormalities at the HFC of R410A, R134a, R407C, R404A refrigeration agent and ester system's oil (POE).And, in the combination of the hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent of R600a and R290 and mineral oil (MO), do not note abnormalities equally with above-mentioned yet.Have again, with R744 (CO ₂), R717 (NH ₃) and the high-pressure bottle that is used in combination of PAG, MO implemented same test, after taking out after the test, enclose R134a again and implemented low temperature and separate out test, here also do not note abnormalities and relatively better.From these contents as can be known, as the bearing part of employed coolant compressor under the coexistence of above-mentioned refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil, be fit to use.

In addition, the carbon graphite matter base material that burns till is owing to exist the hole, therefore has the problem that friction and wear characteristic and mechanical property reduce under the operating condition of harshness.This is because lubricant oil soaks into from above-mentioned hole and the hydraulic pressure distribution is descended.

Below, use Figure 16～Figure 18 that the improvement of this respect is described.And Figure 16 is the concept map of the bearing model of expression porous matter carbon graphite matter base material, Figure 16 (a) is the concept map of the model of expression before metal filled, Figure 16 (b) is the concept map of the model of expression after metal filled, and Figure 16 (c) is the figure of the lubrication model of expression shaft bearing.Figure 17 fills the phase diagram of metal and the figure of expression mechanical property.Figure 17 (a) is the mechanical property (tensile strength: σ of the solid solution of expression copper-Xi system _B, hardness: H _B, elongation percentage: the figure of relation δ), Figure 17 (b) are the figure of metallic state of the ternary system of expression copper-Xi-phosphorus, are the areal extent and the α+Cu of the αGu Rongti in the expression present embodiment ₃The figure of the areal extent of P.Figure 18 is the figure of the electrode potential of the representational filling metal of expression.

At first, shown in Figure 16 (a), bearing 20 is bearings that the carbon graphite matter base material processing and fabricating with porous matter hole before metal filled is formed, axle 21 is axles of quench hardening, in above-mentioned axle 20 along clockwise direction (right-hand rotation) in from low speed to high speed scope (among Figure 16, represent rotating speed with N, for example 800～8000rpm) interior rotations.Symbol 22 is the lubricant oil with refrigerator oil and refrigerant mixed, and the rotation of this lubricant oil 22 by axle 21 is incorporated between axle 21 and the bearing 20 and plays wedging action, lifts spools 21 shown in Figure 16 (a).If this power of lifting greater than the axle load p, then becomes so-called fluid lubrication and can prevent Metal Contact.That is, can prevent the wearing and tearing of the bearing that causes by contact.But if the axle load p uprises and the lubricating oil viscosity step-down, then the hydraulic pressure by wedging action is impregnated in the bearing, and hydraulic pressure distributes and descends.Under this state, can not keep sufficient fluid lubrication.That is, shown in Figure 16 (c), boundary lubrication zone and the coexistence of fluid lubrication zone.Enter into so-called Mixed lubrication zone.As mentioned above, this state produces owing to harsh operating condition etc., is out of question when running usually.Bearing 20a shown in Figure 16 in the present embodiment (b) is with the bearing behind the metal filled porous matter hole.If use this bearing 20, it is minimum then can to suppress soaking into of lubricant oil.That is, the hydraulic pressure distribution A (with reference to Figure 16 (a)) before hydraulic pressure distribution B and the filling relatively can improve greatly.What represent it is exactly the size (with reference to Figure 16 (a) and (b)) of hydraulic pressure distribution A and hydraulic pressure distribution B.

The so-called harsh running of the high speed rotating that coolant compressor is improved fast then, is described.Even coolant compressor fuel system difference when the running beginning, is in the state that does not form oil film between bearing 20 and the axle 21.Make axle 21 rotations under (time lag) at the state of this oil film not, then cause Metal Contact and generate heat, reach wearing and tearing and adherent phenomenon.And, in the warming operation pattern in winter,, therefore concentrate on the lower curtate (bottom) in the coolant compressor and form the what is called state that couches because refrigeration agent condenses and inhomogeneous at the outdoor unit of air conditioner.The refrigeration agent that exists in this bottom is by axle 21 fuel feeding between axle 21 and bearing 20.Volume comprises the lubricant oil of this refrigeration agent, and viscosity pole is low and oil film that form is minimum and become boundary lubrication.If under this state, turn round, then cause Metal Contact and follow heating that refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil are decomposed, produce so-called corrosive wear and adherent phenomenon.In order to eliminate these wearing and tearing and adherent phenomenon, among the bearing 20a shown in Figure 16 in the present embodiment (b), the hole portion to carbon graphite matter base material has considered wear resistance and corrosion resistance, selected to guarantee long-term reliability the best metal and fill.In addition, existing bearing is to have filled a kind of metal of selecting or based on the bearing of the alloy of these metals in carbon graphite from IB family, the VIII family of removing Fe and Sn.

Then, illustrate and guarantee that long-term reliability improves the selection of the filling metal of wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

Carbon graphite is expensive material, and base metal between as freeze cycle and coolant compressor, have the occasion of moisture of trace, by the decomposition of electrochemical action accelerated corrosion and refrigeration agent.Fill following the carrying out of selection of metal, that is, various filling candidate metal impregnations in the refrigerator oil that comprises moisture 100ppm (ester oil), have been studied the chemical change that has kept the refrigerator oil under 1 hour the situation with 250 ℃.Its result is illustrated in the table 5.

Table 5

	Outward appearance after the test	Fatty acid concentration [ppm]
			Zn	Zero (faint yellow)	43
Sn	Zero (faint yellow)	43

Al	Zero (faint yellow)	11
			Fe	Zero (faint yellow)	24
Cu	Zero (faint yellow)	18
			Pb	* (fuscous)	1239
The Sn scolder	* (fuscous)	846
			Bronze	Zero (faint yellow)	24
Phosphor bronze	Zero (faint yellow)	16
			Phosphor-copper	Zero (faint yellow)	26
Blank	Zero (faint yellow)	22

As shown in Table 5, Pb (lead), comprise Sn (tin) scolder of active substance (cosolvent), fatty acid concentration uprises unusually and can not use.On the other hand, Al (aluminium) is though fatty acid is few, with the base material reaction and generate complex carbide, so is not suitable as the filling metal when filling.In addition, Cu (copper) owing to be soft, therefore passes through the improvement deficiency of the mechanical strength of reinforcement though fatty acid is few.Have, Zn (zinc) and its fatty acid of Sn (tin) rise to about 2 times of Cu (copper) again.

In addition, solute metal Pb (lead) is 36ppm in the oil, and the Sn scolder is 16ppm, and other metals all are 0.1ppm following (outside the detection limits), can not see the obvious errors between the metal below the 0.1ppm in the test of short time.

Present embodiment is in order to improve the mechanical strength as the shortcoming of Cu, and not with carbon graphite matter base material generation chemical reaction, with Sn (tin), Zn (zinc), Si metal alloyizations such as (silicon), and in order to suppress the generation of fatty acid, the scope of specific αGu Rongti is filled.As αGu Rongti Cu (copper)-2.3%Be (beryllium), Cu (copper)-5.0%Si (silicon), Cu (copper)-9.7%Al (aluminium), Cu (copper)-12%Sn (tin), Cu (copper)-29%Zn (zinc) etc. is arranged, and Be (beryllium), Si (silicon) and Al (aluminium) at high temperature react with carbon graphite matter base material, need bottom line to stop the method for reaction during filling.Cu (copper), Sn (tin) and Zn (zinc) reaction under fusing point filling operation temperature nearby is few, is suitable for operation.Thereby, at this narration alloy that Cu (copper)-Sn (tin) is.

At Figure 17 of this reference is to fill the phase diagram of metal and the figure of expression mechanical property.Figure 17 (a) is the mechanical property (tensile strength: σ of the solid solution of expression copper-Xi system _B, hardness: H _B, elongation percentage: the figure of relation δ), Figure 17 (b) are the figure of metallic state of the ternary system of expression copper-Xi-phosphorus, are the areal extent and the α+Cu of the αGu Rongti in the expression present embodiment ₃The figure of the areal extent of P.Figure 18 is the figure of the electrode potential of the representational filling metal of expression.

The alloy that Cu (copper)-Sn (tin) is have Figure 17 (a) and (b) shown in metallic state figure and the relation of mechanical property, its Sn of αGu Rongti (tin) is about 12% scope.The tensile strength sigma of this moment _BBe approximately 1.8 times, hardness is about 1.6 times, obtains by filling the effect of improving in hole.On the other hand, the αGu Rongti of Cu (copper) since before liquate Zn (zinc), Sn (tin), the Si base metal solid solutions such as (silicon) of explanation in the tissue of Cu (copper), therefore the corrosion potential of this material becomes the electrode potential with the fine copper par as shown in figure 18 in appearance.Promptly, αGu Rongti can improve mechanical strength significantly and have the corrosion resistance that equates with fine copper, especially in coolant compressor and refrigerating plant, can reduce the potential difference of the αGu Rongti of the electrode potential of carbon graphite matter base material and Cu (copper), can improve the reliability of following corrosion significantly.

In addition, as shown in table 5, can be used for bronze [Cu (copper)+Sn (tin)], phosphor bronze [Cu (copper)+Sn (tin)+P (phosphorus)], the phosphor-copper [Cu (copper)+P (phosphorus)] of the bearing of present embodiment, can be limited to the low-level fatty acid concentration approximate with fine copper.Have again, as the method for the mechanical strength of reinforcing alpha solid solution, by with P (phosphorus) with Cu ₃The form solid solution of P or part are separated out, and the characteristic of carbon graphite matter base material can be do not damaged and mechanical strength and rub resistance wearing character can be improved, be a purpose of present embodiment.In addition, the representational Cuprum alloy that is used to fill experiment is BC3, PBC3, the BCuP2 of JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard).In addition, if will verify metal filled 10～50 quality % that will strengthen tissue, for example, with aftermentioned metal filled before and metal filled after each quality of bearing (with reference to Figure 20 (a) and (b)), quality after filling deducts the quality before filling and obtains amount of metal, this is removed with the quality after filling get final product.At this, the reason that is defined as 10～50 quality % is to have selected the result in the best place of operability, makes the material and the following material of 10 quality % that surpass 50 quality % and is difficult to realize in the filling stove of present situation.And if make below the 10 quality %, then operability variation not only, and mechanical strength or friction and wear characteristic reduce significantly.

Then, the explanation Cuprum alloy that will form the αGu Rongti of Cu (copper) be filled into the method in the carbon graphite matter base material and fill after material behavior.

Figure 19 is alloy fusion in vacuum high pressure filling equipment that expression will form the αGu Rongti of Cu (copper), and the ideograph of an example in the hole of high pressure filling carbon graphite matter base material.Figure 20 (a) is that the section that the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material from bulk cuts out is the ideograph of the rod unit of rectangle, and Figure 20 (b) is the ideograph of expression cylinder or anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material cylindraceous.Figure 21 (a) is the microscope organization chart before anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material metal filled, and Figure 21 (b) is the microscope organization chart behind anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material metal filled.

At first, Cuprum alloy is filled into vacuum high pressure filling equipment in the carbon graphite matter base material in this explanation.

As shown in figure 19, vacuum high pressure filling equipment 23 has metal melting furnaces 25, hangs basket 26 and lift 27 in vacuum vessel 24.And, after hanging basket 26 internal fixation are filled carbon graphite matter base material, be pumped into vacuum in the vacuum high pressure filling equipment 23 and discharge gas.Then, the αGu Rongti with the Cu (copper) in the metal melting furnaces 25 makes Cuprum alloy add fusion.And, in the liquid of the Cuprum alloy of this heating and melting, use lift 27 hanging to flood in the basket 26 to be filled carbon graphite matter base material.

Then, from inert gases such as inlet 28 nitrogen injections, metal melting furnaces 25 internal pressures are pressurized to for example high pressure of 10MPa, and keep this high pressure.Its result in the hole part that is filled carbon graphite matter base material, has filled Cuprum alloy forcibly.As the pressure that pressurization is filled, corresponding with the hole distribution map of Fig. 8 (b), for example need 20MPa during diameter 1 μ m, when 2 μ m, need 10MPa.In common practical application, the space fill factor is 62～90% when 10MPa.The occasion little in briquetting pressure and the hole is also big also can fill about 50% with 1MPa.

Afterwards, make the temperature of the subsolidus that hangs basket 26 risings and be cooled to Cuprum alloy and finish solidifying of metal.Then, pressurized gas are released to make in the atmosphere in the vacuum high pressure filling equipment 23 and become normal pressure.Under this state, metal filled graphite substrate is taken out in vacuum high pressure filling equipment 23.

Here, in the present embodiment, will rockfill black substrate forming for approaching cylindric of the shape of using after carry out the filling of Cuprum alloy.Therefore, the metal concentration of the Cuprum alloy on the full week of inner peripheral surface that has carried out accurately machined carbon graphite matter base material on the bearing of final use form and outer circumferential face is roughly even.This is because following reason.

In carbon graphite matter base material cylindraceous, filled the occasion of the Cuprum alloy of fusion, owing to fill Cuprum alloy from outer circumferential face and inner peripheral surface, so the metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and outer circumferential face is roughly even.Thereby,, also can obtain the roughly final uniformly bearing that uses form of metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and outer circumferential face even in the occasion of having carried out machine flinishing.

On the other hand, in the occasion of columned carbon graphite matter base material, fill Cuprum alloy from outer circumferential face to the center of cylinder, so the metal concentration of the Cuprum alloy in the cylindrical body is roughly even according to the distance from the center to the outer circumferential face.Therefore, utilizing the machine flinishing operation, be processed into the occasion of cylindrical body from cylindrical body, the metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and outer circumferential face is also roughly even.In addition, even before metal filled, columned carbon graphite matter base material is processed into the occasion of cylindrical body, as mentioned above, owing to fill Cuprum alloy from outer circumferential face and inner peripheral surface, so the metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and outer circumferential face is also roughly even.Even thereby carrying out adding accurately machined occasion, also can obtain the roughly final uniformly bearing that uses form of metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and outer circumferential face.

The bearing that is used for coolant compressor as Figure 20 (a) and (b), when for example being set at external diameter Φ 19mm, internal diameter Φ 16.0mm, not shown height 15mm, is made by rod unit and cylinder part.In the occasion shown in Figure 20 (b), bearing is processed above-mentioned cylinder part and is made into external diameter Φ 20.5mm, internal diameter Φ 11.5mm, height 25mm.And above-mentioned size is the example that has added α in order to comprise retained part on net shape.Additional disclosure once, in the example shown in Figure 20 (a), through the operation that is processed into cylinder by rod unit (with reference to the O-step 9) of Fig. 5, justify operation (with reference to the O-step 10) of Fig. 5 and cylinder is carried out accurately machined operation (make with reference to the O-step 10) of Fig. 5 and finally to finish size into cylinder by cylinder processing.That is, the dotted line of representing with single-point line among Figure 20 (a) represents finally to finish size.

If compare rod unit shown in Figure 20 (a) and the cylinder part shown in Figure 20 (b), then the cylinder part shown in Figure 20 (b) is 1/5 of the rod unit shown in Figure 20 (a) with metal filled ratio, with volume ratio is 2/5, and filling the useful area ratio of metal in carbon graphite matter base material is 13/60.And relatively rod unit shown in Figure 20 (a) and the cylinder part shown in Figure 20 (b) have confirmed the heat amount of draining out when dipping.On the consumption of filling metal, filling time, the throughput etc., the manufacture method of the bearing of present embodiment is better.

Then, the machinery and the physical property of the carbon graphite matter base material of metal filled in the explanation of use table 6.Table 6 is to have summed up the machinery of the carbon graphite matter base material of having filled metal and the table of physical property.

Table 6

	Base material	Fill metal	Flexural strength [MPa]	Compression strength [MPa]	Lateral extrusion/lateral extrusion load [N]/intensity [Mpa]	Area voids [%]	Area fill factor [%]
								Conventional example 3	Isotropy	Bronze (BC3)	117	488	255/31.7	0.86	7.66
Embodiment 6	The anisotropy cylindrical body	Bronze (BC3)	110	476	250/31.1	1.31	6.49
								Embodiment 7	Phosphor bronze (PBC3)	119	474	254/31.6	2.98	4.82
Embodiment 8		Phosphor-copper (BCuP2)	118	475	263/32.7	1.54	6.10
								Embodiment 9	The anisotropy cylindrical body	Bronze (BC3)	116	483	253/31.5	1.70	6.13
Embodiment 10	Phosphor bronze (PBC3)	124	481	259/32.2	0.98	7.40
							Embodiment 11	Phosphor-copper (BCuP2)		117	478	268/33.3	1.63	6.52

Conventional example 3 in the table 6 is that the area voids in being illustrated in table 1 is the material of having filled bronze (BC3:P amount 0) in average 10.86% the isotropy carbon back material, and the area fill factor is 7.66%, and being equivalent to unfilled area voids is 0.86%.And area space fill factor is 90%.

Below, the carbon graphite matter base material as present embodiment is described, be 9.07% in the average area voids shown in the table 1, filled the embodiment of metal in the cylindrical anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material.

Embodiment 6 is the materials of having filled bronze (BC3), and the area fill factor is 6.49%, and the area voids is 1.31%.And area space fill factor is 83%.

Embodiment 7 is the materials of having filled phosphor bronze (content of PBC3:P is 0.05～0.5 quality %), and the area fill factor is 4.82%, and the area voids is 2.98%.And area space fill factor is 62%.

Embodiment 8 is the materials of having filled phosphor-copper (content of BCuP2:P is 6.8～7.5 quality %), and the area fill factor is 6.10%, and the area voids is 1.54%.And area space fill factor is 80%.

Then, the carbon graphite matter base material as present embodiment is described, is 9.07% in the average area voids shown in the table 1, has filled the embodiment of metal in the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of cylindrical body.

Embodiment 9 is the materials of having filled bronze (BC3), and the area fill factor is 6.13%, and the area voids is 1.70%.And area space fill factor is 78%.

Embodiment 10 is the materials of having filled phosphor bronze (PBC3), and the area fill factor is 7.40%, and the area voids is 0.98%.And area space fill factor is 88%.

Embodiment 11 is the materials of having filled phosphor-copper (BCuP2), and the area fill factor is 6.52%, and the area voids is 1.63%.And area space fill factor is 80%.

In addition, as shown in table 6 confirming, embodiment 6～embodiment 11 flexural strength, compression strength, lateral extrusion intensity (lateral extrusion load), with conventional example 3 projects intensity differences all little (roughly ± 5%) relatively, can guarantee more than the flexural strength 50MPa as the target of bearing base material, more than the compression strength 180MPa.Have again, can also confirm,, can guarantee more than the 18.6MPa (lateral extrusion load 150N) with the columnar trial target of external diameter Φ 19mm, internal diameter Φ 16mm, height 14.3mm as lateral extrusion intensity (lateral extrusion load).

Figure 21 be among the embodiment 7 of the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material in table 6 metal filled before (a) and fill the microscope organization chart of (b) afterwards.In Figure 21, black part is represented the hole, and the part in blocks of grey is represented carbon graphite matter base material.And the organization chart of Figure 21 (a) of the state before the metal is filled in expression, represents the B face that briquetting pressure is made as 100% o'clock anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material with embodiment's 2 explanations of table 3.And, be illustrated in the organization chart of the Figure 21 (b) after metal filled, expression with the embodiment 2 of table 3 illustrate briquetting pressure is made as 100% o'clock the hole of B face of anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material partially filled photomicrograph during metal.White portion represents the metal of filling, and black part is represented not filling part.That is, be illustrated in to mechanical strength and lubricant film and bring the hole of obstacle to fill the state of metal 62～90%.

As mentioned above, anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material among the embodiment (the embodiment 6～embodiment 11 of table 6 expression), because area space fill factor is 62～90%, and in 62～90% the hole of bringing obstacle for mechanical strength and lubricant film, filled metal, therefore can improve performance to mechanical strength and lubricant oil.And, for mechanical strength (flexural strength, compression strength, lateral extrusion intensity), confirm and can satisfy the required intensity of bearing.

Table 7 and table 8 are forms of thermo-chemical stability of having estimated the mixture of the relative refrigeration agent of carbon graphite matter base material of having filled metal and refrigerator oil.

Table 7

Table 8

Be meant x 〉=5 more than ※-x%

Test conditions shown in table 7 and the table 8 is based on the condition with the shielded-plate tube test of JIS K 2211 (refrigerator oil) regulation.Promptly, the carbon graphite matter base material that will comprise refrigerator oil (ester oil) 5mL, refrigeration agent (R410A) 0.5g of moisture 100ppm and be made into the size that can put into glass tube (vertical 3mm * horizontal 4mm * length 50mm) in advance is sealing into glass tube, has implemented to be envisioned for the heat test during 150 ℃ * 40 days of Environmental Conditions of the bearing in the coolant compressor.Then, estimate the reliability relevant with the thermo-chemical stability after the heat test.Embodiment 12 in the table 7 is the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base materials of having filled phosphor bronze (PBC3), and embodiment 13 is the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base materials of having filled phosphor-copper (BCuP2).Then, in the environment of room temperature state and-40 ℃, placed 4 hours, and under this state, carried out following each test in the front and back of heat test, promptly, the total acid number test of the acid content quality of the resultant by the visual property the separated out test of carrying out the solute thing that outward appearance confirms, when confirming to make the refrigerator oil chemolysis by refrigeration agent etc., and will be present in the fatty acid test that the free fatty acid amount in the refrigerator oil is analyzed with gas chromatography.Its result, confirming in the front and back of heat test does not have obvious errors on all test result.This is identical with conventional example 4 (having filled the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of bronze (BC3)).And in the flexuraltest of the carbon graphite matter base material that uses embodiment 12,13, confirming does not have obvious errors yet before and after heat test.By above test, confirm that the carbon graphite matter base material among the embodiment is used as the raw material of bearing is no problem.

In addition, the a kind of of the metal filled carbon back material of anisotropy (vertical 3mm * horizontal 4mm * length 50mm), HFC refrigerant R134a, R407C, R404A or hydrocarbon (HC) refrigeration agent R600a, R290 (0.5g) and refrigerator oil (ester oil) 5mL that comprises moisture 100ppm or 500ppm are sealing in the glass tube, have implemented to be envisioned for the heat test during 150 ℃ * 40 days of Environmental Conditions of the bearing in the coolant compressor.Then, the result who has estimated the reliability relevant with the thermo-chemical stability after the heat test is illustrated in the table 8.In table 8, the refrigeration agent in the hurdle that embodiment 14～embodiment 27 expression will fill the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material that is recorded in the metal in the hurdle of filling metal, be recorded in refrigeration agent and be recorded in the result who tests after refrigerator oil in the hurdle of refrigerator oil makes up.In these results, the having or not of the variation of form and aspect, outward appearance precipitate, flexural strength, total acid number all do not note abnormalities after heat test, can practical application as bearing thereby confirm.In addition, in the analysis of the metal in the refrigerator oil that carries out with the time identical with the evaluation shown in table 7 and the table 8, Cu (copper), Sn (tin), P (phosphorus) be detection limit following (＜0.01ppm), confirm good corrosion resistance.This shows that the obvious errors that is caused by poor (100ppm, the 500pmm) that be contained in the amount of moisture in the refrigerator oil is not all represented identical corrosion resistance in any amount of moisture.

Sum up above content, the carbon graphite matter base material of present embodiment is being the HFC series coolant (R134a, R404A, 407C etc.) of representative with R410A, is being that refrigerator oil and R600a, R290 are in the chemical stability of the HC refrigeration agent of representative and mineral oil (MO) with ester to have the high reliability of practicability.

Then, with CO ₂Refrigeration agent (R744), PAG are that refrigerator oil (moisture 150ppm) and the test film of filling metal carbon graphite matter base material are put in the metallic pressurized container, have estimated the relevant reliability of thermo-chemical stability under the Environmental Conditions of coolant compressor.And, the CO that use this moment ₂The amount of refrigeration agent is 40g, and the amount of refrigerator oil is 40mL, and test is the heat test during 150 ℃ * 40 days.In this test, in the Test item of form and aspect, flexural strength, total acid esters etc. with before the blank of explanation more do not note abnormalities more yet.In addition, the visual test that outward appearance is confirmed can not be carried out in above-mentioned canister, so enclose refrigerator oil and refrigeration agent (R134a) after the test, the material of visual judgement liquate in above-mentioned horminess glass tube.Here, confirm and when room temperature and-40 ℃, do not have precipitate.In addition, clear and definite ammonia refrigerant and copper reactive high, so outward appearance and the low temperature property separated out difference and do not have practicability.

Below, the friction and wear characteristic of Environmental Conditions of the coolant compressor of the imagination air conditioner of the carbon graphite matter base material of having filled above-mentioned metal and refrigerating plant etc. is described with reference to Figure 22～Figure 25.

Figure 22 is the figure of the configuration of expression friction-wear test sheet.Figure 23 is the friction-wear test of having used as the R410A of gas refrigerant, will with this test determination to the figure that compares with conventional example and embodiment of wear extent.Figure 24 is the friction-wear test of having used as the R410A of gas refrigerant, will with this test determination to the figure that compares with conventional example and embodiment of average friction coefficient.Figure 25 is the CO that has used as gas refrigerant ₂Friction-wear test, will with this test determination to the figure that compares with conventional example and embodiment of wear extent.

As shown in figure 22, but the friction-wear test sheet constitute by fixed plate 29 and moving plate 30.And fixed plate 29 is envisioned for bearing, but moving plate 30 is envisioned for axle (steel that Hv450 is above: the carburizing and quenching of SCM415 for example, surface accuracy Rz=1.2 μ m is following).In addition, but when using fixed plate 29 and moving plate 30 to carry out evaluation test, the running environment of imagination coolant compressor, but fixed plate 29 and moving plate 30 form shape and the size that can carry out the fretting wear evaluation test under the hyperbaric environment of refrigeration agent.

But the test conditions that said fixing sheet 29 is reached the evaluation test of moving plate 30 is illustrated in the table 9.

Table 9

Refrigerator oil	No
		Refrigeration agent	R410A
Ambient temperature [℃]	20～30
		External pressure [MPa]	0.5
Surface pressure [MPa]	9.8
		Speed [m/s]	1.2
Time [h]	2

This test conditions is as the accelerated test condition of the harshness under the boundary lubrication running of imagination thing lubricant oil state.Promptly, this test conditions, be equivalent to bearing surface pressure at testing surface pressure, and test speed is equivalent in the operating condition of coolant compressor of peripheral velocity of axle, become refrigeration agent and in compressor, couch and be stored in the bottom, and lubricant oil can not arrive the condition of axle and bearing portion when quick starting etc.

Then, as shown in figure 23 as can be known, in the cylinder and cylindrical base material of embodiment 28～34 anisotropy carbon graphite, filled the material of bronze (BC), phosphor bronze (PBC), phosphor-copper (BCuP), under any circumstance with in isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, filling of conventional example 5 bronze (BC) material relatively, wear extent is improved to about 1/2.In addition, in the block formed body of the isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of embodiment 33 and 34, filled in the material of phosphor bronze (PBC), phosphor-copper (BCuP), the material that has also confirmed with filling of conventional example 5 bronze (BC) in isotropy carbon graphite matter base material compares, and its wear extent is low.This is to contain phosphorus (Cu ₃The fiting effect of Cuprum alloy P).That is, though conventional example 5 is same anisotropy carbon graphite materials, owing to do not put into phosphorus, therefore with respect to being 6 μ m/2h in the bearing wear amount, embodiment 33 is 5.1 μ m/2h.And embodiment 34 is 3.4 μ m/2h.Thereby as can be known, in embodiment 33,34, more also improved wear extent with conventional example 5,6.Have again, conventional example 6 before it described graphite crystallization degree be that 86% (embodiment 28～34 graphite crystallization degree is 15～50%) is bigger, and mechanical strength is low, so the poor of wear extent occur with embodiment 28～34.

Then, as shown in figure 24, with in isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, filling of conventional example 5 bronze (BC) material relatively, in isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, filled the embodiment 34 of phosphor bronze (PBC), filled the embodiment 33 of phosphor-copper (BCuP), the embodiment 32 of the bronze (BC) of in the cylinder formed body of anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, filling, filled the embodiment 31 of phosphor bronze (PBC), filled the embodiment 30 of phosphor-copper (BCuP), in the cylinder formed body of anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, filled the embodiment 29 of bronze (BC), and the embodiment 28 who has filled phosphor bronze (PBC), friction factor and proportional the diminishing of P (phosphorus) content of filling metal.Owing to put into P (phosphorus), the αGu Rongti of Cu (copper) is filled in the mesh-shape hole of carbon graphite matter base material and the strength of materials is improved, and has the effect that reduces friction factor thereby as can be known.

Then, as shown in figure 25, at the CO that has used as gas refrigerant ₂Friction-wear test in, its wear extent of isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of conventional example is below the 2 μ m/h.The wear extent of embodiment's anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material also is below the 2 μ m/h.In addition, filled bronze material (infiltration product) in isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, bronze material (infiltration product) is roughly the same with having filled in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, and wear extent increases unusually.If the testing surface pressure as the condition of this friction-wear test is 20MPa, then advance wearing and tearing with filling generation friction chemical reaction between the metal, so the packless independent base material of this occasion is better at refrigeration agent on the rubbing surface.Thereby know, about CO ₂Wearing and tearing in the refrigeration agent, base material, the product of filling all do not have isotropy, anisotropic obvious errors, can be used for practical application.

Then, with reference to explanations such as suitable accompanying drawings with embodiment's anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material as fixed plate 29 (with reference to Figure 22), and change the test result that testing surface pressure has carried out wear test.Figure 26 is the interior change of the scope testing surface pressure that is illustrated in 5～15MPa, and has carried out the result's of wear test figure in as the R410A of gas refrigerant.And, as the refrigeration agent of the present invention as object, can enumerate R134a, R410A, R407C, R404A etc. as mentioned above, the formation element is C (carbon), F (fluorine), H (hydrogen), the corrosive wear that relates to friction chemical reaction under environment is representative with the R410A that uses as refrigeration agent in this test.

In addition, as the refrigerator oil of present embodiment, as mentioned above, can enumerate POE (ester oil), PVE (ether oil) etc., and in this test, use POE as refrigerator oil as object.

In the wear test in above-mentioned gas (with reference to Figure 23, Figure 24), in R410A as gas refrigerant, carry out with certain speed 1.2m/s, testing surface pressure 9.8MPa, in above-mentioned gas, carried out wear test in the gas under the 5MPa that becomes front and back of wear test and the 15MPa here.Other condition such as table 10 are set.

Table 10

Project	Wear test in the gas	Anti-load test
			Refrigeration agent	R410A	R410A
Refrigerator oil	-	Ester is a refrigerator oil

External pressure [MPa]	0.5	1.8
			Ambient temperature [℃]	20	80
Surface pressure [MPa]	5～15	1.8
			Maximum surface pressure [MPa]	-	98
Surface pressure loading speed [MPa/s]	-	0.15
			Speed [m/s]	1.2	1.2
Time [h]	2	-

In addition, in anti-load test, be saturating test sheet in the mixed base grease of refrigerator oil (VG68) at refrigeration agent R410A and polyol ester, testing surface pressure increases continuously pressure in the scope of 1.8～98MPa.And, when testing surface pressure becomes 98MPa (Max pressure), finish anti-load test and measured wear extent.Other conditions such as table 10 record.

As shown in figure 26, in conventional example 7, if testing surface pressure 9.8MPa becomes testing surface pressure 15MPa, then wearing and tearing are sharply risen and are arrived 16 μ m/h.In addition, in conventional example 8, the wear extent during testing surface pressure 9.8MPa is the material of 12 μ m/h, and wear extent rises to 20 μ m/h when testing surface pressure 15MPa.In embodiment 35, the wear extent during testing surface pressure 9.8MPa is the following materials of 2 μ m/h, and wear extent becomes 14 μ m/h when testing surface pressure 15MPa.In addition, in embodiment 36, the wear extent during testing surface pressure 9.8MPa be 2 μ m/h with blanking, wear extent becomes 3.7 μ m/h and becomes below 1/3 of embodiment 35 when testing surface pressure 15MPa.

Figure 27 is that expression is changed into 1.8～98MPa with surface pressure, and imagination in the mixed solution of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil Mixed lubrication and carried out the result's of wear test figure, Figure 27 (a) is the figure that has measured the relation of the surface pressure of isotropy carbon graphite (piece) and friction factor, and Figure 27 (b) is the figure that has measured the relation of the surface pressure of anisotropy carbon graphite (cylinder) and friction factor.Figure 28 (a) and (b) be the figure of the relation of the expression embodiment's that filled metal the surface pressure of anisotropy carbon graphite and friction factor, Figure 28 (c) are the figure of the relation of the surface pressure of the expression existing isotropy carbon graphite of having filled metal and friction factor.Figure 29 is the wear extent comparative test result's of axle, bearing in the test result of expression Figure 28 (a) figure.

The anti-load of Figure 27 (a) expression isotropy carbon graphite matter base material, shown in Figure 27 (a), in this wear test, begin friction factor from testing surface pressure 23MPa and sharply rise, produce the destruction of rubbing surface and test film self fracture when testing surface pressure 60MPa.

The anti-load of Figure 27 (b) expression anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, shown in Figure 27 (b), in this wear test, test film self fracture when test mass 75MPa.In the wear test of this Figure 27 (b), demonstrate and the same characteristic of isotropy carbon graphite matter base material.

Figure 28 (a) and (b) reach and (c) are illustrated in the anti-load of having filled the occasion of metal in the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, as Figure 28 (a) and (b) and (c), in this wear test, anisotropy carbon graphite+phosphor bronze, anisotropy carbon graphite+phosphor-copper and isotropy carbon graphite+bronze, its friction factor are all roughly being passed below 0.1.And, in this wear test, understood that the existence owing to the oil film face improves anti-load tremendously.

The figure of typical example of the wear extent when Figure 29 is the off-test of expression Figure 28 (a), as shown in figure 29, the wear extent of conventional example 9 its fixed plates is 80 μ m/2h, but the wear extent of moving plate is 1.5 μ m/2h, the wear extent of conventional example 10 its fixed plates is 352 μ m/2h, but the wear extent of moving plate is 3.2 μ m/2h.

In addition, the wear extent of embodiment's 37 its fixed plates is 5 μ m/2h, but and the wear extent of moving plate be 1.2 μ m/2h.The wear extent of embodiment's 38 its fixed plates is 13 μ m/2h, but and the wear extent of moving plate be 2.5 μ m/2h.

Confirm according to above test result, under the mixed lubricating state and boundary lubrication condition under the operating condition of the harshness of coolant compressor, the bronze (BC) of filling in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material and the material of phosphor bronze (PBC) are good especially.

Sum up above content, in the part in the gap of raw material particle on the B face of the formed body of the cylinder of carbon graphite matter base material or cylinder etc., fill the αGu Rongti of the Cu (copper) that comprises P (phosphorus), this part mechanical strength height, for example bronze (BC) is Hv117, phosphor bronze (PBC) is Hv128, phosphor-copper (BCuP) is Hv105, thinks and is surrounded hard and crisp carbon graphite matter base material (Hv146～211) and strengthened carbon graphite matter base material by these.

Then, embodiment's product that explanation will have an above test result are encased in the R410A coolant compressor of refrigerating plant etc., and the test result when enclosing the refrigeration agent of volume and having carried out compressor limit breakdown test according to the high speed intermittent running of transducer starting.In test result, existing product (isotropy carbon graphite formation of lots base material+bronze (BC) is filled) and embodiment's (anisotropic carbon graphite cylinder shape base material+phosphor bronze (PBC) filling), on each rubbing surface of axle and bearing, almost find the vestige of slip, shown good result at the aspects such as deterioration of wear extent and oil.Equally in refrigerator, use reciprocal compressor in the combination of the combination of R600a and mineral oil and R134a and ester oil, to carry out the result that long-term reliability is estimated, do not note abnormalities.In water heater, use scroll compressor in the combination of R744 and PAG oil, to carry out the result that long-term reliability is estimated in addition, do not note abnormalities.In other words, under common user mode, embodiment's bearing satisfies the refrigerating plant of real achievement or the operating condition of compressor in the past, and can confirm to have than existing product excellent characteristic more with aforesaid test.

Then, for clear and definite in common low load region middle (center) bearing characteristic, reach (b) with reference to Figure 30 (a), the relation (Stribeck curve) of the friction factor of relative Sommerfeld (Sommerfeld) number in the time of will having changed the testing surface pressure (P) of viscosity (η), axle and the bearing of the refrigerator oil that is stored in the refrigeration agent in the coolant compressor under the temperature of regulation that has melted the characteristic that has shown in Figure 16 (c) and peripheral velocity (V) is with relatively describing of existing carbon graphite matter base material and embodiment's carbon graphite matter base material.

Figure 30 (a) is the figure of the Stribeck curve of expression anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, and Figure 30 (b) is the figure of the Stribeck curve of expression isotropy carbon graphite matter base material.

In this test of obtaining above-mentioned Stribeck curve, (viscosities il: 26 * 10 in 40 ℃, the practical environment of mixing of refrigeration agent (R410A), refrigerator oil (ester oil) ^-3Stribeck curve when the test mass of Pas), obtaining is 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa.From Figure 30 (a) and (b) as can be known, in the occasion of the low test mass of 1MPa, the η V/P of anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material is better than isotropy carbon graphite matter base material.This be because, the average void fraction of base material, isotropy are 10.86%, anisotropy is 9.07% (with reference to Fig. 8),

Then, reach (b) with reference to Figure 31 (a), the Sommerfeld number in the time of will having changed the testing surface pressure (P) of bearing of the viscosity (η) of the refrigerator oil that is stored in the refrigeration agent in the coolant compressor under the temperature of regulation of having melted the characteristic that has shown in Figure 16 (c), axle and peripheral velocity (V) and the relation (Stribeck curve) of friction factor are with relatively describing of existing carbon graphite matter base material and embodiment's carbon graphite matter base material.

Figure 31 (a) is the figure of Stribeck curve of the existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of expression, and Figure 31 (b) is the figure of Stribeck curve of the metal filled isotropy carbon graphite matter base material of expression existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material+bronze (BC).

Obtain this test of above-mentioned Stribeck curve, imagination will be carried out with the situation that the established amount of the R410A that represents HFC refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil is enclosed with the bearing and the axle of above-mentioned existing isotropy carbon graphite matter base material or existing metal filled isotropy carbon graphite matter base material formation.

At this moment, imagine following situation and carry out, promptly the temperature limit of refrigerator oil is decided to be 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃, and testing surface pressure is defined as 1MPa, 2MPa and 3MPa, peripheral velocity is limited in the scope of 0.012m/s～1.2m/s, and the functional viscosity in the coolant compressor is limited to (η) 9.5 * 10 ^-3Pas～26 * 10 ^-3The scope of Pas.And, in this test, but used fixed plate shown in Figure 22 29 and moving plate 30.The result of each Stribeck curve that evaluation is obtained is as follows.

Shown in Figure 31 (a), isotropy carbon graphite matter base material is if η V/P becomes 10[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] below, then friction factor sharply increases, and uses this material big by mechanical loss that the friction of bearing causes under high testing surface pressure, low speed, low viscous environmental conditions separately.This hope uses η V/P to be 10[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] more than.

Shown in Figure 31 (b), metal filled isotropy carbon graphite matter base material and Figure 31 (a) are same, preferably use η V/P to be 1.2[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] more than.

Figure 32 (a) relates to embodiment, is the figure of Stribeck curve of the metal filled anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of expression anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material+phosphor bronze (PBC).

Shown in Figure 32 (a), this metal filled anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material η V/P when axle load is 1MPa and 2MPa is 0.9[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] and and keep the low friction zone territory, become so-called Liquid Lubrication Condition and can reduce the mechanical loss of axle and bearing.Thereby initial stage running-in and lubricant film retentivity are good, can be enough to bear the use under low viscosity, low speed rotation (for example 1000rpm) high loading.

Figure 32 (b) is illustrated in the test conditions of the Stribeck curve of obtaining Figure 32 (a), and 60 ℃ of temperature are changed to 80 ℃, and with viscosity 14 * 10 ^-3Pas changes to viscosity 9.5 * 10 ^-3The figure of the Stribeck curve that the occasion of Pas is obtained.From these Figure 31 (b), Figure 32 (a) and (b) measurement result as can be known, the lubricating condition of the working fluid of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil coexistence, preferably (viscosity or the coefficient of viscosity) V of η at least (the peripheral velocity)/P (load) of the Sommerfeld number of axle and bearing is 0.8[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] more than, it is little to confirm the bearing mechanical loss in this test.And as can be known, in the scope of 0.15～20MPa, the wear extent of bearing is little at least for the average surface pressure (axle load) of the axle of the lubricating condition of the working fluid of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil coexistence and the Sommerfeld number of bearing.If have the coolant compressor of the bearing of making according to above result, then the caused mechanical loss of the friction of bearing diminishes, and wear extent also reduces.Therefore, according to this bearing, the sound and the vibration of coolant compressor reduce, and improve according to the sealing of non linear compressor room, can prevent the reduction of volumetric efficiency (η V).Its result according to this bearing, can obtain power saving and can guarantee the coolant compressor and the refrigerating plant of reliability.

Figure 33 is the figure that the Stribeck curve to carbon graphite matter base material carries out medelling.As shown in figure 33, the filling product of metal are filled product relatively with nothing, and occasion its friction factor identical at η V/P significantly improves, and especially can form the low fluid lubrication zone of friction factor.

In addition, as the refrigerating machine device of the actual machine of present embodiment, for example can enumerate family and commercial with air conditioner, refrigerator, dehumidifier, water heater, laundry dryer, showcase, freezing mechanism, air conditioner for automobile machine etc.In these machines, also can guarantee above-mentioned reliability by the bearing that uses present embodiment.

Additional disclosure once, the reliability evaluation on these actual machine is following to carry out.

For example, in refrigerator, on the bearing and piston of reciprocatable refrigerating agent compressor, used the material of in the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of present embodiment, having filled phosphor bronze (PBC).And this reciprocatable refrigerating agent compressor has the oil hydraulic cylinder of cast iron, the axle of cast iron and the wrist pin of low-alloy steel.Then, in this refrigerator, in this reciprocatable refrigerating agent compressor, enclose, implemented life test with 40 ℃ permanent room temperature as " R134a " 200g of refrigeration agent with as the polyol ester 259g of refrigerator oil.

In addition, for being sealing into refrigerator in the reciprocatable refrigerating agent compressor, also carried out same life test as " R600a " 100g of refrigeration agent with as the mineral oil 234g of refrigerator oil.

Its result in any refrigerator, has brought into play good refrigerating capacity, and no abnormal damage on slide members such as axle, bearing and oil hydraulic cylinder, confirms these refrigerators and has kept high reliability.

In addition, for example in home-use air conditioner, on the swivel bearing and main bearing of scroll-type refrigerant compressor, used the material of in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, having filled phosphor bronze (PBC) in the present embodiment.And, in this scroll-type refrigerant compressor, used the modified axle of carburizing and quenching steel.

And, in this home-use air conditioner, carried out in this scroll-type refrigerant compressor, having enclosed as " R410A " 1450g of refrigeration agent with as the polyol ester 407g of refrigerator oil, and the life test when under the imposing a condition of suction pressure 1.03MPa and head pressure 3.19MPa, having carried out warming operation.

Its result, this home-use air conditioner has been brought into play good cooling gas ability and heating capacity, and the abrasive damage of slide member such as axle, bearing is minimum, confirms this home-use air conditioner and has kept reliability with clog-free level in the practicality.

In addition, on the bearing of rotary type coolant compressor and impeller, having used the home-use air conditioner of in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, having filled the material of phosphor bronze (PBC) in the present embodiment to carry out life test.And this rotary type coolant compressor has the axle of cast iron and the roller of cast iron.In this rotary type coolant compressor, enclose as " R410A " 1450g of refrigeration agent with as the polyol ester 407g of refrigerator oil, the life test when having carried out under the imposing a condition of suction pressure 1.03MPa and head pressure 3.19MPa, having carried out cold air operation.

Its result, this home-use air conditioner its, the abrasive damage of slide member such as roller is little, confirm this home-use air conditioner and kept reliability with clog-free level in the practicality.

In addition, for example in heat pump water heater, on the swivel bearing and main bearing of scroll-type refrigerant compressor, used the material of in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, having filled phosphor bronze (PBC) in the present embodiment.And, in this scroll-type refrigerant compressor, used the modified axle of carburizing and quenching steel.

Then, in this heat pump water heater, in this scroll-type refrigerant compressor, enclose " CO as refrigeration agent ₂" 1150g and as the polyglycols of refrigerator oil oil 500g, carried out the test of packing into that about 80 ℃ hot water carries out continuously.

Its result, this heat pump water heater has been brought into play good boiling ability, and no abnormal wearing and tearing on slide members such as axle, bearing, does not also find the generation of sound, vibration etc. during running.

As mentioned above, in refrigerating plant with coolant compressor of for refrigerator oil 1 refrigeration agent being enclosed with the ratio more than 0.2 with mass conversion, between the other side's parts such as slide members such as the bearing of in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, having filled phosphor bronze (PBC) in the present embodiment and axle, do not find the unusual damage that causes by fretting wear to confirm the performance that to keep sufficient coolant compressor.

Refrigerating plant R1, the R2 of present embodiment (below, abbreviate " refrigerating plant " as) owing to have the structure of above explanation, therefore have following effect.

Promptly, as the coolant compressor SC, the RC that are used for refrigerating plant (below, abbreviate " coolant compressor " as) bearing 2c, the 4a, 15 (below, abbreviate " bearing " as) of slide member on, used the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of fixed carbon 90～99 quality %.The pore of this anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, microscopical area voids is below 15%.And, in the perforate over half except closed pore of this pore, be filled with the solid solution of the copper that contains phosphorus.

In this refrigerating plant, in the occasion of having used halogenated hydrocarbon series coolant, hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent, natural series coolant etc. as refrigeration agent, do not fill the anti-load in the Mixed lubrication of carbon graphite matter base material (the area voids is below 15%) of metal, friction factor sharply rises when 20MPa.It will contain the material that the solid solution of the Cu (copper) of P (phosphorus) is filled in the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material and diminish up to its friction factor of 98MPa, so can constitute coolant compressor and the refrigerating plant that the burn heating is little and reliability is high on the other hand.

In addition, the composition of the Cu (copper) that fills in anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material is that Sn (tin) 5～15%, P (phosphorus) 0.1～0.5%, remainder are Cu (copper).That is, contain solid solution Cu ₃The alloy of the Cu (copper) of the P of P (phosphorus) 0.1～0.5%-5～15%Sn (tin) forms αGu Rongti or disperses Cu ₃The tissue of P.Its result, its hardness of bearing become Hv128 and mechanical strength and rub resistance abrasiveness and improve.That is, by improving the endurance of coolant compressor, its performance of refrigerating plant and reliability improve.

In addition, in refrigerating plant, being filled in Cu (copper) solid solution in the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material, also can be that P (phosphorus) 0.01～8.0%, remainder are Cu (copper).This bearing is owing to become Cu ₃The solid solution of P and Cu (copper), and with Cu ₃P is dispersed in Cu (copper) Cu ₃Tissue among the P improves so hardness becomes Hv105 and mechanical strength and rub resistance abrasiveness.That is, by improving the endurance of coolant compressor, its performance of refrigerating plant and reliability improve.

In addition, refrigerating plant is because (that selects HAB (Hard Alkylbenzene) oil is at least a, so the liquate that is contained in the bearing is few to the material in refrigeration agent and the refrigerator oil from mineral oil, polyol ester (POE (PolyolEster)) oil, polyglycols (PAG (Polyalkylene Glycol)) oil, polyvinylether (PVE) oil, polyalphaolefin (PAO (Poly Alpha Olefins)) oil and hard alkylbenzene as the refrigerator oil use.Thereby coolant compressor can prevent to separate out the material of liquate in its refrigerant piping and situation about stopping up.

In addition, refrigerating plant is because the inclosure ratio of refrigerator oil 1 mass parts that refrigeration agent uses relatively is more than 0.2 mass parts, so refrigerator is an oil 1: the inclosure ratio of refrigeration agent 0.5～1, air conditioner is an oil 1: the inclosure ratio of refrigeration agent 1～5 grade, even when warming operation, become what is called that refrigeration agent is offset to the bottom of the coolant compressor state that couches, also can correspondence begin fast.That is, in the boundary lubrication that occasion produced that begins fast by transducer, also can guarantee the stable bearing performance of bearing load, become the refrigerating plant of high-performance, high reliability to 9.8MPa.

In addition, refrigerating plant is because the operation mode of its coolant compressor is constant speed or speed change, even so operation mode is in the revolution of the axle that begins coolant compressor under the condition fast is in 0～8000 rev/min the running repeatedly, also have the performance that is enough to bear, become high reliability, high performance device.

And, refrigerating plant is because refrigeration agent or the moisture concentration in the oil in the running are 1～1000ppm, so is that moisture is that moisture is the Environmental Conditions of 1～50ppm in 50～500ppm, the refrigerator in 500～1000ppm, the home-use air conditioner for commerce with moisture in the air conditioner, its chemical stability of bearing is good, the variation of the damage of refrigerator oil and the mechanical strength of bearing is minimum, so become the device of the coolant compressor with high reliability.

In addition, owing to make compressing mechanism is reciprocating type, rotary type, eddy type, swing, spiral, and use the coolant compressor of slide part product (slide member) such as bearing, roller, impeller, piston, so rub resistance abrasiveness and mechanical and physical performance are good, by use coolant compressor and the refrigerating plant that high reliability can be provided as the slide part product.

In addition, refrigerating plant is because the temperature of the coolant compressor that uses is below 150 ℃, so under 150 ℃ operating condition of the accelerated test of 120 ℃ of the E kind, 130 ℃ of the B kind and short time, the coolant compressor of bearing of packing into has stable Performance And Reliability, becomes the good device of high temperature resistant environment.And refrigerating plant is owing to use R410A, R404A, R407C, R134a and use chemical formula CF as refrigeration agent ₃Natural series coolants such as hydrocarbon system refrigeration agents such as halogenated hydrocarbon series coolant, R600a, R290 such as the fluoro idohydrocarbon series coolant that I represents and R744 are so the liquate that is contained in the bearing is few to the material in refrigeration agent and the refrigerator oil.Thereby coolant compressor can prevent to separate out the material of liquate in its refrigerant piping and situation about stopping up.

In addition, refrigerating plant is because in the lubricating condition of the working fluid of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil coexistence, the average surface pressure (bearing surface pressure) of the Sommerfeld number of axle and bearing is at least 0.15～20MPa, so friction factor is little and the mechanical loss of bearing is also few, and wear extent also reduces, so sound and vibration also diminish.And this refrigerating plant improves according to the sealing of non linear compressor room, can prevent the decline of volumetric efficiency.Its result, but refrigerating plant power saving and guarantee reliability.

In addition, the lateral extrusion intensity of the carbon graphite matter base material that the shaping thing that bearing has been to use will contain carbon graphite matter aggregate and bond mixed to pinch the approaching shape of shape that thing is shaped to and uses obtains through burning till is the bearing more than the 18.6MPa, above-mentioned carbon graphite matter base material comprises fixed carbon 90～99 quality %, ash content 0.5～10 quality %, and volatile fraction 1 quality %, graphite crystallization degree according to X-ray diffraction is 15～50%, the orientation of graphite crystallization is more than 1.2 with the anisotropy ratio with formula (1) expression, so, composition after burning till and characteristic become clearly, become the parts of high abrasion resistance.

And, bearing in the mode of execution satisfies the lateral extrusion intensity of regulation, and wear extent also is reduced to existing 1/1.5～1/3, so can not only minimally suppress the generation of vibration, noise, and can minimally suppress the obstruction of stopping up and causing by goods circuit friction powder by the fuel feeding stream that the friction powder causes.

In addition, bearing in the mode of execution is owing to be to use the bearing of the carbon graphite matter base material that flexural strength 50MPa is above, compression strength 180MPa is above, so except obtaining above-mentioned effect,, can prevent the generation of the inordinate wear of axle by regulation flexural strength, compression strength.Its result, the bearing in the mode of execution becomes the high parts of reliability.

In addition, bearing in the mode of execution since above-mentioned mix pinch thing and also comprise inorganic filler, and this inorganic filler is the material that comprises at least a oxide of selecting from Si, Fe, Mg, Al and Ca, and the Mohs hardness of the burned material of above-mentioned inorganic filler is below 3, so except obtaining above-mentioned effect, the wear resistance in the time of can also further improving high loading.That is, can prevent because hardness is low with the load damage bearing of axle, perhaps on the contrary owing to the hardness height makes a situation of scratch wearing and tearing.

And the bearing in the mode of execution contains the inorganic filler of 0.5～10 quality % owing to converting with oxide, so except obtaining above-mentioned effect, by suitably cooperating inorganic substances, the wear resistance in the time of can improving high loading.That is, there is not bearing, because bearing part is crossed soft or really up to the mark and the situation scraping axle for Fe system.

In addition, bearing in the mode of execution is because its microscopical area voids of carbon graphite matter base material is average below 1 5%, so except obtaining above-mentioned effect, the wear extent of bearing reduces, and the adhesive strength between carbon graphite plasmid improves, so mechanical property improves.

In addition, the bearing in the mode of execution is owing to used R410A, R404A, R407C, R134a, CF ₃Natural series coolants such as hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent, R744, R717 such as halogenated hydrocarbon series coolant, R600a, R290 such as I, and mineral oil, POE oil, PAG oil, PVE oil, PAO oil, HAB wet goods refrigerator oil have been used as refrigerator oil, and the material of liquate is below 1% in these refrigerator oils and refrigeration agent, aspect floc, do not separate out precipitate, so except obtaining above-mentioned effect, under Environmental Conditions, carbonization unreacted reactants such as bond can be from the bearing liquate when low temperature, separate out.And the mechanical strength when high temperature of the bearing in the mode of execution can not reduce and the chemical change of freezing-inhibiting machine oil and refrigeration agent.

As shown in figure 24, under the condition of boundary lubrication in R410A gas refrigerant environment, P (phosphorus) content is many more can to reduce friction factor more.In the present embodiment, owing to use the carbon graphite matter substrate forming bearing of having filled the copper αGu Rongti, this copper αGu Rongti contains phosphor-copper or the phosphorus of 0.05～7.5 quality %, therefore obtains providing the good effect of the bearing that friction factor is little and frictional loss is few.

In addition, the metal filled preceding degree of crystallinity of present embodiment use is 15～50% carbon graphite matter substrate forming bearing.As Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11, when degree of crystallinity was 15～50% scope, the area ratio of the matrix of graphite suitably was suppressed, and wear extent tails off.Thereby, obtain providing the excellent results of the good bearing of mechanical strengths such as wear resistance.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the αGu Rongti that is conceived to Cu (copper) shows the identical electrode potential with Cu (copper) in appearance, uses with Cu ₃The form of P contains semimetallic P (phosphorus), and improves mechanical property and corrosion resistance, and uses the carbon graphite matter substrate forming bearing that has improved the rub resistance abrasiveness.Thereby, obtain providing the excellent results of the bearing of high abrasion resistance.

And, in the present embodiment, make and will in the αGu Rongti of the Cu that contains phosphor-copper or P (phosphorus) (copper), disperse to separate out Cu ₃P and to make its build up become hardness be the above alloy of Hv100, in above-mentioned carbon graphite matter base material, fill the coolant compressor bearing of the refrigerating machine of 20～70 quality %, so, filling metal flow well and easily is impregnated in the hole, and can not produce the reaction product (intermetallic compounds) with carbonaceous, use the carbon graphite matter base material that has improved the rub resistance abrasiveness to come the moulding bearing.Thereby, obtain providing the excellent results of the bearing of high abrasion resistance.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the αGu Rongti that contains the Cu (copper) of phosphor-copper or P (phosphorus), and the content of P (phosphorus) is the preceding carbon graphite matter base material of filling of 0.05～7.5 quality %, make graphite crystallization degree according to X-ray diffraction and be the coolant compressor bearing of 15～50 refrigerating machine, so can access the coolant compressor bearing of the not poor and refrigerating machine that mechanical property, corrosion resistance and rub resistance abrasiveness are good of operability.

Have again, in the present embodiment, when carrying out bearing after the compound molding, use is burnt till and the carbon graphite matter base material that obtains is processed into bearing, therefore amount of finish also can less, can shorten the required time of processing, and also reduce, therefore obtain to reduce the excellent results of manufacture cost as the discarded amount of smear metal.

The manufacture method of the bearing of present embodiment is as follows, to contain carbon graphite matter aggregate and bond mixed to pinch the powder former compre sion molding that thing is used as the uniaxial tension machine of above-below direction be cylindric or cylindric, the graphite crystallization degree that extends according to X ray of the carbon graphite matter base material after the shaping thing that obtains burnt till is for making 15～50%, and lateral extrusion intensity is made more than the 18.6MPa.If describe in detail, then will mix the carbon graphite matter aggregate raw material of pinching makes material and volume with suitable size distribution by granulation and classification and is filled in the cylinder shaping die, utilize upper punch and low punch transfer molding pressure equably, make the hole that between the raw material particle, produces become little and carry out the press-powder moulding densely.To this uncured formed body (with the formed body of mould powder molding procedure formation), applying suitable temperature and time carries out cokeization, burns till, and carry out the production management of graphitizing reaction, make the graphite crystallization rate be included in 15～50 quality %, thus the bearing that provides a kind of anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of present embodiment to be finished.And, because lateral extrusion intensity is more than the 18.6MPa, therefore be the manufacture method that the bearing that is enough to satisfy practical intensity can be provided.

In addition, be that a kind of mixing pinched the manufacture method that thing also comprises the bearing of inorganic filler.Thereby, except obtaining above-mentioned effect, the wear resistance in the time of can further improving high loading.That is, be that a kind of load that can prevent owing to axle that provides is damaged bearing, perhaps axle is scratched and the manufacture method of the bearing of the situation of wearing and tearing.

And, be that its flexural strength of carbon graphite matter base material is more than the 50MPa, and compression strength is the manufacture method of the above bearing of 180MPa.Thereby carbon graphite matter base material distributes by manage sinter bonded between the raw material particle and space lessly, improves substrate property, from but a kind of flexural strength and compression strength after metal filled are provided is the manufacture method of the bearing more than the specified value.

In addition, be that carbon graphite matter base material is cylindric, and in this carbon graphite matter base material, fill the metal melting body, and by the machine flinishing operation, make the metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and the outer circumferential face roughly manufacture method of uniform bearing that becomes.Thereby, in the vacuum filling device, import carbon graphite matter base material cylindraceous, after carrying out vacuum exhaust, carry out fusion with filling metal with the temperature that surpasses liquidus curve, behind dipping, become high pressure and be filled in the portion of hole, promote then and be cooled to after the following temperature of solidus temperature, return normal pressure and taking-up, this manufacture method since from the filling of the interior periphery of bearing apart from short and effect equably, therefore be that a kind of bearing inner and outer circumferential surfaces that provides is stable tissue and the manufacture method that can guarantee the bearing of the lateral extrusion intensity that 18.6MPa is above.

In addition, be that carbon graphite matter base material is cylindric, and the center of this carbon graphite matter base material is dug through and form cylindric, in the carbon graphite matter base material cylindraceous that obtains, fill the metal melting body then, make the metal concentration in the full week of inner peripheral surface and the outer circumferential face manufacture method of bearing uniformly that becomes roughly by machine flinishing again.Thereby, in the vacuum filling device, import carbon graphite matter base material cylindraceous, after carrying out vacuum exhaust, carry out fusion with filling metal with the temperature that surpasses liquidus curve, behind dipping, become high pressure and be filled in the portion of hole, promote then and be cooled to after the following temperature of solidus temperature, return normal pressure and taking-up, this manufacture method since from the filling of the interior periphery of bearing apart from short and effect equably, therefore be that a kind of bearing inner and outer circumferential surfaces that provides is stable tissue and the manufacture method that can guarantee the bearing of the lateral extrusion intensity that 18.6MPa is above.

In addition, be in the area voids of obtaining with microscope is above-mentioned carbon graphite matter base material below 15%, the manufacture method of soaking into the bearing of metal melting body with the pressure high pressure of 1～20MPa.Thereby, the hole distributive law of carbon graphite matter base material is the scope of about 1～15 μ m, according to the wrapping angle of filling metallic surface tension force and carbon graphite matter base material, can extrapolate that to soak into pressure for the about 1 μ m of hole diameter be more than the 20MPa, and needing high pressure more than the 10MPa equally for about 2 μ m, is a kind of manufacture method that the bearing of the area space fill factor more than 50% that obtains the hole at least is provided.Thus, improved oil film retentivity, be difficult to cause boundary lubrication as bearing.

In addition, be to be used for the bearing that the coolant compressor of refrigerating machine is used, and the material of liquate is the manufacture method of the bearing of 1 quality % in extracting solvent R141b.Thereby, the cokeization of raw material is more than the 99 quality % with fixed carbon, does not use flux etc. during filling, does not use working fluid when machining, therefore in liquate refrigeration agent R141b test, can make from bearing part is manufacture management below the 1 quality % to the liquate material of liquate refrigeration agent.And, be a kind of manufacture method that the few bearing of the refrigerant piping obstacle of following liquate is provided.

Be used for the carbon graphite matter base material on the carbon graphite matter bearing that coolant compressor had of present embodiment, the area voids of obtaining by microscopic examination is below 15%, because of guaranteeing intensity.And fixed carbon comprises 90～99 quality %, and remainder is an ash content, does not therefore have undecomposed raw material, can prevent the decline of intensity.Have again,, therefore can reduce friction factor owing to filled copper or the Cuprum alloy that contains phosphorus.As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, has the excellent results that the coolant compressor with the good carbon graphite matter bearing of mechanical strength can be provided.

In addition, in the carbon graphite matter bearing that coolant compressor had of present embodiment, because the Sommerfeld number represented with η V/P is 0.8[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] more than, so obtain reducing the excellent results of the mechanical loss of bearing.

And, spindle unit as the relative parts of the carbon graphite matter bearing that coolant compressor had of present embodiment, its hardness is more than the Hv450, therefore obtain following excellent results, promptly with respect to the Hv146 of carbon graphite portion～211 of bearing, fill metal Hv105～128, little and the slip surface temperature of friction factor suppresses lowlyer, and can make the wearing and tearing of axle and burn minimum.

In addition, the carbon graphite matter bearing that coolant compressor had of present embodiment, owing to used the carbon graphite matter base material that lateral extrusion intensity 18.6MPa is above, compression strength 180MPa is above, therefore, obtaining for cast iron or iron is the frame of agglomerated material, by suitable loading of pressing in, the excellent results of rigid bearing effectively.If with embodiment explanation, then above-mentioned bearing portion product are pressed into to be pressed into fastening surplus 50～150 μ m for the inboard that by iron is the frame that constitutes of agglomerated material.And the loading of pressing in of this moment is 1.5～3kN.The binding strength of the bearing of making has like this been guaranteed 1.5～3.7kN to take out power.Confirmed if be in this state with the actual machine test, then under 150 ℃ high temperature use, guaranteed enough strength of connections.

In addition, owing to make as the HFC refrigeration agent and use R410A, R134a, R404A, use R600a as hydrocarbon coolant, R290, use R744 as natural refrigeration agent, the coolant compressor of any one of R717, and use by polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil, mineral oil, polyglycols oil, the polyethylene ether oil, the coolant compressor of the refrigerator oil that at least a composition of poly-a-olefin oil and hard alkylbenzene oil constitutes, so, the material that obtains circuit liquate in the mixture of refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil in bearing is few, and separate out the minimum excellent results of influence to refrigerant piping (for example, stop up etc.).

In addition, because the ratio that will be contained in the moisture in the refrigerator oil is made as 1～1000ppm, so it is good to obtain chemical stability, and the minimum excellent results of variation of the mechanical strength of the corrosion of bearing and damage, carbon graphite ester group material.

In addition, since make mix refrigerant and refrigerator oil lubricant oil lubricating condition with the Sommerfeld number (η V/P) of η (viscosity or coefficient of viscosity) V (peripheral velocity)/P (load) expression 0.8～50[(Pasm/s)/(GPa)] scope in coolant compressor, so it is good to obtain friction and wear characteristic, and little, the wear extent that can reduce bearing of the mechanical loss of axle, and can reduce the good effect of sound, vibration.And obtaining can be with the excellent results of volumetric efficiency with the high level long term maintenance.

In addition, fill the carbon graphite matter base material before the metal, hard and crisp on the microcosmic, the carbon graphite layer is because machining and produce otch or crackle with the thrust of axle, thus in this hole partially filled metal.Its result, carbon graphite matter base material is such before the characteristic value of carbon graphite matter base material as shown in table 3 and the filling shown in the table 6, and for example the flexural strength of the carbon graphite matter base material before filling metal is 75MPa, and rises to 110～124MPa by filling metal.And, lateral extrusion intensity can be improved to 31.1MPa (250N)～33.3MPa (268N) from 21.8MPa (is 175N with lateral extrusion load), can satisfy coolant compressor machining, be pressed into the required necessary condition of assembling, actual machine running.

In addition, become in the hole of carrying out opening in 15% ground in the area voids of obtaining by microscopic examination and to fill metal, thereby improve wear resistance.That is, the part of the connection in hole is disappeared, the fluid lubrication zone of the low coefficient of friction on the Stribeck curve of imagination shaft bearing therefore as Figure 32 (b) shown in, occurs, can reduce spool and the mechanical loss of bearing owing in the hole, filling metal.Promptly, shown in Figure 31 (a), at the η of Sommerfeld number V/P is 1 o'clock, friction factor for the carbon graphite matter base material of not filling metal is 0.15, the friction factor of having filled the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of bronze (BC) drops to 0.05, the friction factor of having filled the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of phosphor bronze (PBC) drops to 0.02, represents stable Liquid Lubrication Condition.And, at η V/P is 1 when following, under the state that has mixed refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil, in refrigeration agent R410A gas, the axle and the wearing character of bearing can be improved to the wear extent 5.9 μ m/h that do not fill the carbon graphite matter base material of metal below the wear extent 4 μ m/h of the anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material of having filled metal.

As mentioned above, obtain to provide the excellent results of the bearing of high abrasion resistance in the present embodiment.

In addition, the scope of the αGu Rongti of Cuprum alloy is for example shown in Figure 17 (a), when the Sn in Cuprum alloy (tin) is 0～12% scope, with the characteristic of independent copper relatively, tensile strength sigma _BWith hardness H _BIncrease, can improve mechanical strength.On the other hand, corrosion resistance is if describe with apparent single electrode potential, then become as shown in Figure 8,, therefore can keep less with the potential difference of expensive especially carbon graphite matter with electrochemical properties if current potential is represented roughly certain value that about 20mV is following.And, same with the suitability evaluation test of the carbon graphite matter base material shown in table 3, the table 4, impregnating metal is filled carbon graphite matter base material in the refrigerator oil of the moisture that contains minute quantity, in shielded-plate tube test of having enclosed various refrigeration agents or pressure vessel testing, the result who has estimated the influence in the practical environment is shown in table 7, table 8.In combination as R410A, R407C, R134a, R404A and the refrigerator oil of HFC refrigeration agent, as R600a, the R290 of HC refrigeration agent and the combination of refrigerator oil, and CO ₂In the R744 of refrigeration agent and the combination of refrigerator oil, the carbon graphite matter base material of in carbon graphite matter base material, having filled phosphor bronze or phosphor-copper of present embodiment, the variance ratio of its outward appearance, the low temperature property separated out, total acid number and flexural strength is little, is in the practical no problem level that.

Claims (12)

1. a refrigerating plant is characterized in that,

Slide member as coolant compressor has used carbon graphite matter base material, this its fixed carbon of carbon graphite matter base material is 90～99 quality %, the area voids of the pore of obtaining with microscope is below 15%, in the perforate over half except the closed pore of above-mentioned pore, filled the solid solution of the copper that contains phosphorus.

2. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned carbon graphite matter base material is an anisotropy carbon graphite matter base material.

3. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

The solid solution of above-mentioned copper composed as follows: tin is 5～15 quality %, and phosphorus is 0.1～0.5 quality %, and remainder is a copper.

4. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

The solid solution of above-mentioned copper composed as follows: phosphorus is 0.01～8.0 quality %, and remainder is a copper.

5. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Employed refrigerator oil is select from mineral oil, polyatomic alcohol polybasic alcohol ester oil, polyglycols oil, polyethylene ether oil, poly-a-olefin oil and hard alkylbenzene oil at least a.

6. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Employed refrigeration agent is select from halogenated hydrocarbon series coolant, hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent and natural series coolant at least a.

7. refrigerating plant according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned halogenated hydrocarbon series coolant is from R410A, R404A, R407C, R134a and uses chemical formula CF ₃That selects in the fluoro idohydrocarbon series coolant that I represents is at least a.

8. refrigerating plant according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned hydrocarbon system refrigeration agent is R600a and/or R290.

9. refrigerating plant according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned natural series coolant is R744.

10. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Refrigeration agent is more than 0.2 mass parts with respect to the inclosure ratio of employed refrigerator oil 1 mass parts, and the operation mode of above-mentioned coolant compressor is constant speed or speed change.

11. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Moisture concentration in refrigeration agent or the refrigerator oil is 1～1000ppm.

12. refrigerating plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

In the lubricating condition of the working fluid of employed refrigeration agent and refrigerator oil coexistence, be 0.15～20MPa at least to the bearing surface pressure of axle as the bearing of the average surface pressure of Sommerfeld number,

Images