CN101184655B - 单级安全气囊充气器 - Google Patents

单级安全气囊充气器 Download PDF

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CN101184655B
CN101184655B CN2006800184687A CN200680018468A CN101184655B CN 101184655 B CN101184655 B CN 101184655B CN 2006800184687 A CN2006800184687 A CN 2006800184687A CN 200680018468 A CN200680018468 A CN 200680018468A CN 101184655 B CN101184655 B CN 101184655B
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A·P·沃尔
E·O·何塞
A·J·柯蒂斯
M·E·凯利
J·H·亚当斯
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Joyson Safety Systems Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
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    • B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
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    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/20—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components
    • B60R21/203—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components in steering wheels or steering columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R2021/26011—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using a filter through which the inflation gas passes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R2021/26064—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow characterised by auto-ignition means
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    • B60R2021/26076—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow characterised by casing
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    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/263—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using a variable source, e.g. plural stage or controlled output
    • B60R2021/2633—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using a variable source, e.g. plural stage or controlled output with a plurality of inflation levels
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    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
    • B60R21/2644—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic using only solid reacting substances, e.g. pellets, powder
    • B60R2021/2648—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic using only solid reacting substances, e.g. pellets, powder comprising a plurality of combustion chambers or sub-chambers

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Abstract

一种单级充气器(10)，具有盘形充气器壳体(11)和位于起爆器壳体(41)内的诸如雷管之类的单个起爆器(42)。起爆器壳体(41)相对于盘形充气器壳体(11)的中心线偏置。

Description

单级安全气囊充气器
技术领域
本发明涉及安全气囊充气器，更具体地涉及单级驾驶员侧充气器。充气器使用点燃时迅速产生大量但可控制释放的热气体以填充安全气囊的气体发生剂。
背景技术
图1示出了典型的现有技术单级安全气囊充气器，它具有起爆器，该起爆器通常为装入充满助爆药的起爆器壳体中的雷管。当触发起爆器时，它点燃起爆器壳体中的助爆药。助爆药产生热微粒和气体，点燃盘形壳体内的气体发生剂。该现有技术装置中心对称地填充药剂。该起爆器在壳体的中心线的中心，且气体发生剂围绕起爆器壳体，并可方便地均匀点燃，因此用中性或几乎中性的推力向外迅速燃烧。US 6 796 579 B1中揭示了一种这样的装置。
更常用但更复杂的是双级安全气囊充气器。双级充气器需要两个起爆器和分开的助爆药和气体发生剂腔。起爆器可首先点燃一个然后稍后点燃第二个，或也可仅点燃一个起爆器而根本不点燃第二个起爆器，或两个起爆器可同时点燃。US 6 648370 B1中揭示了一种这样的装置。
双级充气器比单级充气器更复杂且更昂贵。双级充气器通常需要较大的助爆药以使展开顺序能够以连续的方式充分进行，在展开时具有充分的停留时间。单级充气器基于较少部件从而设计上简单得多和点火起爆更简单。双级充气器对乘客提供可变范围的保护，这是单级充气器不能提供的。当考虑对乘客保护的各种要求时，使用单级充气器的设计复杂程度完全不简单。尽管有成本、可靠性和简单的优点，单级充气器的使用已经减少。
相关的考虑是生产双级充气器的组装线与生产对单级充气器的设备不能方便地兼容。药用两个分开的生产线，一个用于单级充气器，且一个用于双级充气器需要大的资金投入。
发明内容
本发明提供具有一个起爆器的单级充气器，它具有诸如位于起爆器壳体中的雷管之类的单个起爆器，该起爆器壳体相对于盘形充气器壳体的中心线偏置。该设计可与自动双级充气器生产线兼容，大大地降低了第二个多余组装线所需要的资金成本。
附图说明
图1是现有技术单级盘形充气器的仰视图。
图2是沿线2-2的图1的充气器的剖视图。
图3是新型单级充气器的仰视图。
图4是沿线4-4的图3的充气器的剖视图。
图5是第一发生剂药剂的压力对时间的曲线图。
图6是第二发生剂药剂的压力对时间的曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了现有技术单级盘形安全气囊充气器100，具有单个中心定位的起爆器壳体组件140。充气器100具有壳体101，该壳体具有焊接或以其它方式连结在一起的顶部104和底部102。围绕壳体101的这两部分102，104的是安装凸缘106，该凸缘具有用于附连充气器100的多个安装孔107。如图所示，这些盘形充气器100通常附连到安全气囊模块(未示出)以设置在方向盘中。
壳体101的顶部104具有由箔型爆裂盘覆盖或密封的多个通气孔108。金属丝网或类似材料的圆柱形环状过滤器110从壳体101的顶部104延伸到壳体101的底部102。当点燃充气器气体发生剂时，过滤器110阻止燃烧微粒穿过通气孔108。密封件124设置在环状过滤器110内部，气体发生剂丸粒120与自点火丸粒122一起设置在密封件124上方。在壳体101的底部102的中心位置有起爆器壳体组件140。起爆器壳体组件140具有单个起爆器142(这里是雷管)，突出的电连接器143，144适于连接到配线连接器(未示出)。起爆器142具有封装的爆炸炸药，一端由助爆药150包围，助爆药150包括小丸粒152。当致动起爆器142点燃时，引起助爆药150点燃，又引起起爆器壳体141内部压力上升，迫使热微粒和膨胀气体通过小开口164，由此点燃发生剂丸粒120和自点火丸粒122。这就使压力进一步上升，引起箔109爆裂且气体在展开时充入安全气囊(未示出)。起爆器壳体141具有由端板160密封的开口162。尽管正常展开不需要自点火丸粒，但它也在展开时被消耗。在充气器由外部源加热的情况下，自点火丸粒会开始以预定水平燃烧，引起充气器展开而不会有结构损坏。
图3和4示出了根据本发明的单级盘形充气器10，具有单个偏置定位的起爆器。如图所示的充气器10具有盘形壳体11，该盘形壳体11具有焊接或以其它方式连结在一起的顶部14和底部12。围绕壳体11的两个部分12，14的是安装凸缘16，该安装凸缘16具有用于附连充气器10的多个安装孔17。该盘形充气器10可附连到安全气囊模块(未示出)，以设置在方向盘中。
在壳体11的顶部14示出有由箔型爆裂带19覆盖或密封的多个通气孔17。示出金属丝网或类似材料的环形过滤器21从壳体11的顶部14延伸到壳体11的底部12。当点燃充气器气体发生剂时，环形过滤器21阻止燃烧微粒穿过通气孔18。密封件24设置在环状过滤器21内部，气体发生剂丸粒20与可以是丸粒的自点火化合物22一起设置在密封件24上方。在壳体11的底部12的中心偏置位置有起爆器壳体组件40。起爆器壳体组件40具有起爆器壳体41，该壳体具有诸如雷管之类的起爆器42，而突出的电连接器43，44适于连接到配线连接器(未示出)。起爆器42具有封装的爆炸炸药，一端由助爆药50包围，助爆药50包括小丸粒。当致动起爆器42点燃时，引起起爆器壳体41内的助爆药50点燃，接着又引起起爆器壳体41内部压力上升，迫使热微粒和膨胀气体通过起爆器壳体41上的小开口64，由此点燃发生剂丸粒20和自点火丸粒22。这就使压力进一步上升，引起箔19爆裂且气体在以单级方式展开时充入安全气囊(未示出)。起爆器壳体41具有由端板60密封的开口62。尽管正常展开不需要自点火丸粒，但它也在展开时被消耗。在充气器由外部源加热的情况下，自点火丸粒会开始以预定水平燃烧，引起充气器展开而不会有结构损坏。
参见图3，充气器10由钢制成。发生剂丸粒20较佳地由非叠氮化物气体发生剂制成。本发明充气器壳体内有用的代表性气体发生剂成份包括诸如氨基噻唑、四唑、双四唑(bitetrazole)、三唑、及其金属盐、胍硝酸盐、硝基胍、氨基胍硝酸盐(aminoguanidine nitrate)、及其混合物之类的燃料；与诸如碱、和碱土金属或过渡金属元素硝酸盐、氯酸盐、高氯酸盐、硝酸氨及其混合物。优选的气体发生剂包括硝基胍与锶和硝酸钾的混合物之类的氧化剂的组合。通常，气体发生剂或气体产生物质可包括约15至约80重量％的燃料，约2至约80重量％的氧化剂和约1至约30重量％的其它物质，其它物质诸如冷却剂、催化剂、粘合剂和过程助剂。气体发生剂可用本技术领域的技术人员已知的各种技术形成各种形状。
理想的是把气体发生剂成份制成丸状。这样可采用高达约5.0重量％、通常为0.2-5重量％的压紧助剂或粘合剂。这些可从已知的用于该目的的材料中选择，这些材料包括二硫化钼、石墨、弹性体、聚酯、氮化硼、二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸钙和粘土。
气体发生剂成份可选地包含高达约3重量％，通常在约1至约2重量％之间的催化剂。氧化铜是代表性燃烧催化剂。
起爆器壳体41具有定向成用强大但有方向性的推力将排气直接引入气体发生剂丸粒20的多个通气孔或开口64。这些开口64分布在起爆器壳体41的所示气体发生剂丸粒20方向小于270度，较佳地小于180度的外围。为了抵消该强大的方向性推力，壳体11的充气器壳体顶部14上的孔18以间隔形式绕360。径向定向，且因这些气体径向向外移动，总体推力几乎变成中性，具有几乎无法测量的与起爆器壳体41相对向的偏置推压力。
在图3中示出了偏置的单级盘形充气器10，具有与充气器的中心位置(C)隔开距离(d)的起爆器壳体组件40。偏置很独特之处在于它将起爆器42从中心点火位置移到非常靠近环形过滤器21的位置。因而，开口64也偏置，意味着通过充气器10喷出的热微粒和气体被直接定向。开口64较佳地定向在起爆器壳体41的暴露于气体发生剂丸粒20和自点火丸粒22的部分上。这样，起爆器壳体41的开口64使热微粒和气体定向以利于气体发生剂丸粒20的燃烧。
在测试本发明的充气器10时，考虑安全气囊展开的适当性能，确定助爆药可增加到约2.0g，且起爆器药剂在180至260mg锆钾高氯酸盐(ZPP)的范围内。超过260mg的起爆器增强剂是不必要的，且实际上由于压接(crimp)的超速爆裂压力会潜在地损坏起爆器壳体。较少量的，180mg以下的增强剂会使气体发生剂燃烧延迟并导致不合要求的安全气囊展开压力或充气速率。
经验研究显示增强剂的丸粒的大小可有利地改变成增加或提高快速燃烧率的表面面积。从压力对时间分析总发现具有4mm直径和1.2mm长的增强剂的丸粒是理想的。
图5是具有260mg起爆器增强剂52、1.80g的增强剂丸粒50、和33.5g的8.0mm直径乘1.7mm长尺寸的气体发生剂丸粒20的充气器10的压力对时间的曲线图。每个线表示充气器10的单次测试。
图6是使用相同重量比例的压力对时间的曲线图，但其中33.5g的气体发生剂丸粒20具有8.0mm直径乘2.0mm长的尺寸。
从这些图中很明显，对于偏置的充气器10，更佳的气体发生剂丸粒20具有8.0mm直径乘2.0mm长的尺寸
为了比较的目的，具有两个起爆器的双级充气器使用180mg的起爆器增强剂，且主起爆器壳体中的增强剂是1.1g，次级起爆器壳体中是1.3g。本发明使用180至260mg的起爆器增强药剂和2.0g的增强剂。这表示增强剂的量减少0.4g。增强剂丸粒50比发生剂丸粒20更昂贵且燃烧具有更多毒性，因此减少增强剂装载是一种改进。
单级偏置设计的另一优点是它具有比双级充气器多20％的自由体积。如果进一步要求小型化，充气器壳体的高度可减小至少10％。新型充气器使用铝的内部间隔件来占据自由体积空间。上部和下部壳体部分几乎与双级壳体相同，使任何类型都能用在相同生产线上。

Claims (5)

1.一种单级安全气囊充气器(10)，包括：
盘形壳体(11)；
气体发生剂(20)，设置在所述盘形壳体内部；以及
单个起爆器壳体组件(40)，包括起爆器壳体(41)，所述起爆器壳体中设置有单个起爆器(42)和增强剂(50)，所述起爆器壳体组件(40)与所述盘形壳体(11)的中心位置(C)隔开距离(d)，所述起爆器壳体组件(40)相邻或靠近于所述环形过滤器(21)的内侧周界部分设置；
环形过滤器(21)，所述过滤器(21)相邻或靠近于所述盘形壳体(11)的环形侧壁设置；
其中，所述起爆器壳体(41)具有多个通气孔或开口(64)，所述通气孔或开口(64)分布在起爆器壳体(41)的小于270度的外围，从而将点火器和增强剂排气从所述环形过滤器(21)引开并进入所述气体发生剂(20)，并且，所述盘形壳体(11)的壳体顶部(14)具有以间隔形式绕360度径向定向的孔(18)。
2.如权利要求1所述的单级安全气囊充气器(10)，其特征在于，所述增强剂(50)重约2.0g或为2.0g以下。
3.如权利要求1所述的单级安全气囊充气器(10)，其特征在于，所述增强剂(50)是具有约4mm直径乘约1.2mm长度的尺寸的丸粒的形式。
4.如权利要求1所述的单级安全气囊充气器(10)，其特征在于，所述气体发生剂(20)是具有约8.0mm直径乘约2.0mm长度的尺寸的丸粒的形式。
5.如权利要求1所述的单级安全气囊充气器(10)，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述盘形壳体(11)内部的自点火化合物(22)。
CN2006800184687A 2005-07-01 2006-06-05 单级安全气囊充气器 Expired - Fee Related CN101184655B (zh)

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US11/171,688 US20070001437A1 (en) 2005-07-01 2005-07-01 Single stage inflator
US11/171,688 2005-07-01
PCT/US2006/021592 WO2007005168A1 (en) 2005-07-01 2006-06-05 Single stage airbag inflator

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US20070001437A1 (en) 2007-01-04
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EP1738972A1 (en) 2007-01-03

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