CN101183493A - View based vehicle early warning method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicle prewarning method based on view, comprising vehicle information-perceive step, view-generating step, tailgate-prewarn step and alarm information-propagate step, as well as the step of obtaining the information of vehicle position, speed, brake and acceleration by peripheral equipment, the step of distributing a unique mark number and the step of distributing a transmitting data list for the vehicle. The steps enable the vehicle information to form view form and reflect the current state of surrounding vehicle timely, therefore can precompute the likely tailgate and alarm the driver, and then propagate the information out; at last the vehicle can receive the accident information in specified range. The invention has the advantages of wide perceiving range, short prewarning response time and high coverage rate, therefore the safety of the vehicle on the motorway can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless network communication technique field, be specifically related to the mobile ad-hoc network technology, particularly automobile-used net safe early warning method.
Background technology
Statistics and research data show that China has entered the high-incidence season of road traffic accident, and the traffic safety situation is very severe.Announce that according to the Ministry of Public Security national road traffic accident situation shows that only in April, 2007,27788 of road traffic accidents took place altogether in the whole nation, cause 6349 people's death, 32246 people injured, 0.9 hundred million yuan of direct property losss.With various countries' lateral comparison, China's toll on traffic ranks first in the world.
The loss that the minimizing traffic hazard brings is the significant problem that each country of the whole world is faced, and for the such country that greatly develops highway communication and auto industry of China, this problem is more apparent urgent.The present computer technology and development of Communication Technique for reducing traffic hazard technically, ensure traffic safety, and optimizing whole traffic provides opportunity.
At present, the method of vehicle safety early warning plane system has: one) use ultrasound wave or microwave radar distance measuring sensor as range finding and pick-up unit, collect information such as the absolute speed of a motor vehicle, the relative speed of a motor vehicle, relative distance, come real-time information is handled with a data processing unit, select suitable algorithm to come the computationally secure distance, control the man-machine interface display message simultaneously.Its shortcoming is that sensor is difficult to distinguish the echo that receives (echo that fires back as trees, plate or the pillar etc. in roadside), on multilane highway, sensor receives the echo from other track vehicle, from echo be difficult to they with make a distinction from the vehicle in same track.The related invention patent has: Jpn.Pat.Appln.KOKAI Publication No.2000-330637, Liu Shuyang, du zhaojun, Liu Song application number are the Chinese invention patent application of CN02113003.5, and University Of Tianjin's application number is: the Chinese invention patent application of CN02100762.4.Compare with our method for early warning, use the method for ultrasound wave or microwave radar distance measuring sensor to carry out accident early warning to local vehicle, when traffic hazard takes place in the place ahead, can not be in the shortest time early warning information be propagated into other vehicle, avoid rear-end collision accident, different with our method for early warning.
Two) use GPS to obtain the geographical location information of vehicle, information is sent to other vehicle.Authorize the United States Patent (USP) U.S.Pat.No.6 of Arbinger etc., 339,382 have described a kind of car accident early warning system based on GPS, this invention sends the positional information of accident vehicle with the radio frequency sending set on the accident vehicle, in the radio frequency sending set transmitting boundary, the radio-frequency transmitter of moving vehicle receives information, and the microprocessor of moving vehicle is according to the positional information and the local positional information calculation safe distance of accident vehicle, in entering risk range, report to the police to the driver with pilot lamp.Authorize the United States Patent (USP) U.S.Pat.No.6 of King etc., 895,332 have improved the invention of Arbinger, show the approximate location (as the place ahead, rear, the left side, the right) of accident vehicle at local vehicle with different display lamps.The related invention patent also comprises United States Patent (USP) U.S.Pat.No.6,405,132, U.S.Pat.No.5,636,123, U.S.Pat.No.6,160,493 etc.Compare with our method for early warning, their invention can not show the particular location of other vehicle, the driver can not obtain information accurately, and their method all is that a jump set is defeated, early warning information can not be propagated into vehicle far away, therefore when traffic hazard takes place in the place ahead, can not point out the driver of vehicle far away to change its course, avoid traffic congestion.Different with our method for early warning.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the following defective that overcomes existing vehicle early warning method: adopt GPS to obtain the geographical location information of vehicle, but the orientation that can only show accident vehicle, the particular location that can not show rolling stock, a kind of vehicle early warning method based on view is provided, this method can be monitored the interior on a large scale rolling stock moving situation on the highway (particularly highway), for the vehicle drivers that may bump provides early warning information, avoid the generation of accident.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of vehicle early warning method based on view is characterized in that:
(1), rolling stock status information in the perception highway detection segment, these information are: utilize GPS to obtain rolling stock positional information in the highway detection segment, utilize vehicular meter to obtain rolling stock speed, utilize vehicle transmission gear to obtain rolling stock brake, acceleration, turning information;
(2), (unique mark number of vehicle is used to distinguish different vehicles for vehicle distributes unique mark number, use its reason to be: in the process of the mutual interactive information of vehicle, which car is which information belonged to makes a distinction, thereby the information of carrying out perception and View Algorithm, it is necessary step), for vehicle distributes one to send data list (when carrying out the step of information of vehicles perception, have ageing information after vehicle require to send merges according to algorithm, the deposit position of these information sends tabulation in data);
(3), generate rolling stock view in the highway detection segment;
(4), the early warning of rear-end collision and warning information are propagated.
Aforesaid vehicle early warning method based on view is characterized in that: the concrete steps of car status information perception are:
(1) phase property is obtained car status information;
(2) start maximum timer dead time;
(3) if reach during maximum dead time, do not receive other car status information, then send the vehicle status information, and forward (2) to;
(4) if do not reach maximum during dead time, receive other car status information, start and keep out of the way timer, and stop maximum timer dead time;
(5) determine backoff interval according to the distance that receives in the information;
(6) in backoff interval, continue to receive other car status information;
(7) keep out of the way timer and be decremented to zero, check all to receive the ageing of information, after ageing information fusion, send, and forward the step of (2) to less than the effective information thresholding.
Aforesaid vehicle early warning method based on view is characterized in that: the concrete steps that the vehicle on highway view generates are:
(1) moving periodic broadcast timer;
(2) the broadcasting timer arrives preset time T, according to probability
Determine whether to send the network state that self perceives
The step of information, wherein n
iRepresent the node number that each node self perceives;
(3) if send, set the maximum hop count max_hop of bag;
(4) all receive that the node of this packet subtracts one with max_hop;
(5), and forward (1) to if max_hop=0 will receive that the information of information in conjunction with self perception is converted into vehicle view;
(6) otherwise, the step of calculating probability P, P is the function of distance, the distance big more, P is big more; Distance is more little, and P is more little;
(7) node determines whether to transmit according to probability P:
(8),, forward then information of self and the information fusion of receiving in the bag for the node of being responsible for transmitting;
(9) forward (4) to.
Aforesaid vehicle early warning method based on view is characterized in that: the concrete steps of the early warning of rear-end collision are:
(1) calculates relative position and relative velocity between vehicle based on vehicle view;
(2) time of the adjacent vehicle collision of calculating;
(3) calculate the step that time T TC is avoided in collision, TTC comprises driver's reaction time, automobile brake time and vacant time quantum;
(4) TTC and decision-making value Th are relatively;
(5) if TTC＜Th carries out the step of early warning criterion, early warning criterion: once early warning in the primary collision early warning; Do not issue early warning if there is route to intersect;
(6) early warning information is blazed abroad.
Aforesaid vehicle early warning method based on view is characterized in that: the concrete steps that warning information is propagated are:
(1) obtains information of vehicles in the car status information perception;
(2) calculate Fresnel diffraction parameter;
(3) calculate diffraction grain;
(4) derivation signal receiving strength;
(5) receive probability between the calculating two vehicles;
(6) calculate in the difference set probability of acceptance and;
(7) the maximum probability of acceptance and node as relaying;
(8) by keeping out of the way the function calculation backoff interval;
(9) keep out of the way end, send packet;
(10) forward (1) to.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the vehicle sensing range is wide, comprehensive overall situation.On highway, situation is changeful, is difficult to prediction.Vehicle running state and traffic rules and driver's intention, custom all has relation.Because view can show the travel conditions of the vehicle in the extensive area, in a big way (＞1000m), vehicle can both be known the whole travel situations in this zone, to the perception in advance of contingent accident.
(2) the early warning reaction time is short.For accident potential, avoid time T TC and decision-making value Th by the judgement collision, can send alarm to the driver in advance, thereby significantly reduce the probability that accident takes place.
(3) coverage rate height.Because alarm method adopts the method for selecting relaying according to the probability of acceptance, promptly the vehicle that selection is reliable and coverage rate is high is as relaying, and the coverage rate of warning information is greatly improved with respect to other method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the early warning system general frame figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a car status information perception process flow diagram;
Fig. 3 is a car status information detecting period sequence chart;
Fig. 4 is that view generates method flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is alarm decision-making technique figure;
Fig. 6 is based on the alarm synoptic diagram of view;
Fig. 7 is the long-distance transmissions process flow diagram;
Fig. 8 is a car status information perception instance graph; Letter A to M is a different vehicle;
Fig. 9 is that vehicle view generates instance graph;
Figure 10 is the early warning instance graph of rear-end collision;
Figure 11 is that warning information is propagated instance graph.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Vehicle early warning method based on view of the present invention is characterized in that:
(1), rolling stock status information in the perception highway detection segment, these information are: utilize GPS to obtain rolling stock positional information in the highway detection segment, utilize vehicular meter to obtain rolling stock speed, utilize vehicle transmission gear to obtain the rolling stock information of braking, quicken, turn round;
(2), for vehicle distributes unique mark number, for vehicle distributes one to send data list;
(3), generate rolling stock view in the highway detection segment.
(4), the early warning of rear-end collision and warning information are propagated.
Referring to Fig. 1, the software frame of vehicle early warning comprises four parts: the information perception, view generates, vehicle early warning and long-distance transmissions.Four modules adopt hierarchy.Each module is independently finished a function, relies on the data support of last module.Vehicle produces basic information of vehicles in travels down, as speed, position, reception data volume etc.The information sensing module is by the function of keeping out of the way based on distance, the order of transmission of coordinator node.By a series of information interaction, each node can perceive the situation of its adjacent vehicle.For the vehicle condition of farther distance, the view of generation can provide enough information.At first each node is gone out according to the content propagation whether probability decision perceives last module, and secondly in the maximum magnitude that this packet is limited in propagating, maximum magnitude is by jumping figure and the decision of information fresh degree.For producing dangerous vehicle, according to the relative spacing that collects and the relative speed of a motor vehicle, decision-making judges whether send early warning signal.The propagation of early warning information considers that mainly to require velocity of propagation fast, and therefore the coverage rate height adopts and calculate the probability of acceptance between vehicle in twos, make have maximum probability and vehicle as the method for relaying, make early warning information communication satisfaction real-time and reliability requirement.
Fig. 2 is a car status information perception process flow diagram.At first, vehicle initialization data and timer.Data comprise: the contention stand-by period codomain of node, and random delay variable X, effective information thresholding Time_Thresh_.Timer comprises: contention is waited at interval
The maximum interval T of stagnating
Cycle, the information acquisition period T
LocalStart the maximum intervalometer of stagnating.When it expires, send the car status information that self perceives.And then start the maximum intervalometer of stagnating once more.Only in stagnating at interval, maximum do not receive the packet of other node, just the information of vehicles of circulation transmission self perception; Otherwise, eliminate the maximum timer of stagnating, and start contention wait interval timer.In its overdue time,, upgrade the transmission tabulation of self if receive the car status information packet that other node sends.And when timer expires, send the information of self perception, start the maximum timer of stagnating simultaneously once more.
Fig. 3 is a car status information detecting period sequence chart, and what the figure shows is the example of status information perception between two vehicles.After sending the beacon packet after the node A initialization, Node B starts contention and waits for interval timer, sends the information of vehicle to after date.Along with the motion of vehicle, the information of self constantly changes, can not interrupt alternately between the two.When the decline of beacon bag experience channel quality is lost, as the beacon packet of B.Node A is at maximum stall cycles T
CycleThe interior car status information that will resend self.
Fig. 4 is that view generates method flow diagram, and on the basis of information of vehicles perception, node is according to probability
The information of spontaneous transmission self perception; Via node is selected back off time according to probability function P=f (d), and farther node has higher priority.The Max_hop hop-by-hop successively decreases, the maximum magnitude that control is propagated.Thereby make information propagate into farther scope, every hop node can generate and refresh view.The view cycle timer can constantly generate and refresh the vehicle view of each node.
Fig. 5 is alarm decision-making technique figure.According to view generation method, view is brought in constant renewal in its information.From vehicle view, calculate the relative velocity of this vehicle and surrounding vehicles, parameters such as position.When calculating the possibility that has vehicle collision, relatively required time and alarming threshold take place in it, during less than alarming threshold, the driver are sent alarm.Its synoptic diagram as shown in Figure 6.The velocity information of vehicle is presented at the car top.Shown the relative position of four cars among the figure, wherein Zhong Jian car is represented this car; The lower right corner shows early warning signal, when collision time less than decision-making value, the issue early warning, the lower right corner shows red light, reminds the driver to avoid knocking into the back; Otherwise the lower right corner does not show red light.
Fig. 7 is the long-distance transmissions process flow diagram, and based on information of vehicles perception mechanism, vehicle can perceive the distribution of surrounding vehicles.According to separation between vehicles, height of car and transmitter, receiver height calculate Fresnel diffraction parameter, thereby calculate diffraction grain.Derive the receiving intensity of signal by free space model and diffraction grain, again in conjunction with emission rate, channel width and modulation demodulation system obtain the probability of acceptance of transmits data packets between the vehicle in twos.For far-away sources order inter-vehicular communication, the method of determining relaying is: next-hop node covers the probability of acceptance and the maximum of all nodes in the difference set zone, then be elected as via node, its backoff interval of keeping out of the way the timer selection is the minimum value in all other candidate relay.
One embodiment of the present of invention are as follows:
Suppose that highway is wide 20 meters, 13 cars are randomly dispersed in 1500 meters scopes.All vehicles all can obtain the positional information of self, speed, information such as vehicle running state.Simultaneously according to the MAC Address of vehicle alarm equipment unique mark number, and reserve the space that data send tabulation within it in depositing as this car.The concrete steps of early warning comprise:
(1) car status information perception step
According to Fig. 2, the maximum of all vehicle launchs self is stagnated timer; If this timer is decremented to zero, do not receive the information that other vehicle sends, then send the status information of self, and restart the maximum timer of stagnating; If be decremented to the information of receiving other vehicle before zero, then start and keep out of the way timer, and close the maximum timer of stagnating at this timer.The value of keeping out of the way timer is to be determined by the distance that receives between the pairing vehicle of first information and this car.The packet of receiving again in the backoff interval then screens according to the effective information thresholding, and the line data of going forward side by side merges, and the information list that obtains is sent.As Fig. 8, the information that vehicle G obtains comprises { E, F, H, G, I, J}.
(2) vehicle view generates step
By the multi-hop transmission based on probability, each car obtains vehicle state information in the farther scope.Establish Max_hop=2 in this example.According to probability, vehicle D goes out the information broadcast of self, after vehicle E receives, checks Max_hop, finds greater than zero Max_hop to be subtracted one, and the information fusion that self is perceived enters to forward again, upgrades the view of self simultaneously.Equally Max_hop is subtracted one after vehicle G receives, upgrade the view of self simultaneously.At this moment, Max_hop=0, vehicle G no longer transmits.Vehicle M ◇ J ◇ G is same process.Last vehicle G obtain vehicle view be B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M} is as Fig. 9.Because this method is reciprocity to all vehicles,, all vehicles can obtain self interior in a big way vehicle view so having.
(3) the early warning step of rear-end collision
Suppose that vehicle J breaks down at moment t0, the view of G car shows that the distance of G and J is d, and the relative velocity of G and J is v, and then Peng Zhuan the moment is t0+d/v.If driver's reaction time is 1, the automobile brake time is z, vacant time quantum b, and TTC=l+z+b, obviously Th＞TTC could guarantee the validity of early warning.The G car should send warning information at moment t0+d/v-Th.And other vehicle is only reminded Ben Che driver according to view and this method for early warning.As Figure 10.
(4) warning information propagation steps
As Figure 11, after the warning information of G car blazes abroad,, select the relaying that is of next difference set probability of jumping vehicle and vehicle that current vehicle covers and maximum according to the warning information propagation algorithm, specific measures for implementation are the value minimums of keeping out of the way timer that make relaying.Then select car E successively from car G, D, C, and car I, J are relaying, the vehicle in the whole like this network can be covered to.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is:
1. information of vehicles cognitive method, connect with distance the opportunity of vehicle being broadcasted self information, so that the data orderly competition, Reduced the conflict between the packet; Simultaneously, the ageing higher information that vehicle only receives self passes, Contained that effectively stale information to the harmful effect that vehicle early warning produces, has improved the real-time of information.
2. the view generation algorithm to the multi-hop scope, has enlarged the perceived distance of vehicle with the Information Communication of vehicle, thereby at a distance may The accident that takes place is made strick precaution in advance.
3. obtain vehicle parameter by vehicle view, formulate alarm regulation, can send alarm to the driver in advance.
4. the transmission method reliability height of early warning information. Be that the reception of selecting the down hop vehicle to cover all vehicles in the difference set zone is general The vehicle of rate and maximum is as relay vehicle.
Claims (5)
1. vehicle early warning method based on view is characterized in that:
(1), rolling stock status information in the perception highway detection segment, these information are: utilize GPS to obtain rolling stock positional information in the highway detection segment, utilize vehicular meter to obtain rolling stock speed, utilize vehicle transmission gear to obtain rolling stock brake, acceleration, turning information;
(2), for vehicle distributes unique mark number, for vehicle distributes one to send data list;
(3), generate rolling stock view in the highway detection segment;
(4), the early warning of rear-end collision and warning information are propagated.
2. the vehicle early warning method based on view as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete steps of car status information perception are:
(1) periodically obtains car status information;
(2) start maximum timer dead time;
(3) if reach during maximum dead time, do not receive other car status information, then send the vehicle status information, and forward (2) to;
(4) if do not reach maximum during dead time, receive other car status information, start and keep out of the way timer, and stop maximum timer dead time;
(5) determine backoff interval according to the distance that receives in the information;
(6) in backoff interval, continue to receive other car status information;
(7) keep out of the way timer and be decremented to zero, check all to receive the ageing of information, after ageing information fusion, send, and forward the step of (2) to less than the effective information thresholding.
3. the vehicle early warning method based on view as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete steps that the vehicle on highway view generates are:
(1) start-up period broadcasting timer;
(2) the broadcasting timer arrives preset time T, according to probability
, determine whether to send the network state that self perceives
The step of information, wherein n
iRepresent the node number that each node self perceives;
(3) if send, set the maximum hop count max_hop of bag;
(4) all receive that the node of this packet subtracts one with max_hop;
(5), and forward (1) to if max_hop=0 will receive that the information of information in conjunction with self perception is converted into vehicle view
(6) otherwise, the step of calculating probability P, P is the function of distance, the distance big more, P is big more; Distance is more little, and P is more little;
(7) node determines whether to transmit according to probability P;
(8),, forward then information of self and the information fusion of receiving in the bag for the node of being responsible for transmitting;
(9) forward (4) to.
4. the vehicle early warning method based on view as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete steps of the early warning of rear-end collision are:
(1) calculates relative position and relative velocity between vehicle based on vehicle view;
(2) time of the adjacent vehicle collision of calculating;
(3) calculate the step that time T TC is avoided in collision, TTC comprises driver's reaction time, automobile brake time and vacant time quantum;
(4) TTC and decision-making value Th are relatively;
(5) if TTC＜Th carries out the step of early warning criterion, early warning criterion: once early warning in the primary collision early warning; Do not issue early warning if there is route to intersect;
(6) early warning information is blazed abroad.
5. the vehicle early warning method based on view as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the concrete steps that warning information is propagated are:
(1) information of vehicles is obtained in perception based on car status information;
(2) calculate Fresnel diffraction parameter;
(3) calculate diffraction grain;
(4) derivation signal receiving strength;
(5) receive probability between the calculating two vehicles;
(6) calculate in the difference set probability of acceptance and;
(7) the maximum probability of acceptance and node as relaying;
(8) by keeping out of the way the function calculation backoff interval;
(9) keep out of the way end, send packet;
(10) forward (1) to.
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| CN103150930A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-06-12 | 东南大学 | Rear-end collision real-time prediction method aimed at frequently jammed section of expressway |
| CN103150930B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2015-09-16 | 东南大学 | For the rear-end collision real-time predicting method of the normal property the sent out congested link of through street |
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