Novel tidal energy development mode and universal condition tidal power station
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of hydroelectric installation and electricity-generating method, especially a kind of device and tide power generation method that utilizes tidal power generation.
Background technique
The exploitation of tidal energy has semicentennial history, and traditional tidal energy exploitation all is to utilize the bay, builds a dam at the Qi Koumen place and builds a station.Type list storehouse, this bay tidal power station exists that generating dutation is short, the quality of power supply is poor, and therefore drawbacks such as cost per kilowatt height, have only the French Lanace tidal power station that the 60-80 age builds so far in the whole world, and 200,000 kw install; China's Jiangxia tidal power station, installation 3000kw; Three of Canada's Annapoliss etc. all do not have achievement until the twentieth century end later on, trace it to its cause, and the one, Economy, the 2nd, the controllability of the quality of power supply, the 3rd, the narrow limitation that tidal engery resource can be developed in the bay does not also possess market development value.After entering 21st century, owing to be subjected to the influence of oil crisis and the pressure of carbon dioxide discharge-reduction, tidal energy is as a kind of cleaning energy and being paid attention to by countries in the world once more again.It is an illustration that Korea S lifts huge fund built total installed capacity scale 1000Mw since 04 year frog lake tidal power station all right, and first stage of the project 260Mw installation in this power station can be constructed and put into operation in 08 year.At present, the country of other resources such as Britain, Philippine, the U.S. is all among actively preparing.But Economy, the controllability of the quality of power supply and this three big problem of narrow limitation of resource in the tidal power station exploitation will be tidal energy large-scale development restraining factors.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned existence, and a kind of novel tidal energy development mode and universal condition tidal power station that utilizes tide energy to carry out sea water tidal power generation is provided.
The objective of the invention is to finish by following technical solution, described novel tidal energy development mode, this pattern is to enclose A, B two storage reservoirs with the embankment method on shoal or shallow sea, and on embankment, inlet gate is arranged and go out sluice gate corresponding to A storehouse and B lab setting, the hydraulic generator unit that utilizes water-head to generate electricity is installed on the separation levee between A storehouse and the B storehouse, when astronomical lakie during to lowest water level, corresponding to the B storehouse go out the sluice gate barrier gate, wait for that flood tide; When at the incoming tide, A storehouse inlet gate is opened into water, and its water level reaches B storehouse and A reservoir level difference to the minimal design head difference of generating electricity when above, and the hydraulic generator unit begins generating; When astronomical tidal bulge during to highest water level, A storehouse inlet gate is closed, and the hydraulic generator unit utilizes A, B reservoir level difference to continue generating; At this moment, the B reservoir level rises, and the A reservoir level descends; Be lower than the B reservoir level when following when the ebb tidal level retreats to, the sluicing of B storehouse makes the B reservoir level reduce to lowest water level with ebb, and the hydraulic generator unit still can continue generating and enter next samsara until flood tide.
A kind of universal condition tidal power station, this power station is included on shoal or the shallow sea and encloses that isolate with the sea, a large-area storage reservoir pond with embankment, the centre in this storage reservoir pond is divided into the A storehouse and the B storehouse of relatively independent retaining with separation levee, be respectively arranged with at least one inlet gate and one on the embankment that A, B two storehouses face the sea and go out sluice gate, at least one hydraulic generator unit that utilizes water-head to generate electricity arranged and on the separation levee between A storehouse and the B storehouse, build.
Described embankment is to surround and form by building dykes and dams by laying bricks or stones, corresponding to the inlet gate that is provided with on A storehouse and the B storehouse embankment and go out sluice gate respectively by the gate frame, lead that lock groove and gate constitute and controlled.
Unidirectional tubular-turbine generator group is installed on the separation levee between described A storehouse and the B storehouse, and becomes the constituent element of separation levee
Described A storehouse is last storehouse, and its corresponding embankment is provided with inlet gate, and described B storehouse is following storehouse, and its corresponding embankment is provided with out sluice gate, and described A storehouse also disposes water lift equipment.
The present invention has changed traditional exploitation and the operating mode in tidal energy power station, making the tidal energy exploitation move towards the shallow sea by the bay becomes a reality, make and to develop the expansion of tidal engery resource total amount more than 5 times, make Economy, the controllability of the quality of power supply and the expansion of development of resources of tidal energy exploitation possess market development value, help to alleviate all-round source demand and carbon dioxide discharge-reduction pressure.
The present invention has following several characteristic, and the one, the controllability of the quality of power supply: according to the configuration of AB storehouse water yield regulating power and unit capacity, multiple generator operation operating mode capable of being combined; Its generating dutation is the longest, and the electric motor power minimum hour reaches as high as 24 hours and utilize per kilowatt day; The quality of power supply is best, and the peak load electric energy is maximum, and corresponding increasing electric motor power reduces generating and utilizes hour, alternative storage station peak regulating function; Between above-mentioned two kinds of operating modes, power station also capable of being combined economic benefit preferably disposes operating mode; Described A, B storehouse tidal power station can dispose proportioning and the electric motor power that A, B Kuku hold according to different demands, can make the quality of power supply of tidal power station satisfy the requirement of network load.
The 2nd, the Economy of cost: because tidal power station is a low water head major diameter through-flow type hydro-turbo unit, need the protection of special steel material and sapecial coating again, therefore, electromechanical equipment is the investment subject of tidal power station, accounts for more than 60% of conventional tidal power station investment; The generating utilization of AB storehouse tidal power station hour be the 2-3 that utilizes hour of conventional tidal power generation doubly, the single storehouse of the comparable tradition of the electric motor power tidal power station of equal stock number reduces more than 50%, can reduce the cost of unit of electrical energy investment significantly, its Economy is apparent.
The 3rd, the expansion of resource: with Zhejiang is example, according to the seventies whole nation ocean energy generaI investigation achievement, Zhejiang is coastal-4851.4 square kilometres of the above bay of 20.0m oceanic areas, tidal energy can be developed total installation of generating capacity 891.39 ten thousand kw, but year generated energy 266.9 hundred million kwh, exploitable resources are confined to the marine site, bay.The selected site of the present invention has not been subjected to the constraint in bay, can enclose the lake on the shallow sea and build a station.Shallow sea, coastal nearly beach, Zhejiang aboundresources, according to national littoral zone survey data in 1985, the above shallow sea of-20.0M isohypse area (comprising the bay) was 24286,9 square kilometres; Can develop tidal energy aquatic weeds reserve and be former reconnaissance information total amount 5 times, this total resources also is 5.5 times that Zhejiang Province's land-based area hydroelectric resources can be developed total amount, so AB storehouse tidal power station has the expansion of very strong resource.
The present invention compared with prior art, it is long to have a generating dutation, cost per kilowatt is low, quality of power supply controllability is strong, the suitable face width of building a station, characteristics such as resource synthetic development rate height.Can not only highlight its business development is worth, and make tidal energy exploitation break through the bay resource traditional idea and towards huge shallow water tide energy, help to alleviate global energy demand and carbon dioxide discharge-reduction pressure, its social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit are inestimable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: novel tidal energy development mode of the present invention, it is to enclose A, B two storage reservoirs with the embankment method on shoal or shallow sea, and on embankment, inlet gate is arranged and go out sluice gate corresponding to A storehouse and B lab setting, the hydraulic generator unit that utilizes water-head to generate electricity is installed on the separation levee between A storehouse and the B storehouse, when astronomical lakie during to lowest water level, corresponding to the B storehouse go out the sluice gate barrier gate, wait for that flood tide; When at the incoming tide, A storehouse inlet gate is opened into water, and its water level reaches B storehouse and A reservoir level difference to the minimal design head difference of generating electricity when above, and the hydraulic generator unit begins generating; When astronomical tidal bulge during to highest water level, A storehouse inlet gate is closed, and the hydraulic generator unit utilizes A, B reservoir level difference to continue generating; At this moment, the B reservoir level rises, and the A reservoir level descends; Be lower than the B reservoir level when following when the ebb tidal level retreats to, the sluicing of B storehouse makes the B reservoir level reduce to lowest water level with ebb, and the hydraulic generator unit still can continue generating and enter next samsara until flood tide.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 1, universal condition tidal power station of the present invention, this power station is included on shoal or the shallow sea and encloses that isolate with the sea, a large-area storage reservoir pond 1 with embankment, be divided into the A storehouse and the B storehouse of relatively independent retaining in the middle of this storage reservoir pond 1 with separation levee 2, be respectively arranged with at least one inlet gate 4 and one on the embankment 3 that A, B two storehouses face the sea and go out sluice gate 5, at least one hydraulic generator unit 6 that utilizes water-head to generate electricity arranged and on the separation levee 2 between A storehouse and the B storehouse, build.
Described embankment 3 is to surround and form by building dykes and dams by laying bricks or stones, corresponding to the inlet gate 4 that is provided with on A storehouse and the B storehouse embankment and go out sluice gate 5 respectively by the gate frame, lead that lock groove and gate constitute and controlled.Described embankment can all or part ofly utilize dykes and dams or water front 7 to form.
Unidirectional tubular-turbine generator group 6 is installed on the separation levee 2 between described A storehouse and the B storehouse, and becomes the constituent element of separation levee.Described separation levee can manual manufacture, also can all or part ofly utilize nature to form.
Described A storehouse is last storehouse, and its corresponding embankment is provided with inlet gate, and described B storehouse is following storehouse, and its corresponding embankment is provided with out sluice gate, and described A storehouse can also dispose water lift equipment, and is transformed into pumped-storage power generation.
The principle of A of the present invention, B storehouse tidal power station is identical with pumped storage power station, and different is: AB storehouse tidal power station need not draw water, but utilizes tidal level difference gravity flow water inlet, and the water-head in two storehouses is controlled, and reaches the purpose of hydraulic generator.Involved in the present invention all belongs to the known technology scope such as unidirectional tubular-turbine generator group and technology such as installation and use thereof, comprises gate technology etc., and all the present invention are not described in detail is known routine techniques content.
Embodiment is as follows: the zone, site is chosen in the Sanmen Wan sea area of Zhejiang Province's southeastern coast, surplus isocontour bay of-10m and the shallow sea area 3100 square kilometre, wherein Sanmen Wan bay area is 775 square kilometres, and wherein the tidal flat area is 295 square kilometres, and the sea area mean depth is less than 10 meters.
The tidal regime parameter: this marine site tiding tide lasts 12 hours 25 minutes, and wherein, flood tide 5 hours 51 minutes, ebbed tide 7.75 meters of extreme tide ranges, 4.25 meters of mean range of tide 6 hours 34 minutes; The tidal level per hour 0.73m of speed that on average rises, on average ebb tide per hour 0.65 meter of speed of tidal level, the planning stage is effectively designed tidal range and takes 4.0 meters.The power generation features index: for simplifying the analytical calculation of complicated tidal power generation characteristic index, employing waits the water surface area method of comparison.210 square kilometres of marine site utilization area are set in this analytical calculation, design absolute tidal range 4.0m.
The design of the conventional tidal power station in former single storehouse: 210 square kilometres of single storehouse areas, 4.0 meters of highest water levels, corresponding adjusting storage capacity 5.25 billion cubic meters of lowest water level, generating minimum head 1.5m maximum head is according to the speed and the position uniting and adjustment calculating of falling into water of generating electricity of ebbing tide; The design electric motor power is 400,000 kw installation, water amount of power generating 1.2 billion cubic meters per hour, and the reservoir level lowering speed is 0.571; Ebb speed is 0.605m, starts productive head 1.5mX1.07 ebb speed ratio, actual power water consumption 4.6 billion cubic meters, but generated energy 1,640,000 degree, and a year generating utilizes hours 2993 hours.
The design of AB of the present invention storehouse tidal power station: 210 square kilometres of the AB storehouse gross areas, wherein set 110 square kilometres of A storehouse areas, 100 square kilometres of B storehouse areas; Combine electric motor power 200,000 kw.Calculate A storehouse highest water level 4.0mi, lowest water level 2.02m through regulating; B storehouse lowest water level 0.0m, highest water level 2.0m.Tidal level rises to 1.7m outside the storehouse, and B reservoir level 0.0m begins generating.Rising tide to the 4.0m unit generation time is 3.35 hours.The unit that begins to ebb tide continues generating 1.0 hours, makes the A reservoir level reduce to 3.53m, the generation outage to the 2.00m of rising of B reservoir level; When tidal level outside the storehouse retreat to 2.00m required at ebb tide between 2.68 hours, 1.68 hours dead times of power station; Tidal level retreats to 0.0m from 2.0m still 3.28 hours; But ebb process unit reality generating dutation is 4.28 hours; Complete damp generating dutation length overall 7.63 hours, but every tide generated energy is 152.6 ten thousand kw, and a year generating utilizes 5570 hours.
From top embodiment's contrast as can be known, AB storehouse tidal power station has following several relative advantage: the one, can reduce cost per kilowatt significantly, the required electric motor power of tidal power station of AB storehouse is 50% of traditional single storehouse tidal power station electric motor power, installation utilizes and hour can improve 86.1%, and tidal energy utilization of resources rate reduces by 7%; The electromechanical equipment investment can reduce 100%.Because the electromechanics at Chinese tidal power station is invested generally greater than construction investment, thereby the unit of electrical energy of conventional tidal power station can be in any more.And A, B storehouse tidal power station can reduce by 50% electromechanics investment, make the unit of electrical energy investment target can be better than having built the index of conventional tidal power station.The 2nd, the reservoir area comprehensive utilization of resources is better than conventional single storehouse tidal power station.The exploitation of tidal power station is at present extremely paid attention to the development and use of the aquaculture of reservoir area and tourist resources to improve comprehensive benefit.AB storehouse tidal power station is except that above-mentioned comprehensive development and utilization, because B storehouse highest water level is than the low 2.0m of the civilian tide of empyrean, promptly than the low 2.0m of traditional tidal power station reservoir highest water level.The beach of coastal gulf, B Kuku district surrounding edge discrepancy in elevation 2.0m all surfaces and becomes the developable soil of Agro-ecology, and this valuable land resources will thoroughly change B storehouse resident's conditions of manufacture and living environment, and its social benefit is huge.The 3rd, changed the traditional concept of tidal power station quality of power supply difference, because of AB storehouse tidal power station has good controllability, same reservoir utilization area can be determined the installation total scale according to the requirement of grid power load, it is big more to install, the peak ability is strong more, makes AB storehouse tidal power station also have the electric peak regulating function of net.
The invention belongs to a kind of method of new tidal power generation, because of the quite low maturation of tidal power generation technology, thereby all belong to conventional technological means such as the installation of equipment such as hydraulic generator unit, so those skilled in the art is on the basis of understanding content of the present invention, in conjunction with common practise and correlation technique, just can implement the present invention like a cork.