CN101166833A - 神经精神障碍的生物标志的检测 - Google Patents
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Abstract
系统及方法提供了全面高通量的手段,用于神经精神障碍病原因子的序列鉴定、优化、检验和验证,其中的一些因子可以作为这些疾病的生物标志。所述系统及方法确定了在多种实验及非实验条件下来自不同样本的不同组织中基因表达的模式,并利用在这些条件下观察到的基因表达谱的差异性及相似性进而绘出患神经精神障碍的风险及其治疗的特定的基因表达谱。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求以2005年2月15日提交的系列号为60/653,217的美国临时申请作为优先权基础,所述临时申请通过援引的方式纳入本说明书。
技术领域
本发明的实施方案涉及生物标志的检测和生物标志的用途。更具体而言,这些实施方案涉及神经精神障碍的生物标志的检测系统和检测方法,以及硒结合蛋白1(SELENBP1)作为一种生物标志的用途。
背景技术
神经精神障碍的病因复杂而多样,因此难以鉴定某一具体神经精神障碍的风险因子。微列阵技术在鉴定诸如精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)之类的神经精神障碍的风险因子方面具有很好的前景,但是由于各种研究的方法学上的差异以及高风险的I型推理错误,微列阵技术尚未产生广泛可重复的结果。
精神分裂症具有明显的遗传基础,但其生物学基础仍不为人所知。早期研究试图描绘出具体的神经化学物质在血液及死后脑组织中的表达情况,这些尝试发现了几个很有可能的精神分裂症的候选风险因子,但这些风险因子最终无法得到证实。后来人类基因组图谱的进展提高了候选基因联合研究的可行性。大部分候选基因基于其在普遍涉及障碍的系统(例如多巴胺和谷氨酸神经递质系统)中的表达已被定位;这一手段可用于从这些鉴定出的候选途径中确定功能障碍的本质,但这可能不是鉴定这些系统之外的新的风险因子的最佳手段。
能够测量全部表达的人类基因组的微列阵的出现使得可以同时研究神经精神障碍中几千个基因的功能。相对于以现有疾病模型为基础的传统候选基因研究,微列阵分析是一种受限较少的方法,它能帮助发现那些在其它方法中难以发现的新的风险基因。由于基因表达能反映遗传及环境的影响,它尤其有利于鉴定诸如精神分裂症之类的复杂障碍的风险因子,所述障碍通常被认为具有多因子多基因的病因,其中多个基因与环境因素互相影响。然而,同时考察几千个独立的变量也会提高假阳性结果的可能性。总之,微列阵技术大有希望能鉴定精神分裂症的病原因子,但同时存在过于开放及不能提供可重复结果的风险。
一些研究组已表征出死后脑组织背外侧额叶前部皮质(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,DLPFC)中的精神分裂症基因表达谱,在该疾病中该部位一向被鉴定为功能障碍。这些研究记录了几方面的不同形式的基因表达失调,所述方面包括G蛋白信号转导、代谢、线粒体功能,髓鞘形成和神经元发育。然而,并非所有这些研究都报导了每一方面的显著变化。方法学上的差异,包括种族及人口统计学上的差异,其它微列阵平台和不同的数据分析方法,以及假阳性结果的高风险,都被认为是可能导致这种可变性的因素。
因此,通过现有方法产生的基因表达谱容易于鉴定出假阳性结果或鉴定出缺乏诊断及预测价值的风险因子。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案包含系统及方法,这些系统及方法提供了全面高通量的手段,用于神经精神障碍病原因子的序列鉴定、优化、检验和验证,其中的一些因子可以作为这些疾病的生物标志。这些系统及方法确定了在多种实验及非实验条件下来自不同样本的不同组织中基因表达的模式,并利用在这些条件下观察到的基因表达谱的差异及相似性进而绘出患神经精神障碍的风险及其治疗的特定的基因表达谱。
附图说明
图1说明依据本发明的实施方案用以检测神经精神障碍的生物标志的系统的主要组成部分。
图2为流程图,说明依据本发明实施方案用以检测神经精神障碍的生物标志的示例性方法。
图3A和3B示出SELENBP1蛋白在对照受试者和被诊断为精神分裂症的患者的DLPFC中的表达情况。
图4A和4B说明在SZ的DLFPC中差异表达的基因中,通过本发明的实施方案被鉴定为频繁表现(overrepresented)的本体项(ontologyterm)之间的关系。
具体实施方式
以下详细的描述中,参考了作为本文一部分的附图,并通过说明的方式表示,发明的主题可在具体的实施方案中实施。这些实施方案以足够详细的方式进行描述,以使本领域的普通技术人员能实施,还应认识到也可以利用其他的实施方案,且在不脱离本发明主题的范围内可以进行结构上、逻辑上以及电路上的改变。如果实际上公开了一种以上的实施方案,那么本发明主题的这些实施方案在本文中可能个别地和/或集体地被称为术语“发明”,这仅是为了方便,并不意味着主动将本申请的范围限制到任何单独的发明或发明概念。
因此,以下的描述不能狭义的理解,本发明主题的范围由所附的权利要求来确定。
在附图中,通篇使用同一附图编号表示出现在多幅附图中的同一组成部分。信号和连接可用相同的附图编号或标记表示,通过其在说明书上下文中的使用明确其实际含义。
本文描述的函数或算法在实施方案的硬件和/或软件中执行。软件包括存储于计算机可读介质如记忆型或其他类型存储器上的计算机可执行指令。术语“计算机可读介质”也可表示软件传播载波。再者,这些函数与模块相对应,所述模块指的是软件、硬件、固件或其任一组合。多元函数在所需一个或多个模块中执行,且所述实施方案仅是一些实例。由在系统上操作的数字信号处理器、ASIC、微处理器或任何其他类型的处理器执行该软件,所述系统为例如个人电脑、服务器、路由器或任何其他能处理数据的设备,包括网络互连设备在内。
一些实施方案在两个或多个特定互连的硬件模块或设备中执行所述函数,在这些模块之间有相关的控制及数字信号交流,或者所述硬件模块或设备可作为特殊应用集成电路的一部分。因此,该示例性处理流程可适于用软件、固件和硬件来实现。
以下给出的具体范围、数值和实施方案仅是为了阐述的目的,并不限制本发明的范围,发明范围由权利要求确定。
本文所使用的“硒结合蛋白”包含多肽以及编码这些多肽的核酸序列,所述多肽与NCBI编号为CAG33133、CAH70328、AAH32997、Q13228、P17563、AAH11202、NP003935、NP033176、AAH74008、NP956864、NP543168、AAX43635、AAX31965、AAH56590或AAH09084的序列具有至少80%例如至少85%、90%、95%或更高的氨基酸序列同一性。在一个实施方案中,该硒结合蛋白是硒结合蛋白-1,如人、啮齿动物(如兔、小鼠、大鼠、貂或豚鼠)或除人外的灵长类动物的硒结合蛋白-1。
图1示出根据本发明的实施方案检测潜在的生物标志的系统100。在一些实施方案中,系统100包含统计分析系统120、比较仪140和本体鉴定系统(ontological identification system)160。在一些实施方案中,统计分析系统120为计算机化系统,该系统接受两份分别含有基因表达数据的输入文件,对所述两份文件进行统计学分析,并产生一份包含有基因数据的输出文件,该基因数据代表两份输入文件间差异表达的基因。通常,其中一份输入文件(如文件102或112)包含未患有所研究的神经精神障碍的对照组的基因表达数据,另一份输入文件(如文件104或114)包含被诊断为患有所研究的神经精神障碍的组的基因表达数据。此外,这些输入文件通常包含来自对照组和样本组中相同来源类型的基因表达数据。例如,该基因表达数据可获自对照组和样本组的中枢神经系统组织或者获自对照组和样本组的血液样本。
在一些实施方案中,统计分析系统120使用一个采取乘性噪音而非加性噪音的模型。另外,在一些实施方案中,统计分析系统可被设计用以排除统计学上的显著的离群值。另外,在一些实施方案中使用的统计模型采取从错配和完全匹配的探针强度估计得到的统一的背景水平。如上所述,统计分析系统120的输出结果是含有所述两份输入文件中差异表达基因的基因数据的文件。
在具体的实施方案中,统计分析系统120是CORGON生物统计分析系统。关于该CORGON生物统计分析系统的操作的进一步细节可以参见Sasik,R.,Calvo,E.& Corbeil,J.“Statistical Analysis ofHigh-Density Oligonucleotide Arrays:A Multiplicative NoiseModel”Bioinformatics 18,1633-1640(2002),该文献通过引用的方式纳入本说明书。
另外,一些实施方案使用这样一种算法,其中差异表达基因的鉴定是基于它们高于阈值P=0.05的统计显著性。在这些实施方案中,每个基因的该P值是通过对每个基因的样本标签的100,000个排列进行双尾未调整置换检验来确定的。对于每个排列,其t统计量是从log(表达)值计算得到的,并且该P值被估算为t统计量的绝对值大于或等于未排列t统计量的绝对值的排列的分数。在具体的实施方案中,使用FOCUS算法来实现。关于FOCUS算法的进一步细节可以参见Cole,S.W.,Galic,Z.& Zack,J.A.“Controlling false-negative errors in microarraydifferential expression analysis:a PRIM approach”(2003)Bioinformatics 19,1808-1816。
上述一些实施方案中的FOCUS算法与统计模型的结合使用可有助于减少I型错误(假阳性)的发生。
在操作中,为确定所研究的神经精神障碍的生物标志,运行统计分析系统120两次,每次分别针对中枢神经系统组织和血液这两种样本类型中的一种。因此,在一次运行中,一个输入文件102具有来自对照组的中枢神经组织样本的基因表达数据,第二个输入文件104具有来自患有该神经精神障碍的个体的中枢神经组织样本的基因表达数据,向所述统计分析系统120提供这两个输入文件,产生输出文件132,该输出文件132有在所述两个输入组的脑组织样本中差异表达的基因数据。在一些实施方案中,输入文件102和112可能是来自美国国家脑数据库(National Brain databank(NBD))网站的细胞强度(cell intensity,CEL)文件。
可以使用多种形式的中枢神经系统组织。在一些实施方案中,可使用DLPFC组织。在另一些实施方案中,可使用来自其他脑区的其他组织样本以获得基因表达数据。在又另一些实施方案中,可使用脑脊液以获得基因表达数据。本发明的实施方案不限于特定的中枢神经系统组分。
在第二次运行中,统计分析系统120接受一份输入文件112,该文件112具有来自未患有该神经精神障碍的对照组血液样本的基因表达数据,还接受第二份输入文件114,该输入文件114具有来自患有该神经精神障碍的个体血液样本的基因表达数据,并产生一份输出文件134,该输出文件134含有在所述两个输入组血液样本差异表达的基因数据。在一些实施方案中,血液样本包括外周血细胞。
比较仪140包括对含有差异表达基因数据的两份文件进行比较并产生一份输出文件150的软件,该输出文件150包含脑组织样本和血液样本共有的一组差异表达的基因数据。在一些实施方案中,该比较仪软件可为一个电子表格类型的程序,该程序将各项目分类并排序从而进行比较。这一程序的一个实例为可从Microsoft Corporation of RedmondWashington获取到的Microsoft Excel电子表格程序。
本体鉴定系统160接收该组共有的差异表达基因数据150,并运用生物信息分析算法来鉴定与这些基因相关的本体(ontology)(生物过程、分子功能及细胞组分)。在一些实施方案中,利用标准基因本体项(gene ontology(GO)term)将鉴定出的基因置于输出结果170中,所述标准基因本体项例如被GO协会(Consortium)认可并在GeneOntology:tool for the unification of biology.The Gene OntologyConsortium(2000)Nature Genet.25:25-29中被定义的项。在一些实施方案中,本体鉴定系统160将统计分析系统120及比较仪140鉴定出的差异表达基因的列表与微列阵上所有基因的列表进行对比,并基于整个微列阵表现出的基因确定标准的GO项中哪些项正好比预期更频繁地表现出来。另外,在一些实施方案中,本体鉴定系统160计算条件性P值,这使得可以发现即使是大小很小的显著项。
在具体的实施方案中,本体鉴定系统160包括MicroArray DataCharacterization and Profiling(MADCAP)算法的实施。关于MADCAP算法的进一步细节可参见欧洲计算生物学会议(Institut National de1a Recherche Agronomique,Paris),p.GE24的Lozach,J.,Sasik,R.,Ogawa,S.,Glass,C.K.“MADCAP:MicroArray DataCharacterization And Profiling.A tool for profiling lists ofgenes with different expression patterns”(2003),上述文献通过引用方式纳入本文。
关于上述系统的操作的进一步细节将在下文参考图2进行描述。图2为说明检测神经精神障碍的生物标志的方法的流程图。在该操作环境中运行的方法可包括由计算机可执行指令组成的计算机程序。参考流程图对该方法进行描述使得本领域的普通技术人员能够开发包括这类指令的这类程序,以便在合适的计算机上执行所述方法(该计算机的一个或多个处理器执行来自计算机可读介质如ROM、RAM、硬盘、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、闪存等的指令)。图2所述的方法包含一些过程,这些过程可由执行本发明示例性实施方案的操作环境来实行。在以下的讨论中,会提供执行该方法的非限制实例,用以进一步说明本方法。
本方法始于对获自对照组的脑组织和患有神经精神障碍的组的脑组织的基因表达数据进行统计分析,从而获得第一系列的差异表达基因(方块202)。在一些实施方案中,所述脑组织可为DLPFC,然而这些实施方案并不限于特定类型的脑组织。
在具体的实施方案中,基因表达数据获自由哈佛脑组织资源中心(Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center,HBTRC)维护的美国国家脑数据库(National Brain Databank,NBD)中的19位SZ患者和27位非精神病的对照受试者新鲜冷冻的死后脑DLPFC组织样本(50mg)的cRNA微列阵。患者与对照者在性别比例(68%对70%的男性;P=0.887)和平均年龄上(57对56岁;P=0.955)很相近,并且DLPFC样本在左右侧(58%对52%右半球;P=0.875)、平均PH(6.4对6.4;P=0.981)及平均死后时间间隔(21小时对20小时;P=0.739)上也非常相似。根据精神障碍诊断与统计手册(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders(DSM-IV))对这些受试者的确认及诊断,脑组织的制备,RNA的提取、纯化和杂交、cRNA微列阵表达水平的定量以及质量控制过程全部都在哈佛脑组织资源中心用标准方法进行。
在哈佛脑组织资源中心,从每名受试者的DLFPC取约50mg的新鲜冷冻脑组织,并且使用总RNA提取试剂盒(Ambion,Austin,TX)提取RNA。之后用RNeasy试剂盒(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)纯化RNA样本。在杂交之前,通过在Agilent 2100生物分析仪(Agilent Technologies,Palo Alto,CA)上进行凝胶电泳检测28S和18S核糖体RNA的状态,从而验证每个样本的RNA质量。来自精神分裂症患者及对照受试者的样本的RNA的质量非常相似,这是通过以下几个指标确定的,包括平均28S∶18S RNA比例(1.11对1.07;P=0.790)以及看家基因G3PDH的RNA转录物的平均3’∶5’比例(1.57对1.44;P=0.407)和ACTB(2.42对2.33;P=0.728)。
每份已纯化并有质量保证的RNA样本(8μg)用SuperScriptII双链cDNA合成试剂盒(Invitrogen)进行反转录产生互补cDNA,用Enzo-IVT试剂盒(Affymetrix)体外转录并扩增该cDNA,产生与所有存在于脑组织样本的mRNA相应的生物素标记cRNA。将cRNA样本片段化,并与GeneChip Human Genom U95A或U133A列阵(Affymetrix)杂交,在GeneChip Fluidics Station 400(Affymetrix)中染色,并在DNA Microarray Scanner 2500(Agilent Technologies)中扫描两次。随后目测诸如边缘效果或划痕之类人为现象,这些人为现象在少于5%的样本中检查到。从NBD数据库中除去受此类人为现象影响的样本。
然后用微列阵组5.0软件(Affymetrix)评定所述扫描的质量。对于探针检测率低于35%的列阵,重复从RNA提取开始的全部实验过程。如果不能将探针检测率提高到35%以上,则不将该样本的基因表达数据添加到NBD数据库中。从NBD获得的样本的探针检测率在精神分裂症(SZ)患者组与对照受试者组之间基本上是相等的(45.8%对45.9%;P=0.913),并且全部样本的探针检测率都高于35%。
在一些实施方案中,随后可就抗精神病的及其它的治疗药物的使用检测在所述统计分析中被鉴定为差异表达的全部基因的表达水平,从而确定患者中这种用药升高的频率是否造成基因表达的组间差异。
可用独立样本t检验方法,比较治疗组与未治疗组的基因表达水平,从而检测抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药以及抗焦虑药的药物治疗效果。在此方法基础上,可用一种更量化的方法来评价抗精神病的药物治疗,这是通过将日剂量转化为一常用度量(如最高效剂量)并检测这种日剂量指标与每个差异表达基因的表达水平之间的关系。可以用Bonferroni校正对每类药物治疗中的多个检验进行高保守的成族(family-wise)校正。
另外,该方法的执行系统对基因表达数据进行分析,该数据来自对照组的血液样本以及患有该神经精神障碍的实验组的血液样本,从而获得第二系列差异表达的基因(方块204)。
在一个实施方案的执行中,外周全血样本(10ml)分别取自30位SZ患者和24位非精神病的对照受试者。患者和对照者性别比例相似(40%对58%的男性;P=0.180)但平均年龄不同(34对42岁;P=0.014)。将所有血液样本收集到含有K 3EDTA的无菌紫盖Vacuta iner管(BectonDickinson)中,暂时存储于4℃,在收集后的6小时内进行处理。根据精神障碍诊断与统计手册(DSM-IV,ref.12)标准对这些受试者的确认和诊断,血样的收集及制备,外周血细胞(PBC)的分离及裂解,RNA的提取、纯化及杂交,cRNA微列阵上的表达水平的定量以及质量控制过程全部根据标准方法进行操作。
在一些实施方案中,每个样本通过离心处理分离血浆、血沉棕黄层及红细胞层。弃去血浆,用裂解缓冲液破碎红细胞,再次离心每一混合物,形成白细胞沉淀,在裂解缓冲液中简单地冲洗该沉淀。再加入TRIzol(1ml;Invit rogen)以提取mRNA,然后根据上述DLPFC样本处理的方法进行纯化及质量评估。
制备用于微列阵的每一纯化的并有质量保证的RNA样本(5μg),将样本与GeneChip Human Genome U133A或U133 Plus 2.0列阵杂交,并根据厂商出版的实验手册(Affymetrix)用Affymetrix GeneChipScanner和Affymetrix gcos软件(Ver.1.1.1)进行一次扫描。
然后,可根据类似于脑组织样本处理的方法,用上述的统计分析系统160分析血液样本中的基因表达数据。
该系统还对比第一和第二系列差异表达的基因,从而确定一组共有的差异表达的基因(方块206)。比如,可将这些患者和对照者的血液中差异表达的基因列表与之前鉴定出的NBD中SZ患者与对照者DLPFC中差异表达的基因列表进行比较。可根据上述用于DLPFC样本的方法检测药物治疗对基因表达水平的影响,并且还可用相关性评价年龄的影响(患者和对照者的年龄不同)。
接下来,该系统从该组共有的差异表达的基因中鉴定基因本体(方块208)。在一些实施方案中,这可用本体鉴别系统160(包括应用MADCAP算法的系统)进行操作。MADCAP将统计分析系统鉴定出的差异表达基因的列表与一个微列阵上所有基因的列表进行对比,并基于整个微列阵表现出的基因确定标准的GO项中哪些项更频繁地表现出来。
在一些实施方案中,可根据Gene Ontology Consortium(GOC)认可的标准本体项对基因进行分类。由GOC建立并维护的GO分类系统从三个方面描述基因产物,所述三个方面包括生物过程、细胞组分及分子功能。基于本体维度(ontological dimensions)的基因分组进一步提高了鉴别基因真阳性结果的可能性,这些基因存在于功能相关的基因家族中并影响其活性,或者存在于一个可与疾病状态同步改变的延伸的基因系统中并影响其活性。
可以用MicroArray Data Characterization and Profiling(MADCAP)算法分析基因的本体类别及联系,MADCAP是对所述GOC的三个独立的GO的基因列表进行无监督统计分析的工具。该算法可(在GOC所认可的18,000个以上的项中)发现全部具有统计显著性的本体“项”以及代表这些项的基因,并且产生一个最显著项的本体图像输出(例如参见图4A和4B)。MADCAP的输入项由两个基因列表组成:参考列表和所选列表。参考列表通常包含在corgon-analyzed微列阵数据集(dataset)中被检测为表达的全部基因。基因的所选列表代表根据某些标准选自参考列表的一小组基因,在一些实施方案中,代表由统计分析系统鉴定为在SZ患者及对照受试者的DLPFC中显著差异表达的基因。之后MADCAP在所选基因系列中鉴定(如果存在的话)哪些生物过程、细胞组分及分子功能被显著地表现出来。每个基因直接地或通过GO子项与多个本体项相关联。参考基因列表确定一个参考本体图,该参考本体图是通过各个基因与本体项的联系以及项与其他项间的联系而确定的。所选基因确定上述参考图的子图。为确定所选基因所代表的生物过程,MADCAP搜索与异常高数量的所选基因相关联的项。具体而言,从子图的根项开始,利用该图的已知结构,我们可计算出每一紧邻子项的概率(p值),即与随机地选自参考列表的同样数量的基因相比,子项与同样或更多的所选基因相关联的概率。如果所选基因是通过特定生物过程而非随机地选出的,该过程本身可以通过异常多的所选基因被检测出来。
在一些实施方案中,该方法包括检验所述差异表达基因数据的系列,该数据系列来自对照组及患神经精神障碍的组的血液样本(方块210)。
在一个具体实施方案的执行中,用RT-PCR在PBC中定量最有希望的生物标志候选基因(SELENBP1,它在SZ的DLPFC和PBC中被显著地上调)的mRNA表达水平。用High-Capacity cDNA Archive试剂盒(Applied Biosystems),在100μl反应体系中将用TRIzol方法分离的全血RNA反转录成单链cDNA。然后,在20μl反应体系中,将每一cDNA样本(2ng)与SYBR green master mix(Qiagen,Valecia,CA)及引物混合。用PRIMERQUEST(Integrated DNA Technologies,Coralville,IA)设计正向及反向引物。用DNA Engine Opticon(MJResearch,Cambridge,MA)进行PCR扩增。检验自动计算出的解链温度解离曲线以确保PCR扩增的特异性以及每个孔中并未形成引物二聚体。用比较性Ct方程(Applied Biosystems)计算患者与对照样本中差异的相对倍数。简单地说,基因表达水平用2t -DΔC表示,其中DΔCt={[ΔCt(单个样本)]-[平均ΔCt(对照样本)]},ΔCt={[Ct(目标基因)]-[Ct(ACTB)]},ACTB是编码β肌动蛋白的看家基因。
在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括检验所述差异表达基因数据的系列,这些数据系列来自对照组及患有该神经精神障碍的组的脑组织(方块212)。在一些实施方案中,所述检验包括对样本进行免疫组织化学分析。
在一个具体实施方案的执行中,用柠檬酸盐缓冲液处理石蜡包埋的DLPFC脑组织切片(10μm),微波加热10分钟,在4℃暴露于小鼠抗硒结合蛋白单克隆抗体(1∶250倍稀释,MBL International,Woburn,MA)24小时。用小鼠单克隆Vectastain ABC试剂盒以及过氧化物酶的3,3’二氨基联苯底物(Vector Laboratories)检测抗体。切片用苏木精衬染,在Zeiss显微镜下观察,用IMAGE-PRO PLUS软件(Media Cybernetics,Silver Spring,MD)进行分析。
具体实施方案的实现结果
DLPFC中的基因表达。运用上述CORGON和Focus算法分析来自NBD中19位SZ患者及27位对照受试者的脑基因表达数据,鉴定出在所述两个组的DLPFC中差异表达的177个基因。其中,在SZ中有111个基因上调,66个基因下调。每一差异表达的基因的Affymetrix探针号、登记号、基因符号、基因产物和染色体基因座,及其在SZ患者和对照受试者中表达的变化倍数及相应的P值示于下表4中。与未治疗的受试者相比,接受抗惊厥治疗的受试者表现出6个基因显著下调和1个基因显著上调,而抗焦虑治疗提高两个基因的表达并降低另外两个基因的表达。抗抑郁治疗影响更多基因的表达,该治疗使10个基因有显著上调,7个基因有显著下调。抗精神病药物治疗的日剂量显著上调13个基因的表达,但不使任何基因的表达显著下调。所有这些药物治疗效果的显著性都在对多个检验用Bonferroni校正后被消除。
然后用MicroArray Data Characterization and Profiling处理所述177个差异表达的基因,发现有25个基因与一个或多个频繁表现的本体(overrepresented ontology)相关。25个基因中的13个代表了6个生物过程GO项。图4A显示在SZ的DLPFC中差异表达的基因中,被鉴定为所频繁表现的生物过程本体项之间的关系。此本体中成员最多的项是能量途径(Energy Pathways)(P=0.007),该项包含下表1所示的6个基因。此外,有18个基因代表了12个分子功能GO项。图4B显示在SZ的DLPFC中差异表达的基因中,被鉴定为频繁表现的分子功能本体项之间的关系。此本体中成员最多的项是氧化还原酶活性(P=0.031),该项描述了如下表2所示的7个基因的功能。这些基因中的3个(NDUFA2、NDUFB5和NDUFC1)也被分类为具有NADH脱氢酶活性。同时代表生物过程本体以及分子功能本体中的项的基因包括ACOX1、COX7C、COX17、CNN3、NDUFA2和NMT1,其中三个基因(ACOX1,COX7C和NDUFA2)具有能量途径中的氧化还原酶活性。其余的152个差异表达的基因与非显著频繁沉陷的GO项相关。
PBC中的基因表达。运用CORGON和Focus算法分析来自台湾的包括30位SZ患者及24位对照受试者的分离样本中的基因表达数据,鉴定出在两组的PBC中差异表达的123个基因。其中,在SZ中有67个基因上调,56个基因下调。每一差异表达的基因的Affymetrix探针号、登记号、基因符号、基因产物和染色体基因座,及其在SZ患者和对照受试者中表达的变化倍数及相应的P值示于下表5中。有8个基因的表达水平随年龄显著升高,而有10个基因的表达水平随年龄显著下降。抗惊厥治疗的受试者仅在一个基因的表达方面与未受此治疗的受试者不同,该基因表达上调;然而,抗抑郁治疗引起了15个基因的显著上调及2个其他基因的显著下调。年龄及这类药物治疗的影响都在对多个检验进行校正后被消除。值得注意的是,抗焦虑治疗引起了34个基因的显著上调和另外40个基因的显著下调。这些基因中的12个基因(包括CSDA、EPB42、FBXO9、FKBP8、GSK3A、HBA1(两个转录物)、HBA2、HBB(两个转录物)、HLA-B和UBB)的差异表达在经过对多个检验进行校正后仍具有显著性。抗精神病治疗的日剂量仅与1个基因(GOS2)的表达线性相关,在对多个检验进行校正后该基因仍保留有统计学上的显著性。
对比在PBC中差异表达的123个基因的列表与来自DLPFC的差异表达基因列表,鉴定出6个两者共有的基因。这6个基因在下表3中有详细说明。BTG1、HRNPA3及SFRS1在SZ的DLPFC中显著上调,但在SZ患者的其它样本的PBC中显著下调;相反形式的差异表达在GSK3A观察到,它是这6个基因中唯一一个表现出与精神病药物(即抗惊厥药)的使用显著相关的。相反地,SELENBP1在来自两组SZ患者样本的两种组织中都显著上调。HLA-DRB1在SZ的DLPFC和PBC中都显著下调;然而,在两种组织中,不同的探针系列(对应于同一基因的不同转录物)与这两个组织的疾病有关。
在SZ中差异表达的全部基因中,SELENBP1被鉴定为最有希望的候选生物标志,因为它是由相同的探针系列指示在SZ的脑和血液中以相似倾向显著差异表达的唯一基因。该显著上调通过对PBC进行RT-PCR得到证实,所述PBC获自从相同SZ患者(n=21)和对照(n=18)随机选出的亚组,并且由微列阵分析进行分析。RT-PCR显示SZ患者的PBC中SELENBP1高度显著地(P=0.003)增加了2.2倍,这与由微列阵观察到的该基因显著上调2.0倍的结果极其相符。
DLPFC中的蛋白表达。在4名对照受试者及4名SZ患者的每个个体的DLPFC组织的部分神经元和神经胶质中都观察到SELENBP1蛋白的粒状胞质染色。在对照中观察到的抗体染色模式的代表性实例示于图3A,在患者中观察到的抗体染色模式的代表性实例示于图3B。箭头310和320表示不同类型细胞中的胞质的抗体染色,箭头310指示神经胶质细胞,箭头320指示神经元。与对照组织相比,4名SZ患者中至少3名的DLPFC组织中神经胶质/神经元的SELENBP1抗体染色的强度及比例显著提高。SZ患者样本中增强的SELENBP1抗体神经胶质内染色在表达上升的核周缘最为明显。当缺少第一抗体时,任何细胞中均观察不到染色。
结果分析
在一些实施方案中,分析方案和对基因表达微列阵数据的解释包括:使用所述CORGON和Focus算法来限制I型错误,用MicroArray DataCharacterization and Profiling来确定差异表达基因所代表的本体。将实施方案应用于SZ患者DLPFC的基因表达数据,鉴定出177个基因,6个生物过程以及12个分子功能,这些可被认为是基因相关的分析及基于假设的功能研究的高优先级目标。这其中的28个基因编码染色体基因座,连锁分析表明这些基因座与SZ高度相关(表4),因此它们是特别受关注的候选生物标志。这些基因包括4个还与显著频繁表现的GO项相关的基因(ACOX1、NDUFA2、SUCLG1和TAPBP),以及在SZ的DLPFC和PBC中均差异表达的SFRS1和HLA-DRB1。这些基因为假定的SZ风险基因座的精细作图及定位克隆提供了参照点。
本发明实施方案的应用产生了本研究DLPFC中频繁表现的GO项,这些项主要与SZ通常并不涉及的神经递质系统(如GABA受体活性)相关,与非特异性针对某一给定神经递质系统的神经元过程(如动作电位的调节)相关,或者与非特异性针对神经系统的生物过程(如能量途径)相关。更确切地说,在SZ的DLPFC中差异表达的基因中主要是与能量代谢相关的基因。此外,在上述结果包含的基因中至少有四个参与电子传递,并且其中三个是位于线粒体内膜的NADH脱氢酶复合体的一部分。这些数据表明,特定途径或过程的功能障碍而不一定是特定基因中的功能障碍可能是SZ病因的重要部分。
此外,SZ患者DLPFC中差异表达的177个基因中每一个都是很有可能的候选风险基因。同时,这些患者的PBC中差异表达的123个基因可以作为该疾病的假定生物标志。上述从PBC中鉴定出的六个假定的生物标志基因也在SZ患者的脑中差异表达。其中包括调节细胞增殖的基因BTG1以及调节RNA剪切或转录的三个基因(GSK3A、HNRPA3和SFRS1)。上述基因可以作为次于SELENBP1和HLADRB1的第二候选SZ生物标志,SELENBP1和HLADRB1在DLPFC和PBC中表现出以相同倾向改变表达(分别为上调和下调)。再者,HLA-DRB1位于染色体6p21.3的MHC区域,这是SZ(22)的主要候选基因座,而SELENBP1位于染色体1q21-22,一个在一些而非大部分基因组范围的连锁研究中被认为与SZ高度相关的基因座。
此外,用RT-PCR检验SELENBP1在PBC中的上调证实了SELENBP1作为一个可能的外周生物标志的实用性。在DLPFC及PBC中检测到的SELENBP1转录物水平的改变也被翻译为功能水平上可观察到的结果,因为分析表明SELENBP1蛋白在SZ患者DLPFC的神经胶质中表达更密集而在神经元中不那么密集。
因此,本发明的多种实施方案以多种方法使用SELENBP1。例如,在一些实施方案中,一种神经精神障碍的诊断方法包括:检测或测定硒结合蛋白在第一哺乳动物生理样本的细胞中的表达量或表达水平。与未患精神情感障碍的哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平相比,硒结合蛋白在所述第一哺乳动物细胞中的表达量或表达水平的升高表明所述第一哺乳动物患有精神情感障碍。所述生理样本可以是血液,包括外周血细胞。
在另外的实施方案中,一种确定哺乳动物存在患神经精神障碍风险的方法包括:将来自第一哺乳动物生理样本的细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平与较早时间点的该第一哺乳动物的细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平相比较,或与未患神经精神障碍的哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平相比较。所述第一哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平随时间的升高,或者相对于未患神经精神障碍的哺乳动物的升高表明所述第一哺乳动物存在患神经精神障碍的风险。所述生理样本可以是血液,包括外周血细胞。
在又另外的实施方案中,一种确定哺乳动物存在神经精神障碍的进展风险的方法包括:将来自患有神经精神障碍的哺乳动物生理样本的细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平与较早时间点的该哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平相比较。所述硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平随时间的升高表明该哺乳动物具有神经精神障碍的进展风险。所述生理样本可以是血液,包括外周血细胞。
在再另外的实施方案中,一种确定一种试剂能否抑制硒结合蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中表达的方法包括:
a)将一试剂给予哺乳动物;并且
b)检测或确定该试剂能否抑制硒结合蛋白在该哺乳动物的生理样本的细胞中的表达。
在另外的实施方案中,一种确定一种试剂能否抑制或治疗神经精神障碍的方法包括:
a)将一试剂给予患有神经精神障碍的哺乳动物;并且
b)检测或确定该试剂是否抑制硒结合蛋白在该哺乳动物生理样本的细胞中的表达。所述细胞中硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平的下降表明该试剂可用于抑制或治疗所述神经精神障碍。
以上所述的实施方案提供了系统和方法,所述系统和方法用于分析基因表达微列阵数据从而检测神经精神障碍潜在的生物标志,并用于使用该分析检测出的生物标志。所述实施方案的运用鉴定出DLPFC中177个假定的SZ风险基因,其中的28个位于与该疾病相关的染色体基因座;描绘出可能在疾病中被中断的6个生物过程和12种分子功能;鉴定出PBC中123个假定的SZ生物标志,其中6个在DLPFC中具有相应的差异表达;验证了最强的SZ候选生物标志(SELENBP1)在PBC中的上调;并证实了SELENBP1蛋白在SZ的DLPFC中不同的表达形式。尽管以上讨论集中于SZ,然而本领域的普通技术人员应该认识到上述系统及方法可以应用于其他的脑区(比如SZ涉及或不涉及的结构,从而鉴定普遍存在的或区域特异性的改变)以及人群(比如双相型障碍患者,从而确定疾病特异性的改变),从而帮助发现SZ和其他神经精神障碍的高度可靠且可重复的候选风险基因。
在前面的具体实施方式中,为简化本公开,多种特征被集中到一个实施方案中。这种公开方法并不意味着要求保护的实施方案具有比每一权利要求更多的特征。因此以下的权利要求在此纳入具体实施方式中,每一权利要求本身作为一个独立的实施方案。
前面对于本发明的具体实施方案的描述是用于解释和描述。所示实施方案并不意味着穷举或将本发明限制为所公开的具体形式。应该理解的是,本领域的普通技术人员能够认识到具体实施方式中的教导可以有许多更改和变化,这些更改和变化虽未在本文公开,但也都属于本发明的范围之内。因此,本发明的范围是由后附的权利要求及其等同方案确定的,而并非由实施方案的描述确定。
提供摘要是为了符合美国联邦法规37篇§1.72(b)的规定,使读者能够快速地了解本文公开技术的本质和要点。应该理解所提交的摘要并不能用于限制权利要求的范围。
表1:在SZ的DLPFC中差异表达的基因频繁表现的生物过程本体项
本体项 | P | 基因标记 | 基因产物 | SZ中基因改变倍数(p) |
ATP-依赖型蛋白酶解 | 0.022 | CRBN | cereblon | 1.08(0.01660) |
0.023 | LPLRYP2SR1 | |||
循环 | 脂蛋白脂肪酶兰诺定受体2(心脏的)抗药蛋白 | 1.28(0.02680)1.14(0.01030)1.20(0.02480) | ||
能量途径 | 0.007 | ACOX1COX17COX7CGLP1RNDUFA2SUCLG1 | 酰基辅酶A氧化酶1,棕榈酰COX17同系物,细胞色素C氧化酶装配蛋白(酵母)细胞色素C氧化酶亚基VIIc胰高血糖素样肽1受体、NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚复合体,2,8kD琥珀酸盐-辅酶A连接酶,GDP合成,α亚基 | 1.20(0.00480)1.10(0.01780)1.07(0.04030)-1.90(0.03080)1.09(0.02260)1.06(0.02870) |
肌肉收缩 | 0.041 | CNN3RYR2SR1SSPN | 钙调理蛋白3,酸性兰诺定受体2(心脏的)抗药蛋白Sarcospan(Kras致癌基因相关基因) | 1.37(0.01660)1.14(0.01030)1.20(0.02480)1.21(0.04060) |
蛋白脂化 | 0.004 | NMT1 | N-十四酰转移酶 | 1.09(0.00980) |
动作电位的调节 | 0.013 | SR1 | 抗药蛋白 | 1.20(0.02480) |
表2:在SZ的DLPFC中差异表达的基因频繁表现的分子功能本体项
本体项 | P基因标记 | 基因产物 | SZ中基因改变倍数(p)114(0.02510) |
β-联蛋白结合 | 0.041 APC | 结肠息肉腺瘤病蛋白 | |
钙蛋白酶活性 | 0.009 CAPN1CAPN31 | 钙蛋白酶1,(mu/l)大亚基钙蛋白酶,小亚基1 | -1.10(0.02210)-1.10(0.01740) |
铜离子转运蛋白活性 | 0.016 COX17 | COX17同系物,细胞色素C氧化酶装配蛋白(酵母) | 1.10(0.01780) |
电子供体活性 | 0.027 ACOX1 | 酰基辅酶A氧化酶1,棕榈酰 | 1.20(0.00480) |
GABA受体活性 | 0.012 GABRA2GABRB1 | γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体A,α2γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体A,β1 | 1.22(0.01050)1.18(0.04360) |
甘氨酰肽N-十四酰转移酶活性 | 0.048 NMT1 | N-十四酰转移酶 | 1.09(0.00980) |
MHC蛋白结合 | 0.048 TAPBP | TPA-结合蛋白(tapasin) | -1.09(0.02930) |
NADH脱氢酶活性 | 0.019 NDUFA2NDUFB5NDUFC1 | NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚复合体,2,8kDNADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1β亚复合体,5,16kDNADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1未知亚复合体,1,6kD | 1.09(0.02260)1.09(0.02910)1.07(0.00900) |
氧化还原酶活性 | 0.031 ACOX1COX7CHSD17B12NDUFA2NDUF05NDUFC1P4HA1 | 酰基辅酶A氧化酶1,棕榈酰细胞色素C氧化酶亚基VIIc羟基类固醇(17-β)脱氢酶12NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚复合体,2,8kDNADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1β亚复合体,5,16kDNADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1未知亚复合体,1,6kD前胶原-脯氨酸,2-酮戊二酸-4-二氧化酶,α多肽1 | 1.20(0.00480)1.07(0.04030)1.11(0.03900)1.09(0.2250)1.09(0.02910)1.07(0.00900)1.12(0.03640) |
过氧化物酶体靶向信号受体活性 | 0.031 PEX5 | 过氧化物酶体生物发生因子5 | -1.12(0.00890) |
磷酸丝氨酸磷酸酶活性 | 0.009 PSPHL | 磷酸丝氨酸-磷酸酶类似物 | -2.14(0.04420) |
肌钙蛋白C结合 | 0.030 CNN3 | 钙调理蛋白3,酸性 | 1.37(0.01660) |
表3:在SZ的DLPFC和PBC中均差异表达的六个基因
Affymetrix探针号 | 登记号 | 基因符号 | 基因产物 | 染色体基因座 | SZ中的变化倍数(p) | |
DLPFC | PBC | |||||
200920_s_at202210_x_at209728_at209312_x_at215193_x_at211929_at214433_s_at211784_s_at | AL535380NM_019884BC005312U65585AJ297586AA527502NM_003944BC006181 | BTG1GSK3AHLA-DRB1””HNRPA3SELENBP1SFRS1 | B-细胞转位基因1,抑制增殖糖原合成酶激酶3α主要组织相容性复合体,II类,DRβ1”异型核核糖核蛋白A3硒结合蛋白1剪切因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸1(剪切因子2,另一剪切因子) | 12q2219q13.26p21.3””2q31.21q21-q2217q21.3-q22 | 1.14(0.04020)-1.09(0.02490)-1.17(0.04220)NS*NS*1.15(0.01410)1.16(0.04510)1.12(a02460) | -1.36(0.00008)1.59(0.00044)NS*-1.27(0.00007)-1.33(0.00006)-2.12(0.00004)1.95(0.00093)-1.71(0.00005) |
*NS:探针在用以研究所示组织的微列阵上没有差异表达
表4:在SZ的DLPFC中差异表达的基因
Affymetrix探针号 | 登记号 | 基因符号 | 基因产物 | 染色体基因座 | SZ中的变化倍数(p) | |
DLPFC | PBCs | |||||
210764_s_at201445_at208859_s_at215338_s_at216563_at216609_at208993_s_at209655_s_at203548_s_at217820_s_at211997_x_at214212_x_at218930_s_at202619_s_at202412_s_at209069_s_at207014_at204964_s_at212649_at | AF003114NM_001839AI650257AI688640X80821AF065241AW340788AI803181BF672975NM_018212NM_005324AI928241NM_018374AI754404AW499935BC001124NM_000807NM_005086AL079292 | CYR61CNN3ATRXNKTRANKRD12TXNPPIGTM4SF10LPLENAHH3F3BPLEKHC1FLJ11273PLOD2USP1H3F3BGABRA2SSPNDHX29 | 富含半胱氨酸,血管发生诱导物,61钙调理蛋白3,酸性α地中海贫血/智力低下综合征,X连锁(RAD54同系物,酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae))自然杀伤-肿瘤识别序列锚蛋白重复结构域12硫氧还蛋白肽基-脯氨酰异构酶G(胞溶质蛋白G)跨膜4超家族成员10脂蛋白脂肪酶激活同系物(果蝇drosophila)H3组蛋白,家族3B(H3.3B)含有普列克底物蛋白同源结构域,家族C(具有FERM结构域)成员1假定蛋白FLJ11273前胶原-赖氨酸,2-酮戊二酸5-二氧化酶(赖氨酸羟化酶)2泛醌特异性蛋白酶1H3组蛋白,家族3B(H3.3B)γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体,α2sarcospan(Kras致癌基因相关基因)DEAH(Asp-Glu-Ala-His)盒多肽29 | 1p31-p221p22-p21Xq13.1-q21.3p23-p2118p11229q312q31.1Xp1148p22*1q421217q2514q22.17p21.33q23-q241p321-p31.317q254p1212p1125q11.2 | 1.391.371.361.331.321.321.301.301.281.281.261.261.261.251.231.231.221.211.21 | 0.029900.016600.009800.002800.014700.019800.032600.012600.026800.006200.002800.046400.015200.022800.040300.004800.010500.040600.04200 |
215450_at217936_at206920_at209024_s_at209600_s_at212044_s_at218490_s_at200943_at222035_s_at203202_at293628_at205475_at216859_s_at201965_s_at203549_s_at208990_s_at210970_s_at212179_at212689_s_at214352_s_at221960_s_at201129_at201918_at | W87901AW044631AV752215AI472757S69189BE737027NM_018443NM_004965AI984479AI950314H05812NM_007261NM_016649NM_015046NM_000237AF132352AF235049AW157501AA524505BF673699AI189609NM_006276AI927944 | SNRPEARHGAP5SRISYNCRIPACOX1RPL27AZNF302HMGN1PAPOLAHRB2IGF1RSCRG1C20orf6KIAA0625LPLHNRPH3IBTKC6orf111JMJD1AKRAS2RAB2SFRS7FLJ10618 | 小核核糖核蛋白多肽Erho GTPase激活蛋白5抗药蛋白突触结合蛋白结合,胞质RNA互作蛋白酰基辅酶A氧化酶1,棕榈酰假定蛋白MGC10850锌指蛋白302高速泳动族核小体结合结构域1Poly(A)聚合酶αHV-1 rev结合蛋白2胰岛素样生长因子1受体羊瘙痒病应答蛋白1染色体20开放阅读框6Senataxin脂蛋白脂肪酶异型核核糖核蛋白H3(2H9)Bruton无丙种球蛋白血症酪氨酸蛋白激酶的抑制物染色体6开放阅读框111含有1A的jumonji结构域v-Ki-ras 2 Kirsten大鼠肉瘤2病毒性癌基因同系物RAB2,RAS癌基因家族成员剪切因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸7,35kDa假定蛋白FLJ10618 | 1q3214q12*7q21.16q14-c1517q24-q25*11p1519q131121q22314q323112q21115q2634q31-q3220p121*9034.138p22*10q226q14.16q16.3*2p11.2*12p12.18q12.12p2.213q23 | 1.211.211.201.201.201.201.201.191.191.181.181.181.181.171.171.171.171.171.171.171.171.161.16 | 0.033500.038900.024800.018500.004800.027800.034400.009200.026000.025500.036500.028600.033000.010700.040200.019600.047000.049000.012300.003300.022700.031800.04000 |
207010_at209763_at212366_at213792_s_at214433_s_at21B83_at21895_s_at20225B_s_at211929_at2198B19_s_at200610_s_at200920_s_at201138_s_at201637_s_at201831_s_at202324_s_at203526_s_at207557_s_at208683_s_at209049_5_at212332_at216039_at217975_at | NM000612AL049176AA972711AA455908NM_003944NM_013399NM_018072U50532AA527502NM_014018BC000371AL535380BG532929NM_005087BE875592NM_022735M74088NM_001035AI652848BC001004BF110947D38503NM_015303 | GABRB1CHR0L1ZNF292INSRSELENBP1C016orf5FLJ10359PFAAP5HNRPA3MRPS28K1AA0152BTG1SSBFXR1VDPAcB03APCRYR2TTC3PRKCBP1RBL2PMS21L1WBP5 | γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体,β1脊索发生素样1锌指蛋白292胰岛素受体硒结合蛋白染色体1 6开放阅读框5假定蛋白FLJ100359磷酰甲酸酯免疫相关蛋白5异型核核糖核蛋白A3线粒体核糖体蛋白S28KIAA0152基因产物B细胞转位基因1,抑制增殖Sjogren综合征抗原B(自身抗原La)脆性X智力低下,常染色体同系物1小泡停靠蛋白p115含有酰基辅酶A结合域3结肠息肉腺瘤病蛋白兰诺定受体2(心脏的)三角形四肽重复结构域3蛋白激酶C结合蛋白1成视网膜细胞瘤样2(p130)减数分裂后分离增加2样1WW结构域结合蛋白5 | 4p12xq236q15*19p13.3-p13.21q21-q2215p13.31q4313q12-q132q31.28q21.1-q21.212q24.3112q222031.13q284q21.11q42.125q21-q221q42.1-q4321q22.220q13.1215q12.2*7q22.1xq22.2 | 1.161.161.161.161.161.161.161.151.151.151.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.141.14 | 0.043600033400.046200.013000.045100.032800.019200.020300.014100.005800.024900.040200.005700.046900.289900.044600.025100.010300.040100.033400.044800.035100.02620 |
2c0944_s_at201773_at203133_at208921_s_at210588_s_at2119030_at212519_at216399_s_at218435_at55692_at202299_s_at207543_s_at209180_at211784_s_at211828_s_at221613_s_at200020_at200063_s_at202256_at202301_s_at209059_s_at214053_at217869_at | NM_004965NM_015339NM_005808L12387L32610AW080932AL518159AK025683NM_013238W22924NM_006402NM_000917U49245BC006181AF172268AL136598NM_007375BC002398NM_015614BE39879AB002282AW772192NM_016142 | HMGN1ADNPSCC61BSRIHNRPH3HNRPA3UBE2E1ZNF291DNAJD1ELMO2HBXIPP4HA1RABGGTBSFRS1TNIK2A20D3TARDBPNPM1TTRAPFLJ11021EDF1ERBB4HSD17B12 | 高速泳动族核小体结合结构域1活性依赖型神经保护子Sec61β亚基抗药蛋白异型核核糖核蛋白H3(2H9)异型核核糖核蛋白A3泛醌缀合酶E2E1(UBC4/5同系物,酵母)锌指蛋白291DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族D,成员1吞没和细胞运动性2(ced-12同系物,秀丽隐杆线虫(C.eleganS))乙肝病毒x相互作用蛋白前胶原-脯氨酸,2-酮戊二酸-4-二氧化酶(脯氨酸4-羟化酶),α多肽1rab香叶基香叶基转移酶,β亚基剪切因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸1(剪切因子2,另一剪切因子)TRAF2和NCK相互作用激酶锌指,含有A20域3TAR DNA结合蛋白核磷蛋白(核仁磷蛋白B23,numatrin)TRAF和TNF受体相关蛋白类似于剪切因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸4内皮分化相关因子1v-e1b-a成红细胞白血病病毒性癌基因同系物4(鸟类)羟基类固醇(17-β)脱氢酶12 | 21q22.320q13139q2.232-q31.37q21.110q222q31.23p24.2*15q2413q14.120q131p13.3*10q21.3-q23.11p3117q21.3·q22*3q25.215q25.11p36.225q356p22.3-p22.1*12q24.319q34.32q33.3-q3411p11.2 | 1.131.131.131.131.131.131.131.131.131.131.121.121.121.121.121.121.111.111.111.111.111.111.11 | 0.020500.012900.002600.024900.040500.020600.036800.000800.015600.036500.044000.036400.022100.024600.048400.040800.040700.032600 045200.024200.020900.040400.0900 |
222216_s_at200977_s_at201812_s_at203870_at203880_at208726_s_at208895_s_at217724_at204157_s_at2016r06_s_at20361_at209224_s_at217898_at217907_at218123_at200728_at217774_s_at217940_s_at218142_s_at201134_x_at203478_at217491_x_at217874_at | AK026857AF090891NM_019059BE866374NM_05694BC000461BG6305DAF131807AF020500BE756924NM_002492BC003674NM_020154NM_014161NM_017835BE566290NM_016404NM_018210NM_016302NM_001667NM_002494AF042165NM_003849 | MRPL17TAX1Bp1TOMM7USP46COX17EIF2S2DDX18PAI-RBP1NMT1PWP1NDUFB5NDUFA2C15or124MRPL18C21orf59ACTR2HSPC152FLJ10769CRBNCOX7CNDUFC1COX7CP1SUCLG1 | 线粒体核糖体蛋白L17Tax1(I型人T细胞白血病病毒)结合蛋白1线粒体外膜转位酶7同系物(酵母)泛醌特异性蛋白酶46COX17同系物,细胞色素c氧化酶组装蛋白(酵母)真核翻译起始因子2,亚基2β,38kDaDEAD(Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)盒多肽18PA1-1mRNA结合蛋白N-十四酰基转移酶1类似于酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)PWP1的核磷蛋白NADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1β亚复合体,5,16kDNADH脱氢酶(泛醌)1α亚复合体,2,8kD染色体15开放阅读框24线粒体核糖体蛋白L18染色体21开放阅读框59肌动蛋白相关蛋白2同系物(酵母)假定蛋白HSPC152假定蛋白FLJ10769cereblon细胞色素c氧化酶亚基VIIcNADH脱氢酶(泛醌)未知亚复合体,1,6kD细胞色素c氧化酶亚基VIIc假基因1琥珀酸盐-辅酶A连接酶,生成GDP,α亚基 | 11p15.5-p15:47p157p15.34q123q13.3320plor-q12*2q14.1*1p31·p2217q21.3112q23.33q26.335q31*15q146q25.321q22.12p1411q13113q343p26.25q144q28.2-q31.113q14-q212p11.2* | 1.111.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.0911.091.091.091.091.091.091.081.081.081.081.071.071.071.06 | 0.016500.030500.041400.044100.017800.031100.049300.016100.009800.043900.029100.022600.019100.003700.001300.040300.028500.016600.016600.040300.009000.036500.0870 |
200021at203929_s_at211780_x_at213857_x_ at201864_at202508_s_at202752_x_at203103_s_at206213_ at214626_s_at221965_at35265_at200758_s_at202210_x_at202801_at203906_at205331_s_at207366_at208390_s_at208829at214354_x_at219521_at220465_at | NM_005507AI056359BC006163AA609058NM_001493NM_003081NM012244NM_014502NM_003394AK0265548AABB13194U31501AI361227NM_019884NM_002730AI662645NM_016606NM_002251U01104AF029750T91506NM_018644NM_024988 | CFL1MAPTDCTN1ARHGEF10GDI1SNAP25SLC7ABPRP19WNT10BGANABRH98400FXR2NFE2L1GSK3APRKACAQSEC1C50rf19KCNS1GLp1RTAPBPSFTPBB3GAT1FLJ12355 | 丝切蛋白(coflin)(非肌肉)微管相关蛋白tau动力蛋白激活蛋白1(p150,粘同系物,果蝇)Rho乌嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)10GDP解离抑制物1突触小体相关蛋白,2 5kDa溶质载体家族7(阳离子氨基酸转运蛋白,y+系统),成员8PRP19/PS04同系物(酿酒酵母,S.cerevisiae)无翅型MMTV整合位点家族,成员10B糖苷酶,α;中性AB染色体11假定蛋白ORF4脆性X智力低下,常染色体同系物2核因子(网织红细胞衍生2)样1糖元合成酶激酶3α蛋白激酶,cAMP-依赖型,催化型,αIQ基序和Sec7结构域1染色体5开放阅读框1 9钾电压门控通道,延迟调节,亚家族S,成员1胰高血糖素样肽1受体TAP结合蛋白(tapasin)表面活性剂,肺相关蛋白Bβ-1,3-葡糖醛酸基转移酶1(葡糖醛酸基转移酶P)假定蛋白FLJ12355 | 11q1317q21.12p138p23Xq2B20p12-p11.2*14q11.2*11q12.212q1311q12.311cen-q22.3*17p13.117q21.319q13.219p13.13p25.2*5q31*20q126p21*6p21.3*2p12-p11.2*11q2519q13.11 | -1.00-1.07-1.07-1.07-1.08-1.08-1.0B-1.08-1.08-1.08-1.08-1.08-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09-1.09 | 0.046700.047700.037800.021100.022200.029800.017900.017500.045400014900.018400.00600.018900.024900.044000.043500.019700.043600.030800.029300.024700.043500.00970 |
221560at200001_at200639_s_at200752_s_at202676_x_at202806_at203618_at204947_at204980_at209229_s_at210975_x_at21167_x_at214903_at217419_x_at219400_at221901_at47560_at203151_at203831_at205325_at20B823_s_at211240_x_at217766_s_at | A8049127NM_001749NM_003406NM_005186NM_006712NM_004395AB023167NM_005225NM_004898BC002799BC000377AF052733AF070580AK021586NM_003632BF516072AI525402AW296788NM_014925NW_014759BE787860AB002382NM_014313 | MARK4CAPNS1YWHAZCAPN1FASTKDBN1FAIM2E2F1CLOCKKIAA1115FASTKIGSF4BFLJ42519AGRNCNTNAP1KIAA1644LPHN1MAP1AKIAA1002PHPYHIPPCTK1CTNND1SMP1 | MAP/微管亲和-调节激酶4钙蛋白酶,小亚基1酪氨酸3-单加氧酶/色氯酸5-单加氧酶活化蛋白,ζ多肽钙蛋白酶1(mu/l)大亚基FAST激酶肌联脑蛋白1(drebrin 1)Fas凋亡抑制分子2E2F转录因子1clock同系物(鼠)KIAA1115FAST激酶免疫球蛋白超家族,成员4BCDNA FLJ42519 fis,克隆BRACE3000787集聚蛋白接触蛋白相关蛋白1KIAA1644蛋白latrophilin 1微管相关蛋白1AKIAA1002蛋白植烷酰辅酶A羟化酶互作蛋白PCTAIRE蛋白激酶1连环蛋白(钙粘着蛋白相关蛋白),δ1小膜蛋白1 | 19q13.315q13.126q23111q137q355q35.312q1320q11.24q1219013.427q351q21.2-q221q321p36.3317q2122q1319p013215q13-qter12q13.38p21.3*Xp11.3-p11.2311q111p36.11 | -1.09-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.11-1.11-1.11-1.11-1.11-1.11 | 0.025400.017400.037200.022100.043400.021300.028700.003000.043700.016500.033900.021900.033900.033200.038500.033900.022600.026800.007000.045800.036400.015400.01340 |
220974_x_at221535_at203244_at203264_s_at207629_s_at209435_s_at217637_at212252_at212699_at204893_s_at211934_x_at212285_s_at217991_x_at218952_at205508_at209728_at219724_s_at203337_x_at217427_s_at205048_s_at | NM_030971AL136897NM_000319NM_015185NM_004723BC000265R25692AA181179BE222801NM_004799W87689AW008051NM_018070NM_013271NM_001037BC005312NM_014796NM_004763X75296NM_003832 | BA108L7.2FLJ11301PEX5ARHGEF9ARHGEF2ARHGEF2未知CAMKK2SCAMP5ZFYVE9GANABAGRNSSBP3PCSK1NSCN1BHLA-DRB1KIAA0748ITGB1BP1HIRAPSPHL | 与大鼠三羧酸盐载体样蛋白相似假定蛋白FLJ11301过氧化物酶体生物发生因子5Cdc42乌嘌呤核苷酸互换因子(GEF)9Rho/rac乌嘌呤核苷酸互换因子(GEF)2Rho/rac乌嘌呤核苷酸互换因子(GEF)全长插入物cDNA克隆ZE05A03钙/钙调蛋白-依赖型蛋白激酶激酶2,β分泌型载体膜蛋白5锌指,含FYVE域9糖苷酶,α;中性AB集聚蛋白单链DNA结合蛋白3前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin I型抑制物钠通道,电压门控,I型,β主要组织相容性复合体,II类,DRβ1KIAA0748基因产物整联蛋白β1结合蛋白1HIR组蛋白细胞周期调节缺陷型同系物A(酿酒酵母)磷酸丝氨酸磷酸酶样 | 10q24.323q2912p13.3Xq11.21q21-q221q21-q2220q13.112q24.215qq231p32.311q12.31p36.331p323Xp11.2919q13.16p213*12q1322p25.222q11.2*7q112 | -1.11-1.11-112-1.12-1.12-1.12-1.12-1.13-1.13-1.14-1.14-1.14-1.14-1.14-1.15-1.17-1.21-1.29-1.32-2.14 | 0.002600.004500.008900.039800.048200.008200.045000.039800.040900044000.011900.007400.014500.030500.007700.042200.003100.019300.005400.04420 |
*通过基因组连锁研究的汇总分析(meta-analysis)发现与SZ有关(22)
表5:在SZ的PBC中差异表达的基因
Affymetrix探针号 | 登记号 | 基因符号 | 基因产物 | 染色体基因座 | SZ中的变化倍数(p) | |
DLPFC | PBC | |||||
210746_s_at211560_s_at213524_s_at219672_at209890_at203691_at211781_x_at219630_at205950_s_at210395_x_at204466_s_at214433_s_at201178_at211475_s_at206834_at210088_x_at202219_at218872_at | M30646AF130113NM_015714NM_016633AF065389NM_002638BC006164NM_005764NM_001738AF116676BG260394NM_003944NM_012179AF116273NM_000519M36172NM_005629NM_017899 | EPB42ALAS2GOS2ERAFTM4SF9P13未知MAP17CA1MYL4SNCASELENBP1FBXO7BAG1HBDMYL4SLC6A8TSC | 红细胞膜蛋白带4.2氨基乙酰丙酸,δ-,合成酶(铁粒幼细胞贫血/低色素性贫血)假定的淋巴细胞G0/G1开关基因红细胞相关因子跨膜4超家族成员9蛋白酶抑制剂3,皮肤来源(SKALP)假定蛋白MGC13219膜相关蛋白17碳酸酐酶1肌球蛋白,轻多肽4,碱;心房,胚胎突触核蛋白(synuclein),α(非淀粉样蛋白前体A4组分)硒结合蛋白1F-box蛋白7BCL2-相关抗死亡基因(athanogen)血红蛋白,δ肌球蛋白,轻多肽4,碱;心房,胚胎溶质载体家族6(神经递质转运蛋白,肌酸),成员8假定蛋白FLJ20607 | 15q15-q21xp11.211q32.2-q4116p11.24q2320q12-q13未知1p338q13-q22.117q21-qter4q211q21-q2222q12-q139p1211p15.517q21-qterxq2812q24.22 | 2.352.342.282.132.122.052.042.011.991.991.951.951.911.891.861.841.831.83 | 0.000530.001110.001460.000290.002030.000010.000070.000110.000490.000030.001190.000930.000250.001750.001320.000040.000260.00019 |
201161_s_at202387_at204419_x_at204467_s_at216054_x_at204187_aat220757_s_at202947_s_at202201_at204848_x_at202659_x_at207827_x_at211546_x_at200844_s_at202364_at204505_s_at214273_x_at217748_at220807_at206207_at210638_s_at202074_s_at202210_x_at | NM_0035651NM_004323NM_0001B4NM_DO0345X58851NM_006877NM_025241NM_002101NM_000713NM_000559NM_000584L36676L38674BE869563NM_005962NM_00197BAV704353NM_015999NM_005331NM_001828AF176704NM_021980NM_019884 | CSDA6AG1HBG2SNCAMYL4GMPRUBXD1QYPCBLVRBHBG1IL8SNCASNCAPRDX6MXI1EPB49C150435ADIPOR1HBQ1CLCFBXO9OPTNGSKSA | 冷休克结构域蛋白ABCL2-相关抗死亡基因血红蛋白,γG突触核蛋白,α(非淀粉样蛋白前体A4组分)肌球蛋白,轻多肽4,碱;心房,胚胎单磷酸乌嘌呤核苷还原酶含UBX域1血型糖蛋白C(Gerbich血型)胆绿素还原酶B(黄素还原酶(NADPH))血红蛋白,γA白细胞介素8突触核蛋白,α(非淀粉样蛋白前体A4组分)突触核蛋白,α(非淀粉样蛋白前体A4组分)过氧化物氧还酶6(peroxi redoxin 6)MAX互作物1红细胞膜蛋白带4.9(束蛋白(dematin))染色体16开放阅读框35脂联素(adiponectin)受体1血红蛋白,θ1夏-雷二氏晶体蛋白F-盒蛋白9视神经碱蛋白(Optineurin)糖原合成酶激酶3α | 12p1319p1211p15.54q2117q21-q1cr6p2319p132q14q2t19q13.1-q13.211p15.54q13-q214q214q211q25110q24-q258p21.116p13.31p36.13-q4116p13.319q13.16p123-p11.210p1319q13.2 | 1.811.801.801.801.791.771.771.731.701.691.681.6B1.681.661 661.651.651.651.621.611.611.601.59 | 0.002400.0D1300.005010.002560.000020.000110.004340.07520.003900.007790 003470.000610.0000s0.002510.000050002140.001310.001380.004390.000090.000D10.000480.00044 |
205592at | X77737 | SLC4A1 | 溶质载体家族,阴离子交换子,成员1(红细胞膜蛋白带3,狄哥血型) | 17q21-q22 | 1.59 | 0.00400 |
221479_s_at | AF060922 | 6MP3L | BCL2/腺病毒E1B 19kDa互作蛋白3样 | 8p21 | 1.26 | 0.00543 |
201052_s_at | BG029917 | PSMf1 | 蛋白酶体(prosome,marcopain)抑制物亚基1(P131) | 20p13 | 1.55 | 0.00652 |
40B50_at | L37033 | FKBp6 | FK506结合蛋白8,38kDa | 19p12 | 1.52 | 0.00452 |
217882_at | NM_ 018447 | LOC55831 | 30kDa蛋白 | 3p25.3 | 1.51 | 0.00863 |
205863_at | NM_005821 | S100A12 | S100钙结合蛋白A12(钙粒蛋白C) | 1q21 | 1.50 | 0.0001B |
206949_s_at | BC001120 | LGALS3 | 凝集素,半乳糖苷-结合,可溶性3(半乳凝素3) | 14q21-q22 | 1.47 | 0.00157 |
215499_at | AA780381 | MAP2K3 | 促细胞分裂剂-激活蛋白激酶激酶3 | 170112 | 1.47 | 0.00001 |
20396_s_at | NM_021003 | PPM1A | 蛋白磷酸酶1A(原为2C),镁依赖型,α同种型 | 14q231 | 1.46 | 0.00013 |
210183_x_at | AF112222 | PNN | pinin,桥粒相关蛋白 | 14q21.1 | 1.45 | 0.00028 |
201018_x_at | NM_000558 | HBA1 | 血红蛋白,α1 | 15p13.3 | 1.43 | 0.00001 |
211699_x_at | AF349576 | HBA1 | 血红蛋白,α1 | 16p13.3 | 1.43 | 0.00003 |
21775_x_at | NM_005770 | SERF2 | 小富含EDRK因子2 | 15q15.3 | 1.43 | 0.00132 |
200633_at | NM_018955 | UBB | 泛素B | 17p12·p11.2 | 1.41 | 0.00031 |
217414_x_at | V00489 | HBA2 | 血红蛋白,α2 | 16p13.3 | 1.40 | 0.00006 |
201285_at | NM_013448 | MKRN1 | makorin环指蛋白,1 | 7q34 | 1.39 | 0.00044 |
209116_x_at | M25079 | HBB | 血红蛋白,β | 11p15.5 | 1.38 | 0.00002 |
211745_x_at | BC005931 | HBA2 | 血红蛋白,α2 | 16p13.3 | 1.38 | 0.00005 |
217232_x_at | AF059180 | HBB | 血红蛋白,β | 11p15.5 | 1.36 | 0.00005 |
214271_x_at | AA281332 | RPL12 | 核糖体蛋白L12 | 9q34 | 1.35 | 0.00001 |
2D9458_x_t | AF105974 | HBA1 | 血红蛋白,α1 | 16p13.3 | 1.34 | 0.00012 |
221700_s_at | AF348700 | UBA52 | 泛素A-52残基核糖体蛋白融合产物1 | 19p131-p12 | 1.33 | 0.00005 |
214290_s_at | AI313924 | H2AFO | H2A组蛋白家族,成员0 | 1p36.1-q24.1 | 1.30 | 0.00089 |
211696_x_at | AF349114 | HB6 | 血红蛋白,β | 11p155 | 1.29 | 0.00002 |
217977_at | NM_Df6332 | SEPX1 | 含硒蛋自质X,1 | 16p13.3 | 1.29 | 0.00265 |
214414_x_at | TS0S99 | HBA1 | 血红蛋白,α1 | 15p13.3 | 1.26 | 0.00076 |
211911_x_at | L07950 | HLA-B | 主要组织相容性复合体,I类,B | Gp21.2 | -1.21 | 0.00036 |
209619_at | K01144 | CD74 | CD74抗原(主妥组织相容性复合体的不变多肽,II类抗原相关) | 5q32 | -1.24 | 0.00010 |
200871_s_at | NM_002776 | PSAP | 鞘脂激活蛋白原(prosaposin)(变异型Gaucher病和变异型异染性脑白质营养不良) | 10q21-q22 | -1.27 | 0.00003 |
209312_x_at | U66585 | HLA-DRB1 | 主要组织相容性复合体,II类,DRβ1 | 6[21.3* | -1.27 | 0.00007 |
200904_at | X56841 | HLA-E | 主要组织相容性复合体,I类,E | 6p21.3 | -1.28 | 0.00003 |
208980_s_at | M26880 | UBC | 泛素C | 12q24.3 | -1.28 | 0.00037 |
212363_x_at | AU145192 | CTG1 | 肌动蛋白,γ1 | 17q25 | -1.30 | 0.00045 |
205237_at | NM_002003 | FCN1 | 纤维胶凝蛋白(ficolin)(含胶原/纤维蛋白原结构域)1 | 9q34 | -1.33 | 0.00055 |
215193_x_at | AJ297586 | HLA-DRB1 | 主要组织相容性复合体,II类,DRβ1 | 6p21.3 | -1.33 | 0.00006 |
201368_at | U07802 | ZFP35L2 | 锌指蛋白36,C3H型样2 | 2p223·p21 | -1.35 | 0.00018 |
200634_at | NM_005022 | PFN1 | (肌动蛋白)抑制蛋白1 | 17p13.2 | -1.96 | 0.00001 |
200866_s_at | M32221 | PSAP | 鞘脂激活蛋白原(变异型Gaucher病和变异型异染性脑白质营养不良) | 10q21-q22 | -1.36 | 0.00015 |
200920_s_at | AL535380 | BTG1 | B-细胞转位基因1,增殖抑制 | 12q22 | -1.36 | 0.00008 |
200772_x_at | BF56442 | PTMA | 前胸腺素,α(基因序列28) | 2q35q36 | -1.37 | 0.0002 |
208436_s_at | NM_005248 | FGR | Gardner-Rasheed猫科肉瘤病毒(v-fgr)癌基因同系物 | 1p362p96.1 | -1.38 | 0.00001 |
219505_at | NM_017424 | CECR1 | 猫眼综合征染色体区域,候选物1 | 22q11.2 | -1.38 | 0.00001 |
200742_s_at | 0G231932 | CLN2 | 蜡样质-脂褐质沉积症,神经元2,婴儿后期(Jansky-Bielschowsky病) | 11p15 | -1.41 | 0.00001 |
200743_s_at | NM_00D0391 | CLN2 | 蜡样质-脂褐质沉积症,神经元2,婴儿后期(Jansky-Bielschowsky病) | 11p15 | -1.41 | 0.00001 |
205698_at | U20350 | CX3CR1 | 趋化因子(C-X3-基序)受体1 | 3p21 | -1.41 | 0.00002 |
213739_s_at211991_s_at212102_at207419_s_at211921_x_at204912_at208743_5_at205292_s_at203037_s_at203104_at56256_at201393_s_at211784_s_at214617_at203741_s_at213475_s_at208988_at213872_at218395_at209007_s_at201218_at | AI587323M27487AI718937NM_002872AF348514NM_001558BC001359NM_002137NM_014751NM_005211AA150165NM_000876BC006181AI445650NM_001114ACO02310BE675843BE465032NM_017684AF267856N23018 | ATP5A1HLA·DPA1KCTD12RAC2PTMAIL10RAYW-HABHNRPA2B1MTSS1CSF1RSIOT21GF2RSFRS1PRF1AOCY71TGALFBOXL11C60rf52VPS13CNPD014CTBP2 | ATP合成酶,H+转运,线粒体F1复合体,α亚基,同种型1,心肌主要组织相容性复合体,II类,DPα1含钾通道四聚化域12Ras-相关C3肉毒素底物2(rho家族,小GTP结合蛋白Rac2)前胸腺素,α(基因序列28)白细胞介素10受体,α酪氨酸3-单加氧酶/色氨酸5-单加氧酶激活蛋白,β多肽异源核核糖核蛋白A2/B1转移抑制物1集落刺激因子1受体,原为McDonough猫科肉瘤病毒(v-fms)癌基因同系物SID1跨膜家族,成员2胰岛素样生长因子2受体剪切因子,富含精氨酸/丝氨酸1(剪切因子2,另一剪切因子)穿孔素1(孔形成蛋白)腺嘌呤环化酶7整合素,αL(抗原CD11A(p180),淋巴细胞功能相关抗原1;α多肽)F-盒和富含亮氨酸重复蛋白11染色体6开放阅读框62膜泡蛋白分拣13C(酵母)NPD014蛋白C端结合蛋白2 | 13q12·q216p21.313q22322q13.12q35·q3611q2320q13.17p158p225q33-q3511q23.36q2817q21.3-q2210q2215q12-q1315p11.211q13.26p22215q22.21p36.13-p35.110q26.13 | -1 44-1.48-1.49-1.51-1.52-1.54-1 54-1.59-1.60-1.63-1.63-1.66-1.71-1.71-1.73-1.73-1.75-1.75-1.79-1.80-1.86 | 0.000080.000020.000050.000920.000020.000060.000030.000010.000020.000010.000010.000150.000050.000010.000020.000010.000010.0000140.000020.000010.00003 |
203113_s_at202663_at215646_sat202230_s_at201798_s_at212070_at204516_at214683_s_at201088_at208810_at211929_at213906_at203132_at209006_s_at221768_at202817_s_at | NM_001960AI00043R94644NM_006387NM_013451AL5554003BG390306AI251890NM_002266AF080559AA527502AW592266NM_000321AF247168AV705803NM005637 | EEF10WASPIPCSPG2CHERPFER1L3GPR66ATXN7CLK1KPNA2DNAJB6HNRPA3MYBL1RB1NPD014SFPQSS18 | 真核翻译延伸因子1δ(乌嘌呤核苷酸交换蛋白)Wiskott-Aldrich综合征蛋白相互作用蛋白软骨素硫酸蛋白聚糖2(多功能蛋白聚糖)钙平衡内质网蛋白fer-1样3,myoferlin(秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans))G蛋白偶联受体56共济失调蛋白7(ataxin 7)CDC样激酶1核转运蛋白(karyopherin)α2(RAG组1,输入蛋白α1)DnaJ(Hsp40)同系物,亚家族B,成员6异源核核糖核蛋白A3v-myb成髓细胞白血病病毒癌基因同系物物(乌)样1视网膜母细胞瘤1(包括骨肉瘤)NPD014蛋白剪切因子富含脯氨酸/半胱氨酸(多嘧啶束结合蛋白相关)滑膜肉瘤转位,染色体18 | 3q24.32q31.15q14.319p13.110q2416q133p21.1-p122q3317923.1·q2337q36.32q31.28q2213q14.21p36.13-p35.11p34.318q11.2 | -1.88-1.89-1.91-1.94-1.95-2.02-2.05-2.07-2.08-2.09-2.12-2.22-2.46-2.67-2.73-7.24 | 0.0011B0.000010.00010.000080.000010.000010.000010.000010.000020.000020.000010.000040.000200.000050.000010.000510.00002 |
Claims (51)
1.一种方法,包括:
对第一系列基因数据和第二系列基因数据进行统计学分析,从而鉴定第一系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因,所述第一系列基因数据在获自未患神经精神障碍的第一对照组的脑组织中表达,所述第二系列基因数据在获自患有神经精神障碍的第一个体组的中枢神经组织中表达;
对第三系列基因数据和第四系列基因数据进行统计学分析,从而鉴定第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因,所述第三系列基因数据在获自未患有神经精神障碍的第二对照组的血液中表达,所述第四系列基因数据在获自患有神经精神障碍的第二个体组的血液中表达;并且
将所述第一系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因与所述第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因进行比较,从而鉴定一组共有的一个或多个差异表达的基因。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括鉴定与该组共有的差异表达基因相关的一个或多个基因本体。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中所述一个或多个基因本体选自生物过程、分子功能或细胞组分。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括使用第二种基因表达的测量方法,验证获自所述未患神经精神障碍的对照组的血液中和获自所述患有该神经精神障碍的个体组的血液中的所述第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述第二种基因表达的测量方法包括定量反转录聚合酶链式反应。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括使用第三种基因表达的测量方法,验证获自所述未患有神经精神障碍的对照组的中枢神经系统组织中和获自所述患有该神经精神障碍的个体组中的中枢神经系统组织中的所述第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述第三种基因表达的测量方法包括免疫组织化学。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述中枢神经系统组织包括脑组织。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述脑组织包括背外侧额叶前部皮质(DLPFC)组织。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述血液包括外周血细胞。
11.一个系统,包括:
一个统计分析系统,可用于:
接收第一系列基因数据和第二系列基因数据,并产生第一系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因,所述第一系列基因数据在获自未患神经精神障碍的对照组的中枢神经系统组织中表达,所述第二系列基因数据在获自患有神经精神障碍的个体组的中枢神经组织中表达;
接收第三系列基因数据和第四系列基因数据,并产生第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因,所述第三系列基因数据在获自所述未患有神经精神障碍的对照组的血液中表达,所述第四系列基因数据在获自所述患有神经精神障碍的个体组的血液中表达;以及
一个比较仪,可用于将所述第一系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因与所述第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因进行比较,并产生一组共有的一个或多个差异表达的基因。
12.根据权利要求11的系统,还包括一个本体鉴定系统,该本体鉴定系统可用于产生与该组共有的差异表达基因相关的一个或多个基因本体。
13.根据权利要求12的系统,其中所述本体是选自生物过程、分子功能或细胞组分。
14.根据权利要求12的系统,其中所述本体鉴定系统包括一个MADCAP本体鉴别系统的执行。
15.根据权利要求11的系统,其中所述统计分析系统包括一个CORGON统计分析系统的执行。
16.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述中枢神经系统组织包括脑组织。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述脑组织包括背外侧额叶前部皮质(DLPFC)组织。
18.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述血液包括外周血细胞。
19.一种计算机可读介质,具有用于执行一种方法的计算机可执行指令,所述方法和括:
对第一系列基因数据和第二系列基因数据进行统计学分析,从而鉴定第一系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因,所述第一系列基因数据在获自未患神经精神障碍的第一对照组的脑组织中表达,所述第二系列基因数据在获自患有神经精神障碍的第一个体组的中枢神经组织中表达;
对第三系列基因数据和第四系列基因数据进行统计学分析,从而鉴定第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因,所述第三系列基因数据在获自未患有神经精神障碍的第二对照组的血液中表达,所述第四系列基因数据在获自患有神经精神障碍的第二个体组的血液中表达;并且
将所述第一系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因与所述第二系列的一个或多个差异表达的基因进行比较,从而鉴定一组共有的一个或多个差异表达的基因。
20.根据权利要求19的计算机可读介质,其中所述方法进一步包括鉴定与所述该组共有的差异表达基因相关的一个或多个基因本体。
21.根据权利要求20的方法,其中所述一个或多个基因本体选自生物过程、分子功能或细胞组分。
22.一种诊断神经精神障碍的方法,包括:
检测或测定在第一哺乳动物的生理样本的细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平,其中,与未患有精神情感障碍的哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平相比,所述第一哺乳动物的细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平的升高表明所述第一哺乳动物患有精神情感障碍。
23.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述哺乳动物为人。
24.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述生理样本为生理液体样本。
25.根据权利要求24的方法,其中所述生理液体样本为血液。
26.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述细胞为外周血细胞。
27.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述障碍为精神分裂症。
28.根据权利要求22的方法,其中检测或测定所述硒结合蛋白的量或水平。
29.根据权利要求22的方法,其中检测或测定硒结合蛋白RNA的量或水平。
30.根据权利要求22的方法,其中检测或测定硒结合蛋白-1的表达量或表达水平。
31.一种确定哺乳动物患神经精神障碍的风险的方法,包括:将第一哺乳动物生理样本的细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平与在较早时间点的所述第一哺乳动物的细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平相比较,或者与未患有神经精神障碍的哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平相比较,其中所述第一哺乳动物的细胞中所述硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平随时间的升高,或相对于未患神经精神障碍的哺乳动物的升高表明所述第一哺乳动物有患神经精神障碍的风险。
32.根据权利要求31的方法,其中所述哺乳动物为人。
33.根据权利要求21的方法,其中所述生理样本为生理液体样本。
34.根据权利要求3 3的方法,其中所述生理液体样本为血液。
35.根据权利要求31的方法,其中所述细胞为外周血细胞。
36.根据权利要求31的方法,其中所述障碍为精神分裂症。
37.根据权利要求31的方法,其中检测或测定所述硒结合蛋白的量或水平。
38.根据权利要求31的方法,其中检测或测定硒结合蛋白RNA的量或水平。
39.根据权利要求31的方法,其中检测或测定硒结合蛋白-1的表达量或表达水平。
40.一种确定哺乳动物中神经精神障碍的进展风险的方法,包括:将患有神经精神障碍的哺乳动物的生理样本的细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平与较早时间点的所述哺乳动物细胞中硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平相比较,其中,所述硒结合蛋白的表达量或表达水平随时间的升高表明该哺乳动物具有神经精神障碍的进展风险。
41.根据权利要求40的方法,其中所述哺乳动物为人。
42.根据权利要求40的方法,其中所述生理样本为生理液体样本。
43.根据权利要求33的方法,其中所述生理液体样本为血液。
44.根据权利要求40的方法,其中所述细胞为外周血细胞。
45.根据权利要求40的方法,其中所述障碍为精神分裂症。
46.根据权利要求40的方法,其中检测或测定所述硒结合蛋白的量或水平。
47.根据权利要求40的方法,其中检测或测定硒结合蛋白RNA的量或水平。
48.根据权利要求40的方法,其中检测或测定硒结合蛋白-1的表达量或表达水平。
49.一种确定一种试剂能否抑制硒结合蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中表达的方法,包括:
a)将一试剂给予哺乳动物;并且
b)检测或确定该试剂能否抑制硒结合蛋白在该哺乳动物的生理样本的细胞中的表达。
50.一种确定一种试剂能否抑制或治疗神经精神障碍的方法,包括:
a)将一试剂给予患有神经精神障碍的哺乳动物;并且
b)检测或确定该试剂是否抑制硒结合蛋白在该哺乳动物生理样本的细胞中的表达,其中所述细胞中所述硒结合蛋白表达量或表达水平的下降表明该试剂可用于抑制或治疗所述神经精神障碍。
51.根据权利要求50中的方法,其中所述哺乳动物并非人类。
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CN103217534A (zh) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-24 | 上海市公共卫生临床中心 | 肺癌标志物sbp-1及其用途 |
CN104120172A (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-29 | 上海交通大学 | 精神分裂症的基因标志物及其使用方法和应用 |
CN109996895A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-07-09 | 卡斯滕·科思 | 体外诊断精神障碍的方法和生物标志物 |
CN112684186A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | 用于预测2型糖尿病患者发生mci风险的生物标志物和试剂盒及其应用 |
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US20080075789A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2008-03-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Genes differentially expressed in bipolar disorder and/or schizophrenia |
US8470299B2 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2013-06-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Biomarkers for psychosis |
EP2347015A4 (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2012-12-19 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA BASED ON POLYMORPHISMS IN THE ERBB4 GEN |
GB2479414B (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2015-11-11 | Snell Ltd | Repairing scratch impairments to an image |
KR101782768B1 (ko) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-09-28 | 주식회사 피시피아비아이티 | 신장질환 조기 진단용 바이오마커 sbp1 및 이의 이용 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103217534A (zh) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-24 | 上海市公共卫生临床中心 | 肺癌标志物sbp-1及其用途 |
CN104120172A (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-29 | 上海交通大学 | 精神分裂症的基因标志物及其使用方法和应用 |
CN104120172B (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2018-11-09 | 上海交通大学 | 精神分裂症的基因标志物及其使用方法和应用 |
CN109996895A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-07-09 | 卡斯滕·科思 | 体外诊断精神障碍的方法和生物标志物 |
CN112684186A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | 用于预测2型糖尿病患者发生mci风险的生物标志物和试剂盒及其应用 |
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US7879548B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
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AU2006214242A2 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
CA2597932A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
WO2006089062A2 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
KR20070112798A (ko) | 2007-11-27 |
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