CN101164002A - Dispersion compensator - Google Patents
Dispersion compensator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101164002A CN101164002A CNA2006800102564A CN200680010256A CN101164002A CN 101164002 A CN101164002 A CN 101164002A CN A2006800102564 A CNA2006800102564 A CN A2006800102564A CN 200680010256 A CN200680010256 A CN 200680010256A CN 101164002 A CN101164002 A CN 101164002A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the arrayed waveguides, e.g. comprising a filled groove in the array section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12014—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the wavefront splitting or combining section, e.g. grooves or optical elements in a slab waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12019—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the optical interconnection to or from the AWG devices, e.g. integration or coupling with lasers or photodiodes
- G02B6/12021—Comprising cascaded AWG devices; AWG multipass configuration; Plural AWG devices integrated on a single chip
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12023—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by means for reducing the polarisation dependence, e.g. reduced birefringence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12033—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by means for configuring the device, e.g. moveable element for wavelength tuning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
- G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
- G02B6/29355—Cascade arrangement of interferometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29392—Controlling dispersion
- G02B6/29394—Compensating wavelength dispersion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
- H04B10/25133—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion including a lumped electrical or optical dispersion compensator
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
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Abstract
A dispersion compensator apparatus (200) comprises a first IXM coupler (210) , a first MXN coupler (220) coupled to the first IXM coupler, a second MXN coupler (230) coupled to the first MXN coupler, and a second IXM coupler (240) coupled to the second MXN coupler. M and N are greater than 2 so as to increase the maximum achievable dispersion of the DC. The coupling ratios of the first and second MXN couplers are seleted such that the DC provides a desired amount of dispersion compensation.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application is relevant with the following application of common unexamined: on September 17th, 2003 that submit, " TUNABLE DISPERSION COMPENSATOR " by name, application No.10/664, on January 20th, 340 and 2004 is that submit, the application No.10/760 of " TUNABLEDISPERSION COMPENSATOR " by name, 516, they are comprised in herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention generally relates to optical communication field, relates in particular to the device that is used for dispersion compensation.
Background technology
Dispersion compensation (DC) is widely used in the compensation to the chromatic dispersion in the optical communication net.Adjustable dispersion compensating (TDC) is used to provide the dispersion compensation of a kind of compensation rate scalable (that is, adjustable).The TDC that has proposed for example comprises: toroidal cavity resonator, virtual image phased array (VIPA), cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), temperature tuning type etalon (etalon), the waveguide grating router (WGR) of band thermal lens and the body grating of belt variable shape catoptron.
Cascade MZI is considered to a kind of up-and-coming mode, because it shows low-loss and can be fabricated in the small-sized plane lightwave circuit (PLC) with the standard silica waveguide.Yet the TDC based on MZI of the prior art generally needs multistage and a plurality of control voltages, is difficult to make, and has high power consumption, makes their complexity expensive again.
A kind of TDC design of prior art has been shown in Fig. 1 a.This TDC is made up of two M arm interferometers (that is, waveguide grating router WGR# 1 and WGR#2), and M waveguide (that is arm) and two star-type couplers that each M arm interferometer is Δ L by the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch are formed.In their star-type coupler border one of two WGR has on the border of adjustable lens device and is coupling in together.The combination of two star-type couplers and lens can be regarded as an adjustable coupling mechanism.Adjustable lens device is one can provide quadratic phase distribution-kx
2/ (2f) dynamic 2D element, wherein k is the free space propagation constant, and x is the distance along the axis of lens, and f is a focal length.F is controlled, so that allow tuning TDC.The diopter s of lens device is defined as s=1/f.When focal length of lens f equals the radius of star-type coupler, be coupled as zero, promptly with star-type coupler in each waveguide (with diagonal manner) that links to each other only waveguide of being coupled to another star-type coupler.
The operation of TDC among Fig. 1 a can description below: for a given input signal (from the left side input), signal launches at lens device place wavelength by means of WGR#1.Each wave spectrum of signal partly projects on the different piece of lens device.When the focal length of lens device equaled the length of star coupler radius, all wave spectrum parts of signal all were directed, and make the field distribution of wave spectrum part be concentrated in the waveguide array of WGR#2.Therefore, all to have identical effective journey in TDC long for all wave spectrum part.Thereby the chromatic dispersion of TDC is zero.
If the focal length of lens is adjusted to longer than the radius of star-type coupler, the longer wavelength of signal (comparing with those wavelength near the centre wavelength of signal more) is mainly guided into leading than shortwave of WGR# 2 so, and short wavelength is mainly guided into leading than long wave of WGR#2.This causes long wavelength to be compared by TDC the time with short wavelength will pass shorter distance, makes TDC produce negative dispersion.If the focal length of lens is adjusted to shorter than star coupler radius, situation is just in time opposite so, and TDC produces positive dispersion.
The problem of the TDC of the prior art of Fig. 1 a is that loss increases (promptly short and long wavelength with the increase of dispersion magnitude, TDC presents circular passband), this is because the field distribution of wave spectrum part short and long wavelength is not concentrated in the waveguide array of WGR#2.Therefore, these wave spectrum parts are not coupled in the output waveguide efficiently, produce circular passband.
The TDC that is illustrated in another prior art among Fig. 1 b has solved the round problem of passband change of the TDC of Fig. 1 a.The TDC of Fig. 1 b has two adjustable lens of three MZI and coupling MZI, and wherein each MZI is made up of two waveguides.The MZI of two " outer " has the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch Δ L, and the waveguide path-length difference of central MZI is 2 Δ L.The passband of this TDC does not become circle (to the first order) with the increase of dispersion magnitude.Yet under such TDC based on MZI, maximum attainable chromatic dispersion is actually limited.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of device that is used for dispersion compensation, it can be advantageously implemented in the planar lightwave circuit (PLC), makes that it is small-sized, reliable, can be mass-produced and be all solid state.In a preferred embodiment, DC comprise one 1 * M coupling mechanism, be coupled to one 1 * M coupling mechanism the mat woven of fine bamboo strips one M * N coupling mechanism, be coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism of the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 21 * M coupling mechanism that is coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism.M and N are the integers greater than 2, so that increase maximum attainable DC chromatic dispersion.The coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism is selected as making that DC provides the chromatic dispersion compensation quantity of expectation.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the DC that provides comprises one 1 * M coupling mechanism, is coupled to the one M * N coupling mechanism of one 1 * M coupling mechanism, by at least one N * N coupling mechanism of coupled in series to the one M * N coupling mechanism, be coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism of described at least one N * N coupling mechanism and the 21 * M coupling mechanism that is coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism.The array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about M the waveguide of Δ L is coupled to M * N coupling mechanism respectively with 1 * M coupling mechanism.The array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about N the waveguide of 2 Δ L be coupled respectively M * N coupling mechanism and N * N coupling mechanism.The coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism is selected as making that dispersion compensator provides the chromatic dispersion compensation quantity of expectation.
Description of drawings
To understand above summary of the invention part and following embodiment part in conjunction with the accompanying drawings better.In order to illustrate the present invention, currently preferred embodiments shown in the drawings.Yet, should be appreciated that the present invention is not strictly limited to layout and the equipment that illustrates.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 a-b is the TDC of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram according to the embodiment of DC of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a synoptic diagram according to another embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 4 a-b is the embodiment that can be used in according to the lens devices among the DC of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of DC 200 according to an embodiment of the invention.DC 200 compares with the DC of prior art and presents wideer, more flat passband, and the maximum attainable dispersion compensation that increases also is provided.DC 200 preferably includes one 1 * M coupling mechanism 210, is coupled to the one M * N coupling mechanism 220 of one 1 * M coupling mechanism 210, is coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230 of the one M * N coupling mechanism 220 and the 21 * M coupling mechanism 240 that is coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230.
The array 215 that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about M the waveguide of Δ L be coupled one 1 * M coupling mechanism 210 and the one M * N coupling mechanism 220.The array 235 that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about M the waveguide of Δ L equally the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230 and the 21 * M coupling mechanism 240 that be coupled.The array 225 that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about N the waveguide of 2 Δ L be coupled the one M * N coupling mechanism 220 and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230.M and N are not necessarily equal, but all greater than 2.Preferably N is more than or equal to M, to reduce the loss of DC 200 when chromatic dispersion is non-vanishing.Be appreciated that quantity (that is, increase M, N and surpass 2), the maximum attainable chromatic dispersion (under fixing bandwidth) that just can increase DC 200 by increasing the waveguide in the waveguide array 215,225,235.The quantity that increases waveguide also provides wideer, more flat passband for DC 200.
M * N coupling mechanism 220,230 preferably includes two star-type couplers, and they are coupled effectively with the device that is used to control the coupling of the light that passes star-type coupler.The device that is used to control coupling for example can be provided in a side of the borderline lens devices of star-type coupler, describes below with reference to Fig. 4 a-b.
The coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism 220 and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230 is preferably selected to be the chromatic dispersion compensation quantity (below will discuss) that makes dispersion compensator 200 that expectation is provided.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism 220 and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230 is adjustable, thereby the dispersion measure (that is, tuning or change chromatic dispersion compensation quantity) that allows control to be provided by dispersion compensator 200 makes dispersion compensator 200 become a TDC.
In a preferred embodiment, the one M * N coupling mechanism 220 and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 230 comprises the adjustable lens means (not shown at Fig. 2) of the coupling ratio that is used for controlling them respectively.Adjustable lens means can comprise for example thermo-optic lens shown in Fig. 4 a or similarly other device.The thermo-optic lens of Fig. 4 a comprises a plurality of banded well heaters 410, and they are designed to: when electric current passes through well heater 410, produce the quadratic distribution of variations in refractive index, as lens.The diopter of lens is proportional to the electric power that drives lens.
Replacedly, M * N coupling mechanism 220,230 and adjustable lens means can use K the phase shifter 450 that is coupling between M * K coupling mechanism 455,456 to realize, shown in M * N coupling mechanism of Fig. 4 b.(M of Fig. 4 b * N coupling mechanism also may be implemented as the N * N coupling mechanism that uses with the embodiment that describes below with reference to Fig. 3.) a K phase shifter 450 preferably utilizes quadratic distribution to drive, as lens.K＞M preferably.The diopter of lens is subjected to the control of the amplitude of quadratic phase distribution.
In M * N coupling mechanism 220,230 adjustable embodiment, can use controller 250 (being illustrated among Fig. 2) to regulate or control M * N coupling mechanism 220,230.Controller 250 preferably provides single drive signal to M * N coupling mechanism 220,230, with the coupling ratio (for example controlling adjustable lens means) of control M * N coupling mechanism 220,230, thereby regulates the dispersion measure that is provided by dispersion compensator 200.
For positive dispersion compensation, the coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism 220,230 is preferably selected (or control) for making that passing coupling mechanism propagates leading than long wave the array 225 that the longer wavelength of the light of (for example, the array 225 from the array (215 or 235) of M waveguide to N waveguide) is coupled to N waveguide basically.Therefore, wavelength is long more, and it is long more that it will pass the used time of device propagation, causes positive dispersion.
For negative dispersion compensation, the coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism 220,230 is preferably selected (or control) for making that passing coupling mechanism propagates leading than long wave the array 225 that the shorter wavelength of the light of (for example, the array 225 from the array (215 or 235) of M waveguide to N waveguide) is coupled to N waveguide basically.Therefore, wavelength is short more, and it is long more that it will pass the used time of device propagation, causes negative dispersion.
In a further advantageous embodiment, dispersion compensator 200 also comprises the half-wave plate 260 that effectively is coupling between first and second M * N coupling mechanism 220,230, makes dispersion compensator provide basically and polarization (polarization) irrelevant dispersion compensation.This is because the way that the ripple plate makes two intrinsics be polarized in passes device is exchanged.
Person of skill in the art will appreciate that: in the waveguide array of coupling 1 * M and M * N coupling mechanism, adopt the DC of the waveguide that increases quantity not expect the phase error that takes place because long further journey length present.Specifically, the number of waveguides in the increase waveguide array has increased the resolution of DC.The long error of journey (for example because manufacturing issue produce) may cause raising with resolution and be the loss that index rises.Therefore, the benefit of the number of waveguides (that is, in order to obtain wideer, more flat bandwidth and littler distorted signals) in increasing DC and compromise to one of existence between the responsive more harm of manufacturing flaw with the rising of DC resolution.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, provide DC 300, it has solved phase error problems discussed above.Under the situation that does not increase the arm number in the waveguide array, by in DC, adding more coupling mechanism and waveguide array, can increase maximum attainable chromatic dispersion, significantly reduce above-mentioned susceptibility simultaneously to phase error problems.
Use the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about the array 315 coupling one 1 * M coupling mechanism 310 and the one M * N coupling mechanisms 320 of M the waveguide of Δ L.Use the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about array 355 coupling the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 350 and 21 * M coupling mechanisms 360 of M the waveguide of Δ L equally.
First and second M * N coupling mechanism 320,350 is coupled to described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) by the array (for example 325) that is used the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about N the waveguide of 2 Δ L respectively.Surpass among the embodiment of a N * N coupling mechanism having, use the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about array (for example 335) N that is coupled * N coupling mechanism (for example 330,340) of N the waveguide of 2 Δ L.
The coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism 320, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 350 is preferably selected to be the chromatic dispersion compensation quantity (below will discuss) that makes dispersion compensator 300 that expectation is provided.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one M * N coupling mechanism 320, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism 350 are adjustable.Specifically, the coupling ratio of these coupling mechanisms is adjustable, thereby the dispersion measure (that is, tuning or change chromatic dispersion compensation quantity) that allows control to be provided by dispersion compensator 300 makes dispersion compensator 300 become a TDC.Preferably, above-mentioned control is finished by single control signal, has simplified characteristic description and the operation of TDC.
In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable lens means of describing with reference to figure 2 above for example can using wait regulate coupling mechanism (320,330,340 ... 350).Coupling mechanism (320,330,340 ... 350) can use controller 370 to regulate or control.Preferably, the one M * N coupling mechanism 320 and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism is S+S by total signal strength
oDrive signal drive, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) uses total signal strength to be S+S
oDrive signal drive, wherein s is a drive signal strength, s
oBe the coupling ratio of control coupling mechanism, make DC 300 that the intensity of the drive signal of zero dispersion compensation is provided.Preferably, 〉=1, more preferably, be about 2.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that: be coupled to the waveguide array that has off-centering field and distribute (for example 325) because M * N coupling mechanism 320,350 will have waveguide array (315,355) that central field distributes, and N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) two of couplings all have the waveguide array that off-centering field distributes (for example 325,335), so N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) need be than M * N coupling mechanism (320,350) stronger " lens strength " is to realize the coupling of expectation exactly.
For positive dispersion compensation is provided, the coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism 320,350 is selected as making that passing longer wavelength that M * N coupling mechanism (for example M * N coupling mechanism 320) propagates into the light of at least one N * N coupling mechanism (for example N * N coupling mechanism 330) is coupled to and the leading than long wave of array (array 325 of for example N waveguide) of N waveguide of this M * N coupling mechanism (for example M * N coupling mechanism 320) coupling basically.In addition, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) coupling ratio is selected as making and passes described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) longer wavelength of the light of Chuan Boing is coupled to respectively and the leading than long wave of the array of N waveguide of described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) coupling basically.
For negative dispersion compensation is provided, the coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism 320,350 is selected as making that passing shorter wavelength that M * N coupling mechanism (for example M * N coupling mechanism 320) propagates into the light of at least one N * N coupling mechanism (for example N * N coupling mechanism 330) is coupled to and the leading than long wave of array (array 325 of for example N waveguide) of N waveguide of this M * N coupling mechanism (for example M * N coupling mechanism 320) coupling basically.In addition, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) coupling ratio is selected as making and passes described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) shorter wavelength of the light of Chuan Boing is coupled to respectively and the leading than long wave of the array of N waveguide of described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) coupling basically.
The DC 300 of Fig. 3 can also comprise the half-wave plate 380 that effectively is coupling between described at least one N * N coupling mechanism (330,340) with reference to as described in the figure 2 as top, makes dispersion compensator 300 provide basically and the irrelevant dispersion compensation of polarization.One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that: in order to realize basically and the irrelevant dispersion compensation of polarization that half-wave plate must be placed on the axis of symmetry of DC 300.
One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that: the DC 300 of Fig. 3 may be implemented as a kind of simplified structure, wherein have only two waveguides be used to be coupled each coupling mechanism (310,320,330,340 ... 350,360) (that is, M and N are 2).
Those skilled in the art also will recognize: the foregoing description can be implemented in reflection (two-way) structure that adopts catoptron (level crossing) and circulator equivalently, does so usually in the planar lightwave circuit device.
Person of skill in the art will appreciate that: can make change to the foregoing description, and not depart from its inventive concept widely.Therefore be appreciated that to the invention is not restricted to disclosed embodiment, and be intended to cover the whole modifications in the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. dispersion compensator comprises:
One 1 * M coupling mechanism;
Be coupled to the one M * N coupling mechanism of one 1 * M coupling mechanism;
Be coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism of the one M * N coupling mechanism; With
Be coupled to 21 * M coupling mechanism of the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism;
Wherein M and N be greater than 2, and wherein, select the coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism, makes described dispersion compensator that the chromatic dispersion compensation quantity of expectation is provided.
2. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about M the waveguide of Δ L respectively be coupled one 1 * M coupling mechanism and the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M that is coupled * N coupling mechanism and 21 * M coupling mechanism, and wherein, be coupled the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism of the array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about N the waveguide of 2 Δ L.
3. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 2, wherein, select the coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism, make the longer wavelength pass the light that these coupling mechanisms propagate be coupled to the leading of array of a described N waveguide basically, so that positive dispersion compensation to be provided than long wave.
4. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 2, wherein, select the coupling ratio of first and second M * N coupling mechanism, make the shorter wavelength pass the light that these coupling mechanisms propagate be coupled to the leading of array of a described N waveguide basically, so that negative dispersion compensation to be provided than long wave.
5. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism is adjustable, thus the dispersion measure that control is provided by described dispersion compensator.
6. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 1, wherein, each all comprises adjustable lens means the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism, is used to control the coupling ratio of this M * N coupling mechanism.
7. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 6, wherein, each all comprises thermo-optic lens described adjustable lens means.
8. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 6, wherein, each all comprises a plurality of phase shifters described adjustable lens means.
9. dispersion compensator as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the half-wave plate that effectively is coupling between first and second M * N coupling mechanism, makes described dispersion compensator provide basically and the irrelevant dispersion compensation of polarization.
10. dispersion compensator comprises:
One 1 * M coupling mechanism;
Be coupled to the one M * N coupling mechanism of one 1 * M coupling mechanism;
By at least one N * N coupling mechanism of coupled in series to the one M * N coupling mechanism;
Be coupled to the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism of described at least one N * N coupling mechanism; With
Be coupled to 21 * M coupling mechanism of the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism;
Wherein, be coupled one 1 * M coupling mechanism and the one M * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M that is coupled * N coupling mechanism and 21 * M coupling mechanism of the array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about M the waveguide of Δ L respectively; And
Wherein, the array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about N the waveguide of 2 Δ L respectively is coupled to described at least one N * N coupling mechanism with first and second M * N coupling mechanism; And
Wherein, the array that uses the long difference of adjacent wave helical pitch to be about N the waveguide of 2 Δ L described at least one N * N coupling mechanism that is coupled; And
Wherein, select the coupling ratio of the one M * N coupling mechanism, described at least one N * N coupling mechanism and the 2nd M * N coupling mechanism, make described dispersion compensator that the chromatic dispersion compensation quantity of expectation is provided.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/096,022 | 2005-03-31 | ||
| US11/096,022 US7106923B1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Dispersion compensator |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102365755A Division CN101907745A (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-21 | Dispersion compensator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101164002A true CN101164002A (en) | 2008-04-16 |
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ID=36581942
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800102564A Pending CN101164002A (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-21 | Dispersion compensator |
| CN2010102365755A Pending CN101907745A (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-21 | Dispersion compensator |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102365755A Pending CN101907745A (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-21 | Dispersion compensator |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7106923B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1869516A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5280838B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN101164002A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006104753A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4952744B2 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2012-06-13 | 富士通株式会社 | Variable wavelength dispersion compensator and optical receiver module |
| DE102009043135A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2011-04-14 | Technische Universität Dresden | Optical filter unit for optical transmission systems, has compensation filter, detector and evaluation unit, where compensation output and two balanced monitor outputs are provided for monitoring signal quality and filter settings |
| US8406580B2 (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2013-03-26 | Aidi Corporation | Planar lightwave fourier-transform spectrometer measurement including phase shifting for error correction |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3147323B2 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 2001-03-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Light dispersion equalization circuit |
| US6690855B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2004-02-10 | Nortel Networks Limited | Planar waveguide dispersion compensator |
| JP2003066387A (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-05 | Nec Corp | Filter device |
| WO2004019502A2 (en) * | 2002-08-26 | 2004-03-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optical code division multiple access network utilizing reconfigurable spectral phase coding |
| US6785446B1 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-08-31 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Multi-channel optical equalizer for intersymbol interference mitigation |
| US6996343B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2006-02-07 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Dispersion compensator |
| WO2004111661A2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-23 | Duke University | System and method for low coherence broadband quadrature interferometry |
-
2005
- 2005-03-31 US US11/096,022 patent/US7106923B1/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-03-21 EP EP06748488A patent/EP1869516A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-21 CN CNA2006800102564A patent/CN101164002A/en active Pending
- 2006-03-21 WO PCT/US2006/010110 patent/WO2006104753A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-21 CN CN2010102365755A patent/CN101907745A/en active Pending
- 2006-03-21 JP JP2008504142A patent/JP5280838B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101907745A (en) | 2010-12-08 |
| US20060222295A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| JP5280838B2 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
| EP1869516A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
| WO2006104753A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| JP2008536167A (en) | 2008-09-04 |
| US7106923B1 (en) | 2006-09-12 |
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