CN101145810B - Communication system and communication apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A communication system includes the following elements: a transmitter including a transmission circuit unit configured to generate an RF signal for transmitting data and an electric-field-coupling antenna configured to transmit the RF signal as an electrostatic field; a receiver including an electric-field-coupling antenna and a reception circuit unit configured to receive and process the RF signal received by the electric-field-coupling antenna; and a surface-wave propagation medium configured to provide a surface-wave transmission line to transmit a surface wave emanating from the electric-field-coupling antenna of the transmitter with low propagation loss.

Description

Communication system and communicator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of communication system of between information equipment, carrying out Large Volume Data communication, particularly relate to utilize electrostatic field (quasi-electrostatic field) or induction field to carry out between information equipment and other communication system between the communication system of glitch-free data communication.

In more detail, the present invention relates to a kind of communication system that realizes by the big volume transport high-frequency signal of field coupled, particularly relate to the interelectrode distance that enlarges the transmitter-receiver carry out field coupled, make the communication system of the flexible design of configuration between transmitter-receiver, communicator.

Background technology

Recently, during the small information equipment room mobile data that between with data such as image, music and personal computer, exchanges etc., replacement is with AV (Audio Visual: audiovisual) cable, USB (Universal Serial Bus: the interconnective data communication of general cable such as cable USB), with the vehicular method of media such as storage card, and utilize the situation of wave point to be on the increase.According to the latter, when the transmission data, cable is disposed in the replacement operation that does not need to carry out connector, the user convenience height.Many information equipments that carried various wireless cableless communication functions have also appearred.

As the method for between mini-plant, carrying out transfer of data by no cable, local area network (LAN)), headed by bluetooth (registered trade mark) communication with the WLAN of IEEE802.11 representative (Local Area Network:, developed the electric wave communication mode that the transmission of using antenna to carry out wireless signal receives.For example, a kind of packaged type image recording structure has been proposed, it is built-in built-in aerial on the position that is not covered by the hand that has gripped handle portion, built-in aerial is not covered by hand and receives correct view data, even therefore be equipped with the antenna that radio communication is used, also can former state bring into play the characteristic (for example with reference to patent documentation 1) that antenna is had originally in device inside.

The existing wireless communications system has adopted the electric wave communication mode mostly, utilizes the radiation electric field that produces when flowing through electric current in the antenna (antenna) to come transmitting signal.In this case, whether no matter exist communication object all can emit electric wave from sender side, therefore having becomes the problem that near the interference electric wave of communication system is taken place in the source.In addition, the antenna of receiver side not only receives the expectation ripple from transmitter, also receives the electric wave that transmits from a distant place, therefore is subjected to disturbing the influence of electric wave easily on every side, becomes the reason that receiving sensitivity reduces.In addition, exist under the situation of a plurality of communication objects,, need carry out complicated setting in order therefrom to select the communication object of expectation.For example, the wireless machine of many groups carries out under the situation of radio communication in narrow scope, for fear of mutual interference, is necessary to carry out frequency selection etc. frequency division is multiplexing to communicate.In addition, when the polarized wave direction was vertical, electric wave can't communicate, and therefore needed to make mutual sky linearly polarized wave direction unanimity between transmitter-receiver.

For example, under the situation of the contactless data communication system in having considered several millimeters to several centimetres point blank, wish transmitter-receiver powerful coupling in closely, on the other hand for fear of signal being arrived at a distance to the interference of other system.In addition, wish to make and when being close to point blank, do not rely on mutual posture (direction) between the equipment that carries out data communication and be coupled, do not have directive property.In addition, in order to carry out Large Volume Data communication, hope can be carried out broadband communications.

In radio communication, except the above-mentioned electric wave communication that utilizes the radiation electric field, can also enumerate the communication mode that has utilized electrostatic field, induction field etc.For example, mainly utilizing at RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification: in the existing non-contact communication system radio-frequency (RF) identification), used field coupled mode, way of electromagnetic induction.Electrostatic field, induction field be for the distance of leaving the generation source, respectively with the cube of distance and square inversely proportional.Thereby therefore the transmission signals of this non-contact communication system does not produce coupled relation along with sharply decay of distance when not having communication object nearby, therefore can not disturb other communication system.In addition, even transmit electric wave from afar, coupler (coupler) does not receive electric wave yet, and therefore realization is not subjected to the interference from other communication system.

For example, a kind of RFID tag system has been proposed, its formation is positioned between a plurality of communication auxiliary bodies the RFID label and the communication auxiliary body group of configuration, communicate by letter between auxiliary body for being clipped in by the RFID tag configurations that will be attached on a plurality of commodity, even under the state that the RFID label overlaps, also can carry out stable information read/write (for example, with reference to patent documentation 2).

In addition, a kind of data communication equipment that uses induction field has been proposed, it possesses device body and is used for this device body is worn on wearing unit on the health, and the data communication units that possesses aerial coil and carry out data communication with noncontact by this aerial coil and external communication device, configuration aerial coil and data communication units (for example, with reference to patent documentation 3) in the shell that is arranged on device body top.

In addition, a kind of pocket telephone has been proposed, load the aerial coil that is used for carrying out data communication on its storage card in being inserted into mobile information apparatus with external equipment, as structure at the outside of the storage card insert opening of mobile information apparatus configuration RFID aerial coil, having does not influence portability and guarantees communication distance RFID (for example, with reference to patent documentation 4).

Utilized the existing rfid system of electrostatic field, induction field to use low frequency signal, so communication speed is slower, is not suitable for the mass data transmission.Relative therewith, the inventor thinks, by high-frequency signal is coupled into the row transmission and can carries out big volume transport with electric field.

Yet, with respect to the electric field strength and the inversely proportional and slow decay of distance of radiation electric field, the electric field strength of induction field, electrostatic field respectively with distance square and cube is inversely proportional and rapid decay is promptly bigger by the signal attenuation that communication distance causes.In addition, produce propagation loss, therefore when propagating high-frequency signal, become remarkable with the problem of the corresponding propagation loss of interelectrode distance by field coupled according to the size of the propagation distance of relative wavelength.Therefore, the coupling electricity consumption interpolar of transmitter and receiver as far as possible closely need be contacted.Fully close each other in order to be coupled with electrode, need between electrode, carry out delicate contraposition, if must keep this position in the data communication, then to user's inconvenience.In addition, in long distance, can't between transmitter-receiver, carry out direct communication.

In addition, will be coupled when being installed in the communicator housing with electrode, the interelectrode distance when reducing data communication need be configured in electrode the outside of housing as far as possible, can cause the restriction layout degree of freedom in case design.Certainly, wish that coupling is a small-scale and low-cost with electrode.

Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2006-106612 communique

Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2006-60283 communique

Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2004-214879 communique

Patent documentation 4: TOHKEMY 2005-18671 communique

Summary of the invention

The problem that invention will solve

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of outstanding communication system, it can utilize electrostatic field or induction field to carry out the data communication of not disturbing with other communication system between information equipment.

Further purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of outstanding communication system, and it can realize by the communication mode that has utilized electrostatic field or induction field high-frequency signal being carried out the Large Volume Data transmission.

Further purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of outstanding communication system, and the interelectrode distance of its coupling that can enlarge transmitter-receiver makes the configuration between transmitter-receiver, the flexible design of communicator.

The scheme that is used to deal with problems

The present invention considers the problems referred to above and finishes, and is a kind of communication system, it is characterized in that possessing: transmitter, and it possesses the transtation mission circuit portion of the high-frequency signal that generates the transmission data and the high-frequency coupler that this high-frequency signal is sent as the electromagnetostatic field; Receiver, the receiving circuit portion that it possesses high-frequency coupler and the high-frequency signal that receives in this high-frequency coupler is received processing; And the surface wave propagation unit, it provides the surface wave transmission line road that the surface wave from aforementioned sender side high-frequency coupler radiation is transmitted with low propagation loss.

Wherein, said here " system " is meant that multiple arrangement (perhaps realizing the functional module of specific function) gathers the object that forms in logic, and whether be in each device, functional module does not have special relationship (following identical) in the single housing.

When can with data such as image, music and personal computer between the transfer of data of the small information equipment room that exchanges etc. when carrying out in no cable mode, the user's convenience height.Yet, in the most wireless communication systems that with the WLAN are representative, utilizing the radiation electric field that produces when in antenna, flowing through electric current, therefore can cause no matter whether exist communication object all to emit electric wave.In addition, the radiation electric field with from the inversely proportional and slow decay of the distance of antenna, so signal can arrive than a distant place.Therefore, not only can become the source is taken place for the interference electric wave of neighbour's communication system, and the antenna of receiver side also can owing to around disturb the influence of electric wave and the receiving sensitivity reduction.In a word in the electric wave communication mode, be difficult to realize be restricted to the radio communication of the communication object of point blank.

On the other hand, in the communication system of having utilized electrostatic field, induction field, when not having communication object nearby, do not produce coupled relation.In addition, the electric field strength of induction field, electrostatic field respectively with distance square and the inversely proportional and rapid decay of cube.That is, do not produce unwanted electric field and electric field and do not arrive at a distance, therefore can not disturb other communication system.In addition, even transmit electric wave from a distant place, coupling does not receive electric wave with electrode yet, therefore is not subjected to the interference from other communication system.

In addition, owing in the existing non-contact communication system that has utilized electrostatic field, induction field, used low frequency signal, therefore be not suitable for the mass data transmission, but the inventor thought, by using high-frequency signal, in this non-contact communication system, also can carry out the Large Volume Data transmission.

Yet, the electric field strength of induction field, electrostatic field respectively with distance square and the inversely proportional and rapid decay of cube, and, therefore the bigger problem of propagation loss is arranged owing to be the short wavelength when using high-frequency signal.Therefore, the coupling electricity consumption interpolar of transmitter and receiver is as far as possible closely contacted, can't grow the communication in the distance.In addition,, need between electrode, carry out delicate contraposition, and if must keep this position, then inconvenience concerning the user in the data communication in order to make coupling with fully approaching between the electrode.

Therefore, the communication system relevant with the present invention adopted the communication mode that high-frequency signal is transmitted by field coupled, constitute by the surface wave transmission unit and transmit from the surface wave of the coupling electricity consumption polar radiation of sender side, thereby the electrode that does not make transmitter-receiver is fully approaching each other or carry out delicate contraposition, just can carry out transfer of data.

The surface wave transmission unit for example constitutes with the surface wave transmission line road that wire-like members was constituted that is made of dielectric, magnetic, along the direct of travel configuration of compressional wave from the electromagnetic wave of the coupling electricity consumption polar radiation of sender side.This surface wave transmission line road is by transmission line inside and surface propagation surface ripple expeditiously, therefore compare with the situation of on the free space that does not have allocation list ground roll transmission line, propagating surface wave, can between by coupler, exist the surface wave transmission line road to reduce propagation loss at transmitter-receiver.In addition, when carrying out non-contact transmission, the user need not make mutual coupling with directly closely contacting between the electrode between the transmitter-receiver.

The surface wave transmission line road is for example by having greater than dielectric constant of air ε ₀The dielectric of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT constitute.In this case, dielectric surface wave is parallel advancing on boundary face, and cause reflection fully in boundary face.Thereby, when making surface wave incide dielectric inside with suitable angle, repeated reflection in two borders, and lossless ground of surface wave high efficiency is propagated.

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line also can be made of the dielectric with dielectric constant bigger than the inboard, becomes the situation that the dielectric surface that dielectric constant is high is further covered by other low dielectric layer of dielectric constant.In this case, be suppressed at the ratio that the surface wave conduct is radiated through the wave direction outside in the way of propagating in the surface wave transmission line road, can transmit signal more expeditiously.For example, also aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line further can be embedded in other low dielectric of dielectric constant.

Perhaps, the surface wave transmission line road for example can be by having greater than air permeability μ ₀The magnetic of magnetic permeability μ constitute.In this case, the surface wave of magnetic is parallel advancing on boundary face, and produce reflection fully in edge surface.Therefore, when making surface wave incide magnetic inside with suitable angle, repeated reflection in two borders, and nondestructively high efficiency propagation of surface wave.

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line also can be made of the magnetic with magnetic permeability bigger than the inboard, become the situation that the magnetic surface that magnetic permeability is high is further covered by other low magnetic layer of magnetic permeability, thus, the ratio that can be suppressed in the way of propagating in the surface wave transmission line road, the surface wave conduct sees through the outside radiation of wave direction is transmitted signal more expeditiously.For example, also aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line can be embedded in the support that constitutes by other lower magnetic of magnetic permeability.

In addition, the surface wave transmission line road also can not be by a dielectric (perhaps magnetic) but be made of a plurality of dielectrics (perhaps magnetic) that cut off midway.That is, can use, therefore can use as the contactless communication that does not have the physics contact between equipment room, equipment and member with the electric midway cut-out on surface wave transmission line road and with non-contacting state.In this case, can not contact between the dielectric of cut-out (perhaps magnetic) yet, but wish that for less the interval of dielectric (perhaps magnetic) is less, make on the position that is positioned at relatively between the face that transmits signal in opposite directions for loss is suppressed.

In addition, be equipped with transmitter/receiver circuit portion and coupling on the main substrate in communication equipment with in the layout in the housing of electrode, do not place before the electrode of in housing, accommodating in the depths under the situation of anything, can spread loss from the air of signal in housing of electrode radiation.Relative therewith, be provided as the dielectric or the magnetic on surface wave transmission line road with the electrode front in coupling, to be directed to surface of shell by the surface wave transmission line road from the electromagnetic field signal that coupling electricity consumption polar radiation goes out, thereby can carry out high efficiency signal transmission.

At this, the high-frequency signal transmission path that aforementioned transmitter will transmit the high-frequency signal that aforementioned transtation mission circuit portion generated is connected to the substantial middle of the electrode of aforementioned high-frequency coupler by the resonance part with assigned frequency resonance.In addition, aforementioned receiver is at the electrode substantial middle place of aforementioned high-frequency coupler, by the resonance part with assigned frequency resonance, is connected with the high-frequency signal transmission path to aforementioned receiving circuit portion transmitting high-frequency signal.

Aforementioned resonance part can be made of lumped circuit.Specifically, aforementioned resonance part is made of inductor in parallel between holding wire that is connected aforementioned high-frequency transmission line and ground connection and the holding wire and the interelectrode series inductor that are connected aforementioned high-frequency transmission line.Perhaps aforementioned resonance part can be made of distributed constant circuit.Specifically, on the printed base plate that carries coupler, form the conductive pattern (being also referred to as " short-term ") that depends on the length of using wavelength, it is played a role as resonance part.

The effect of invention

Can provide a kind of outstanding communication system according to the present invention, it can utilize electrostatic field or induction field to carry out the data communication of not disturbing with other communication system between information equipment.

In addition, can provide a kind of outstanding communication system according to the present invention, it can realize high-frequency signal is carried out the Large Volume Data transmission by the communication mode that has utilized electrostatic field or induction field.

In addition, can provide a kind of outstanding communication system according to the present invention, the interelectrode distance of its coupling that can enlarge transmitter-receiver makes the configuration between transmitter-receiver, the flexible design of communicator.

In the communication system relevant with the present invention, the surface wave propagation unit transmits from the surface wave of the coupling electrode radiation of sender side expeditiously with lower propagation loss, the user need not make the directly closely contact of mutual coupling electricity consumption interpolar when therefore carrying out data communication between transmitter-receiver, even can carry out the data communication by field coupled in long distance yet.

In addition, according to the communication system relevant with the present invention, not need for make between the electrode that carries out field coupled fully near and between electrode, carry out delicate contraposition, and need in the communicator housing, electrode be configured in hull outside, therefore increased the degree of freedom of housing layout designs.

According to the communication system relevant with the present invention, between the surface wave transmission line road that the coupling of transmitter-receiver can be provided with electrode and surface wave propagation unit, the cut-out midway on surface wave transmission line road and use with contactless state, therefore can use as the contactless communication that does not have the physics contact between equipment room, equipment and member.

In addition, in the communicator relevant, the surface wave from the coupling electrode radiation can be directed to the position of easy utilization by the surface wave transmission line road with the present invention.Thus, do not need coupling electrode is configured in the outside near the communicator housing, therefore increased the degree of freedom of parts installations, housing layout designs.

The other purpose of the present invention, feature, advantage can be by next clear and definite based on being described in more detail of embodiment of the present invention described later, accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the figure of the situation propagated in the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric of presentation surface ripple.

Fig. 2 is the figure of the situation propagated in the surface wave transmission line road that is made of magnetic of presentation surface ripple.

Fig. 3 is the figure of the structure example of the expression communication system relevant with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the figure that the surface wave of expression transmitter 10 sends the structure example of part.

Fig. 5 is the figure that expression adds the structure example of appearance type antenna.

Fig. 6 is the figure that the surface wave of expression transmitter 10 sends other structure example of part.

Fig. 7 is the figure that expression constitutes the example on tabular surface wave transmission line road.

Fig. 8 is the figure that expression constitutes the example on banded surface wave transmission line road.

Fig. 9 is the figure of example that expression constitutes the surface wave transmission line road of wire.

Figure 10 is the figure of example that expression constitutes the surface wave transmission line road of taper.

Figure 11 is that expression makes the high dielectric surface of dielectric constant by the figure of the structure example of other lower dielectric layer covering of dielectric constant as the surface wave transmission line road.

Figure 12 is the figure of expression dielectric constant along with excentric structure example apart from r continually varying surface wave transmission line road.

Figure 13 is expression is embedded in the situation in other lower dielectric of dielectric constant as the surface wave transmission line road dielectric that dielectric constant is high figure.

Figure 14 is that presentation surface ripple transmission line is not a dielectric (perhaps magnetic) but the figure of the example that is made of the cut a plurality of dielectrics in centre (perhaps magnetic).

Figure 15 is the figure of structure example that the contactless communication machine on surface wave transmission line road has been used in expression.

Figure 16 is electric field composition (compressional wave composition) E of expression along the direction vibration parallel with the direction of propagation _RFigure.

Figure 17 A is expression as dielectric with PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or NiZn ferrite, magnetite are respectively applied for transmission line length under the situation on surface wave transmission line road as magnetic and the figure of propagation loss relation.

Figure 17 B is the figure of expression as the material of surface wave transmission line road use.

Figure 17 C is the figure that is used to illustrate propagation loss.

Figure 18 A represents when the electrode centers at high-frequency coupler is connected with high-frequency transmission line the figure of the situation of the electric current in the electrode of flowing through.

Figure 18 B represents when high-frequency transmission line being connected to from certain position that the electrode centers of high-frequency coupler departs from, thus the figure of the situation of the inhomogeneous electric current radiation unwanted radio wave that flows in the electrode.

Figure 19 is the figure of structure example that expression has utilized the non-contact communication system of electrostatic field or induction field.

Figure 20 is the figure that represents to be configured in respectively the structure example of the high-frequency coupler in transmitter 10 and the receiver 20.

Figure 21 is the figure that the situation of band pass filter is disposed high-frequency coupler shown in Figure 20, constitutes as a whole in expression relatively.

Figure 22 is the figure of the equivalent electric circuit of the band pass filter that is made of 1 group of high-frequency coupler of expression.

Figure 23 is the figure of the equivalent electric circuit when representing high-frequency coupler monomer shown in Figure 20 as impedance inverter circuit performance function.

Figure 24 is the figure that the result of range determination propagation loss is placed antenna, coupler (situation that inductor in parallel is arranged), coupler (situation that does not have inductor in parallel) and changes in expression respectively in opposite directions.

Figure 25 is the figure of the practical structures example of expression high-frequency coupler shown in Figure 20.

Figure 26 is that expression will be mapped in the figure of coupling with the situation on the electrode by the electromagnetic field that small dipole forms.

Figure 27 is illustrated between relative 2 high- frequency couplers 1 and 2 to exist the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric to carry out the figure of the situation of high-frequency signal transmission.

Figure 28 A is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Electric Field Distribution in the zx face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 28 B is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Electric Field Distribution in the zx face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 28 C is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Electric Field Distribution in the zx face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 28 D is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Electric Field Distribution in the zx face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 28 E is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Electric Field Distribution in the zx face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 28 F is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Electric Field Distribution in the zx face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 29 A is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Distribution of Magnetic Field in the xy face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 29 B is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Distribution of Magnetic Field in the xy face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 29 C is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Distribution of Magnetic Field in the xy face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 29 D is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Distribution of Magnetic Field in the xy face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 29 E is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Distribution of Magnetic Field in the xy face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 29 F is when existing the surface wave transmission line road to come transmitting high-frequency signal in structure shown in Figure 27, with the figure of the variation of the Distribution of Magnetic Field in the xy face of 1/12 time interval half period in cycle.

Figure 30 schematically shows the Electric Field Distribution that produces around the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric and the figure of Distribution of Magnetic Field.

Figure 31 A is the electric field E that is illustrated in the compressional wave that produces in the surface of coupling with electrode of high-frequency coupler _RIn the end on the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by dielectric as the figure of the situation of surface wave propagation.

Figure 31 B is the electric field E that is illustrated in the compressional wave that produces in the surface of coupling with electrode of high-frequency coupler _RIn the end on the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by dielectric as the figure of the situation of surface wave propagation.

Figure 32 is the propagation loss S that is illustrated in the structure shown in Figure 27, when obtaining the size that has changed transmitter-receiver coupling usefulness electrode separately by the emulation of Finite Element ₂₁Result's figure.

Figure 33 is the propagation loss S that is illustrated in the structure shown in Figure 27, when obtaining the thickness that has changed the surface wave transmission line road by the emulation of Finite Element ₂₁Result's figure.

Figure 34 is illustrated in the structure shown in Figure 27, the propagation loss S when obtaining the relative dielectric constant that changed the surface wave transmission line road and relative permeability by the emulation of Finite Element ₂₁Result's figure.

Figure 35 is the figure of expression with communication system applications shown in Figure 3 structure example when the electric power transfer.

Figure 36 is the figure of expression with communication system applications shown in Figure 3 other structure example when the electric power transfer.

Description of reference numerals:

10: transmitter, 11: transtation mission circuit portion, 12: resonance part, 12A: inductor in parallel, 12B: series inductor, 14: send and use electrode, 20: receiver, 21: receiving circuit portion, 22: resonance part, 23: receive and use electrode, 30: surface wave transmission line road, 31: outside layer.

Embodiment

Below, the execution mode that present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying.

The present invention relates to a kind of communication system of utilizing electrostatic field or induction field between information equipment, to carry out transfer of data.According to communication mode based on electrostatic field or induction field, when not having communication object nearby, there is not coupled relation, do not radiate electric wave, therefore can not disturb other communication system.In addition, even transmit electric wave from a distant place, coupler does not receive electric wave yet, therefore is not subjected to the interference from other communication system.

In addition, in the existing electric wave communication of having used antenna, the electric field strength of radiation electric field is inversely proportional with distance, relative therewith, square inversely proportional decay of electric field strength and distance in induction field, the inversely proportional decay of the cube of electric field strength and distance in electrostatic field is therefore according to the communication mode based on field coupled, can constitute becomes the faint wireless of noise level degree near other wireless system of existence, do not need to obtain the permission of radio administration.

In addition, the electrostatic field of Gai Bianing is also referred to as " quasi-electrostatic field " in time, but comprises that in this manual it all is referred to as " electrostatic field ".

In the existing communication that has utilized electrostatic field or induction field, use low frequency signal, therefore be not suitable for carrying out the mass data transmission.Relative therewith, in the communication system relevant with the present invention, thereby by carrying out big volume transport with the field coupled transmitting high-frequency signal.Specifically, as UWB (Ultra Wide Band: ultrabroad band) communicate by letter, be applied in the field coupled, can realize faint wireless and Large Volume Data communication by having used high frequency, wide band communication mode.

The very wide frequency band of 3.1GHz～10.6GHz has been used in UWB communication, can realize the closely big capacity wireless data transmission of 100Mbps degree.UWB communication originally is the communication technology of developing as having used the electric wave communication mode of antenna, for example in IEEE802.15.3 etc., as the access control scheme of UWB communication, has considered to comprise the data transfer mode of the bag structure of preamble.In addition, as the application of UWB, Intel is being studied as towards the general-purpose interface of personal computer and the wireless version of universal USB.

In addition, also can surpass the transfer of data of 100Mbps, the simple and easy degree of manufacturing of RF circuit even consider the transmission band that UWB communication does not take 3.1GHz～10.6GHz, the transmission system of the UWB low-frequency band of having used 3.1～4.9GHz has also been carried out a large amount of exploitations.The inventor thinks that the data transmission system of having utilized the UWB low-frequency band is to be equipped on one of high efficiency wireless communication technology on the mobile device.The Device Domain network) for example, the ultrahigh speed that can realize comprising memory device is closely used DAN (Device AreaNetwork: the high speed data transfer in the nearby region such as.

The inventor thinks, according to the UWB communication system of having utilized electrostatic field or induction field, can carry out data communication by faint electric field, and can be with the high speed and for example Large Volume Data of the music data of dynamic image, 1 CD data volume that passes at short notice.

Expression has utilized the structure example of the non-contact communication system of electrostatic field or induction field among Figure 19.Illustrated communication system constitutes by carrying out transmitter 10 that data send and the receiver 20 that carries out Data Receiving.

The transmission that transmitter 10 and receiver 20 have respectively receives the electrode 13 and 23 of usefulness, for example leaves configuration relatively about 3cm, can carry out field coupled.When generating the transmission request from upper application program, the transtation mission circuit portion 11 of sender side generates the contour feed signals that takes place frequently of UWB signal according to sending data, and signal uses electrode 13 to propagate to receiving with electrode 23 from sending.Then, the receiving circuit portion 21 of receiver 20 sides carries out demodulation and decoding processing with the high-frequency signal that receives, and the data passes of reproducing is arrived upper application program.

According to as UWB communication, using high frequency, wide band communication mode, the ultrahigh speed transfer of data of 100Mbps degree can realized closely.In addition, not to carry out by electric wave communication but by field coupled under the situation of UWB communication, the cube of its electric field strength and distance or square inversely proportional, therefore by being suppressed at below the prescribed level apart from the electric field strength (received-signal strength) of 3 meters of wireless devices, can make it become the faint wireless of the permission that do not need radio administration, thereby can constitute communication system at an easy rate.In addition, carrying out under the situation of data communication following advantage being arranged with super close distance by the field coupled mode: do not have the situation that signal quality reduces owing to the reverberation of periphery existence, need on transmission channel, not consider to prevent to crack, guarantee confidentiality.

On the other hand, along with the size with respect to the propagation distance of wavelength, it is big that propagation loss becomes, and therefore when propagating high-frequency signal by field coupled, propagation loss need be suppressed very low.In communication mode as the UWB signal, even the super close distance communication about 3cm also be equivalent to about 1/2nd wavelength for service band 4GHz, so its length can't be ignored with field coupled carry high frequency broadband signal.Particularly in high-frequency circuit, compare with low-frequency channel, the characteristic impedance problem is more deep, and is remarkable in the influence that the interelectrode Coupling point place of transmitter-receiver causes owing to impedance does not match.

In the existing contactless communication of the frequency of having used kHz or MHz band, propagation loss in the space is little, therefore transmitter and receiver possess the coupler that only is made of electrode, even under the situation that coupling unit moves as parallel plate capacitor merely, also can carry out the desired data transmission.Relative therewith, under the situation of the contactless communication of the high frequency that has used the GHz band, it is big that the propagation loss in the space becomes, and therefore need improve efficiency of transmission in the coupling of transmitter-receiver with the reflection that suppresses signal between the electrode.In communication system shown in Figure 19, even the high-frequency signal transmission path that links transtation mission circuit portion 11 and send with electrode 13 is a coaxial cable of for example having realized the impedance matching of 50 Ω, when the coupling of transmitter side does not match with the impedance at the coupling part place of 23 at electrode with the coupling of electrode 13 and receiver side, thereby signal also can reflect and produces propagation loss.

Therefore, as shown in Figure 20, constitute the tabular coupling is connected on the high-frequency signal transmission path with electrode 13,23 and inductor 12A in parallel, 22A, series inductor 12B, 22B being configured in high-frequency coupler in transmitter 10 and the receiver 20 respectively.When this high-frequency coupler was disposed as illustrated in fig. 21 in opposite directions, two electrodes moved as a capacitor, moved as band pass filter as a whole, therefore can transmit high-frequency signal efficiently between two high-frequency couplers.Here said high-frequency signal transmission path is expression coaxial cable, microstrip circuit, coplane circuit etc.

In non-contact communication system shown in Figure 19, during by high frequency signals such as field coupled transmission UWB, as follows as the necessary condition of high-frequency coupler.

(1) is useful on the electrode that is coupled with electric field.

(2) be useful on the inductor in parallel that is coupled with highfield more.

The constant of the capacitor of setting inductor in the frequency band that (3) uses and formed by electrode in communication makes realization impedance matching when coupler is placed in opposite directions.

As shown in figure 21, by 1 group of relative band pass filter that high-frequency coupler constitutes of electrode, can decide it to pass through frequency f by the induction coefficient of series inductor and inductor in parallel, by the capacitor volume that electrode constitutes ₀The equivalent electric circuit of the band pass filter that expression is made of 1 group of high-frequency coupler among Figure 22.When establishing characteristic impedance is R[Ω], centre frequency is f ₀The capacitor volume that [Hz], input signal and the phase difference by signal be α [radian] (π＜α＜2 π), be made of electrode is capacitor C/2 o'clock, can be according to frequency of utilization f ₀Obtain parallel connection and the series inductor L that constitutes band pass filter with following formula ₁, L ₂Each constant.

Formula 1]

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1=-\frac{R(1+\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="f"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png,S071E2523X20070822E000162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_0\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}\left[H\right]$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{1+\mathrm{\&pi;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="f"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png,S071E2523X20070822E000162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_0\mathrm{CR}\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{4{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="f"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png,S071E2523X20070822E000162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_0}^{2}C}\left[H\right]$

In addition, under the situation of coupler monomer as impedance inverter circuit performance function, its equivalent electric circuit becomes as shown in figure 23.In illustrated circuit diagram, in order to satisfy following formula, according to frequency of utilization f ₀Select shunt inductance L respectively ₁And series inductance L ₂Thereby, can constitute characteristic impedance from R ₁Be transformed to R ₂Impedance inverter circuit.

[formula 2]

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="R"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_1}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}{f}_0}\sqrt{\frac{R_2}{R_1-R_2}}\left[H\right]$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="R"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_1}{4{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="f"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png,S071E2523X20070822E000162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_0^2}(\frac{1}{C}-2\mathrm{\&pi;}{f}_0\sqrt{R_2(R_1-R_2)})\left[H\right]$

R ₁>R ₂

Expression is placed antenna, coupler (situation that inductor in parallel is arranged), coupler (situation that does not have inductor in parallel) respectively in opposite directions among Figure 24, and changes the result that distance is measured propagation loss.

Coupler (inductor in parallel is arranged) till about distance 1cm closely the time carry out close coupling, propagation loss diminishes, but along with distance becomes big and sharply decay, have do not cause to around the such characteristic of interference.Relative therewith, big even antenna distance becomes, propagation loss can not become greater to the degree of coupler (inductor in parallel is arranged) situation yet, and therefore the possibility that becomes the signal that disturbs other wireless system is arranged.In addition, in the coupler that does not have inductor in parallel, the propagation efficiency variation is even under the approaching situation of communication object, propagation loss is also big.

In addition, the coupling of high-frequency coupler is connected on the such high-frequency transmission line of coaxial cable, microstrip circuit, coplane circuit with electrode.Said in this specification " high-frequency coupler " is the unit that solves the peculiar problem of high-frequency circuit.

Thus, in non-contact communication system shown in Figure 19, the communication equipment that carries out UWB communication replaces using antenna in the wireless communication machine of existing electric wave communication mode by using high-frequency coupler shown in Figure 20, can realize having the super close distance transfer of data of the feature that does not have at present.

Here, be made as the resonance part 12 (perhaps high-frequency transmission line) that to constitute by series inductor etc. and be connected to the center that sends with electrode 13.Trace it to its cause, be because by high-frequency transmission line is connected to electrode centers, in electrode 13, evenly flow through electric current, unwanted electric wave (with reference to Figure 18 A) is not radiated with the direction of electrode surface approximate vertical in edge, front at electrode 13, but when resonance part 12 being connected to from the position of the misalignment of electrode 13, can in electrode 13, flow through uneven electric current, as microstrip/antenna, move and radiate unwanted electric wave (with reference to Figure 18 B).

Figure 25 represents the practical structures example of the high-frequency coupler shown in Figure 20.The high-frequency coupler of in illustrated embodiment, having represented transmitter 10 sides, but constitute too in receiver 20 sides.In with figure, electrode 13 is configured in the upper surface of columned dielectric 15, be electrically connected with holding wire on the printed base plate 17 by the through hole 16 that runs through in this dielectric 15.For example can be after having on the cylindric dielectric of Desired Height the through hole of formation, forming on the upper surface of this cylinder become the conductive pattern of coupling with electrode, and in through hole, fill conductor, and then by reflow welding etc. this dielectric is installed on this printed base plate, make illustrated high-frequency coupler thus.

By according to using height till wavelength is suitably adjusted from printed base plate 17 circuit installed surfaces to electrode 13, being the length of through hole 16, can make through hole 16 have inductance, thereby replace series inductor 12B.Holding wire is connected to ground connection 18 by the inductor 12A in parallel of shaped like chips.In addition, though not shown, inductor in parallel also can not be a chip and replacing with the wiring pattern on the printed base plate.This inductance is made of distributed constant circuit, below is also referred to as " short-term ".

Dielectric 15 and through hole 16 have the effect of avoiding the coupling between electrode 13 and the ground connection 18 and the effect that forms series inductor 12B simultaneously.Get enough height till from the circuit installed surface of printed base plate 17 to electrode 13 and constitute induction coefficient with series inductor 12B equivalence, avoid the field coupled between ground connection 18 and the electrode 13 thus, guarantee function (that is, and the field coupled effect between the high-frequency coupler of receiver side) as high-frequency coupler.But, there is following drawback, promptly when the height of dielectric 15 greatly, when promptly the distance from the circuit installed surface of printed base plate 17 to electrode 13 becomes the length that relative use wavelength can't ignore, can effect emit electric wave as antenna thereby series inductor 12B is a resonance part 12.In this case, the decay of the radiation electric wave relative distance that the vibration of the antenna in the resonance part 12 of high-frequency coupler causes is less than electrostatic field, induction field, therefore is difficult to suppress to become faint wireless below prescribed level of electric field strength apart from wireless device to 3 meter distance.Thus, the height of dielectric 15 will meet the following conditions: avoid the coupling with ground connection 18, fully obtain the characteristic as high-frequency coupler; Formation is for as the needed series inductor 12B of resonant circuit effect; The resonance part that is made of this series inductor 12B is not make the effect as antenna become big degree.

Generally, metal hinders the high efficiency electric wave radiation of antenna, therefore can not dispose metals such as ground connection near the emissive element of antenna.Relative therewith, in the communication system relevant with present embodiment, even dispose metal in the rear side of electrode 13, the characteristic of high-frequency coupler can not worsen yet.In addition, by the constant of suitable selection series inductor 12B and inductor 12A in parallel, can make more small-sizedly than existing antenna.In addition, electrostatic field not image antenna has polarized wave like that, therefore, also can guarantee the communication quality fixed even direction changes.

In addition, at the front end of antenna element " adding the appearance type " antenna that metal is held static capacity, shortened antenna height is installed, is seemed to construct similar with coupler shown in Figure 20 thereby in the field of electric wave communication, extensively understand as illustrated in fig. 5.At this, coupler that uses in the present embodiment and the difference that adds appearance type antenna are described in transmitter-receiver.

B around the emissive element that adds appearance type sky alignment antenna shown in Figure 5 ₁And B ₂Direction radiation electric wave, but the A direction becomes the Null Spot that does not radiate electric wave.When studying the electric field that takes place around the antenna in great detail, produce with from the radiation electric field of the inversely proportional decay of distance of antenna, with from the induction field of square inversely proportional decay of the distance of antenna and with electrostatic field from the inversely proportional decay of cube of the distance of antenna.And induction field is compared with the radiation electric field along with sharply decay of distance with electrostatic field, in common wireless system, is that the radiation electric field only is discussed mostly therefore, ignores induction field and electrostatic field.Thereby even the appearance type antenna that adds shown in Figure 5 also produces induction field and electrostatic field on the direction of A, but therefore decay fast in air is not actively utilized in electric wave communication.

Then, investigate the electromagnetic field that coupling at sender side produces in electrode.Figure 16 represents the electromagnetic field that caused by small dipole.In addition, in Figure 26, this electromagnetic field is mapped in coupling with on the electrode.As shown in the figure, electromagnetic field roughly is divided into electric field composition (shear wave composition) E that vibrates on the direction vertical with the direction of propagation _θ, with the electric field composition that on the direction parallel, vibrates (compressional wave composition) E with the direction of propagation _RIn addition, around small dipole, produce magnetic field H φ.Following formula is represented the electromagnetic field that caused by small dipole, therefore but any CURRENT DISTRIBUTION all can be used as the incompatible consideration of continuum of this small dipole, by its electromagnetic field of inducting identical character (for example with reference to the bright health people's work of worm " ア Application テ Na Electricity ripple Den is removed " (コ ロ Na society, 16 pages～18 pages)) be arranged also.

[formula 3]

$E_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}=\frac{{\mathrm{pe}}^{-\mathrm{jkR}}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;\&epsiv;}}(\frac{1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="R"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^3}+\frac{\mathrm{jk}}{R^2}-\frac{k^2}{R})\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}$

$E_R=\frac{{\mathrm{pe}}^{-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="jkR"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">jkR</figure-callout>}}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;\&epsiv;}}(\frac{1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="R"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^3}+\frac{\mathrm{jk}}{R^2})\cos \mathrm{\&theta;}$

$H_{\mathrm{\&phi;}}=\frac{{\mathrm{j\&omega;pe}}^{-\mathrm{jkR}}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}(\frac{1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="S071E2523X20070822E000083.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}+\frac{\mathrm{jk}}{R})\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}$

From following formula as can be known, the shear wave composition of electric field is by with the inversely proportional composition (radiation electric field) of distance, constitute with square inversely proportional composition (induction field) of distance with the inversely proportional composition (electrostatic field) of the cube of distance.In addition, the compressional wave composition of electric field only by constituting with square inversely proportional composition (induction field) of distance with the inversely proportional composition (electrostatic field) of the cube of distance, does not comprise the composition that radiates electromagnetic field.In addition, electric field E _RAt | cos θ |=1 direction, be in the direction of arrow among Figure 16 for maximum.

In the electric wave communication that in radio communication, extensively utilizes, be at the shear wave E that vibrates with its direct of travel vertical direction from the electric wave of antenna radiation _θ, electric wave can't communicate when vertical with the polarized wave direction.Relative therewith, in the communication mode that has utilized electrostatic field, induction field from the electromagnetic wave of coupling electrode radiation, except shear wave E _θOutside, also be included in the compressional wave E that vibrates on the direct of travel _RCompressional wave E _RBe also referred to as " surface wave ".Surface wave also can pass through medium internal communications (aftermentioned) such as conductor, dielectric, magnetic.

In non-contact communication system, any composition in radiation electric field, electrostatic field, the induction field can also be transmitted signal as medium.Yet, might become with the inversely proportional radiation electric field of distance and to disturb the disturbing wave that is in than other system of distant positions.Therefore, hope suppresses to radiate the composition of electric field, in other words inhibition comprises the shear wave E of the composition that radiates electric field _θ, utilized the compressional wave E that does not comprise radiation electric field composition simultaneously _RContactless communication.

In addition, according to above-mentioned viewpoint, in the high-frequency coupler relevant, carried out following imagination with present embodiment.At first, by above-mentioned 3 formulas of expression electromagnetic field as can be known, under the situation of relation with θ=0 °, E _θ=0, and E _RComposition is got maximum.That is E, _θIt is maximum to become in the vertical direction of the direction of flowing through with respect to electric current, E _RIn the parallel direction of the direction of flowing through with electric current, become maximum.Thereby, in order to make the E of the vertical frontal of comparative electrode face _RMaximum wishes to make the electric current composition of the vertical direction of comparative electrode to become big.On the other hand, under the situation that supply terminals is departed from from electrode centers, departing from the electric current composition that causes the parallel direction of comparative electrode by this increases.Then, the composition E of electrode frontal _θCan increase along with this electric current composition.Therefore, in the high-frequency coupler relevant, shown in Figure 18 A, supply terminals is arranged on the electrode approximate centre position (aforementioned) like that, makes E with present embodiment _RComposition is maximum.

Certainly, not only produce the radiation electric field in existing antenna, also produce electrostatic field, induction field, if will cause field coupled near transmission/reception antennas, still most of energy is emitted as the radiation electric field, and as contactless communication, its efficient is lower.Relative therewith, high-frequency coupler shown in Figure 20 constitutes coupling with electrode and resonance part, makes and make stronger electric field E in assigned frequency _RImprove efficiency of transmission.

With high-frequency coupler shown in Figure 20 under the situation that sender side uses separately, in coupling with the electric field composition E that produces compressional wave in the surface of electrode _R, but comprise the shear wave composition E that radiates electric field _θCompare E _RLittle, therefore radiate electric wave hardly.That is, do not produce disturbing wave to other contiguous system.In addition, the signal that is input to high-frequency coupler is nearly all reflected by electrode, turns back to input.

Relative therewith, under the situation of having used 1 group of high-frequency coupler, promptly when between transmitter-receiver, high-frequency coupler being configured in when closely going up, coupling mainly is coupled by the quasi-electrostatic field composition with between the electrode, work as a capacitor, the image-tape bandpass filter equally moves as a whole, becomes the state of having realized impedance matching.Thereby most of signal/electric power is transferred to object side in by frequency band, and is few to the reflection of input.Here said " closely " by wavelength X definition, with coupling with interelectrode distance d be d＜＜λ/2 π are suitable.For example, if frequency of utilization f ₀Be 4GHz, then interelectrode distance is below the 10mm.

In addition, when between transmitter-receiver, being configured in high-frequency coupler on the middle distance, with electrostatic field decay around the electrode, produce the electric field E that mainly constitutes by induction field in the coupling of sender side _RCompressional wave.Electric field E _RCompressional wave receive and transmission signals with electrode by the coupling of receiver side.But, and two coupler configuration are compared in situation about closely going up, in the high-frequency coupler of sender side,, the signal of input uprises thereby being reflected the ratio that turns back to input by electrode.Here said " middle distance " by the wavelength X definition, coupling is 1～several times degree of λ/2 π with interelectrode distance d, if frequency of utilization f ₀Be 4GHz, then interelectrode distance is 10～40mm.

But in the communication mode that has used electrostatic field, induction field, therefore the cube of electric field strength and distance and square inversely proportional rapid decay have communication range to be limited the problem that volume is a super close distance.And wait in UWB communication and to have used under the situation of high-frequency signal, owing to being short wavelength and further increased the big problem of propagation loss.Therefore, need as far as possible closely contact between electrode (coupler), can't grow the communication under the distance transmitter and receiver.In addition, fully approaching in order to make between the electrode, need between electrode, carry out delicate contraposition, in data communication, must keep this position, user's inconvenience.

Relative therewith, in the communication system relevant with the present invention, the surface wave transmission line road that configuration is made of dielectric, magnetic between the coupling electrode of sender side and the coupling electrode of receiver side, the surface wave the electromagnetic wave that the coupling electrode from sender side can be radiated is propagated expeditiously by the inside and the surface on this surface wave transmission line road.Thereby, even leave longer distance between the coupling electrode with transmitter and receiver, also the surface wave that is radiated by field coupled can be transmitted with lower propagation loss and carry out data communication, need be with the directly closely contact of mutual coupling electricity consumption interpolar between transmitter-receiver.

Utilized in the transmission ripple of electromagnetic field, the ripple that phase velocity v is littler than light velocity c is called slow wave, and the ripple bigger than light velocity c is called fast wave.Surface wave is equivalent to the former slow wave, in the endless transmission channel of slow wave structure, concentration of energy is transmitted in transmission channel, to the radiation of outside (does not for example produce, with reference to hand for wood hold up/" new ミ リ Bo Ji Intraoperative " (オ-system society, P119)) is engaged in writing in the rice mountain.Here said surface wave is equivalent to from the electric field that coupling produces with electrode the compressional wave E as the composition that vibrates in the direction parallel with the direction of propagation _R(aforementioned).

The structure that electromagnetic wave is propagated along conductor, dielectric or magnetic surface, for example known conduct " ancient Bao line (Goubau line) " or " G line " (for example, with reference to No. 2685068 specification of United States Patent (USP), No. 2921277 specification of United States Patent (USP)).

For example, in TOHKEMY 2003-115707 communique, disclosing with the dielectric that is made of the thermoplasticity polymer is the surface wave transmission line road of medium.In addition, proposed a kind of surface wave transmission line road in Japanese kokai publication hei 7-175987 communique, it will can make the electromagnetic field distribution be controlled to be to a certain degree with periodical configuration twist joint the high-frequency loss less dielectric or the dielectric fiber of regulation.In addition, about the details of the surface wave transmission line line structure of propagation of electromagnetic waves, for example with reference in the island with light work " マ イ Network ロ ripple engineering " (gloomy north is published 182 pages～190 pages).

In addition, the electromagnetic surface wave of propagating in a magnetized ferrite bar vertically is widely studied, clear and definite " dynamically (dynamic) ", " surface (surface) (surface modes) ", " three-dimensional (volume) (three-dimensional pattern) " three kinds of surface wave modes of existing.Dynamic mode is present in to be regarded ferrite in simple dielectric frequency domain as, is forward wave (forward wave).On the other hand, surface modes and three-dimensional pattern are respectively on the surface of ferrite bar nearby or concentrate the pattern of electric power in the central part, mainly are backward wave (backward wave).In these patterns, surface modes is applied to resonator, and three-dimensional pattern is applied to delay line, Faraday rotor (with reference to Ming Limin work in the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches " two Off エ of the capable な of And ラ イ ト rod The Den is removed the research of The Ru surface wave ").

Fig. 3 is illustrated in the structure example that has the non-contact communication system on surface wave transmission line road between the high-frequency coupling electrode of transmitter-receiver.Illustrated communication system is by carrying out the transmitter 10 that data send, the receiver 20 that carries out Data Receiving and will propagating the surface wave transmission line road 30 that loss transmits and constitute with low with the surface wave of electrode 13 radiation from the transmission of transmitter 10 sides.Surface wave transmission line road 30 is made of dielectric or magnetic, along disposing from the surface wave direct of travel that sends with electrode 13 radiation.

When producing the transmission request from upper application program, the transtation mission circuit portion 11 of transmitter 10 sides generates the contour feed signals that takes place frequently of UWB signal according to sending data.Resonate by resonance part 12 from the signal of transtation mission circuit portion 11 outputs, radiate to electrode the place ahead from sending with electrode 13 as surface wave.

Propagates expeditiously by surface wave transmission line road 30 from sending, be input to receiving circuit portion 21 with electrode 23 process resonance part 22 from the reception of receiver 20 sides with the surface wave of electrode 13 radiation.21 pairs of high-frequency signals that received of receiving circuit portion carry out demodulation and decoding processing, and the transfer of data of reproducing is arrived upper application program.

Send the surface wave of emitting with electrode 13, when from the surface feeding sputtering on surface wave transmission line road 30, portion's all repeated reflections when arriving within it with outside boundary face, thereby nondestructively to receiver side propagation (aftermentioned).Thereby by the intermediary on surface wave transmission line road 30, signal can be propagated to receiving with electrode 23 expeditiously from sending with electrode 13.In addition, increasing is from sending the incidence angle with the surface wave of electrode 13 radiation, make as the ratio that sees through the outside radiation of wave direction to reduce, wish that therefore the end face comparative electrode face on the surface wave transmission line road 30 that will be made of dielectric or magnetic generally perpendicularly is configured in the front that sends with electrode 13.

Fig. 4 represents that the surface wave of transmitter 10 sends the structure example of part (high-frequency coupler).The structure of surface wave receiving unit of wishing to be interpreted as receiver 20 sides is also identical.

As shown in the figure, in the head portion of the high-frequency signal line that constitutes by coaxial cable, the resonance part and the electrode of the linear conductor with specific length is installed again.Be designed to have the length of 1/4th wavelength of assigned frequency with the integral body of electrode 13, can cause resonance with assigned frequency thus, produce the surface wave of this frequency as combining resonance part 12 and sending.Usually, the surface wave that is produced is along with increase sharply decay in air of distance, but the transmission by resonance part 12 being connected to the top is with the central authorities of electrode 13 and will be arranged on by the surface wave transmission line road 30 that dielectric or magnetic constitute on the positive direction with electrode emitting surface approximate vertical of electrode, can will catch with the surface wave transmission line road 30 that constitutes by dielectric or magnetic thus, thereby form surface wave transmitter (perhaps high-frequency coupler) from sending the surface wave that sends with electrode 13.

In the front of the big transmission of the intensity of induction field and electrostatic field, on the vertical position of comparative electrode face, dispose the surface wave transmission line road 30 that constitutes by dielectric or magnetic with electrode 13.Then, when near the induction field that produces electrode 13 and electrostatic field were caught by the end face on surface wave transmission line road 30, propagation this transmission line 30 in was input to the reception usefulness electrode 23 of receiver 20 sides.That is, the electromagnetic field that can radiate from the electrode 13 of transmitter 10 sides transmits in surface wave transmission line road 30 as surface wave, can utilize the data communication of surface wave thus.

Fig. 6 represents that the surface wave of transmitter 10 sends other structure example of part.Hope is interpreted as that the structure of the surface wave receiving unit of receiver 20 sides also can constitute in the same manner.

The transmission of surface wave part and receiving unit use coil, capacitor to wait respectively to replace linear conductor, be equipped with the resonance part 12 that is made of lumped circuit.In example shown in Figure 6, resonance part 12 is made of inductor 12A in parallel that connects between from the holding wire of the high-frequency transmission line of transtation mission circuit portion 11 and ground connection and the series inductor 12B that connects between holding wire and electrode, at the positive highfield that produces of electrode, can produce surface wave expeditiously.

In addition, in transmitter-receiver, when general's 1 group of high-frequency coupler as shown in Figure 6 disposed in opposite directions by the surface wave transmission line road, 2 electrodes moved as 1 capacitor, and the image-tape bandpass filter equally moves as a whole.At this, the constant of constant by the constant of adjusting series inductor 12B, inductor 12A in parallel and the capacitor that is made of electrode 13 and 23 can be designed so that impedance in the coupling unit become (aforementioned) continuously.

Incide the surface wave on the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by dielectric, all repeated reflections when arriving with outside boundary face, thus advance to the direction of propagation (being receiver side).In Fig. 1, illustrate the situation of surface wave at the surface wave transmission line road internal communication that constitutes by dielectric.But dielectric DIELECTRIC CONSTANT is made as than the dielectric constant of air ε that surrounds the surface wave transmission line road ₀Also big.

When electromagnetic wave (surface wave) incides on the border of the different two media of dielectric constant, produce the refraction identical with the situation of optics.As incidence angle θ _iWith the critical angle θ shown in the following formula _cWhen equating, refraction angle θ _tEqual pi/2, dielectricly see through that ripple is parallel with boundary face advances.As incidence angle θ _iWhen becoming bigger, on boundary face, cause reflection fully than it.Thereby, when electromagnetic wave is incided the inside of dielectric flat board with suitable angle, repeated reflection on two borders, electromagnetic wave (surface wave) nondestructively high efficiency is propagated.

[formula 4]

${\mathrm{\&theta;}}_c={\sin }^{-1}\sqrt{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_0/\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}$

In addition, illustrate the situation of surface wave among Fig. 2 at the surface wave transmission line road internal communication that constitutes by magnetic.But the magnetic permeability μ of magnetic is made as than the air permeability μ that surrounds the surface wave transmission line road ₀Also big.When on the border of electromagnetic wave (surface wave) being incided the different two media of magnetic permeability, produce the refraction identical with the situation of optics.As incidence angle θ _iWith the critical angle θ shown in the following formula _cWhen equating, refraction angle θ _tEqual pi/2, dielectricly see through that ripple is parallel with boundary face advances.As incidence angle θ _iWhen becoming bigger, on boundary face, cause reflection fully than it.Thereby, when electromagnetic wave is incided the inside of magnetic flat board with suitable angle, repeated reflection on two borders, identical with situation shown in Figure 1, electromagnetic wave (surface wave) nondestructively high efficiency is propagated.

Formula 5]

${\mathrm{\&theta;}}_c={\sin }^{-1}\sqrt{{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_0/\mathrm{\&mu;}}$

As shown in figure 27, when the inventor carries out high-frequency signal transmission relative two high- frequency couplers 1 and 2 by the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric (perhaps magnetic), attempt obtaining the electromagnetic field that produces at surface wave transmission line road periphery and distribute with the emulation of having used Finite Element.Wherein, suppose that the surface wave transmission line road is relative dielectric constant 10, relative permeability 10, conductivity 0[Siemens/m] dielectric, if its sectional area is 6mm * 6mm, length is 49.6mm, is 50mm with coupling with interelectrode gap with the both ends of the surface on this surface wave transmission line road, and frequency of utilization is made as 4.5GHz.In addition, high-frequency coupler is that the coupling of 11mm * 11mm, height 3mm constitutes with electrode by area on the ground connection substrate of area 20mm * 42mm, thickness 0.8mm, dielectric constant 3.4, and resonance part is by the short-term (aforementioned) of the wide 3mm of long 20mm formation.With the length direction on surface wave transmission line road, be side signal transmission to being made as the z axle, will be made as the xy face with the parallel face of the electrode of electrode with coupling.

Figure 28 A～F is with 1/12nd cycle time interval half period that Electric Field Distribution during by surface wave transmission line road transmitting high-frequency signal, in the zx face changes in structure shown in Figure 27.Shown in figure, be judged as the surface wave that on the vertical direction of the surface wave transmission line road surfaces that constitutes by dielectric, has amplitude, propagate to high-frequency coupler 2 from high-frequency coupler 1.

In addition, known timeliness variation by electric field produces magnetic field.Figure 29 A～F is with 1/12nd cycle time interval half period that Distribution of Magnetic Field during by surface wave transmission line road transmitting high-frequency signal, in the zx face changes in structure shown in Figure 27.

Figure 30 is shown schematically in the Electric Field Distribution and the Distribution of Magnetic Field that produce on the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric on every side according to Figure 28～Figure 29.Illustrate that in the surface wave of propagating, the near surface that is included in transmission channel is concentrated the surface modes of energy and concentrated the three-dimensional pattern of energy at the core of transmission channel in transmission channel.As can be seen from Figure 30, the surface wave energy of propagating in the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric is distributed near near surface (surface modes) both sides that (three-dimensional pattern) central shaft that the compressional wave composition propagates and shear wave composition are propagated.Promptly, produce the electric field vertical at dielectric near surface with dielectric surface, and the core in dielectric is created in the electric field (comprising above-mentioned total reflection composition) of the compressional wave that vibrates on the direction with the direct of travel almost parallel, and the variation that is accompanied by these two kinds of electric fields produces magnetic field round dielectric central shaft, and signal is propagated thus.

At this moment, produce suitable magnetic field, itself and electric field influence each other when the direction of electric current, magnetic force, Strength Changes (interchange), thus, as exist electric field just to produce magnetic field, exist magnetic field just to produce the electric field, the surface wave signal propagated at a distance when expectation alternately changed the energy form between electric field and magnetic field.On the contrary, in the relative dielectric constant on surface wave transmission line road is 1 magnetic, only produce the electric field composition, therefore be difficult to signal acquisition from high-frequency coupler.

The coupling that Figure 31 is illustrated in high-frequency coupler is with the compressional wave electric field E that produces on the electrode surface _RIn the end on the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by dielectric as the situation of surface wave propagation.The compressional wave electric field E that in being coupled, produces with electrode surface _RDuring from the surface feeding sputtering on surface wave transmission line road, shown in Figure 31 A, the compressional wave composition is propagated with three-dimensional pattern near the central shaft on surface wave transmission line road.In addition, as the compressional wave electric field E that in the surface of coupling, produces with electrode _RDuring near the end on surface wave transmission line road peripheral vertical incidence, shown in Figure 31 B, the shear wave composition is propagated with surface modes at the near surface on surface wave transmission line road.

Upload sowing time on the surface wave transmission line road that is made of dielectric like this at surface wave, have three-dimensional pattern and surface modes simultaneously, energy transmits by three-dimensional pattern and surface modes simultaneously.Therefore, in order nondestructively to receive the surface wave that sends from high-frequency coupler, the size (thickness of transmission line) that is thought of as surface wave transmission line terminal face wishes it is the enough big size that the size of electrode is used in coupling relatively.

Propagation loss S when expression is obtained the size that has changed transmitter-receiver coupling usefulness electrode separately in structure shown in Figure 27 with the emulation of Finite Element among Figure 32 ₂₁Wherein, suppose that the surface wave transmission line road is compare dielectric constant 10, relative permeability 10, conductivity 0[Siemens/m] dielectric, if its sectional area is 6mm * 6mm, length is established 49.6mm, the both ends of the surface on this surface wave transmission line road and coupling are 50mm with interelectrode gap, and frequency of utilization is 4.5GHz.In addition, high-frequency coupler is made of with electrode the square coupling of height 3mm on the ground connection substrate of area 20mm * 42mm, thickness 0.8mm, dielectric constant 3.4, resonance part is made of the short-term (aforementioned) of long 20mm, wide 3mm, is made as one side variable-length of coupling with electrode.According to figure, we can say when the thickness on surface wave transmission line road does not change propagation loss S ₂₁Roughly fix.

In addition, Figure 33 represents to obtain propagation loss S when having changed surface wave transmission line road thickness in structure shown in Figure 27 with the emulation of Finite Element ₂₁Wherein, frequency of utilization is made as 4.5GHz.In addition, suppose that the surface wave transmission line road is relative dielectric constant 10, relative permeability 10, conductivity 0[Siemens/m] dielectric, if its length is 49.6mm, the both ends of the surface on this surface wave transmission line road and coupling are 50mm with interelectrode gap, and it is variable to be made as its sectional area.In addition, high-frequency coupler is made of with electrode the coupling of area 11mm * 11mm, height 3mm on the ground connection substrate of area 20mm * 42mm, thickness 0.8mm, dielectric constant 3.4, and resonance part is made of the short-term (aforementioned) of length 20mm width 3mm.According to be judged as propagation loss S with figure ₂₁Depend on the thickness on surface wave transmission line road and change.

Propagation loss S when in addition, Figure 34 represents to obtain the relative dielectric constant that changed the surface wave transmission line road in structure shown in Figure 27 and relative permeability with the emulation of Finite Element ₂₁Wherein, if be 4.5GHz with frequency, high-frequency coupler is made of with electrode the coupling of area 11mm * 11mm, height 3mm on the ground connection substrate of area 20mm * 42mm, thickness 0.8mm, dielectric constant 3.4, and resonance part is made of the short-term (aforementioned) of length 20mm width 3mm.In addition, be set at sectional area 6mm * 6mm, the length 49.6mm on surface wave transmission line road, the both ends of the surface on this surface wave transmission line road and coupling are 50mm with interelectrode gap.According to scheming as can be known propagation loss S together ₂₁Depend on the relative dielectric constant on surface wave transmission line road and relative permeability and change.

The propagation loss S on the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by dielectric ₂₁The thickness that depends on relative dielectric constant, relative permeability and the surface wave transmission line road of frequency, transmission line.When considering the simulation result of Figure 32～shown in Figure 34, for example when frequency 4.5GHz, relative dielectric constant 10, relative permeability 10, when the thickness on surface wave transmission line road is 6m * 6mm degree, lose little and transmitting signal expeditiously.

The known surface ripple is also propagated by surface of conductors such as metal wires except the inside of dielectric, magnetic.Under the situation of having used the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by magnetic, only generate the electric field composition from high-frequency coupler, at relative dielectric constant is can't signal acquisition in 1 the magnetic, therefore the surface wave propagation loss is big, but relative dielectric constant greater than 1 magnetic in transmission table ground roll efficiently.In addition, under the situation of having used the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes by dielectric, come transmitting signal by the electric field of the vertical electric field of relative dielectric surface, the compressional wave that on the direction parallel, vibrates that in the dielectric core, generates and around the magnetic field that dielectric central axis generates with direct of travel.

In addition, among Figure 17 A expression as dielectric with PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or NiZn ferrite, magnetite are respectively applied for transmission line length and propagation loss S under the situation on surface wave transmission line road as magnetic ₂₁Relation.Wherein, dielectric constant 5～12, the dielectric loss angle tangent (dielectric loss tangent) that is made as PPS is 0.002, diameter 10mm, and establishing the ferritic diameter of NiZn is 9mm (internal diameter 5mm), and the diameter of establishing magnet is 6mm (with reference to Figure 17 B).In addition, establish the propagation loss S on surface wave transmission line road ₂₁When being clipped in the surface wave transmission line road between electrode, from the loss (with reference to Figure 17 C) when high-frequency signal circuit (Port2) the propagation surface ripple of receiver side of the high-frequency signal circuit (Port1) of sender side.Be appreciated that with free space, promptly do not dispose the surface wave transmission line road and come the situation of propagation surface ripple to compare from Figure 17 A, reduce propagation loss between the coupler of transmitter-receiver by the surface wave transmission line road is set.

Do not limit the shape on the surface wave transmission line road 30 that constitutes by dielectric or magnetic especially.For example, tabular, band shape as shown in Figure 8 that can be as shown in Figure 7, any one in the wire as shown in Figure 9.In addition, if the shape with the surface wave transmission line road is made as taper as shown in Figure 10, make its summit towards specific receiver, then can with from the coupling that sends pusher side with electrode, the surface wave propagation that captures in the bottom surface and concentrate part to the limit, so can realize high efficiency propagation.For example, carry out from a side communicator to the folk prescription of the opposing party's communicator to the situation of communication, the structure of this transmission line becomes favourable.

As shown in figure 11, also can constitute as surface wave transmission line road 30 dielectric surface that dielectric constant is high and covered by other lower dielectric outside layer 31 of dielectric constant.Thus,, also can in other the dielectric surface that covers it, reflect, turn back to the dielectric layer of central authorities even surface wave is not launched on the high dielectric surface of dielectric constant and seen through.That is, can in the way of propagation surface ripple transmission line 30, suppress surface wave, transmit signal more expeditiously as the ratio that sees through the outside radiation of wave direction.

Certainly, form the different outside layer of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (perhaps magnetic permeability μ) as shown in figure 11 more than 2 layers, make that dielectric constant is low more more in the outer part, also can access same effect.In addition, DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (perhaps magnetic permeability μ) not according to excentric stepped variation but as shown in Figure 12 apart from r DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (perhaps magnetic permeability μ) according to excentric apart from r continually varying situation under, can suppress the ratio of surface wave similarly as the outside radiation that sees through wave direction meter ground roll transmission line 30.

Figure 13 represents as surface wave transmission line road 30 the high dielectric of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (perhaps magnetic permeability μ) to be embedded in by the situation in the object of lower other dielectric (perhaps magnetic) formation of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (perhaps magnetic permeability μ).In addition, bury high dielectric other object of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (perhaps magnetic permeability μ) underground, for example can constitute the location member of the coupling electrode 13,23 of support, transmitter 10 and receiver 20.

Figure 14 presentation surface ripple transmission line 30 is not a dielectric (perhaps magnetic) but the example that is made of the cut a plurality of dielectrics in centre (perhaps magnetic).Thereby the cut-out midway on surface wave transmission line road 30 can be used with non-contacting state, therefore the communication system relevant with present embodiment can not used as not having the contactless communication of physics contact between equipment room, equipment and member.Can not contact between the dielectric that cuts off yet, but suppress lessly, wish that dielectric places toward each other with the closely-spaced face of signal transmission that makes in order to lose.

Figure 15 has represented to use the structure example of the contactless communication machine on surface wave transmission line road.In illustrated embodiment, be equipped with transmitter/receiver circuit portion and coupling electrode on the main circuit substrate in the contactless communication machine.Under the situation that does not put whatever in electrode the place ahead that accommodate the depths in housing, from the air of signal in housing of electrode radiation, disperse to consume.Relative therewith, according to communication equipment structure shown in Figure 15, be provided as the dielectric or the magnetic on surface wave transmission line road with the electrode front in coupling, to be directed to surface of shell by the surface wave transmission line road from the electromagnetic field of coupling electricity consumption polar radiation, thereby can carry out high efficiency signal transmission.

More than illustrated in communication system shown in Figure 3, by with surface wave transmission line road structure of transmission signals between 1 group of high-frequency coupler and between 1 group of high-frequency coupler.At this, when 2 equipment room transmission signals, must be accompanied by moving of energy, therefore also can be with this communication system applications in electric power transfer.As mentioned above, the electric field E that will in the high-frequency coupler of sender side, produce _RPropagate on the surface wave transmission line road as surface wave.And, can in receiver side, carry out rectification/stabilisation to the signal that receives by high-frequency coupler, take out electric power.

Figure 35 represents communication system applications shown in Figure 3 structure example when the electric power transfer.

In illustrated system, can send electricity and charging by the surface wave transmission line road direction wireless communication machine that is placed on therebetween by the charger and the built-in high-frequency coupler of wireless communication machine that are connected on the AC power supplies.But high-frequency coupler only is used for the purposes of electric power transfer.

When the high-frequency coupler that is subjected to electricity is not in the high-frequency coupler nearby time that send electricity, be input to and send electricity to be reflected and turn back to the DC/AC transducer side, therefore can suppress to radiate unwanted electric wave or inhibition consumes electric power excessively to the outside with the most of electric power in the high-frequency coupler.

In addition, in figure, enumerated example, but a side of charging is not limited to wireless machine, for example also can carry out the noncontact electric power transfer to music player, digital camera to the wireless communication machine charging.

In addition, Figure 36 represents communication system applications shown in Figure 3 other structure example in electric power transfer.Illustrated system constitutes and high-frequency coupler and surface wave transmission line road are also used as electric power transfer use with communicating by letter.

Changing signal according to the communication of sending here from transtation mission circuit portion/send (being subjected to) TURP communicates and send the timing of electricity to switch.For example communicate by letter and send electricity to switch by the cycle that is predetermined.At this moment, the state of charging can be appended in the signal of communication, the charger side is fed back, will send electricity output to remain the best.For example,, its information is sent to the charger side, make and send electricity to be output as 0 if charging is finished.Perhaps also communication data can be overlapped on the electric power.

Constitute with the system shown in the figure charger is connected on the AC power supplies, electric power is given on the mobile phone that battery tails off from other mobile phone but for example also can be applied in addition.

Industrial utilizability

More than, describe the present invention in detail with reference to specific execution mode.Yet, in the scope that does not exceed main idea of the present invention, those skilled in the art can carry out this execution mode correction, substitute, this is self-explantory.

In this manual, being that the center describes with the UWB signal by field coupled, the execution mode that carries out using in the communication system of transfer of data in no cable mode, but main idea of the present invention is not limited to this.For example, for the communication system of having used the high-frequency signal beyond the UWB communication mode, use low frequency signals to carry out the communication system of transfer of data, also can use the present invention equally by field coupled.

In addition, in this manual, with between 1 group of high-frequency coupler, carrying out data communications system to have used embodiments of the present invention be that the center describes by the surface wave transmission line road is set, but when 2 equipment room transmission signals, must follow moving of energy, therefore this communication system also can be applied to electric power transfer certainly.

In a word, disclose the present invention, should not explain the record content of this specification limitedly in illustrative mode.In order to judge main idea of the present invention, should consider patent claim in light of actual conditions.

Claims (13)

1. communication system is characterized in that possessing:

Transmitter, it possesses the transtation mission circuit portion of the high-frequency signal that generates the transmission data and the high-frequency coupler that this high-frequency signal is sent as the electromagnetostatic field;

Receiver, the receiving circuit portion that it possesses high-frequency coupler and the high-frequency signal that receives in this high-frequency coupler is received processing; And

The surface wave propagation unit, it provides the surface wave transmission line road that constitutes with dielectric or magnetic, and transmission is from the surface wave of the high-frequency coupler radiation of aforementioned sender side.

2. communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned high-frequency signal is to use the ultrabroad band signal of ultrabroad band.

3. communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is by having greater than dielectric constant of air ε ₀The dielectric of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT constitute.

4. communication system according to claim 3 is characterized in that,

The aforementioned surfaces transmission line is by constituting the closer to the big more dielectric of the inboard dielectric constant on surface wave transmission line road.

5. communication system according to claim 3 is characterized in that,

Also aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is embedded in other low dielectric of the dielectric constant on permittivity ratio surface wave transmission line road.

6. communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is by having greater than air permeability μ ₀The magnetic of magnetic permeability μ constitute.

7. communication system according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is by constituting the closer to the big more magnetic of the inboard magnetic permeability on surface wave transmission line road.

8. communication system according to claim 6 is characterized in that,

Also aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is embedded in other low magnetic of the magnetic permeability of magnetic permeability specific surface ripple transmission line.

9. communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is made of a plurality of dielectrics or the magnetic that cut off midway.

10. communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned receiver carries out rectification to the high-frequency signal that receives by aforementioned high-frequency coupler, generates electric power.

11. a communicator is characterized in that possessing:

Device case;

Be housed in the aforementioned means housing: telecommunication circuit portion, it transmits the processing of the high-frequency signal of data; Resonance part, it makes high-frequency signal from the output of aforementioned telecommunication circuit portion with the expectation frequency resonance; And the coupling use electrode, connected aforementioned resonance part in central authorities; And

The surface wave transmission line road, it is configured in the front of aforementioned coupling with electrode, and is vertical with respect to this electrode surface,

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is caught at the electromagnetic field of aforementioned coupling with the front generation of electrode, and this electromagnetic field is transmitted at this line-internal as surface wave.

12. communicator according to claim 11 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned surfaces ripple transmission line is caught the surface wave from aforementioned coupling electricity consumption polar radiation, and this surface wave is directed to aforementioned surface of shell.

13. communicator according to claim 11 is characterized in that,

Aforementioned resonance part possesses series inductor and inductor in parallel.

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