CN101138755A - Split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating - Google Patents
Split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN101138755A CN101138755A CN 200610122039 CN200610122039A CN101138755A CN 101138755 A CN101138755 A CN 101138755A CN 200610122039 CN200610122039 CN 200610122039 CN 200610122039 A CN200610122039 A CN 200610122039A CN 101138755 A CN101138755 A CN 101138755A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the laser material processing technical field and is a multi-layer concentric conic cylinder, which consists of an internal conic cylinder, which comprises an optical path passage, a powder path passage, a protection gas passage, a cooling water path passage, all of which are coaxial, a middle conic cylinder, an external conic cylinder, a cooling water baffle, and a nozzle. The cooling water path comprises an internal conic cooling water path and an external cooling water path. The present invention is provided with the advantages of the simultaneous cooling of three conic cylinders, the flexible and convenient vertical unloading, the initiative homogenization of the powder flow, the flexible adjustment of the light spot diameter, the replaceable internal conic head, the laser reflection resistance of the end section, the recyclable powder, and so on. Moreover, the present invention is applicable in laser cladding, laser alloying, laser hardening, laser welding, and other occasions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht technical field, particularly the coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating structure there is not meter.Laser Processing is a kind of novel manufacturing process that utilizes high energy laser beam to process, and is advanced material processing method in the present age.Laser Processing has many obvious superiority that surpass conventional manufacturing process, its range of application is also very wide, as: Laser Surface Treatment (laser transformation hardening, laser remolten, laser alloying, laser melting coating, laser fine processing, laser surface texturing), laser weld, laser cutting. laser drill, laser labelling, Laser Micro-Machining etc.Laser melting coating is meant in high energy laser beam molten material local surfaces and adds metallic element or alloy and both changed the surface coating method that the material surface microstructure changes its composition that its strengthening effect is the most remarkable.Vertically superpose by multilayer, laser melting coating also has the special performance of directly making metal parts fast flexibly.The main feature of laser melting coating comprises: (1) can change the performance of material surface fully: (2) coating and matrix form firm metallurgical binding, and microscopic structure is thin; (3) the alloy powder range of choice is wide, can realize multiple performances such as wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, erosion resistance, endurance, resistance to high temperature oxidation; (4) the heat input is few, and thermal cycle is very of short duration, few to the pyrolytic damage and the thermal deformation of matrix, and the product grain is difficult for growing up; (5) matrix is controlled to the dilute strength of cladding layer, and cladding layer capability guarantees; (6) can control the crucible zone composition, concentration, shape and area size: (7) do not have machinery and contact.The adding method of metal or alloy mainly contains the precoating powder method, side direction powder-feeding method and coaxial powder-feeding method.Be optimum wherein with the coaxial powder-feeding method.The essential coaxial powder-feeding nozzle of coaxial powder-feeding laser melting coating, well behaved nozzle can be applicable to laser melting coating, laser alloying and powder-feeding laser welding etc.
Background technology
Anisotropy in view of side direction powder-feeding laser melting-painting commonly used at present, the laser melting coating that can't satisfy continuous development is made fast directly worn and torn the demand of vital part of the research of metal parts and Laser Cladding in-situ reparation. and along with laser melting and coating technique to higher level development, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating has obtained the generally great attention and the research of western developed country research institution, and English, U.S., method, moral have been developed coaxial powder-feeding nozzle separately.Its basic structure all adopts multilayer concentric cone barrel formula, comprises axis light paths, mill diagram passage and gas channels, and powder stream adopts three road or four road vertical mode of entrance, near the end cooling device is arranged.For example, United States Patent (USP) U.S.Pat.5477026, its structure mainly comprises as shown in Figure 1: by top thread connection tube 11, inner conical-tube 12 and interior shower nozzle about in the of 13 socket constitute internal layer awl letter, path channels 101 is formed in the interior space that this internal layer cone barrel becomes.It is outer and to constitute concentric middle level awl through external conical-tube 14 that screw thread is connected up and down and outer shower nozzle 16 simple by inner conical-tube 12, interior shower nozzle 13 and socket, sky is asked and is formed coaxial mill diagram path 10 2 in the annular that this middle level awl letter forms, have 4 uniform inlets 17 in the outer cone letter 14 and be communicated with 4 road powder with powder circulation road 102 and flow through four to enter the mouth and 17 directly enter powder circulation road 102 along vertical circumferencial direction, the powder passage of lacking of flowing through sprays from shower nozzle; A gas passage is contained in external conical-tube 14 inside, and the outer shower nozzle 16 gas inside passages that it links to each other with its lower end constitute protection gas circuit circular passage 103; Cooling water baffle plate 15 is fixed on the periphery of external conical-tube, and the annular space that forms between the outer wall of it and external conical-tube 14 is formed cooling water channel 104, cooling water channel cooling external conical-tube 14, and inner conical-tube and interior shower nozzle are not well cooled off.Mill diagram, gas circuit and turnover water route all link to each other with outside powder feeder, source of the gas and water source respectively by plastic piping.Whole nozzle connects with the Laser Processing working head through the screw thread of top thread connection tube 11, and external conical-tube 14 also adopts screw thread to connect with top thread connection tube.Interior shower nozzle 13 and outer shower nozzle 16 connect with the lower thread of inner conical-tube 12, external conical-tube 14 respectively.Form and separate changeable type,, can not regulate the focal spot of focussed laser beam so that when its head is burnt out by laser, change nozzle-integrated being fixedly connected.The structure of other coaxial powder-feeding nozzles is similar substantially with it.
The main deficiency of existing coaxial nozzle shows as: (1) existing coaxial nozzle is overall structure.Mainly be connected with laser cladding working head by screw thread, because coaxial nozzle comprises powder, gas, many pipelines such as water route, often make these pipelines be intertwined during the rotation loading and unloading, must pull out all pipelines earlier, put in back after in place, use extremely inconvenient: the 4 curb circumference that (2) existing coaxial nozzle is adopted vertically advance the powder mode, make the powder art at porch density height, other local density are low, the initial distribution of powder stream is inhomogeneous, and the powder channel of nozzle is often shorter, thereby the powder art of jet expansion stream uniformity is relatively poor relatively, be difficult for satisfying the accurate evenly requirement of coaxial powder-feeding: (3) existing coaxial nozzle often only carries out water-cooled to nozzle outer cone end, and not directly cooling of inner cone, but nozzle when working long hours because Nei Jian and high energy laser beam and powder flow the most approaching, inner cone often heats and heats up the fastest under catoptrical effect, the easiest burning out, in case inner cone local heating distortion will change the uniformity of powder stream, local melting will stop up contiguous powder circulation road and cause the inefficacy of coaxial nozzle when serious; Therefore, preferentially cooling off inner cone is very important for the permanently effective work of nozzle; (4) existing coaxial nozzle head adopts conical structure mostly.The employing end horizontal small front apron structure that has does not all possess the function with reflection lasering beam and the utilization of reflective powder secondary.(5) existing nozzle self does not possess the regulating power of focused spot diameter.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the existing deficiency of coaxial powder-feeding nozzle in the world, design a kind of split type coaxial nozzle, make that it has not only that inner conical-tube is strengthened cooling and three layers of cone cooled off simultaneously, flexible vertical loading and unloading, powder stream plurality of advantages such as replaceable, anti-laser reflection of nozzle-end of homogenising, spot diameter flexible modulation, interior cone head part and powder art reflection recovery initiatively, can also be applicable to the condenser lens of multiple focusing and be applicable to multiple occasions such as laser melting coating, laser alloying, laser transformation hardening and laser weld.
A kind of split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating of the present invention design is by inner cone letter, middle cone tube, outer cone letter, the cooling water baffle plate of the inside and outside socket that contains axis light paths, mill diagram passage, protective gas passage and cooling water channel passage be connected in the multilayer concentric that the shower nozzle under it forms and bore simple structure; It is characterized in that, a protection conductance also is set between said external conical-tube and the cooling water baffle plate to the awl tube.Said cooling water channel comprises being arranged on the inner cone cooling water channel between inner cone letter and the middle cone letter and being arranged on protects the outer cooling water channel of conductance between awl letter and cooling water baffle plate; Said outer cone letter and middle cone letter constitute the powder circulation road, and said external conical-tube and protection conductance constitute the protection gas circuit between the awl tube.
The present invention also can be included in said multilayer concentric awl tube upper end and adopt and can detain valve structure and connect a upper body that connects with the Laser Processing working head, said upper body by movable of removable screw thread be enclosed within the top cylinder that this activity letter is threaded with it outward and form.Said top cylinder can be made up of threaded adjusting tube and the last cylinder base that screws togather up and down with it.
Can have a plurality of tangential powdering inlets on the said external conical-tube, ring can be provided with micropore leakage sieve week in the powder circulation road below said tangential inlet, and this micropore leaks and sieves the dozens of micropore that is uniformly distributed along the circumference.Said outer cone letter can be formed by removably going up external conical-tube and following powder guiding awl tube two parts, and said protection conductance links to each other to awl tube and following powder guiding awl tube, said cooling water baffle plate be connected in this powder lead bore simple outside.
Top in the said inner conical-tube can be provided with the groove that can place short condenser lens.
Said nozzle bottom can form the oppositely cone-shaped of any surface finish.
Function of the present invention and characteristics are as follows:
(1) the effective cooling of whole each key component of nozzle and the long-time steady operation of nozzle are guaranteed in the inner cone cooling water channel of the present invention's design and the cooling of outer cone water route
(2) the present invention adopts binary to divide body structure, and the upper body realizes connecting with the transition of various Laser Processing working heads with the internal thread of the movable letter of removable screw thread.As long as change its diameter and pitch, this nozzle can be realized being connected with any Laser Processing working head easily.Adopt the button lobe to connect between the last lower body, obtain vertical Multi Loading and Unloading Functions and realize accurately location.
(3) the present invention adopts multitube tangentially to advance the powder mode. and being the multichannel powder enters nozzle body along a plurality of tangential inlets of nozzle circumference, abut against below the tangential inlet is a micro-mesh ring, because the pressure of carrier gas. the powder stream that enters nozzle body is evenly dispersed on the periphery of micro-mesh ring very soon, powder bleeds equably from the uniform micropore on the micro-mesh ring periphery on the powder circulation road, spray from shower nozzle through long powder passage, its uniformity obviously is better than multichannel and vertically advances the powder mode again.
(4) nozzle body of the present invention inside is provided with the groove that can place short condenser lens, and utilizes inner cone cooling water channel cooling focus lamp, and focus lamp is effectively cooled off.Therefore the focus lamp focal range that this nozzle was suitable for can be 100～300mm.The defocusing amount adjustable range can from 0 to+60, and the screw shell design that the spot diameter adjustable range at powder stream focus place can be from focus spot to 7mm nozzle upper body has realized the function that outside direct no silk ribbon for holding a jade seal through its nose is regulated the focal beam spot diameter
(5) end of the present invention is designed to a reverse cone structure towards any surface finish of work piece, harmful laser energy that surface of the work not only can be reflected is reflect focalization melt back pond again, improve the utilization rate of laser beam energy, and the powder of surface of the work bounce-back and sputter can also be flowed reflected back molten bath again, improve the utilization rate of powder art.Its effect obviously is better than simple circular cone or small front apron structure.
The suitable application area of nozzle of the present invention is powder-feeding laser melting-painting, powder-feeding laser alloying, powder-feeding laser welding, pre-clouds powder laser melting coating and laser alloying, laser remolten and laser transformation hardening and laser weld and cutting etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating structural representation of prior art.
Fig. 2 is that coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating of the present invention is implemented the structure schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
The embodiment that the present invention designs a kind of split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating is described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows;
The structure of present embodiment as shown in Figure 2.This nozzle is made up of two parts up and down.The nozzle upper body is by the movable tube 23 of screw thread, threaded adjusting tube 24 and go up letter seat 25 and forms. and to be nozzle body leak sieve 29, outer cone letter 210, powder conductance by inner cone letter 26, middle cone tube 28, porous to the nozzle lower body forms to awl tins 212, separable shower nozzle 213 and cooling water baffle plate 214 to awl letter 211, protection conductance.Top and the bottom adopt the button lobe to connect first.The movable tube 23 of screw thread is the connector of whole nozzle and Laser Processing working head, and the movable tube 23 of screw thread, threaded adjusting tube 24 and last cylinder base 25 are formed the governor motion of nozzle.The movable tube 23 of screw thread, inner conical-tube 26 and shower nozzle 213 are formed internal focus laser card passage; In " white J awl tube 28, external conical-tube 210, powder conductance constitute a coaxial convergence powder circulation road to awl tube 211 shower nozzles 213; Inner conical-tube 26 and middle cone tube 28 are formed the inner cone cooling water channel, and the protection conductance is formed the end cooling water channel to awl tube 212 and cooling water baffle plate 214; Inner conical-tube 26 and shower nozzle 213 are formed axially protection gas circuit, and the powder conductance is formed peripheral protection gas circuit to awl letter 211 and protection conductance to awl tube 212; It is the powder uniformization element that porous is leaked sieve 29, and shower nozzle 213 is replaceable shower nozzle, and shower nozzle 213, powder conductance are formed the reverse wimble structure of nozzle to awl tube 211 and protection conductance to the end of awl tube 212.
The function of present embodiment and characteristics:
(1) nozzle of the present invention adopts binary to divide body structure, and the upper body is made up of the movable tube 23 of screw thread, threaded adjusting tube 24 and upward simple seat 25.Internal thread with the movable tube 23 of screw thread connects with external screw thread 22 rotations of Laser Processing working head, and the upper body promptly maintains static after connecting well.As long as change the diameter and the pitch of the movable tube 23 of screw thread, can be connected with any Laser Processing working head easily.The main body of nozzle is made of 26-214, and the used input and output pipeline of mill diagram, gas circuit and cooling water channel is all on nozzle body.Adopt the button lobe to connect between the last lower body, the button of button lobe is fixed on the lower end of cylinder base 25, lobe is fixed on the nozzle body external conical-tube 28, nozzle body can vertically break away from processing head easily and carry out necessary adjustment, cleaning, installation focus lamp etc., does not unload integrated nozzle and could not rotate after existing nozzle must be dismantled all pipelines.There is a boss last cylinder base 25 lower ends, in ask in the awl letter 28 that a groove is arranged, realize accurately location by their during installation.
(2) the inner cone cooling water channel of present embodiment design can make whole inner cone effectively be cooled off.Cooling water enters from the inlet in the middle cone letter 28, at first directly from the side with following two-way cooling inner conical-tube 26 on the focus lamp microscope base, down cool off particularly 26 end of inner conical-tube 26 along the waterway channel that inner cone letter 26 and middle cone tube 28 constitute then,
This end closely contacts with separable shower nozzle 213, make shower nozzle 213 cooling that strengthened, cooling water flows a week around 26 ends, and the waterway channel that constitutes from inner conical-tube 26 and middle cone tube 28 up flows again, cooling inner conical-tube and microscope base, the outlet from the middle cone letter 28 is flowed out then.The protection conductance constitutes another road cooling-water duct to awl tube 212 and cooling water baffle plate 214, strengthens the reverse conical surface of cooling 212 ends, and makes that with closely contacting powder guiding awl letter 211 is also well cooled off by the used high thermal conductivity material of nozzle.Like this, the easy heating part of several keys of nozzle of the present invention has all obtained effective cooling.Guarantee the long-time steady operation of nozzle.
(3) present embodiment make four road powder through four copper pipes enter along 4 tangential inlets 215 on the external conical-tube 210 nozzle body outer cone letter 210 and in " in the powder circulation roads that day J awl tube 28 constitutes.Micropore leak sieve 29 be placed in tangential inlet 215 below.Four road powders stream that enters powder channel can be dispersed in rapidly under the drive of carrying gas on the periphery of sieve ring, leak the dozens of micropore uniform on sieve ring 29 circumference to leak down equably from micropore again, through in " II] the powder passage that constitutes of awl tube 28, external conical-tube 210, powder guiding awl tube 2I1 and shower nozzle 213 assembles the back and forms the coaxial powder coning tower tray of uniform convergence in the exit, realizes the active homogenising function that coaxial powder flows.
(4) the reverse cone of present embodiment nozzle-end is made of to the end of awl letter 212 shower nozzle 213, the powder guiding simple 2I1 of awl and protection conductance, and surface smoothness is higher.Under effective cooling of cooling water channel, its surface does can keep in the process bright and clean in the long period.So just harmful laser energy of surface of the work reflection reflect focalization melt back pond again the utilization rate of laser beam energy can be improved, the powder of surface of the work bounce-back and sputter reflected back molten bath again can also be flowed, the utilization rate of raising powder.
(5) internal thread of the movable tube 23 of the screw thread of present embodiment nozzle upper body connects with the Laser Processing working head, the internal thread of 23 external screw thread fit with nozzle upper body threaded adjusting tube 24, rotation by 24 makes the length of nozzle self to change easily, and 24 connect with last cylinder base 25 maintenance activities.The function t defocusing amount that has realized outside direct step-less adjustment focal beam spot diameter can be from O～N+60.The spot diameter at jet expansion powder stream focus place is adjusted to 7mm from focus spot.This adjustable range year adapts to the power density requirement of laser melting coating, laser alloying, laser transformation hardening and laser weld comprehensively.
(6) condenser lens 21 of present embodiment is usually located on the laser Machining head 22, by the special-purpose cooling water channel cooling of laser head, and the lens of general employing 200 thorough focal lengths, focus is positioned at the jet expansion below.By means of above-mentioned governor motion applicable to focal length 300mm focus lamp.Can satisfy powder-feeding method and non-powder feeding like this and send out the general requirement of laser melting coating, laser alloying, laser transformation hardening laser power density and focused spot diameter.Also designed a short condenser lens position in main body inner conical-tube 26, focus still is positioned at place, jet expansion below, utilizes the cooling water channel cooling focus lamp 27 of inner cone letter 26, and focus lamp is effectively cooled off.Axial gas atmosphere inlet 216 is placed in below the lens.This sample nozzle just can be used for powder feeding and general laser weld and laser cutting.So the focus lamp focal range that this nozzle was suitable for is 100～300mm, suitable application area is powder-feeding laser melting-painting, powder-feeding laser alloying, powder-feeding laser welding, preset powder laser melting coating and laser alloying, laser remolten and laser transformation hardening and general laser weld and the multiple function of laser cutting.
Claims (7)
1. split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating.By containing the axis light paths; the mill diagram passage; the inner conical-tube of the inside and outside socket of protective gas passage and cooling water channel passage; the middle cone letter; external conical-tube; the cooling water baffle plate is bored barrel structure with the multilayer concentric that the shower nozzle that is connected under it is formed: it is characterized in that; one protection conductance also is set to the awl letter between said outer cone letter and the cooling water baffle plate; said cooling water channel comprises and is arranged on the inner cone cooling water channel between inner conical-tube and the middle cone letter and is arranged on the outer cooling water channel of protection conductance between awl letter and cooling water retaining: said external conical-tube and middle cone letter constitute the powder circulation road, and said outer cone letter constitutes between the awl letter with the protection conductance protects gas circuit.
2. coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also be included in said multilayer department heart awl tube upper end and adopt and can detain valve structure and connect a upper body that connects with the Laser Processing working head, said upper body is by the movable letter of removable screw thread and be enclosed within upward simple composition that this activity tube is threaded with it outward.
3. coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said top cylinder is made up of threaded adjusting letter and the last cylinder base that screws togather up and down with it.
4. coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, have a plurality of tangential powdering inlets on the said external conical-tube, ring is provided with micropore leakage sieve week in the powder circulation road below said tangential inlet, and the place near the steps micropore leaks and sieves the dozens of micropore that is uniformly distributed along the circumference.
5. coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; the outer cone letter is removably gone up in said outer cone letter and the simple two parts of following powder guiding awl are formed; said protection conductance links to each other with the letter of following powder guiding awl to the awl letter, and said cooling water baffle plate is connected in this powder guiding awl letter outside.
6. as claim 1,2,3 or 4 described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating, it is characterized in that the top in the said inner cone letter is provided with the groove that can place short condenser lens.
7. as claim 1,2,3 or 4 described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating, it is characterized in that said nozzle bottom forms the oppositely cone-shaped of any surface finish.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610122039 CN101138755A (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610122039 CN101138755A (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating |
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| CN101138755A true CN101138755A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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| CN 200610122039 Withdrawn CN101138755A (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2006-09-08 | Split type coaxial powder-feeding nozzle for laser fusion and coating |
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