CN101136578B - Permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism - Google Patents

Permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101136578B
CN101136578B CN200710047397XA CN200710047397A CN101136578B CN 101136578 B CN101136578 B CN 101136578B CN 200710047397X A CN200710047397X A CN 200710047397XA CN 200710047397 A CN200710047397 A CN 200710047397A CN 101136578 B CN101136578 B CN 101136578B
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limit body
permanent magnet
magnet
permanent
lower limit
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CN101136578A (en
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杨斌堂
孟光
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

This invention relates to a magnet flex unit including: a central magnet, an upper limit body, a lower limit body, a magnetic exciting device, an upper spring, a lower spring, a shell, s top cover, a bottom cover, an upper shift output rod and a lower shift output rod, in which, the central magnet is placed between the two limit bodies, the three of which are in the shell and at the magnetic field generated by the magnetic exciting device, the upper limit body is connected with the upper shift output rod, the lower limit body is connected with the lower shift output rod, the upper spring is sleeved on the upper shift output rod and the lower spring is sleeved on the lower rod, both ends of the shell are set with the top and bottom covers, the upper spring is set between the upper limit body and the top cover and the lower spring is set between the lower limit body and the bottom cover.

Description

Permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of device of field of mechanical technique, specifically is a kind of permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism.
Background technology
In the last few years, electricity, the development of magnetostrictive material field are rapidly, produced the smart material that can be used for precision driver, transducer and linear electric motors development novel as giant magnetostriction material, piezoelectric ceramic and magnetostriction marmem etc., it is big that these materials have energy density, the power output height, advantage such as telescopic shape change is accurate, but it is little to be based on the driving ubiquity telescopic displacement of smart material, driving process of motivation complexity, defectives such as driving voltage or current requirements height; And often needing to increase extra loops such as bias magnetic field or electric field saves and improves the driving effect.Particularly She Ji mechanism need finish big stroke when flexible or mobile, often needs to increase complicated displacement amplifying mechanism or adopts multistep to move accumulation, realizes as the method for inchworm motion accumulation.Designed like this mechanism is generally complicated, and the drive controlling link is also more.Therefore, be not suitable for developing the mechanism that requires to produce big telescopic shape change or big travel displacement based on smart material flexible.
Find through literature search prior art, Jaehwan Kim etc. are at " Mechatronics " (mechatronics periodical, which 525-542 page or leaf of 2002 the 12nd phases) the paper A hybridinchworm linear motor (hybrid inchworm motion linear electric motors) that delivers on, telescoping mechanism described in this article has two kinds.First kind is the magnetostriction type telescoping mechanism, comprises magnetostrictive rod, solenoid, metal shell, metal end, spring pressure mechanism, displacement output mechanism, displacement bar; The realization of its big displacement drive is the mode by inchworm motion, and by repeatedly magnetostriction excitation, the micron order magnetostrictive displacement that excitation is each time produced is accumulate to big displacement; Second kind is the piezoelectric type telescoping mechanism, comprises patch of piezoelectric material heap, complicated flexible hinge enlarger, pretightning force mechanism, exciting electrode; The mechanism that the document is described will realize that big displacement must connect as one acting in conjunction by above first kind of magnetostriction type telescoping mechanism and second kind of piezoelectric type telescoping mechanism and can realize.This mechanism exists that the design link is many, complicated integral structure, control is loaded down with trivial details, mechanism efficiency is low and the defectives such as support that also need special smart material (as piezoelectricity, magnetostrictive material).
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism has been proposed, permanent magnet causes the mechanism of deformation and flexible effect because of the deflection of generation magnetic pole under the magnetic field excitation effect, and the controlled amount of the telescopic displacement that is produced, telescopic displacement precision height particularly is easy to produce the ultra large deformation of moment and big output stress.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: the center permanent magnet, the upper limit body, the lower limit body, magnetic actuation means, upper spring, lower spring, housing, the top offset take-off lever, the bottom offset take-off lever, upper end cover, bottom end cover, the center permanent magnet is between upper limit body and lower limit body, the center permanent magnet, the upper limit body, the lower limit body places enclosure interior, and be in the magnetic field of magnetic actuation means generation, the upper limit body links to each other with the top offset take-off lever, the lower limit body links to each other with the bottom offset take-off lever, upper spring is enclosed within on the top offset take-off lever, lower spring is enclosed within on the bottom offset take-off lever, the housing two ends are provided with upper end cover and bottom end cover, upper spring places between upper limit body and the upper end cover, and lower spring places between lower limit body and the bottom end cover.
Described center permanent magnet, its length be greater than width, the ratio of length and width and stroke size
Figure S200710047397XD00021
Be directly proportional, the inner surface profile of the outer surface of center permanent magnet and upper limit body and lower limit body closely cooperates or is tangent, so that the relatively moving to smooth incision, cut out slip of center permanent magnet and upper limit body and lower limit body.
The described upper end cover outside is provided with gathering sill, and the bottom end cover outside is provided with down gathering sill, issuable top offset take-off lever and vibration of bottom offset take-off lever or displacement beat to reduce moment telescopic displacement output.
Described upper limit body and lower limit body are permanent magnet, reduce the friction between center permanent magnet and upper limit body and the lower limit body.
Described magnetic actuation means is solenoid or outer permanent magnet.
When magnetic actuation means was solenoid, solenoid both can place the outside of housing also can place the inboard of housing.
When solenoid places the outside of housing, solenoid links to each other with the lower limit body with the upper limit body by magnetic-path, the influence that makes upper limit body, lower limit body, center permanent magnet in housing not generated heat by solenoid, the size of solenoid is not subjected to the restriction of shell dimension yet, can be made into big coil and produces high-intensity magnetic field.
When solenoid placed housing inboard, center permanent magnet, upper limit body, lower limit body were arranged in solenoid.
Described outer permanent magnet places the outside of housing, links to each other with the lower limit body with the upper limit body by magnetic-path, and this moment, mechanism action was not subjected to the restriction of electric power, directly makes mechanism flexible by the permanent magnetic field excitation.
Described center permanent magnet is provided with a bearing in the middle of it, and bearing is arranged on the back shaft, and back shaft lies in a horizontal plane in enclosure interior, and affixed with housing, makes center permanent magnet spin stabilization and sensitivity when producing magnetic pole deflection.
A plurality of permanent-magnet telescopic mechanisms of the present invention can connect by serial or parallel connection, and being connected in series to produce bigger displacement, and being connected in parallel to produce bigger power output.
When the present invention works, the magnetic direction that magnetic direction and solenoid produced at the preceding center of the magnetic field excitation of magnetic actuation means permanent magnet is inconsistent, after the magnetic field excitation of magnetic actuation means, the center permanent magnet will deflect, deflection stops when the permanent magnet magnetic field direction is consistent with the magnetic direction of magnetic actuation means, because center permanent magnet length is greater than width, so when the center permanent magnet rotates, the center permanent magnet will drive and contacted upper limit body of center permanent magnet and lower limit body, further drive top offset take-off lever and bottom offset take-off lever, produce the elongation action, when reducing the magnetic field of magnetic actuation means, the center permanent magnet will be by upper spring, lower spring compressing retraction or recovery produce contractive action.
Stroke size of the present invention is directly proportional with the length of center permanent magnet and the ratio of width, proportional with the intensity of center permanent magnet deflection angle and extrinsic motivated, the power that can produce during telescopic drive is directly proportional with the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field intensity of magnetic actuation means and center permanent magnet, and with housing, the material of center permanent magnet is relevant with magnetization property, the telescopic shape change precision depends on the controlled deflection precision to the center permanent magnet that the resultant field of permanent magnetism and electromagnetism is realized under the spring force effect, based on this, different according to the assembling of the mechanism size and the center permanent magnet anglec of rotation, this invention telescoping mechanism body can produce flexible adaptability to changes and can require and at design with change according to reality.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: (1) is even if utilize strain property also can only produce about 1200 microstrains usually for the telescoping mechanism of piezoelectric 5-8 novel giant magnetostriction material Terfenol-D development doubly at present, promptly if be that the producible maximum elongation amount of driving telescoping mechanism of 20 mm size giant magnetostriction material manufacturings only is about 24 microns with length, and the mechanism of the present invention of same size can produce the stroke of millimeter even Centimeter Level, has improved the flexible strain property of particularly small volume driving mechanism greatly; (2) owing to mechanism of the present invention is the actuating force that the magnetic field superposition of the magnetic field that produced by magnetic actuation means and the center permanent magnet in the mechanism produces, so during the same electrical flow, mechanism of the present invention is bigger than the power that the mechanism that utilizes magnetic actuation means to produce magnetic field merely can produce; (3) actuating force F that mechanism of the present invention produced and displacement D exist functional relation promptly with the current strength or the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic actuation means of invention mechanism, F=f (H (I) or H), D=d (H (I) or H), can make minor variations by the exciting current I or the exciting field intensity H of control magnetic actuation means, so power output of the present invention and output displacement accuracy depend on the electric current of magnetic field excitation device or the control precision of magnetic field intensity, when field generator for magnetic provided enough exciting field, the maximum displacement that is produced was the poor of center permanent magnet length and width.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of contraction state before the permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism electromagnetic field excitation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of elongation state after the permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism electromagnetic field excitation of the present invention;
Telescoping mechanism schematic diagram when Fig. 3 is a permanent magnet band rotating shaft of the present invention;
Wherein: figure (a) schemes (b) and analyses and observe schematic construction along being parallel to the rotating shaft axial direction for along analysing and observe schematic construction perpendicular to the rotating shaft axial direction.
Fig. 4 is center of the present invention permanent magnet and upper limit body, lower limit body structure schematic diagram;
Wherein: figure (a) is a state before the action of a magnetic field, and figure (b) is in the permanent magnet rotation back state diagram of the action of a magnetic field rear center.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the present invention adopts the center permanent magnet of asymmetric or non-regular shape;
Fig. 6 is that solenoid of the present invention is positioned at the outer telescoping mechanism schematic diagram of stiff case;
Fig. 7 is that the present invention utilizes the incision of outer permanent magnet and cuts out mechanism's magnetic circuit and causes mechanism's schematic diagram that stretches;
Structural representation when Fig. 8 is the parallel connection of a plurality of mechanisms of the present invention;
Structural representation when Fig. 9 is a plurality of mechanisms in series of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment comprises: center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3, magnetic actuation means, housing 5, top offset take-off lever 6, bottom offset take-off lever 7, upper spring 8, lower spring 9, upper end cover 10, bottom end cover 11, magnetic actuation means is a solenoid 4 in the present embodiment, solenoid 4 places housing 5, annexation is: center permanent magnet 1 is between upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3, center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3 places housing 5 inside, and be in the middle of the solenoid 4, upper limit body 2 links to each other with top offset take-off lever 6, lower limit body 3 links to each other with bottom offset take-off lever 7, upper spring 8 is enclosed within on the top offset take-off lever 6, lower spring 9 is enclosed within on the bottom offset take-off lever 7, housing 5 two ends are provided with upper end cover 10 and bottom end cover 11, upper spring 8 places between upper limit body 2 and the upper end cover 10, and lower spring 9 places between lower limit body 3 and the bottom end cover 11.
A bearing 14 is set in the middle of the described center permanent magnet 1, bearing 14 is arranged on the back shaft 15, back shaft 15 lies in a horizontal plane in housing 5 inside, and it is affixed with housing 5, make center permanent magnet 1 spin stabilization and sensitivity when producing magnetic pole deflection, Fig. 3 (a) analyses and observe schematic construction for the edge perpendicular to the rotating shaft axial direction, and Fig. 3 (b) analyses and observe schematic construction along being parallel to the rotating shaft axial direction.
Described center permanent magnet 1, its lengthwise dimension is greater than the Width size, for the combination relative rotation axi line of ellipsoid or oval and semicircle is an asymmetrical type, as shown in Figure 5, the inner surface of the outer surface of center permanent magnet 1 and upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3 closely cooperates or is tangent, so that relatively moving to smooth incision, cut out slip between center permanent magnet 1 and upper limit body 2 and the lower limit body 3.
Described upper end cover 10 outsides are provided with gathering sill 12, and bottom end cover 11 outsides are provided with down gathering sill 13, issuable top offset take-off lever 6 and bottom offset take-off lever 7 vibration or displacement beats to reduce moment telescopic displacement output.
During present embodiment work, center permanent magnet 1 is at upper spring 8 and lower spring 9 and upper end cover 10, be clamped under the effect of bottom end cover 11 between upper limit body 2 and the lower limit body 3, screw upper end cover 10, bottom end cover 11 compresses upper spring 8 and the lower spring 9 between end cap and upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3, spring force will be passed to center permanent magnet 1, and make the pole orientation of center permanent magnet 1 and the flexible direction of take-off lever perpendicular, shown in Fig. 4 (a), top offset take-off lever 6, distance is X0 between bottom offset take-off lever 7 end faces, the length of center permanent magnet 1 is a, width is b, angle between length direction and the horizontal direction is that permanent magnet 1 changes in deflection angle in center is θ, with solenoid 4 energisings, the magnetic field that solenoid 4 is produced will act on center permanent magnet 1, center permanent magnet 1 deflects under the action of a magnetic field, produce the elongation displacement and finally promote take-off lever, shown in Fig. 4 (b), this moment, the top offset take-off lever 6, distance is X between bottom offset take-off lever 7 end faces 1, mechanism's elongation is Δ x=X before and after the current excitation 1-X 0=(a-b) * sin θ, and maximum displacement is Max Δ x=a-b, reduce electric current or cancel electric current, center permanent magnet 1 will or restore by upper spring 8, lower spring 9 compressing retractions, the size of output displacement realizes by the size of the deflection angle of the big or small control centre permanent magnet 1 of control input current, input current can be direct current or interchange, produces flexible reciprocating motion.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 6, present embodiment comprises: center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3, magnetic actuation means, housing 5, top offset take-off lever 6, bottom offset take-off lever 7, upper spring 8, lower spring 9, upper end cover 10, bottom end cover 11, magnetic actuation means is a solenoid 4 in the present embodiment, solenoid 4 places housing 5 outsides, annexation is: center permanent magnet 1 is between upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3, center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3 places housing 5 inside, solenoid 4 links to each other with lower limit body 3 with upper limit body 2 by magnetic-path 16, upper limit body 2 links to each other with top offset take-off lever 6, lower limit body 3 links to each other with bottom offset take-off lever 7, upper spring 8 is enclosed within on the top offset take-off lever 6, lower spring 9 is enclosed within on the bottom offset take-off lever 7, housing 5 two ends are provided with upper end cover 10 and bottom end cover 11, upper spring 8 places between upper limit body 2 and the upper end cover 10, and lower spring 9 places between lower limit body 3 and the bottom end cover 11.
Described upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3 are permanent magnet.
Described solenoid 4 places outside the housing 5, make the influence that center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3 are not generated heat by solenoid 4 in housing 5, place the size of solenoid 4 also not to be subjected to the restriction of housing 5 sizes, can be made into big coil and produce high-intensity magnetic field.
During present embodiment work,, center permanent magnet 1 causes its pole orientation situation identical or opposite with lower limit body 3 pole orientation according to being magnetized with upper limit body 2, thereby can form repulsion or suction simultaneously at the interactive surfaces of center permanent magnet 1 and upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3, and play the effect of magnetic bearing, make center permanent magnet 1 when upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3 move, avoid producing friction, make center permanent magnet 1 rotation sensitivity and produce the frictional heat consume easily and not, thereby alive and make solenoid 4 produce magnetic field in solenoid 4 inside, and under the effect of magnetic-path 16, magnetic field imported housing 5, act on center permanent magnet 1, make center permanent magnet 1 produce rotation, promote top offset take-off lever 6, bottom offset take-off lever 7 produces the elongation action, when solenoid 4 outages, magnetic field disappears, the magnetic field that magnetic-path 16 imports housing 5 also disappears, this moment, center permanent magnet 1 resetted in spring force effect turning down, caused top offset take-off lever 6, bottom offset take-off lever 7 produces contractive action.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 7, present embodiment comprises: center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3, magnetic actuation means, housing 5, top offset take-off lever 6, bottom offset take-off lever 7, upper spring 8, lower spring 9, upper end cover 10, bottom end cover 11, magnetic actuation means is outer permanent magnet 17 in the present embodiment, outer permanent magnet 17 places housing 5 outsides, annexation is: center permanent magnet 1 is between upper limit body 2 and lower limit body 3, center permanent magnet 1, upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3 places housing 5 inside, outer permanent magnet 17 links to each other with lower limit body 3 with upper limit body 2 by magnetic conduction path 16, upper limit body 2 links to each other with top offset take-off lever 6, lower limit body 3 links to each other with bottom offset take-off lever 7, upper spring 8 is enclosed within on the top offset take-off lever 6, lower spring 9 is enclosed within on the bottom offset take-off lever 7, housing 5 two ends are provided with upper end cover 10 and bottom end cover 11, upper spring 8 places between upper limit body 2 and the upper end cover 10, and lower spring 9 places between lower limit body 3 and the bottom end cover 11.
During present embodiment work, when cutting near magnetic-path 16 by outer permanent magnet 17, magnetic field intensity increases, magnetic field is imported housing 5 by magnetic-path 16, act on center permanent magnet 1, make center permanent magnet 1 produce rotation, promote top offset take-off lever 6, the 7 generation elongation actions of bottom offset take-off lever, when outer permanent magnet 17 being cut out with away from magnetic-path 16, magnetic field intensity in the magnetic-path 16 weakens, center permanent magnet 1 was replied at the effect upper/lower positions of spring force and was caused recovery this moment, caused top offset take-off lever 6, bottom offset take-off lever 7 to produce contractive action.
Among the above embodiment 1-3, if the length a of center magnet 1 is 4 millimeters, width b is 2 millimeters, maximum elongation amount so can reach 2 millimeters, in addition, the stroke that each embodiment produces also depends on the angle theta value between center permanent magnet 1 length direction and the horizontal direction, according to Δ x=X 1-X 0=(a-b) * sin θ, when the magnetic field intensity control θ of electric current by control solenoid 4 or outer permanent magnet 17 in 0<θ<90 during ° variation, can realize elongation between 0~2 millimeter displacement can be greatly, variation that can be little, the θ angle can be segmented more by the angle that field generator for magnetic is adjusted simultaneously, be that resolution is high more, the displacement control precision of embodiment is just high more, thereby realizes passing through the accurate telescopic displacement of the far and near realization of distance of control solenoid 4 size of current or outer permanent magnet 17 incision magnetic-path.In addition, each embodiment produces the output displacement and is rotatablely moving of center permanent magnet 1 directly transmitted and realized straight-line displacement by upper limit body 2, lower limit body 3, and the straight-line displacement of output is directly corresponding with the rotation amount of center permanent magnet 1, realize straight-line driving effect, and realized just that in mechanisms such as not additional any transmission or displacement amplifications big telescopic displacement drives.
In addition, for embodiment 1-3, if it is H that magnetic actuation means produces magnetic field intensity, the magnetic field intensity of center permanent magnet 1 is H ', when the magnetic field of the magnetic field of center permanent magnet 1 and magnetic actuation means was inconsistent, the power output that each embodiment produced was the result of two kinds of magnetic field superposition effects, than by the simple ferromagnet of magnetic actuation means excitation, class such as electromagnet, the power output that is produced is big.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 8, present embodiment is connected in parallel by more than one permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18, one end of all permanent-magnet telescopic mechanisms 18 that will be connected in parallel during driving is fixed on the supporting surface, their other end links to each other with load 19 jointly, what these permanent-magnet telescopic mechanisms 18 were produced when being driven simultaneously can drive heavy load with joint efforts, to satisfy big contractility.If single permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18 can produce N newton's power output, n permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18 parallel connections, then maximum can produce n * N newton's power output.
As shown in Figure 9, present embodiment is connected in series by more than one permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18, displacement output with the permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18 of an end during driving is fixed on the supporting surface, the displacement output of other end permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18 is linked to each other with load 19, produce when these permanent-magnet telescopic mechanisms 18 are driven simultaneously and add up displacement and produce big stroke, to satisfy big travel displacement application demand.If single permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18 can produce the displacement of l millimeter, n permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism 18 series connection, then maximum can produce the output displacement of n * l millimeter.

Claims (9)

1. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism, comprise: upper spring, lower spring, housing, the top offset take-off lever, the bottom offset take-off lever, upper end cover, bottom end cover, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the center permanent magnet, the upper limit body, the lower limit body, magnetic actuation means, the center permanent magnet is between upper limit body and lower limit body, the center permanent magnet, the upper limit body, the lower limit body places enclosure interior, and be in the magnetic field of magnetic actuation means generation, the upper limit body links to each other with the top offset take-off lever, the lower limit body links to each other with the bottom offset take-off lever, upper spring is enclosed within on the top offset take-off lever, lower spring is enclosed within on the bottom offset take-off lever, the housing two ends are provided with upper end cover and bottom end cover, and upper spring places between upper limit body and the upper end cover, and lower spring places between lower limit body and the bottom end cover;
Described center permanent magnet, its length are greater than width, and the ratio of length and width is directly proportional with the stroke size, and the inner surface profile of the outer surface of center permanent magnet and upper limit body and lower limit body closely cooperates or be tangent.
2. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described center permanent magnet is provided with a bearing in the middle of it, and bearing is arranged on the back shaft, and back shaft lies in a horizontal plane in enclosure interior, and affixed with housing.
3. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described upper end cover outside is provided with gathering sill, and the bottom end cover outside is provided with down gathering sill.
4. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described magnetic actuation means is solenoid or outer permanent magnet.
5. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that described solenoid places the outside of housing, links to each other with the lower limit body with the upper limit body by magnetic-path.
6. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that described solenoid places the housing inboard, and center permanent magnet, upper limit body, lower limit body are arranged in solenoid.
7. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that described outer permanent magnet places the outside of housing, links to each other with following permanent magnet with last permanent magnet by magnetic-path.
8. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described upper limit body and lower limit body are permanent magnet.
9. permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a plurality of described permanent-magnet telescopic mechanisms are connected in series or are connected in parallel.
CN200710047397XA 2007-10-25 2007-10-25 Permanent-magnet telescopic mechanism Expired - Fee Related CN101136578B (en)

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