CN101134211B - L-shaped extrusion device for producing ultra-fine crystal block body material - Google Patents

L-shaped extrusion device for producing ultra-fine crystal block body material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101134211B
CN101134211B CN200610048223A CN200610048223A CN101134211B CN 101134211 B CN101134211 B CN 101134211B CN 200610048223 A CN200610048223 A CN 200610048223A CN 200610048223 A CN200610048223 A CN 200610048223A CN 101134211 B CN101134211 B CN 101134211B
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China
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die sleeve
core rod
pressure ram
channel
square
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN200610048223A
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CN101134211A (en
Inventor
梁伟
边丽萍
薛晋波
赵兴国
王裕
刘奋成
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion

Abstract

The extrusion apparatus for preparing superfine crystal block material has one structure comprising a die holder, a connecting seat, a conic die case, a conic die core, a wedged extruding rod with reduced extrusion force to avoid cracking of the block, a turning unit, a square vertical channel, a square horizontal channel and a product outlet. The product has high crystal grain fining and smooth surface, and the extrusion apparatus has simple structure, excellent mechanical performance, easy installation and use, and no pollution.

Description

A kind of L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material, belong to the technical field of ultra-fine crystal block body material cold extrusion plastic forming.
Background technology
Ultra-fine crystal block body material is the new material that a kind of crystal grain is refine to sub-micron, nanometer, mechanical properties such as good rigidity, intensity are arranged, as crystalline materials such as aluminium, copper, magnesium, iron, has wide application value, be usually used in industry such as machinery, electronics, national defence, because the appearance of large plastometric set technology, the application of ultra-fine crystal block body metal material has obtained good development, has good using value and prospect.
The equal channel angular extrusion technique, be called for short the ECAP technology, it is the emerging technology field that present scientific and technological circle pay close attention to, be the effective ways of the fine and close ultra-fine crystal block body material of the three-dimensional large scale of preparation that the 1980s, Segal proposed, be usually used in the extrusion metal material, polymeric material etc., for example: aluminium, magnesium, copper, steel etc., being extruded material can be the piece material, it also can be powder, the advantage of this technology is that deformation process does not change the shape of cross section of material, can realize the repeatedly shear extrusion distortion repeatedly of material, after having accumulated enough big deflection, the refinement more of the crystal grain of material, mechanical property improves more, than traditional cold bundle, extruding, drawing, forging technology has had very big progress.
Equal channel angular extruding ECAP technology is carried out in a specially designed die device, die device comprises that two cross sections are identical, cross one another at a certain angle passage, material passes through passage under the effect of extruding force, produce a certain amount of uniform pure shear distortion at the channel corner place, thereby changed the internal organizational structure of metal material, make crystal grain obtain refinement, being orientation distributes, the mechanical property of material is greatly improved, and this technology is a kind of new method of preparation ultra-fine crystal block body metal material.
The internal channel of equal channel angular extrusion die device also has various ways, S shape for example, C shape, U-shaped, form such as L shaped, select and design with requiring according to material category, L shaped mould internal channel be ultra-fineization of metal material often select form for use, it is big to have single extrusion equivalent strain amount, be out of shape characteristics such as even, thereby generally adopted, but material is after through 90 ° of corners, the surface is subjected to the effect of tension, internal stress increases, and is prone to micro-crack, finally causes the block materials cracking, thereby limited the degree of grain refinement, also there is the back pressure of employing technology to solve this problem at present, for example: the back pressure piston, sliding bottom, increase frictional force, but also brought the mould complexity simultaneously, problems such as frictional force increase, still can not well solve block this difficult problem that ftractures, the requirement that does not reach ultra-fine crystalline substance, and in extrusion process mold damage very easily.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at disadvantages of background technology, design a kind of L shaped equal channel angular extrusion die device for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material, change the mold insert structure of mould, 90 ° of corners at the core rod internal channel, be provided with 2 ° ± 10 ' polarizing angle, make material the time by 90 ° of corners, be subjected to compression to a certain degree, reduce or avoid the block cracking of material when 90 ° of corners, increase the extruding number of times, improve the degree of grain refinement of metal material, square, wedge shape pressure ram uses by turns, reduce extruding force greatly, improve the service life of mould.
Technical scheme
Primary structure of the present invention is made up of die holder, connection seat, die sleeve, core rod, pressure ram, corner portion, vertical channel, horizontal channel, product outlet; On the top of die holder 1 positioning seat 2 is arranged, at die holder 1, die sleeve 4 is equipped with in the centre position of positioning seat 2, in the die sleeve 4 is die sleeve chamber 5, centre position at die sleeve 4, core rod pad 27 vertically is housed in the die sleeve chamber 5, core rod 6, the centre position of core rod 6 is a vertical channel 8, vertical channel 8 connects horizontal channel 9, the product outlet 10 of die sleeve 4 is aimed in the product outlet 18 of horizontal channel 9, by the extruding order square pressure ram 7 is installed successively in the vertical channel 8, wedge shape pressure ram 22, square pressure ram 7, the top of wedge shape pressure ram 22 is respectively installation portion 13,21, installation portion 13,21 go deep in the connection seat 3 of extruder, and by fastening bolt 11,12 positioning and fixing, the bottom is respectively press section 14,20, go deep into during duty in the vertical channel 8 of core rod 6.
Described die sleeve 4 is cylinder inner conical through hole shape cavity, die sleeve 4 inside are conical through-hole shape die sleeve chamber 5, die sleeve 4 sidepieces are provided with product outlet 10, the top in die sleeve chamber 5 is die sleeve upper surface 16, the bottom is die sleeve lower surface 17, the inner cone oblique angle in die sleeve chamber 5 is 1 °, and 16 places, upper surface are macropore, and 17 places, lower surface are aperture.
Described core rod 6 is cylinder male-tapered cavity, and the centre position of core rod 6 is provided with vertical channel 8, and the middle and lower part of core rod 6 is provided with horizontal channel 9, and vertical channel 8 passes through center line O-O, O with horizontal channel 9 1-O 1Intersect vertically, 9 right sides, horizontal channel are product outlet 18, vertical channel 8 is a corner portion 19 with the upper right bight of 9 intersections, horizontal channel, the stage casing of horizontal channel 9 is straight tiltedly cross-shaped portion 15, the top of core rod 6 is core rod upper surface 25, and the bottom is core rod lower surface 26, and the outside cone angle of core rod 6 is 1 °, 25 places, core rod upper surface are the cone large end face, and 26 places, core rod lower surface are the cone small end face.
Described corner portion 19 is the positions that intersect vertically of vertical channel 8, horizontal channel 9, the center line O-O of vertical channel 8 and the center line O of horizontal channel 9 1-O 1Mutually vertical, vertical angle is 90 °, corner portion 19 with straight be the polarizing angle section between the cross-shaped portion 15 tiltedly, i.e. DE section, straight oblique cross-shaped portion 15 and product are straight section between exporting 18, i.e. EF section, DE section and horizontal center line O 1-O 1Between the oblique angle be 2 ° ± 10 '.
Described square pressure ram 7 is square column type, and the top of square pressure ram 7 is installation portion 13, and the bottom is a press section 14, and the end face of press section 14 cuts shape and is square.
Described wedge shape pressure ram 22 is angle of wedge shape cylindricality, and the top of wedge shape pressure ram 22 is installation portion 21, and the bottom is a press section 20, and it is that the angle of wedge is oblique that the end face of press section 20 cuts shape, and the draft angle of wedge-shaped part is 59 ° ± 10 '.
Add the thick lubricant of graphite+vaseline in the described extrusion process.
Beneficial effect
The present invention compares with background technology has tangible advance, adopted new structural design, the die sleeve chamber of die sleeve is up big and down small taper hole shape, core rod adopts the cone profile consistent with die sleeve chamber tapering, inner vertical channel and the horizontal channel that is mated are square, the press section cross sectional shape of square pressure ram and wedge shape pressure ram is respectively square and angle of wedge shape, the corner portion that intersects in vertical channel and horizontal channel is provided with 2 ° ± 10 ' polarizing angle, make the horizontal channel be interior big outer little square hole, eliminated the raw material tension that inner surface exists in equal channel angular extrusion process, make material be in bigger compressive stress state, improved the density of product, prevent and avoided the block cracking effectively, make material can stand repeatedly to push repeatedly, strengthened total accumulation strain amount, improved the degree of grain refinement of material, improved material property, square pressure ram is the main body pressure ram, when material is pushed into corner portion, change the wedge shape pressure ram again and assist extruding, block materials is pushed the horizontal channel, help to make the easier corner that passes through of block materials like this, significantly reduce extruding force, also improved the service life of mould, this apparatus structure is simple, reasonable in design, processing ease, easy to install, pollution-free, shape of product is accurate, the smooth surface flawless, interior tissue is even, and crystal grain is tiny, intensity, hardness, good rigidity is the L shaped pressurizing unit of very good preparation ultra-fine crystal block body material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure figure
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view
Fig. 3 is the die sleeve front view
Fig. 4 is the die sleeve vertical view
Fig. 5 is that the B of Fig. 3 is to view
Fig. 6 is the core rod front view
Fig. 7 is the core rod vertical view
Fig. 8 is that the C of Fig. 6 is to view
Fig. 9 is the corner portion enlarged drawing
Figure 10 is square pressure ram front view
Figure 11 is square pressure ram vertical view
Figure 12 is square pressure ram side view
Figure 13 is the H-H profile of Figure 10
Figure 14 is a wedge shape pressure ram front view
Figure 15 is a wedge shape pressure ram vertical view
Figure 16 is a wedge shape pressure ram side view
Figure 17 is the K-K profile of Figure 14
Shown in the figure, the code name inventory is as follows:
1, die holder, 2, positioning seat, 3, connection seat, 4, die sleeve, 5, the die sleeve chamber, 6, core rod, 7, square pressure ram, 8, vertical channel, 9, the horizontal channel, 10, product outlet, 11, fastening bolt, 12, fastening bolt, 13, installation portion, 14, press section, 15, straight tiltedly cross-shaped portion, 16, die sleeve upper surface, 17, the die sleeve lower surface, 18, the product outlet, 19, corner portion, 20, press section, 21, installation portion, 22, wedge shape pressure ram, 23, installation portion, 24 press sections, 25, the core rod upper surface, 26, core rod lower surface, 27, the core rod pad.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Shown in Figure 1, be overall structure figure, this device bottom is contained on the die holder 1 of extruder, and fixing by positioning seat 2, and top is contained on the extruder top connection seat 3, and by fastening bolt 11,12 positioning and fixing, vertically installs up and down.
Closely vertical the cooperation wanted with the external diameter of core rod 6, core rod pad 27 in the die sleeve chamber 5 of die sleeve 4, and tapering is wanted consistent coincideing up and down, and the square outlet 18 of the product of horizontal channel 9 will be alignd with the product round exit 10 of die sleeve 4 in the core rod 6, must not misplace.
Square pressure ram 7, wedge shape pressure ram 22 will vertically be contained in the core rod 6, wedge shape pressure ram 22 has 59 ° ± 10 ' the oblique angle be auxiliary pressure ram, be convenient to material and pass through corner, the promotion product is discharged, to reduce the extruding force of square pressure ram 7, the vertical channel 8 of the cross section of square pressure ram 7 and core rod 6, the cross sectional shape unanimity of horizontal channel 9, be square, work good, flexibly flexible, to evenly smear graphite+vaseline lubricant during extruding, to reduce friction, make extruding unimpeded, square pressure ram 7, wedge shape pressure ram 22 will closely cooperate with vertical channel 8, prevent that finning from appearring in backward extrusion.
Shown in Figure 2, for the A of Fig. 1 to view, the outside is a round exit 10, inner be side exports 18.
Shown in Fig. 3,4, be die sleeve 4 structure charts, the taper hole in die sleeve chamber 5 is bright and clean, will work good with the Outer Taper of core rod 6, and the angle of taper unanimity will be coincide, and the extruding bearing capacity is big, make of alloy tool steel, and through the high temperature processing of hardening.
Fig. 5 be the B of Fig. 3 to view, the front is a round exit 10.
Shown in Fig. 6,7, be core rod 6 structure charts, its Outer Taper is consistent with the internal taper hole tapering in the die sleeve chamber 5 of die sleeve 4, closely cooperates, and is bright and clean, and the extruding bearing capacity is big, make of alloy tool steel, and through the high temperature processing of hardening.
Fig. 8 be the C of Fig. 6 to view, products export 18 is a square.
Shown in Figure 9, the cross sectional shape of vertical channel 8, horizontal channel 9 is square, center line O-O and O 1-O 1Vertical at an angle of 90.
Corner portion 19 is intersections of vertical channel 8 and horizontal channel 9, straight tiltedly cross-shaped portion 15 is the drift angle face of horizontal channel 9 and the intersection of flat face, and the intersection point of corner portion 19 is the D point, and the straight tiltedly intersection point of cross-shaped portion 15 is the E point, the intersection point in exit 18 is the F point, the center line O in horizontal channel 9 1-O 1Forming inside angle with drift angle section DE is 2 ° ± 10 ', also visual material and extruding situation are selected in 1 °～5 ° angles, it is big outer little oblique in horizontal channel 9 is, drift angle section DE and straight section EF intersect at E, effectively like this change tension into compression, avoided the block materials cracking.
Shown in Figure 10,11,12,13,, be the main body of extrusion modling for square pressure ram 7 structure charts, intensity, hardness height will be made of alloy tool steel, and through the high temperature processing of hardening, its cross sectional shape is correct, bright and clean, is square, and stretching when being convenient to push enters and withdraw from.
Shown in Figure 14,15,16,17, being the structure chart of wedge shape pressure ram 22, the wedge shape oblique angle of wedge shape pressure ram 22 is 59 ° ± 10 ', want intensity good, the hardness height will be made of alloy tool steel, and through the high temperature processing of hardening, its profile is bright and clean, and flexible when being convenient to push enters and withdraw from.
This pressing method also can be used for the powdered metallurgical material extruding.
Embodiment 1
Extrusion equipment, die sleeve, core rod, pressure ram etc. all are in quasi-operating status;
(1), graphite+vaseline lubricant is evenly smeared on square pressure ram 7, wedge shape pressure ram 22 surfaces;
(2), will be extruded first charge bar and put into vertical channel 8, insert square pressure ram 7, push with the extrusion speed of 0.04mm/s, when treating that charge bar is extruded onto corner portion 19, extract square pressure ram 7;
(3), change to wedge shape pressure ram 22, make the wedge angle face towards the exit, push, all enter horizontal channel 9 until block materials, extract wedge shape pressure ram 22;
(4), second charge bar of packing into, push by above-mentioned steps, first charge bar is ejected, discharge by product outlet 18,10 places, finish the extruding of first charge bar first passage;
(5) extract wedge shape pressure ram 22, pack into, push, realized second passage extruding of first charge bar by above-mentioned steps through first charge bar of first passage extruding;
(6) repeat above-mentioned steps, thereby realized the multi-pass extruding of charge bar.

Claims (5)

1. L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material is characterized in that: this device comprises die holder, connection seat, die sleeve, core rod, pressure ram, corner portion, vertical channel, horizontal channel, product outlet; On the top of die holder (1) positioning seat (2) is arranged, in die holder (1), the interposition of positioning seat (2) is equipped with die sleeve (4), in the die sleeve (4) is die sleeve chamber (5), centre position in die sleeve (4), core rod pad (27) vertically is equipped with in die sleeve chamber (5), core rod (6), the centre position of core rod (6) is vertical channel (8), vertical channel (8) vertically connects horizontal channel (9), the product outlet (10) of die sleeve (4) is aimed in the product outlet (18) of horizontal channel (9), by the extruding order square pressure ram (7) is installed successively in the vertical channel (8), wedge shape pressure ram (22), square pressure ram (7), the top of wedge shape pressure ram (22) is respectively installation portion (13,21), installation portion (13,21) go deep in the connection seat (3) of extruder, and by fastening bolt (11,12) positioning and fixing, the bottom is respectively press section (14,20), go deep into during duty in the vertical channel (8) of core rod (6), be provided with 2 ° ± 10 in 90 ° of corners of core rod (6) internal channel ' polarizing angle, make material by 90 ° of corners the time, be subjected to a certain degree compression, reduce or avoid the block cracking of material when 90 ° of corners.
2. a kind of L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: affiliated die sleeve (4) is cylinder inner conical through hole shape cavity, die sleeve (4) inside is conical through-hole shape die sleeve chamber (5), die sleeve (4) sidepiece is provided with product outlet (10), the top in die sleeve chamber (5) is die sleeve upper surface (16), and the bottom is die sleeve lower surface (17), and the inner cone oblique angle of die sleeve chamber (5) is 1 °, macropore is located to be in upper surface (16), and lower surface (17) locate to be aperture.
3. a kind of L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described vertical channel (8) passes through center line O-O, O with horizontal channel (9) 1-O 1Intersect vertically, vertical angle is 90 °, right side, horizontal channel (9) is provided with product outlet (18), vertical channel (8) is corner portion (19) with the upper right corner of the intersection of horizontal channel (9), and the stage casing of horizontal channel (9) is straight tiltedly cross-shaped portion (15), and the top of core rod (6) is core rod upper surface (25), the bottom is core rod lower surface (26), the outer cone oblique angle of core rod (6) is 1 °, and core rod upper surface (25) locate to be the cone large end face, and core rod lower surface (26) locate to be the cone small end face.
4. a kind of L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described square pressure ram (7) is square column type, the top of pressure ram (7) is installation portion (13), and the bottom is press section (14), and press section (14) end face cuts shape and is square.
5. a kind of L shaped pressurizing unit for preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described wedge shape depression bar (22) is angle of wedge cylindricality, the top of wedge shape pressure ram (22) is installation portion (21), the bottom is press section (20), it is that the angle of wedge is oblique that press section (20) end face cuts shape, the draft angle of wedge-shaped part is 59 ° ± 10 '.
CN200610048223A 2006-08-28 2006-08-28 L-shaped extrusion device for producing ultra-fine crystal block body material Expired - Fee Related CN101134211B (en)

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