CN107413870B - A kind of simulation magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing technology optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of simulation magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing technology optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of simulation magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing technology optimization methods, it is the numerical simulation study carried out for magnesium alloy compressional deformation, the crack initiation and propagation in magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing can effectively be simulated, it can preferably predict the crackle generated in magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing, demonstrate the correctness for building the prediction Equal Channel Angular Pressing crack initiation and propagation of the calculation procedure containing damage forecast, the method can predict fracture of the metal material in equal channel angular pressing, provide theoretical foundation for process optimization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulation magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing technology optimization methods, and it is excellent to belong to magnesium alloy Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Chemical industry skill and the technical field of application.
Background technique
Equal Channel Angular Pressing is to generate intense plastic strain by the mold of two equal cross-sectional passages and do not change rapidoprint
A kind of technique of cross-sectional geometry can carry out extrusion deformation repeatedly to reach best fine grain effect, to improve deformation
The mechanical property of material.
Deformation workpiece is easily broken in equal channel angular pressing, is based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method, is obtained workpiece at isometrical angle
Stress, strain in extrusion process and the regularity of distribution of damage predict the fracture of deformation workpiece, because of its mesh free spy
Property can avoid FInite Element mesh distortion problem occurs during material plasticity deformation simulative, it is excellent with channel angular angular pressing technology
Change and theoretical foundation is provided, this technology is also in scientific research.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to Equal Channel Angular Pressing, answering in equal channel angular pressing is calculated by simulation
The fracture of magnesium alloy miter angle extruding deforming process is predicted in power, strain and damage, is that equal channel angular pressing technique is excellent
Change and theoretical foundation is provided.
Technical solution
The present invention is the method based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method to plastic deformation and damage development emulation, is equal channel angular pressing
Process optimization provides theoretical foundation, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) it prepares mold and squeezes test specimen
1. preparing ECAP Die
ECAP Die makes of chrome-molybdenum steel；Mold cavity divides vertical-type chamber, horizontal type chamber, vertical-type chamber and horizontal type chamber
Between angle be 90 °；
Vertical-type chamber and horizontal type chamber are rectangle mold cavity, vertical cavity dimension and horizontal cavity dimension be the ㎜ of 10 ㎜ × 10 ×
87 ㎜, mold cavity surface roughness are Ra0.08-0.16 μm；
2. preparing Equal Channel Angular Pressing test specimen
Equal Channel Angular Pressing material for test is magnesium alloy, having a size of the ㎜ × 66.5 of 8 ㎜ × 8 ㎜；
(2) prediction model is constructed
1. the foundation and particlized of three-dimensional entity model
3D solid is established with modeling software；By mold, test specimen and pressure ram it is discrete be particle, determine the initial bit of particle
It sets；Mold particle is solid wall boundary particle, and pressure ram particle is moving boundary particle, handles boundary using force method is repelled；
2. the setting of basic parameter
Extrusion speed is 0.005 meter per second, and time step Δ t is 0.000001 second, and smooth length h is 0.000375 meter；
3. particle search simultaneously matches
Any particle i is calculated at a distance from other all particles, if particle i is less than or equal to 2 times at a distance from particle j
When smooth length, then it is assumed that particle j is in the support region of particle i, it is believed that particle j has an impact to particle i, traverses in addition to particle i
All particles after complete pairing；
4. the accumulating injuring value and yield strength of calculation testing piece particle
1) pressure is calculated
In formula, P indicates pressure value, and ρ indicates density, ρ0Value 1780kg/m3, c04300 meter per second of value,It calculates as follows
It is shown:
WhereinFor the rate of change of the density of i particle,For summation of the j particle to i particle influence, m in support regionj
For the quality of j particle, vijFor the speed difference of i particle and j particle, alpha, β, γ indicates coordinate direction, with index method table
Show the superposition of equation, WijFor smooth function,For smooth function gradient；
2) total stresstensor and acceleration are calculated
σαβ=-P δαβ+ταβ Ⅲ
σ is total stresstensor, and P is pressure, and τ is deviatoric stress；δ indicates Dirac function, and when α is identical as β value, δ is
1, on the contrary δ is 0；
Wherein pressure P is acquired by formula I,For deviatoric stress rate, deviatoric stress is equal to deviatoric stress and adds deviatoric stress rate and time step
Product, deviatoric stress rateIt can be acquired by following formula:
In formula: G is modulus of shearing；ε is strain rate tensor, and strain rate tensor calculation expression is as follows:
In formula: ρjIndicate the density of particle j；Total stresstensor can be obtained by formula I-V, and then calculate the acceleration of particle,
It is as follows:
For the acceleration of i particle, mjFor the quality of j particle, σiWith σjThe respectively total stress of i particle and j particle
Amount,WithRespectively square of i particle and j particle density, WijFor smooth function,For smooth function gradient；
3) accumulating injuring value and yield strength are calculated
The yield strength Y of material calculates as follows:
In formula, Y is yield strength, DsFor accumulating injuring value,For equivalent plastic strain rate, εpFor equivalent plastic strain
Value, equivalent plastic strain value are equal to the product that equivalent plastic strain value adds equivalent plastic strain rate and time step,For ginseng
Strain rate is examined, 1 meter per second is set as；A is initial yield stress, and B is metal material strain hardening parameter, and C indicates metal material strain
The coefficient of rate effect, m are material thermal softening coefficient, and for magnesium alloy, A 172MPa, B 360MPa, n 0.456, C are
0.092, m 0.95；T*Calculation expression it is as follows:
T in formulaiIndicate the temperature of i particle, TmFor the fusing point of magnesium alloy, room temperature TrIt is 25 DEG C；
Equivalent plastic strain rateExpression formula it is as follows:
In formula, the direction x indicates coordinate x, the direction y indicates coordinate y, the direction z indicates coordinate z；ε is strain rate tensor；
DsFor accumulating injuring value, if damage threshold DscIt is 1, works as DsGreater than DscWhen, it is broken, accumulating injuring value is equal to tired
Product impairment value and damage increment and；IfFor damage increment,It calculates as follows:
In formula, εdIf value is 0.000001, εfExpression formula are as follows:
In formula, impairment parameter D1、D2And D3The stress hardening of material, D are described4The strain rate effect of material, D are described5Description
Material thermal softening；For magnesium alloy, D1It is 0.0205, D2For -1.782, D3For -0.421, D4It is 0.012, D5It is 0.0,It is 1
Meter per second；η is pressure P and equivalent stress σeqRatio, equivalent stress σeqCalculation expression it is as follows:
4) determine whether particle accumulation impairment value reaches threshold value
If the D of particlesMore than or equal to Dsc, then it is assumed that it is broken at the particle；Conversely, deviatoric stress is modified,
Its innovation representation is as follows:
In formula, Y is yield strength, and τ is deviatoric stress, σeqFor equivalent stress；
5. time integral
After one time step, need to be updated the density, speed and position of particle；Wherein particle is next
The density that the density that the density at moment is equal to current time is obtained plus II formula changes with time the product of rate and time step；
Particle adds the product of VI formula obtained acceleration and time step in the speed that the speed of subsequent time is equal to current time；By
The position at current time, the speed, acceleration at current time and time step acquire the position of subsequent time；
Programming is carried out by development platform of VC++, calculation procedure is as follows:
(3) analog result
Simulation calculates stress, strain and the damage in equal channel angular pressing, the results showed that, in equal channel angular pressing
In, surface of test piece crack initiation at mold inside lock, and the reason of extending along shear surface, leading to this result is along cutting
The Large strain of section is concentrated；
(4) Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Parameter is input on numerical control extruder, numerical control extruder carries out Equal Channel Angular Pressing according to instruction, obtains after extruding
There is the cracking of sheet in the upper surface of test specimen, and extends along shear surface, and experimental result is consistent with analog result；
Conclusion: in equal channel angular pressing, test specimen upper surface crack initiation at mold inside lock, and along shearing
The reason of face extends, and leads to this result is the Large strain concentration along shear surface, and analog result is consistent with experimental result, by right
The fracture of magnesium alloy miter angle extruding deforming process is predicted, provides theoretical foundation for process optimization.
Beneficial effect
The present invention is the numerical simulation study to magnesium alloy Equal Channel Angular Pressing damage development, can effectively simulate magnesium alloy and exist
Crack initiation and propagation in equal channel angular pressing demonstrates this patent and builds containing haveing damage by comparing with experimental result
The correctness of the calculation procedure prediction Equal Channel Angular Pressing crack initiation and propagation of prediction；The method can also exist to other metal materials
Fracture in equal channel angular pressing is predicted, provides theoretical foundation for process optimization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, magnesium alloy Equal Channel Angular Pressing state diagram
Fig. 2, magnesium alloy Equal Channel Angular Pressing simulation result and experimental result comparison diagram
As shown in the figure, list of numerals is as follows:
1, ECAP Die, 2, perpendicular channel, 3, transverse passage-way, 4, discharge port, 5, mold vertical position, 6, mold it is parallel
Position, 7, magnesium alloy test specimen, 8, pressure ram, 9, link block.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Shown in Fig. 1, magnesium alloy Equal Channel Angular Pressing state diagram, each portion position, connection relationship correctly will be operated sequentially.
ECAP Die 1 is L-shaped, is made of vertical position 5 with parallel position 6, vertical position 5 and parallel position 6
Between angle be 90 °；It is made of, erects between channel 2 and transverse passage-way 3 perpendicular channel 2, transverse passage-way 3 inside ECAP Die 1
Angle be also 90 °；Magnesium alloy test specimen 7 is put in perpendicular channel 2, is fastened on 7 top of magnesium alloy test specimen by pressure ram 8, is squeezed
8 top of bar is equipped with link block 9, and link block 9 is connect with the pressure motor on extruder top；3 right part of transverse passage-way is discharge port 4.
Shown in Fig. 2, be Equal Channel Angular Pressing after analog result and experimental result comparison diagram, wherein (a) figure is analog result
Figure, (b) figure is experimental result picture, and the cracking of sheet occurs in the upper surface of (a) figure magnesium alloy test specimen, and expands along shear surface
Exhibition, analog result are consistent with experimental result.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of simulation magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing technology optimization method, it is characterised in that: be based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method to plasticity
The emulation mode of deformation and damage development, the process optimization applied to magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) it prepares mold and squeezes test specimen
1. preparing ECAP Die
ECAP Die makes of chrome-molybdenum steel；Mold cavity divides vertical-type chamber, horizontal type chamber, between vertical-type chamber and horizontal type chamber
Angle is 90 °；
Vertical-type chamber and horizontal type chamber are rectangle mold cavity, and vertical cavity dimension and horizontal cavity dimension are ㎜ × 87 10 ㎜ × 10
㎜, mold cavity surface roughness are Ra0.08-0.16 μm；
2. preparing Equal Channel Angular Pressing test specimen
Equal Channel Angular Pressing material for test is magnesium alloy, having a size of the ㎜ × 66.5 of 8 ㎜ × 8 ㎜；
(2) prediction model is constructed
1. the foundation and particlized of three-dimensional entity model
3D solid is established with modeling software；By mold, test specimen and pressure ram it is discrete be particle, determine the initial position of particle；
Mold particle is solid wall boundary particle, and pressure ram particle is moving boundary particle, handles boundary using force method is repelled；
2. the setting of basic parameter
Extrusion speed is 0.005 meter per second, and time step Δ t is 0.000001 second, and smooth length h is 0.000375 meter；
3. particle search simultaneously matches
Any particle i is calculated at a distance from other all particles, if particle i is smooth less than or equal to 2 times at a distance from particle j
When length, then it is assumed that particle j is in the support region of particle i, it is believed that particle j has an impact to particle i, traverses the institute in addition to particle i
Pairing is completed after having particle；
4. the accumulating injuring value and yield strength of calculation testing piece particle
1) pressure is calculated
In formula, P indicates pressure value, and ρ indicates density, ρ0Value 1780kg/m3, c04300 meter per second of value,Calculate following institute
Show:
WhereinFor the rate of change of the density of i particle,For summation of the j particle to i particle influence, m in support regionjIt is j
The quality of son, vijFor the speed difference of i particle and j particle, alpha, β, γ indicates coordinate direction indicate equation with index method
Superposition, WijFor smooth function,For smooth function gradient, xiAlternate position spike between expression particle；
2) total stresstensor and acceleration are calculated
σαβ=-P δαβ+ταβ Ⅲ
σ is total stresstensor, and P is pressure, and τ is deviatoric stress；δ indicates Dirac function, when α is identical as β value, δ 1, instead
δ be 0；
Wherein pressure P is acquired by formula I,For deviatoric stress rate, deviatoric stress is equal to deviatoric stress multiplying plus deviatoric stress rate and time step
Product, deviatoric stress rateIt can be acquired by following formula:
In formula: G is modulus of shearing；ε is strain rate tensor, and strain rate tensor calculation expression is as follows:
In formula: ρjIndicate the density of particle j；Total stresstensor can be obtained by formula I-V, and then calculate the acceleration of particle, it is as follows
It is shown:
For the acceleration of i particle, mjFor the quality of j particle, σiWith σjThe respectively total stresstensor of i particle and j particle,
WithRespectively square of i particle and j particle density, WijFor smooth function,For smooth function gradient；
3) accumulating injuring value and yield strength are calculated
The yield strength Y of material calculates as follows:
In formula, Y is yield strength, DsFor accumulating injuring value,For equivalent plastic strain rate, εpIt is equivalent for equivalent plastic strain value
Plastic strain value is equal to the product that equivalent plastic strain value adds equivalent plastic strain rate and time step,For with reference to strain
Rate is set as 1 meter per second；A is initial yield stress, and B is metal material strain hardening parameter, and C indicates metal material strain rate effect
Coefficient, m be material thermal softening coefficient, for magnesium alloy, A 172MPa, B 360MPa, n 0.456, C 0.092, m are
0.95；T*Calculation expression it is as follows:
T in formulaiIndicate the temperature of i particle, TmFor the fusing point of magnesium alloy, room temperature TrIt is 25 DEG C；
Equivalent plastic strain rateExpression formula it is as follows:
In formula, the direction x indicates coordinate x, the direction y indicates coordinate y, the direction z indicates coordinate z；ε is strain rate tensor；
DsFor accumulating injuring value, if damage threshold DscIt is 1, works as DsGreater than DscWhen, it is broken, accumulating injuring value is equal to accumulation damage
Wound value and damage increment and；IfFor damage increment,It calculates as follows:
In formula, εdIf value is 0.000001, εfExpression formula are as follows:
In formula, impairment parameter D1、D2And D3The stress hardening of material, D are described4The strain rate effect of material, D are described5Material is described
Thermal softening；For magnesium alloy, D1It is 0.0205, D2For -1.782, D3For -0.421, D4It is 0.012, D5It is 0.0,For 1 meter/
Second；η is pressure P and equivalent stress σeqRatio, equivalent stress σeqCalculation expression it is as follows:
4) determine whether particle accumulation impairment value reaches threshold value
If the D of particlesMore than or equal to Dsc, then it is assumed that it is broken at the particle；Conversely, being modified to deviatoric stress, repair
Positive expression formula is as follows:
In formula, Y is yield strength, and τ is deviatoric stress, σeqFor equivalent stress；
5. time integral
After one time step, need to be updated the density, speed and position of particle；Wherein particle is in subsequent time
Density be equal to the density that the density at current time is obtained plus II formula and change with time the product of rate and time step；Particle
The product of VI formula obtained acceleration and time step is added in the speed that the speed of subsequent time is equal to current time；By current
The position at moment, the speed, acceleration at current time and time step acquire the position of subsequent time；
Programming is carried out by development platform of VC++；
(3) analog result
Simulation calculates stress, strain and the damage in equal channel angular pressing, the results showed that, in equal channel angular pressing,
Surface of test piece crack initiation at mold inside lock, and the reason of extending along shear surface, leading to this result is along shearing
The Large strain in face is concentrated；
(4) Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Parameter is input on numerical control extruder, numerical control extruder carries out Equal Channel Angular Pressing according to instruction, obtains test specimen after extruding
Upper surface there is the cracking of sheet, and extended along shear surface, experimental result is consistent with analog result；
Conclusion: in equal channel angular pressing, test specimen upper surface crack initiation at mold inside lock, and expand along shear surface
The reason of opening up, leading to this result is the Large strain concentration along shear surface, and experimental result is consistent with analog result, by closing to magnesium
The fracture of golden miter angle extruding deforming process is predicted, provides theoretical foundation for process optimization.
2. a kind of simulation magnesium alloy equal channel angular pressing technology optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The ECAP Die (1) is L-shaped, is made of vertical position (5) with parallel position (6), vertical position (5) with
Angle between parallel position (6) is 90 °；ECAP Die (1) is internal to be made of perpendicular channel (2), transverse passage-way (3), is erected
Angle between channel (2) and transverse passage-way (3) is also 90 °；Magnesium alloy test specimen (7) are put in perpendicular channel (2), are tried in magnesium alloy
Part (7) top is fastened by pressure ram (8), and pressure ram (8) top is equipped with link block (9), the pressure of link block (9) and extruder top
Force motor connection；Transverse passage-way (3) right part is discharge port (4).
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| CN2850740Y (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-27 | 山东大学 | Iso-radius angular pressing mould |
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| CN102867094A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-09 | 西安交通大学 | Establishment method for free surface flow model in moving particle semi-implicit algorithm |
| CN106202809A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of Optimization Prediction method simulating iron-sand mold casting casting cycle |
| CN106227954A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-14 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of Aluminum alloy gravity gravity die casting process optimization method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000271693A (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-10-03 | Ykk Corp | Production of magnesium alloy material |
| CN2714189Y (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2005-08-03 | 钢铁研究总院 | Equal diameter angular extrusion deformation die |
| CN2850740Y (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-27 | 山东大学 | Iso-radius angular pressing mould |
| CN101134211A (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-03-05 | 太原理工大学 | L-shaped extrusion device for producing ultra-fine crystal block body material |
| DE102008033027A1 (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-03-18 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Increasing strength and ductility of precipitation-hardenable metal materials such as light metal alloys based on e.g. aluminum, comprises transferring the material into a state of solid solution, and rapidly cooling/quenching the material |
| CN102867094A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-09 | 西安交通大学 | Establishment method for free surface flow model in moving particle semi-implicit algorithm |
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