CN101128247A - Method for cleaning exhaust gases produced by a sintering process for ores and/or other metal-containing materials in metal production - Google Patents

Method for cleaning exhaust gases produced by a sintering process for ores and/or other metal-containing materials in metal production Download PDF

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CN101128247A
CN101128247A CNA2006800057855A CN200680005785A CN101128247A CN 101128247 A CN101128247 A CN 101128247A CN A2006800057855 A CNA2006800057855 A CN A2006800057855A CN 200680005785 A CN200680005785 A CN 200680005785A CN 101128247 A CN101128247 A CN 101128247A
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adsorbent
absorbent
moving
bed reactor
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CN101128247B (en
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霍斯特·格罗霍夫斯基
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
    • B01D46/32—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material the material moving during filtering
    • B01D46/34—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material the material moving during filtering not horizontally, e.g. using shoots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B01D53/08—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds according to the "moving bed" method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/025—Other waste gases from metallurgy plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40077—Direction of flow
    • B01D2259/40081—Counter-current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/414—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents
    • B01D2259/4141—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed
    • B01D2259/4145—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed arranged in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
    • Y10S423/09—Reaction techniques
    • Y10S423/16—Fluidization

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cleaning exhaust gases produced by an ore sintering process in metal production consisting in mixing ores, possibly associated with other metal-containing materials, with a solid fuel, in sintering said materials by simultaneously combusting said solid fuel and in carrying out a distillation process in such a way that NOx is removed and the effects of other aggressive components, in particular SO2, on a catalyst are limited or removed at a large degree. For this purpose, the sintering exhaust gases are substantially freed from the aggressive substances in a moving-bed reactor by bringing into contact at least one adsorption and/or absorption agent in the same single moving bed in at least two steps in such a way that at least one aggressive gas substance SO2, HCI, condensable residues, heavy metals and possibly potassium and/or sodium compounds are bound by absorption or adsorption, to a directly connected flow area and possibly to an adjacent lower layer of the moving bed and to particulate components adhered thereto. According to said invention, a nitrogen and possibly gas substances such as dioxins or furans are substantially removed in the area adjacent to the directly adjacent flow are and possibly to the adjacent lower layer of the moving bed.

Description

The purification method of the sintering process waste gas of ore and/or other metal-containing material during metal is made
Technical field
The method of the sintering process waste gas of ore during the purification metal that the present invention relates to a kind of preamble according to claim 1 is made.
Background technology
When the sintered ore material, this material and granuliform carbonaceous solids are mixed together and supply with sintering belt, are transported to delivery end on sintering belt, and wherein described solid is burned to small part during continuing conveying on the sintering belt.Alternative is with raw material granulation or briquetting, sintering then.The input combustion air.During sintering process, materials experience low temperature distillation and to small part experience burning process, agglomerate into bigger piece by the described raw material of this technology, promptly are sintered.Emit very a large amount of waste gas by burning and low temperature distillation technology by materials, and strengthened by the combustion air of input, described waste gas is except comprising component CO 2, possible CO, O 2, H 2O and/or N 2The harmful substance component that also comprises very multiple class outward.Particularly, these are nitrogen oxide (NO x), SO 2, HCl, two  English, furans, dust and be derived from distilling or coagulable residue, heavy hydrocarbon and/or heavy metal of low temperature distillation technology.
The research that prevents the air pollution aspect shows that for example the waste gas of sintering belt is included in the very large part in all contaminants that produces altogether in the steelmaking process.For example, with regard to two  English and furans, detect in the corresponding emission in the iron and steel manufacturing process and be higher than 90% pollutant ratio.Because the sintering belt system discharges extremely big exhausted air quantity, the only very large so far steelmaking process that makes can feel that generally the more expensive expense in ground just may realize gratifying gas purification.Particularly, owing to harmful substance component ratios different in sintering belt waste gas, with and decide the composition of strong change on materials, and because the very different reactions and the operational purification method of harmful substance component, necessary is to connect a plurality of purifying step in succession.
For example, the so-called method of entrainment that has the catalytic oxidation of carrying (Flugstrom) particulate filter and further downstream secretly in downstream has been proposed, to be used to reduce two  English.In these methods, serious catalyst impairment appears, it especially (Abschlussbericht (Final Report) 50 441-5/217 occur as the surperficial layering type of the organic hydrocarbon of employing of catalyst, " reduction of the two  English discharging of sintering system ", German federal environment office commissions, in December, 2002).The exhaust gas purifying method that another kind is used for the sintering belt system proposes at WO 01/17663, or rather, as follows: sintering belt waste gas purifies the carrying secretly in the cleansing phase of adsorption cleaning stage that has subsequently, wherein in carrying cleansing phase secretly, in waste gas, add with the grinding form, promptly adopt the senior active carbon of low relatively particle size, form and carry cloud secretly.This granuliform adsorbent is treated the harmful substance component reaction of removing with a part from sintering belt waste gas in carrying secretly mutually.But as the post-reaction period of the process of carrying secretly, flying dust is not to deposit on filter cloth or the electrofilter, but deposits to the input side of counter-flow moving bed reactor, is deposited at this flying dust on the particle of moving bed discrete material, promptly on its surface or in its interstitial volume.Subsequently, the flow through particle layer of counter-flow moving bed reactor of sintering belt waste gas, this layer for example is made up of active carbon, makes that the sintering belt waste gas of preliminary clearning experiences adsorption cleaning once more in carrying secretly mutually.The moving-burden bed reactor upstream connects carries process for purifying secretly and need use second kind of granular cleanser, and this has not prevented disadvantageous catalyst impairment in moving bed.
Especially work as NO xWhen the removal from sintered discharge gas was very important, verified, other harmful substance component was as SO 2And HCl, when will be with NO xWhen from waste gas, removing, be interfering especially, because these and other kind of harmful substance component that exists in sintered discharge gas is so-called for NO by catalyst xThe catalyst poison of removing.
Summary of the invention
Thus, the objective of the invention is, at sintered discharge gas, NO particularly xPurification process in, reduce or get rid of other harmful substance component, particularly SO greatly 2And/or coagulable hydrocarbon to the catalyst deleterious effects, the simplification of implementation method simultaneously.For realizing this purpose, a kind of method with feature of claim 1 is proposed.
Have been found that even wherein for example adopt calcium hydroxide SO 2It can not be enough separating the preliminary clearning stage of removing to a certain extent yet, because the SO of the residual volume that keeps in the waste gas 2And/or HCl, when them and for NO xWhen transforming the ammonia contact of essential use, be the absorbent and/or the adsorbent of carbon containing with regard to catalyst, for example active carbon may cause NO xThe catalyst crystal grain expansion (forming the rice krispies style) of catalyst.When forming ammonium sulfate or ammonia chloride crystal in porous catalyst, this effect appears.The expansion of the crystal that forms in pore system is with the structural deterioration of catalyst.The result is that catalyst not only is consumed, and is broken.In the catalyst bulk material bed particle size reduce cause the pressure loss to raise in addition, and cause the cost of process for purifying further to raise thus.
The present invention is based on a kind of basic design: implement two stage waste gas purification technologies in same moving-burden bed reactor, wherein the phase I carries out in entrance area, and second cleansing phase carries out in subsequently adsorbent and/or absorber layer.Be surprisingly found out that, if sintered discharge gas contains or still contain the SO of obvious concentration at the sintered discharge gas during zone of becoming a mandarin of the moving-burden bed reactor system that enters preferred counter-current operation 2And/or HCl, then can be implemented in two stage process for purifying of a unique moving bed that is used for sintered discharge gas.Therefore unnecessary is that special intricately is designed for SO 2Also will be similar to whole SO with the possible preliminary clearning stage of HCl 2Separate in advance from sintered discharge gas with HCl and to remove.On the contrary, escape the SO in preliminary clearning stage 2Although with HCl its to catalyst deleterious effects separated removing in the moving-burden bed reactor system still, and not significantly to NO xProcess for purifying apply burden or the catalyst that for this reason uses of infringement unfriendly.Even the alkali compounds that in sintered discharge gas, exists, although it uses the cleansing phase of upstream still to enter in the moving-burden bed reactor system and owing to distil and produces as crystal form, shown for method of the present invention it is not crucial, even alkali compounds also is considered as catalyst poison.
If the moving-burden bed reactor system operates with counter-flow pattern, as preferred, be that absorbent and/or adsorbent move through reactor from the top down, the reactor and waste gas to be clean is flowed through from bottom to top, then the required bed degree of depth can obtain optimization for first cleansing phase.Particularly, it can be adapted to actual given condition, as the quantity of dust generation and/or the catalyst poison in sintered discharge gas that must remove in the phase I.The percolation pressure loss that is preferred for controlling the bed thickness of first cleansing phase is that sintered discharge gas is through the pressure loss that partial depth suffered in the percolation degree of depth or the moving bed.Also possible is if wish, then this layer depth to be kept constant.In this case, adsorbent and/or the absorbent speed by the moving-burden bed reactor system increases or reduces.Replace depending on the pressure loss and fixed control, also can implement control by the infringement that the harmful component of catalyst is caused according to adsorbent and/or absorbent.
For enter in the moving-burden bed reactor system at sintered discharge gas before with its preliminary clearning, preferably use bag hose (Schlauchfilter) or electrofilter and/or exhaust scrubber.Alternative, or additional ground, add the reactant and/or the absorbent of segmentation in can the sintered discharge gas in entrained flow, for example lime dust and/or active carbon dust are removing a part of harmful substance component S O at least before sintered discharge gas is in entering the moving-burden bed reactor system 2And HCl.Contain when preferably, the sintered discharge gas of preliminary clearning is in entering the moving-burden bed reactor system and be less than the 100mg/ standard cubic meter, the SO of preferred no more than 5mg/ standard cubic meter 2Content.
On meaning of the present invention, absorption is meant a kind of process, wherein directly adsorbs one or more components from waste gas.Absorption in the meaning of the present invention is meant that the material that is derived from waste gas to be clean chemical reaction at first takes place also just is adsorbed subsequently.
As adsorbent and/or absorbent, depend on the composition of sintered discharge gas and decide, active carbon (mix or mix) for example, or by adsorbent and/or absorbent carbon containing, that do not mix or mix, active carbon particularly, the mixture of forming with reactant that is used for the deleterious acidic material composition such as lime is preferred.
Sorption (Sorption) process can, with used absorption and/or absorbent irrespectively, carry out with various mode of operation:
On the one hand, in the mode that disposable material passes through, the sorbent that is new system is packed into the moving-burden bed reactor from the top, and by progressively take out in the reactor bottom and on the top progressively follow-up filling single bulk material layer is unique once by moving-burden bed reactor, and in technology, do not use once more then.This embodiment particularly is fit under the situation of little dust load under the situation of the little solid loading of sorbent with very little Chemical Measurement factor and/or fluid to be clean.
If the solid loading of fluid, particularly dust load be than higher, if and/or the Chemical Measurement factor of sorbent more unfavorable, then can carry out sorbent and repeatedly cycle through the sorption reactor.After cycling through, sorbent can experience processing procedure with further application at every turn.This processing procedure for example can be:
-screening, as adopting vibratory sieve, adopt subsequently or pneumatic separation simultaneously with for Aberodierung (erosions) purpose, screenings is removed in separation and/or the dust that adheres on the sorbent particle is removed in separation
-regeneration or doping are to upgrade or the improvement catalytic performance.
Under two kinds of applicable cases, (once use or multiple application), may realize the high total residence time of sorbent in reactor, wherein pass through under the situation of pattern at disposable material, the time of staying in the course of reaction is long especially, and promptly sorbent is relatively little from the translational speed that enters into discharge.Generally, for example under the high solids content of fluid to be clean, sorbent must have the higher translational speed by reactor.
The composition of sorbent depends on being proposed in the waste gas purification of sintering belt system of task and decides:
Two  English/furans, dust or
2. two  English/furans, SO 2, HCl and dust or
3. two  English/furans, SO 2, HCl, dust and NO x
Active carbon is used for separating removes two  English/furans.Calcium hydroxide is used for separating removes SO 2, HCl (deleterious acidic material composition).Employing can improve the doping that the material of catalytic performance carries out and be used in particular for improving NO xSeparation removal degree.
By adsorbent and/or absorbent carbon containing, unadulterated or that mix, active carbon particularly, mixture with the reactant composition that is used for the deleterious acidic material composition, can in moving-burden bed reactor, realize by layer structure, but also can realize in the following way: granular sorbent uses with grain shape, and this particle is made up of the mixture of two kinds of sorbents at least.Preferably, one of these sorbents contain a kind of adsorbent of particularly carbon containing, as open-hearth furnace coke (being derived from brown coal) or bone coal coke (being derived from bone coal) or corresponding active carbon/coke, or also has the adsorbent of non-carbon containing, as clay mineral or zeolite, and described at least a other sorbent be chemical sorbent and-preferred-contain the compound of calcium, magnesium, potassium and/or sodium, wherein calcium hydroxide is particularly preferred.Preferred materials are the limewash compounds that are derived from lime or dolomite.The limewash compound that is derived from lime also contains CaCO 3And CaO.The limewash compound that is derived from dolomite also contains Mg-, Na-and/or K-compound except containing the Ca compound.The base composition of sorbent is made up of the absorbent/adsorbent and the calcium hydroxide of carbon containing.What depend on harmful substance component concentrations and these harmful substance components in purified waste gas in the waste gas to be clean necessaryly separates the removal degree and decides, and selects the activated charcoal or the active carbon of high or not higher ratio when selecting particle.Preferred mixed proportion can for example be 65-90 weight % chemical sorbent and 35-10 weight % adsorbent between chemical sorbent and the adsorbent in the particle particle.In some cases, these limiting values can extend to 20-95% chemical sorbent and 80-5% adsorbent.Advantageously verified, use 10-65% adsorbent and 90-35% chemical sorbent.
If the economy of desired separation removal degree height and waste gas purification process is modified thus, then in this base composition, choose at least a reagent that can improve catalytic performance of interpolation wantonly by doping way.Doping can for example adopt vanadic anhydride, titanium oxide, tungsten compound etc. to carry out.It can carry out single composition activity charcoal or calcium hydroxide, or be entrained in preparation during particle (for example when granulation) carry out.In addition, doping can also be undertaken by adopting suspension to handle after the preparation particle, has the reagent with catalytic action in the described suspension.But or adulterant applies with dust form, because used particle shows the good adhesive property highlightedly to such dust.This doping can also the gas purification in moving-burden bed reactor before and/or during carry out, and/or replenish and carry out.This also is suitable for the situation of the catalytic performance of control moving bed.These doping methods-also be independent of sintering process-have self independently creative meaning is because they can advantageously use in other gas treatment technology.
Hybrid particles of the present invention has high astoundingly mechanical strength, and porosity that can be bigger, particularly with the preparation of high entrance hole system, makes that sorption process can be not only on the surface, and in particle inside, carries out than more quickly.In addition, can blending than the reactant of the carbon containing of larger proportion, as the material of active carbon and/or catalytic action,, and realize thus for two  English, furans, mercury and other heavy metal and NO as vanadic anhydride, titanium oxide, tungsten compound or analog xHigh score from removing speed.
Calcium hydroxide confirms it is particularly advantageous because of its high respond face for sulphur compound and chlorine compound as the sorbent composition.At this, if for example carbon dioxide exists in fluid to be clean also thus by Ca (OH) 2Generate calcium carbonate, then particle intensity is in sorption process even increase.
The sorbent of forming by multiple sorbent component of the present invention also verified aspect the preparation property be particularly advantageous.It is easy to become when particularly, preparation of granules exists calcium hydroxide and active carbon at the same time.The form that sorbent generally can produce from granulation process is used like that, for example is that 1-8mm uses with the granularity, and wherein especially preferred granularity is 2-6mm.
In many cases, chemisorption material of the present invention has just had enough hole surfaces from producing beginning, and wherein preferred BET surface area is 50m 2/ g is also optional bigger.Astoundingly, porosity can very well be reproduced.
The special advantage of sorbent material of the present invention is, the hole surface of particle shows as additivity to a certain extent for the hole surface of the single composition of this material in the particle of making.
For a series of operating positions, the regulation of certain accumulation intensity has shown it is special choice criteria.Therefore, described intensity is not at single particle, but at the specific accumulation body of particle and determine.
From the particle formed by the mixture of at least two kinds of sorbents for self separately for, promptly except the method for using claim 1 of the present invention, also can advantageously use, and it has self independently creative meaning.
Above mention and claim in required for protection and describe in an embodiment by the present invention's member to be used its size, shaped design, material select and technical conceive aspect be not subjected to special restriction, make that known choice criteria can be used without restriction in application.
The further details of theme of the present invention, feature and advantage obtain from dependent claims, and from obtaining the description to relevant drawings and table subsequently, therein-and an embodiment of way of example-demonstration sintering belt gas purification.
Show selectable three block diagrams that may scheme be used to implement the inventive method in the accompanying drawing.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 1, the waste gas that produces on sintering belt is input to self known electrofilter by pipeline 11.Dust in this generation is carried the ligament that flashes back by pipeline 12.The waste gas of overflowing from electrofilter is by pipeline 13 inputs self known bag hose 30, wherein in the waste gas of calcium hydroxide intake pipeline 13 to generate the flying dust cloud, so that with SO 2Be attached on the calcium hydroxide to a great extent with HCl.After recovery, especially for improving stoichiometric ratio, the filter cake that increases on filter hose can further use, and this is undertaken by partly further using with its importing circulation and in order to form the flying dust cloud.Being used to guarantee sufficiently improve pressure at the air blast 14 of the gas vent arranged downstream of bag hose 30 moves with the realization system.The sintered discharge gas of overflowing by pipeline 15 is with self known mode and NH 3Mix, then with its input at the base plate that becomes a mandarin with the moving-burden bed reactor system 50 of counter-current operation.The preferred design of described base plate is as described in European patent specification 257 653 B1.Directly import waste stack 60 and be released into atmosphere by the gas that pipeline 16 is overflowed through purifying.
The bulk material layer 54 that forms in moving-burden bed reactor system 50 is made up of for example activated carbon particles.Because SO in bag hose 30 2, HCl separated basically with dust and removed, so only also need the SO with residual volume in moving-burden bed reactor 50 2And HCl, for example the separation of 5mg/ standard cubic meter is removed.Be equally applicable to the dust of surplus, it also comprises mercury and other heavy metal by bag hose 30-.Harmful substance mentioned above is directly in the zone that becomes a mandarin, and promptly the particle layer above the base plate 52 and being right after of becoming a mandarin is arranged in it deposits (Phase I) with absorption, absorption or adhesion mode.Adsorbent layer above being arranged in (Phase), sintered discharge gas only also contain NO basically x, two  English/furans and other possible harmful substance composition, for example PCB and/or PAK, it combines once more with from the new system of top or the adsorbent or the absorbent of regeneration.At this, under the catalytic action of active carbon, NO xAnd NH 3Basically form water vapour and nitrogen.
In this embodiment, active carbon is partly supplied with sintering belt 10 through pipeline 17,17 ' after taking out from moving-burden bed reactor 50, to be used as the fuel in the sintering process, and remainder is through pipeline 17,17 " import self known regeneration stage 70, from this stage by the storage bin 56 of importing the moving-burden bed reactor system through the adsorbent of regeneration by pipeline 18 once more.By pipeline 17, the active carbon input screening plant 80 that consumes, from this device the particulate that sieves out is imported sintering belt for burning by pipeline 17 ', and the coarse grain that produces is by pipeline 17 " the input stage of reaction 70, make undersize not turn back to the moving-burden bed reactor system.The material that produces in regeneration 70 is as SO 2,, make only a spot of harmful substance to be imported circulation by the sintered discharge gas that pipeline 19 imports in bag hose 30 upstreams.
According to the embodiment of Fig. 2 be with embodiment difference according to Fig. 1, at the known wet washing device 90 of electrofilter 20 arranged downstream self, rather than bag hose, in described wet washing device, adopt milk of lime to carry out wet washing, so that with SO 2As far as possible basically, separate with HCl and to remove.Therefore, the waste gas that comes out is backheat once more in heat exchanger 100 at first, imports active carbon adsorber (moving-burden bed reactor system 50) by air blast 14 and ammonia adding device 40 then.The latter has identical structure in all three embodiment.In moving-burden bed reactor 50, supply with the active carbon of new system in each case, and the active carbon through consuming that produces is imported sintering belt fully by pipeline 17 and 17 ' and is used for burning in discharge device 58.Harmful substance to be removed identical in the stage 20,30 and 50 basically as in embodiment 1 in the stage 20,90 and 50.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 3, it constitutes especially simply, with the difference of the embodiment that formerly carries out be to abandon for the second preliminary clearning stage (bag hose or wet washing device).The upstream connects is used for acid ingredient, as SO 2, HCl and HF cleansing phase, therefore also abolish.Replace it, use special adsorbent or absorbent in the moving-burden bed reactor system, it is made up of the particle that the mixture of lime and active carbon constitutes, as described in the beginning part.Possible thus is to remove whole SO of generation in the phase I 2And HCl, make catalyst in the Phase not be subjected to the infringement of these compositions.
The embodiment of all three system forms:
The temperature of waste gas is generally 100 ℃-150 ℃ among Phase I and the II.Before waste gas purification and afterwards typical waste gas is formed and is shown in the table.
Thick gas Purge gas
Two  English 3-10 0.1-0.5 ng/m 3
SO 2 700 ＜50 mg/m 3
HCl 50 ＜5 mg/m 3
NO x 350 ＜100 mg/m 3
List of reference signs:
10 sintering belts
11 pipelines
12 pipelines
13 pipelines
14 air blasts
15 pipelines
16 pipelines
17 pipelines
17 ' pipeline
17 " pipeline
18 pipelines
19 pipelines
20 electrofilters
30 bag hoses
40NH 3-adding device
50 moving-burden bed reactor systems
52 base plates that become a mandarin
54 bulk material layers
56 storage bins
58 discharge devices
60 chimneys
70 regeneration stages
80 screening plants
90 wet washing devices
100 heat exchangers

Claims (18)

1. be used for purifying the method for waste gas of the sintering process of the ore of making as the metallic waste material that is derived from recirculating process or at metal, ore materials wherein, optionally together with other metallic material, carry out the sintering of materials with the fuel that to small part is solid, the burning and the experience low temperature distillation technology of described solid material wherein take place to small part
Wherein sintered discharge gas is except containing component CO 2, CO, O 2, H 2O and/or N 2Also contain in the following harmful substance component at least some outward: NO x, SO 2, HCl, Hg, two  English, furans, dust and be derived from distilling or the condensable residue of low temperature distillation technology, heavy hydrocarbon and/or heavy metal,
It is characterized in that, optionally after the preliminary clearning stage, in the moving-burden bed reactor system,, in same moving bed, at least two stages, from sintered discharge gas, remove described harmful substance component basically, wherein by at least a adsorbent and/or absorbent
In the moving bed lower floor that directly becomes a mandarin the zone and optionally be close to, at least a described gasified harmful substance matter component S O harmful to catalyst 2, HCl can distil or coagulable residue, heavy hydrocarbon and heavy metal and possible potassium compound and/or sodium compound, with absorb or suction type combined, and described granular component adhered to, and wherein
In the described layer region regional and the optionally moving bed lower floor of adjacency vicinity that directly becomes a mandarin, carry out denitrogenation to a great extent, and optionally, remove gaseous component with absorption or absorption pattern, as two  English and furans.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the moving-burden bed reactor system is counter-flow moving bed reactor assembly.
3. claim 1 or 2 method, it is characterized in that, in the moving-burden bed reactor system, circulate, wherein adsorbent and/or absorbent be removed in the moving bed bottom and the adsorbent of new system or regeneration and/or absorbent in the moving bed follow-up filling in upper end, this circulation is depended on the pressure loss of percolation and is decided, the described pressure loss is the pressure loss that the sintered discharge gas process percolation degree of depth or moving bed partial depth are stood, or depend on infringement and decide that described infringement is adsorbent and/or absorbent in the infringement that is caused by gaseous state that catalyst is harmful to and/or dust form component that becomes a mandarin the zone and optionally be subjected in contiguous lower floor.
4. each method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, sintered discharge gas is preliminary clearning and led electrofilter and/or the bag hose that connects in moving-burden bed reactor system upstream, and/or the reactant and/or the absorbent of employing segmentation in entrained flow, as lime dust and/or active carbon dust, remove the harmful substance component S O of part at least 2And HCl.
5. the method for claim 4 is characterized in that, the SO of sintered discharge gas in the preliminary clearning stage 2Content is reduced to about 30-100mg, preferably up to 5mg/ standard m 3
6. each method among the claim 1-5 is characterized in that, supplies with sintering belt from what the moving-burden bed reactor system took out through the adsorbent and/or the absorbent that consume or part consumes, is used for disposing, and for example acts as a fuel or fuel additive.
7. each method among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, adsorbent and/or absorbent by inessential stratiform by the adsorbent of carbon containing and/or absorbent active carbon and be used for the reactant of deleterious acidic material composition such as mixture that lime is formed is formed particularly, or the granular sorbent of the grain shape that is made of the mixture of at least two kinds of sorbents is formed.
8. each method among the claim 1-7 is characterized in that,, carries out preferably in 80 ℃ to 180 ℃ temperature range, and under 100 ℃-150 ℃ in the temperature that is higher than 80 ℃ by the gas purification of adsorbent and/or absorbent.
9. each method among the claim 1-8 is characterized in that, denitrogenation contains the compound of ammonium in interpolation, as carrying out under the condition of ammonia or urea.
10. each method among the claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, the adsorbent that to from moving-burden bed reactor, remove or absorbent screening, as adopt vibratory sieve to carry out, and carry out pneumatic separation then or simultaneously, with in order to corrode, to separate and remove undersize and/or separate and remove the dust that sticks on the sorbent particle.
11. each method is characterized in that among the claim 1-10, with adsorbent or absorbent regeneration or doping, to upgrade or the improvement catalytic performance.
12. the method for claim 11 is characterized in that, adds at least a reagent that is used to improve catalytic performance by doping way in described adsorbent or absorbent or its composition.
13. the method for claim 11 or 12 is characterized in that, mixes and adopts vanadic anhydride, titanium oxide and/or tungsten compound to carry out.
14. each method is characterized in that among the claim 11-13, is entrained in by various ingredients to prepare in the process of particle, for example in granulation process, carry out, or at least a in its each component, for example active carbon and/or calcium hydroxide carry out.
15. each method is characterized in that among the claim 11-14, is entrained in adsorbent or absorbent preparation back and is undertaken by the mode that adopts suspension to handle, and exists reagent or this suspension with catalytic action to be made up of it in the described suspension.
16. each method is characterized in that among the claim 11-15, adulterant is applied on described adsorbent and/or the absorbent with dust form and adheres to the there.
17. each method is characterized in that among the claim 11-16, the doping process in moving-burden bed reactor, carry out before the gas purification and/or during, undertaken by adopting air-flow to introduce adulterant, and/or replenish in this way.
18. the method for claim 17 is characterized in that, by introducing the catalytic performance of adulterant control or adjusting moving bed.
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