CN101124758A - 用于遥测数据的自适应带宽使用 - Google Patents

用于遥测数据的自适应带宽使用 Download PDF

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CN101124758A
CN101124758A CNA2005800320329A CN200580032032A CN101124758A CN 101124758 A CN101124758 A CN 101124758A CN A2005800320329 A CNA2005800320329 A CN A2005800320329A CN 200580032032 A CN200580032032 A CN 200580032032A CN 101124758 A CN101124758 A CN 101124758A
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罗伯特·D.·斯涂尔特兹
布拉德福德·L.·凯泽尔特
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/38Flow control; Congestion control by adapting coding or compression rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L69/326Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the transport layer [OSI layer 4]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L69/30Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/327Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the session layer [OSI layer 5]
    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

一种用于优化通信网络(100)中带宽使用的方法(400)。该通信网络可以包括数据源(105)和数据客户机(110)。响应发送到客户的置换位流(115)的至少一个通信参数(120)的测量值,数据源可以改变置换位流的置换格式。通信参数可以包括置换位流的数据接收时间(TRX)、数据等待时间和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)。通信参数可以作为遥测数据发送到数据源。置换格式的改变可以发生在例如会话层和/或传输层的开放系统互连(OSI)层中。

Description

用于遥测数据的自适应带宽使用
背景技术
网络带宽是大型通信系统中的关键资源。假定所有其它参数都相等,则可以在特定通信系统中传播的数据量与可用的网络带宽成比例。但是,由于例如服务损失、信号阻塞和堵塞的多种因素,因此可用的网络带宽会改变。
在有些通信系统中,数据是区分优先级的,且服务器的任务在于为指定了高优先级状态的数据提供最小带宽,以试图为高优先级的数据保证最小的服务质量(QoS)等级。QoS通常是以所发送数据的平均延迟、延迟变化及发送错误率测量的。但不幸地是,为高优先级数据维持最小带宽常常导致对高优先级数据带宽的重新分配,其中这些带宽分配给网络中的其它数据通信。
带宽重新分配方案一般基于事先安排的策略与预留标准。已知这种方案引起其它数据通信的传输错误,显著的数据丢失会发生。在有些情况下,例如在战术命令与控制系统中,这种通信错误是相当不希望的;但是,没有分配最高优先级的数据仍然可能是关键的。因此,需要一种解决方案来减少通信系统中的数据丢失,该通信系统中可用网络带宽可以改变。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于优化通信网络中带宽使用的方法。响应发送到数据客户机的置换位流的至少一个通信参数(多个通信参数)的测量值,置换位流的置换格式可以改变。格式的改变可以发生在例如会话层和/或传输层的开放系统互连(OSI)层中。通信参数可以包括置换位流的数据接收时间(TRx)、数据等待时间和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)。通信参数可以作为遥测数据从数据客户机发送到数据源。
在一种安排中,数据接收时间(TRx)可以与数据发送时间(TTx)进行比较,以确定数据等待时间。基于该数据等待时间,可以选择新置换格式定义且置换位流可以根据新置换格式定义格式化。这个步骤可以包括比较数据等待时间与参考等待时间值。
在另一种安排中,有效接收数据率(DEff)可以与发送数据率(DTx)进行比较,以确定数据率差值。基于该数据率差值,可以选择新置换格式定义。而在另一种安排中,新置换格式定义可以基于数据等待时间与数据率差值,并可以基于这些参数选择新置换格式定义。
本发明还涉及包括置换引擎的数据源,该置换引擎响应从数据客户机接收到通信参数而改变发送到数据客户机的置换位流的置换格式。同样,通信参数可以包括置换位流的数据接收时间(TRx)、数据等待时间和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)。置换引擎可以基于数据等待时间选择新置换格式定义并可以利用该新置换格式定义格式化置换位流。例如,置换引擎可以比较数据等待时间与参考数据等待时间值,以选择置换格式定义。在另一种安排中,置换引擎可以比较有效接收数据率(DEff)与发送数据率(DTx),以确定数据率差值。基于该数据率差值,置换引擎可以选择新置换格式定义并利用该新置换格式定义格式化置换位流。而在另一种安排中,置换引擎可以基于数据等待时间与数据率差值选择新置换格式定义。
本发明还涉及包括数据源和数据客户机的通信网络,其中数据源包括置换引擎,而数据客户机包括反置换引擎。数据客户机可以测量从数据源接收到的置换位流的通信参数并将这些通信参数作为通信参数发送到数据源。通信参数可以例如作为遥测数据发送。然后,数据源可以选择新置换格式定义并改变置换位流的置换格式。
附图说明
图1是有利于理解本发明的通信网络的图。
图2是说明有利于理解本发明的串行位流数据格式的图。
图3是说明有利于理解本发明的另一种串行位流数据格式的图。
图4是有利于理解实现自适应带宽使用的方法的流程图。
图5是描述开放系统互连(OSI)标准的层的图,该标准有利于理解本发明的方法。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的实施方式涉及当利用置换位流发送数据时用于提供自适应和可预测带宽使用的系统与方法。当数据由数据客户机从数据源接收时,与数据发送关联的参数,例如接收时间与有效接收数据率,可以被测量并作为通信参数传播回数据源。在一种安排中,通信参数可以作为遥测数据传播到数据源。
数据源可以评估所测量的参数,以确定置换位流的置换格式是否是最优的。如果置换位流不是最优格式化的,则可以实现不同的置换格式。特别地,当所测量的参数指示较少的带宽可用时,可以选择新置换格式来使用较少的带宽,或者当所测量的参数指示更多的带宽可用时,使用更多的带宽。因此,本发明可以可预测的方式动态调整带宽的使用,以便在改变网络状态的过程中优化数据传输。
特别地,数据源的数据传输优化处理可以在网络层之上的开放系统互连(OSI)层中实现。例如,数据传输优化处理可以在会话层和/或传输层中实现。因此,本发明独立于所使用的网络协议或网络硬件,因此不需要对网络硬件或软件的改变就可以在现有的通信网络中实现。
有利于理解本发明的通信网络100的例子在图1中描述。通信网络100可以包括广域网(WAN)、局域网(LAN)、遥测系统、公共交换电话网络(PSTN)、公共交换数据网络(PSDN)、内联网、因特网、移动无线电通信网络、蜂窝电话通信网络和/或任何其它合适的通信网络。
数据源105和数据客户机110可以作为通信网络100的节点通信连接。数据源105可以是操作上连接到通信网络100的处理设备,且通信网络100可以将置换位流115传播到数据客户机110。类似地,数据客户机110可以是操作上连接到通信网络100的处理设备,其中通信网络100可以从数据源105接收置换位流115。作为响应,数据客户机110可以产生与数据发送关联的通信参数120并将通信参数120发送到数据源105。
数据源105和数据客户机110每个都可以是计算机,例如服务器、工作站、个人计算机、便携式计算机、专用处理系统或可以利用置换位流通信的任何其它设备或系统。此外,数据源105和数据客户机110每个都可以包括相应的处理器125、160。处理器125、160可以是中央处理单元(CPU)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)或任何其它合适的处理器。作为例子,数据源105和/或数据客户机110可以是紧急响应系统、战场管理系统、卫星系统、安全系统、运输系统、健康监视系统、环境监视系统、能量提供系统、通信系统或任何其它系统的组件,在这些系统中可用带宽可以改变。
数据源105可以包括用于发送和接收数据的网络接口130。网络接口130可以是例如调制解调器或收发器。调制解调器和收发器对本领域技术人员是众所周知的。特别地,网络接口130可以通过通信网络100发送置换位流115和接收通信参数120。置换网络115可以利用任何合适的消息协议发送。这种消息协议对本领域技术人员也是已知的。
数据源105还可以包括产生置换位流115的置换引擎135。置换引擎135可以包括输出模块140和格式化器模块145。格式化器模块145可以根据置换格式定义155将数据150放置到置换位流115中。输出模块140可以应用适当的消息协议来在通信网络100上传送置换位流115。
如在此所定义的,置换位流是包含多个散布的数据项的连续数据流。置换位流115可以根据定义置换位流115结构的一种或多种置换格式定义155组织。例如,置换格式定义155可以定义什么数据项包括在置换位流115中、定义用于数据项的采样率、定义置换位流115中数据项的位置、定义为每个数据项分配了多少位和/或定义任何其它的位流参数。此外,置换格式定义155可以提供有条件的格式化。例如,置换格式定义155可以包括布尔逻辑和/或有条件语句。
置换格式定义155可以包含在数据存储设备中,其中数据存储设备包含在或通信链接到数据源105。例如,数据存储设备可以是电存储介质、光存储介质、磁存储介质、磁-光存储介质或可以存储数据的任何其它类型存储介质。在一种安排中,置换格式定义155可以包含在数据表中。但是,在这方面本发明不受限制。例如,置换格式定义155可以数据文件、文本文件或以任何其它合适的方式存储。此外,置换格式定义155可以被替换、附加或删除,而且可以添加新置换格式定义以改变可用的置换格式选项。
数据客户机110可以包括用于发送和接收数据的网络接口165。网络接口165可以用于接收置换位流115并发送通信参数120。数据客户机110还可以包括反置换置换位流115以产生复制数据185的反置换引擎170。反置换引擎170可以包括输入模块175和去格式化器模块180。输入模块175可以接收置换位流115并翻译置换位流115以便除去消息协议信息。
去格式化器模块180可以根据置换格式定义190从置换位流115解析数据150。置换格式定义190可以与置换格式定义155关联。例如,置换格式定义190可以与置换格式定义155类似或完全一样。同样,置换格式定义190可以包含在数据存储器中。
去格式化器模块180可以分析置换位流115,以选择合适的置换格式定义190。例如,去格式化器模块180可以从置换位流115解析一个或多个置换格式标识符。置换格式标识符可以包含在包(或帧)头、尾中或置换位流115中任何其它合适的位置。
置换与反置换引擎及相关模块与功能的其它细节在共同受让的美国专利号6,048,366和6,256,602、于2003年5月27日提交的共同受让的美国专利申请号10/445,540及共同受让的国际专利申请号WO01/55874中公开,这些公开内容在此全部引入作为参考。在冲突的情况下,以包括定义的本说明书为准。
在操作中,数据源105可以通过通信网络100将置换位流115发送到数据客户机110。数据客户机110可以测量与置换位流115的发送关联的参数,并将所测量的参数作为通信参数120发送到数据源105。在一种安排中,通信参数120可以作为遥测数据发送。
所测量的参数可以包括置换位流115发送的数据接收时间(TRx)、数据等待时间和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)。这种参数可以由数据客户机110利用本领域技术人员已知的任何合适的处理和/或组件测量。例如,网络接口165和/或反置换引擎170可以测量有效接收数据率(DEff)。处理器160和数据客户机系统时钟(未示出)可以用于给由数据客户机110接收的数据的接收时间(TRx)记时间戳。这个数据接收时间(TRx)可以与数据发送时间(TTx)进行比较,以确定数据等待时间,其中数据发送时间(TTx)可以作为时间戳包括在置换位流115中。数据接收时间(TRx)与数据发送时间(TTx)的比较可以由数据客户机的处理器160执行,其是数据客户机110接收数据的实际速率。
可选地,数据接收时间(TRx)可以由数据源105在通信参数120中接收,且数据源105可以利用处理器125和合适的处理确定数据等待时间。可选地,数据源105可以在通信参数120中接收有效接收数据率(DEff),并比较置换位流115的有效接收数据率(DEff)与发送数据率(DTx),以确定数据率差值。如在此所定义的,术语“数据率差值”意思是置换位流115的有效接收数据率(DEff)与发送数据率(DTx)之间的差值。发送数据率(DTx)可以由数据源的网络接口130和/或置换引擎135测量。该数据率差值可以用于在从数据源105到数据客户机110的发送过程中识别网络丢弃的任何数据。
而在另一种安排中,数据接收时间(TRx)、数据发送时间(TTx)、发送数据率(DTx)和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)可以传播到另一处理设备或系统(未示出)。然后,该另一处理设备或系统可以评估这种参数,以确定数据等待时间和/或数据率差值并将这个信息传送到数据源105。而且,可以实现其它方法,以确定数据等待时间和数据率差值,但本发明不限于这方面。
数据源105、数据客户机110或其它系统可以处理数据等待时间和/或数据率差值,以确定置换位流115的置换格式是否是最优的。如果置换位流115不是最优格式化的,则置换引擎135可以实现不同的置换格式。如所指出的,当所测量参数指示较少的带宽可用时,可以选择新置换格式来使用较少的带宽,或者当所测量参数指示更多的带宽可用时,使用更多的带宽。例如,如果数据等待时间高和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)低于发送数据率(DTx),则这将指示数据源105以对通信网络100中可用的带宽来说太高的数据率发送置换位流115。相反,如果数据等待时间低和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)等于或高于发送数据率(DTx),则这将指示数据源105正以不使用所有可用带宽的数据率发送置换位流115。因此,可以选择置换格式定义155来减小或增加正用于发送置换位流115的带宽量。
在一种安排中,可以评估有效接收数据率(DEff)和/或数据等待时间,以估计可用带宽。例如,可以基于这些参数执行确定可用带宽的算法。可选地,可以提供关联这种信息与可用带宽的查找表。
置换格式定义155可以基于所估计的可用带宽选择。例如,每种置换格式定义155都可以具有指示什么时候相应的置换格式定义155应当使用的指示符。例如,指示符可以指示相应的置换格式定义155应当使用的最小和/或最大可用带宽。当每次可用带宽中的最小变化量发生时和/或每周期性间隔可以访问相应的指示符来选择最优的置换格式定义155。
在其中数据客户机110或其它系统确定置换位流115的置换格式是否为最优的实施方式中,数据客户机110(或其它系统)可以向数据源105发送指示应当选择新置换格式定义155的请求。在其中数据源105确定置换位流115的置换格式是否为最优的实施方式中,数据源105可以选择新置换格式定义155。
在置换位流115中发送的数据项可以区分优先级,使得对于每个相应的置换格式中的给定时间段,为特定数据项分配最小数量的时隙。因此,如果可用带宽减少,则赋予高优先级的数据仍然可以期望的发送速率发送,而低优先级的数据可以低发送速率发送。参考图2,示出了说明置换位流115例子的图,其中置换位流115以为给定可用带宽优化的第一置换格式定义格式化。如所示出的,置换位流115包含在时隙225中发送的多个数据项。例如,置换位流115可以包含第一数据项205、第二数据项210、第三数据项215及其它数据项220。
参考图3,示出了根据第二置换格式定义格式化的置换位流115的例子的图。如果可用带宽减少,则可以选择第二置换格式定义。在这个例子中,第一数据项205赋予了高优先级状态,而第二、第三和第四数据项210、215、220没有。尽管第二置换格式定义的使用降低了置换位流11 5的波特率,但分配给第一数据项205的时隙225的个数并没有改变。因此,可用带宽中的改变对第一数据项205的传输影响很小。
在这个例子中,只有单个数据项分配了高优先级状态,但本发明在这方面不受限制。重要的是,可以建立多个优先级等级,且任意数量的数据项-或一个都没有-可以分配给每个优先级等级。分配给每个数据项的时隙个数可以基于发送波特率和分配给每个优先级等级的数据项个数确定。
在图4中示出了表示方法400的流程图,其中方法400提供了当在置换位流中发送数据时的自适应和可预测带宽使用。如在此所说明的,方法400可以包括几个步骤。在步骤405开始,可以选择第一置换格式定义。继续到步骤410,数据可以通过通信网络在根据所选置换格式定义格式化的置换位流中发送到数据客户机。数据客户机可以确定例如数据接收时间(TRx)和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)的接收参数,并将参数中的一个或两个作为通信参数返回。前进到步骤415,数据接收时间(TRx)和/或有效接收数据率(DEff)参数可以从数据客户机接收。
例如,参考步骤420,数据接收时间(TRx)可以与数据发送时间(TTx)进行比较,以确定数据等待时间。在步骤425,有效接收数据率(DEff)可以与发送数据率(DTx)进行比较,以确定数据率差值。继续到判定框430,如果置换位流的置换格式是最优的,则更多的数据可以利用已经选择的置换格式定义发送到数据客户机,如在步骤410所示出的。但是,如果置换位流的置换格式不是最优的,则如在步骤435所示出的,可以选择为数据等待时间与率差值优化的新置换格式定义。在步骤410,更多数据可以利用新置换格式定义发送。在通信会话保持活动的情况下,处理可以继续。
参考图5,示出了描述开放系统互连(OSI)标准的七层500的图,其中OSI可以定义其中实现上述方法的通信网络的结构。这七层500可以包括应用层505、表示层510、会话层515、传输层520、网络层525、数据链路层530及物理层535。特别地,该方法可以在网络层525之上的层中实现。例如,该方法可以在会话层515和/或传输层520中实现。因此,本发明独立于正使用的网络协议或网络硬件,因此不需要对网络硬件或软件进行改变就可以在现有通信网络中实现。
本发明可以在硬件、软件或硬件与软件的组合中实现。本发明可以集中方式在一个计算机系统中实现,或者以其中不同元件散布在几个互连的计算机系统中的分布方式实现。用于执行在此所述方法的任何类型的计算机系统或其它装置都是合适的。硬件与软件的典型组合可以是具有计算机程序的通用计算机系统,计算机程序当被加载并执行时,该计算机程序控制计算机系统使其执行在此所述的方法。
本发明还可以嵌入到计算机程序产品中,该计算机程序产品包括使得能够实现在此所述方法的所有特征而且当加载到计算机系统中时能够执行这些方法。本环境下的计算机程序或应用程序指一组指令的以任何语言、代码或符号的任何表达,该组指令要使具有信息处理能力的系统直接地或者在以下两步中的一步或两步之后执行特定功能:a)转换成其它语言、代码或符号;b)以不同材料形式再现。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于优化通信网络中带宽使用的方法,包括:
响应发送到数据客户机的置换位流的至少一个通信参数的测量值,改变该置换位流的置换格式。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括选择所述至少一个通信参数,以包括选自置换位流的数据接收时间(TRx)、数据等待时间及有效接收数据率(DEff)的至少一个参数。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中改变置换格式的步骤还包括:
比较数据接收时间(TRx)与数据发送时间(TTx),以确定数据等待时间;
基于该数据等待时间,选择新的置换格式定义;及
利用该新的置换格式定义格式化该置换位流。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中改变置换格式的步骤还包括:
比较有效接收数据率(DEff)与发送数据率(DTx),以确定数据率差值;
基于该数据率差值,选择新的置换格式定义;及
利用该新的置换格式定义格式化该置换位流。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中改变置换格式的步骤还包括:
比较数据接收时间(TRx)与数据发送时间(TTx),以确定数据等待时间;
比较有效接收数据率(DEff)与发送数据率(DTx),以确定数据率差值;
基于该数据等待时间和数据率差值,选择新的置换格式定义;及
利用该新的置换格式定义格式化该置换位流。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在选自会话层和传输层的至少一个开放系统互连(OSI)层中定义要发生的改变格式的步骤。
7.一种数据源,包括:
置换引擎,响应置换位流的至少一个通信参数的测量值,改变正发送到数据客户机的置换位流的置换格式。
8.如权利要求7所述的数据源,其中所述至少一个通信参数包括选自置换位流的数据接收时间(TRx)、数据等待时间及有效接收数据率(DEff)的至少一个参数。
9.如权利要求8所述的数据源,其中用于改变置换格式的数据源处理在选自会话层和传输层的至少一个开放系统互连(OSI)层中运行。
10.一种通信网络,包括:
数据源,包括置换引擎;及
数据客户机,包括反置换引擎;
其中数据客户机测量从数据源接收到的置换位流的至少一个通信参数,并将该至少一个通信参数发送到数据源;及
其中数据源响应接收到该至少一个通信参数而改变置换位流的置换格式。
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