CN101124386B - Method and device for calculating energy and technical processes - Google Patents
Method and device for calculating energy and technical processes Download PDFInfo
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- CN101124386B CN101124386B CN2006800055949A CN200680005594A CN101124386B CN 101124386 B CN101124386 B CN 101124386B CN 2006800055949 A CN2006800055949 A CN 2006800055949A CN 200680005594 A CN200680005594 A CN 200680005594A CN 101124386 B CN101124386 B CN 101124386B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for calculating energy and technical processes. A method for calculating energy and technical processes, particularly the heat circuit of power plants, uses a computational model based upon at least one balance equation of the first law of thermodynamics. The calculation is carried out in the form of an optimization calculation into which at least one technical boundary condition, which is formulated in the form of an inequality, enters as a secondary condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of computation model that calculates by at least one equation of equilibrium and come the method and apparatus of the thermal cycle energy process and the technological process process of calculating energy process and technological process process, especially power station based on first law of thermodynamics, and a kind of device of implementing this method.
Background technique
In a kind of these class methods commonly known in the art, the static technique process in energy process and the technological process process field is expressed as mathematical model by physical model.This model has the equation of equilibrium (quality, energy and momentum balance) of first law of thermodynamics.In addition, can also come to be the particular variables of this model specific value given in advance by inserting boundary conditions with the form of equation.For example, can be given in advance, the new steam jet cold water that produces in temperature conditioning unit not.Following condition is introduced in the formula of model for this reason:
m
Spray=0 (1)
This model is made up of the vector with n equation and same number of known variables altogether.Such system is called electrical secondary system.
In the scope of phase 1, set up after the equation of equation of equilibrium and definition boundary conditions, found the solution first approximate solution of this system of equations by Newton iteration by the simulator program in the scope of phase 2.Simulator program utilizes phase 1 by approximate solution checking boundary conditions equation and the correct where necessary found again in view of the above.
At this and the above example explicitly, also to roughly check the temperature of determined initial steam whether to surpass specific boundary value, like this, introduce the boundary conditions of equation form in this case, wherein, the temperature of initial steam is defined as this boundary value.On the contrary, given cold water is introduced the introducing rate of temperature conditioning unit with no longer pre-determining, but it is defined as variable.This means boundary conditions m
Spray=0 takes out from system of equations, and this causes next approximate solution to comprise m
SprayThe value that calculates.Thus, simulation algorithm enters into mutually 2 again, also will carry out further Newton iteration at this in mutually.Mutually 1 and mutually 2 generals repetition iteratively always is until finding variable and meet the desired the tolerance limit of calculus of approximation in expected bandwidth.
The enforcement of this algorithm is comparatively loaded down with trivial details and so and consuming time.Must carry out validity check again to separating also of obtaining like this.Check the logic error that this is separated at this.This for example comprises whether the temperature of testing heat-exchanger output terminal is higher than the temperature of its input end.Other logical checking comprises whether occurring separating for the negative of variable, and such separating is excluded for these variablees.If find non-authenticity in mutually, then must make amendment and recomputate in view of the above whole simulation model at this.Manually carry out error identification and need the big inspection of expense mostly.
Summary of the invention
EP 0731397A1 discloses a kind of system that is used to optimize power plant's benefit.The purpose of this system is to make the overall cost minimum of operation power plant under the situation that satisfies steam and power demand and different restrictive condition.Adopt dynamic programming for this reason.
Therefore the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the above shortcoming, especially proposes a kind of method and apparatus that is used for calculating energy process and technological process process, utilizes it to calculate quickly and can eliminate mistake more simply sooner.
In such computation optimization, optimized Algorithm is determined scope internal object minimum of a function value or the maximum value described by the subordinate condition of equation or inequality form.Can use nonlinear programming (NLP) method in order for example to optimize.By at least one technology boundary conditions is introduced in the computation optimization as the subordinate condition, can in computation optimization, consider upper and lower bound for optimization variable.With above example explicitly, for example can be by being considered as the inequality of subordinate condition:
T
Initial steam＜T
Max(2)
With the temperature limitation of the initial steam introduced under maximum temperature.
According to the present invention, separating usually of optimization problem is expressed as follows mathematics:
Subordinate condition c (x)=0 (4)
h(x)≤0 (5)
x
L≤x≤x
U (6)
Wherein,
Φ minimizes or maximized objective function for waiting;
The vector that the optimization variable that x serves as reasons continuous constitutes, having n will be by the definite element of computation optimization;
C be have m element, by the vector that the boundary conditions function of representing with equation form is formed, wherein these boundary conditions functions mainly are made of the equation of equilibrium of first law of thermodynamics;
The vector that h is made up of the boundary conditions function of representing with the inequality form;
x
LBy the vector that the fixedly lower limit of optimization variable constitutes, the some of them lower limit can be-∞, and in this case, variable shows as does not have lower limit;
Note that representation (5) and (6) all are expressed as the boundary conditions of inequality form, only is the simplification of representing according to the corresponding inequality of representation (5) according to the expression of the upper and lower bound of representation (6).
The present invention is based on such cognition, that is,, can carry out the intrinsic calculating of all technology boundary conditionss by the calculating of the physical model of implementing according to the form with computation optimization of the present invention.Can in common computing cycle, calculate corresponding energy process and technological process process thus.Operation of the iteration in various computing stage and the boundary conditions coupling of carrying out therebetween, just no longer needed as in the prior art calculating based on simulation model.Owing to will carry out the global optimization of system in addition, therefore can faster elimination to particular variables with the possible mistake in the threshold value form boundary conditions given in advance.In fact threshold value for the possible non-coupling of variable is easy to find out from optimize the result, because the general threshold value with non-coupling of variate-value that is calculated by optimized Algorithm has very big difference.Because optimized Algorithm will be optimized the integrity of a lot of variablees, therefore corresponding each variable and keep clear of the threshold value of non-coupling in optimizing the result, because exceedingly degenerate as the border otherwise this result generally can optimize the result for much failing to other variable significant adverse, can making thus.
In preferred development design of the present invention, at least one logical condition is introduced in the computation optimization as the subordinate boundary conditions.Preferably this at least one logical condition is introduced in the computation optimization with the form of inequality.Such logical condition for example can be that temperature on two diverse locations of a device is with the form phase crosscorrelation of inequality.Therefore for example can be given in advance, the temperature of heat exchanger input end must be higher than the temperature of heat exchanger output terminal.Because such logical condition is directly considered by computational methods in embodiments of the present invention, therefore need not this is carried out validity check later.
In according to computational methods of the present invention, preferably the secondary simulation Task Switching that will provide by the computing technique model is the optimization task.Be transferred in the objective function of computation optimization at this boundary conditions that will be present in equation form in the computing technique model.Now, equation of equilibrium remaining in the computing technique model is considered as the subordinate condition.
In addition, computation optimization also is preferably based on the secondary objective function of the minimum squared distance that is used for calculation optimization variable and threshold value given in advance.Like this, in the optimization task, want minimized objective function just by the squared-distance of optimization variable or the transfer function of being correlated with therewith and each corresponding threshold and form.Utilize such objective function can find threshold value unmatched, that select quickly, and debug apace therefrom.Its reason is, separating of being found by computation optimization, the integrity of optimization variable approaches each corresponding threshold as much as possible.If but a specific threshold value is non-match selection, then will be the with it corresponding variable of optimized Algorithm slightly, approximate ignore near this threshold value, if make thus this and in the distance of other variable and its threshold value rise greatly, and this angle from technology sees it is the inconsistent situation of each threshold value.Usually can identify the so unmatched threshold value in the separating that computation optimization draws thus owing to the big distance of optimization variable and its threshold value immediately, and carry out autotelic correction thus.
But some optimized Algorithm utilize linear objective function work Billy more effective with the work of secondary objective function, and especially the secondary objective function produces the item in a large amount of Hesse matrixes in some algorithms, can make the renewal of Hesse matrix that too much degrees of freedom is arranged thus.Therefore, adopt such algorithm suitable be that computation optimization is based on linear objective function.
Preferred in addition, in computation optimization, also introduce one at least as the technology boundary conditions subordinate condition, that be expressed as equation.Flexibility when this has improved the definition optimization problem.
Suitable in addition is to derive a logical condition at least from second law of thermodynamics.This means and the specific inequality between the temperature on the system's diverse location that is drawn by second law of thermodynamics can be introduced in the computation optimization as the subordinate condition.Thus, for the authenticity examination of separating found by computational algorithm just in irreversible process necessary entropy increase just become unnecessary.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of device that is used to implement the inventive method.
Description of drawings
Below will describe in detail embodiments of the present invention by accompanying drawing.Wherein,
Fig. 1 schematically shows two by the solution space with the optimization variable of the technology boundary conditions of inequality form restriction.
Embodiment
The mode of execution of the following description of the present invention is used for the calculating of the thermal cycle of thermoelectricity plant.At first describe thermal cycle by the equation of equilibrium c (x) (quality, energy and momentum balance) of the law of thermodynamics, this equation of equilibrium is as optimization variable x for this reason
iFunction.In view of the above, define these optimization variable x
iThreshold value y
S, iOr employing inner transformation vector b (x
i) and by optimization variable x
iThe threshold value y of the variable that draws
S, iSuch inner transformation vector b (x
i) for example can represent the entropy that provides in advance as threshold value and the temperature that provides in advance as optimization variable between relation.Be optimization variable x in addition
iThe boundary conditions h (x) of definition inequality form.
Referring to Fig. 1, can be for example by inequality m
SprayIt is 0 value that the new water rate that will spray initial steam in temperature conditioning unit in 〉=0 the boundary conditions is defined as minimum.Another boundary conditions can be with the temperature (T of initial steam
Initial steam) be limited in maximum of T
Max(T
Initial steam≤ T
Max).But these two optimization variable m
SprayAnd T
Initial steamBe complementary on function, because feed the temperature that water-spraying can reduce initial steam more.This functional dependence is included among the equation of equilibrium c (x).In addition, can also pass through lower limit x
LWith upper limit x
ULimit specific optimization variable.
Thus, the following optimization problem that is used for the minimum squared distance of calculation optimization variable and threshold value given in advance is expressed as:
Subordinate condition: c (x)=0 (8)
h(x)≤0 (9)
x
L≤x≤x
U (10)
Can utilize suitable optimized Algorithm to separate this optimization problem thus.As a result of the value for optimization variable of Huo Deing gets the greatest degree of optimization, make they and predetermined threshold squared-distance and take minimum.If provide in advance for optimization variable x for system
iUnmatched threshold value, then in separating, can identify this inconsistent threshold value immediately because compare with the result of other variable by the value that computation optimization as a result of provides, have remarkable distance with its corresponding threshold for this variable.Then, for such situation, variables corresponding is revised threshold value and repeated whole computation optimization.
As to the substituting of above-mentioned minimum secondary solution formula, can also select linear solution formula as follows:
Subordinate condition y
s-b (x)=p-u (12)
p，u≥0 (13)
c(x)＝0 (14)
h(x)≤0 (15)
x
L≤x≤x
U (16)
At this, p, u are auxiliary variable.So objective function
Be linear.Some are separated algorithm and utilize linear objective function work more effective.
Claims (11)
1. method that is used for coming calculating energy process and technological process process by computing technique model based at least one equation of equilibrium of first law of thermodynamics, described calculating is implemented with the form of computation optimization, it is characterized in that, in this computation optimization to two optimization variable (x
i) in each introduce a technology boundary conditions with the inequality formal representation respectively as the subordinate condition, and these two optimization variable (x
i) on function, interdepend.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described energy process and technological process process are the energy process and the technological process processes of power station thermal cycle.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at least one logical condition is introduced in the described computation optimization as the subordinate condition.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the secondary simulation Task Switching that will provide by described computing technique model is the optimization task.
5. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described computation optimization is based on being used for calculation optimization variable (x
i) with the secondary objective function of the minimum squared distance of threshold value given in advance.
6. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described computation optimization is based on linear objective function.
7. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also introduces one at least as the technology boundary conditions subordinate condition, that be expressed as equation in described computation optimization.
8. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also introduces one at least as the technology boundary conditions subordinate condition, that be expressed as equation in described computation optimization.
9. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, derives a logical condition at least from second law of thermodynamics.
10. one kind is used for calculating energy process and technological process process apparatus, has computing device, be used for coming calculating energy process and technological process process by computing technique model based at least one equation of equilibrium of first law of thermodynamics, wherein, described calculating is implemented with the form of computation optimization, it is characterized in that this computing device also is used in this computation optimization two complementary optimization variable (x on function
i) in each introduce a technology boundary conditions with the inequality formal representation respectively as the subordinate condition.
11. device according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described energy process and technological process process are the energy process and the technological process processes of power station thermal cycle.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05003691.2 | 2005-02-21 | ||
| EP05003691A EP1701005A1 (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2005-02-21 | Method and apparatus for the calculation of energy and technical processes |
| PCT/EP2006/060078 WO2006087382A2 (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2006-02-17 | Method and device for calculating energy and technical processes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101124386A CN101124386A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| CN101124386B true CN101124386B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
Family
ID=34933859
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800055949A Expired - Fee Related CN101124386B (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2006-02-17 | Method and device for calculating energy and technical processes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1701005A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101124386B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006087382A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110717273B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2023-03-17 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Technological process simulation boundary condition construction method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5886895A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1999-03-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Plant utility optimizing method and an optimizing system |
| WO2004011777A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-05 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rankine cycle system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5716719A (en) * | 1980-07-04 | 1982-01-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and equipment for controlling steam temperature in thermal power plant |
-
2005
- 2005-02-21 EP EP05003691A patent/EP1701005A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-02-17 CN CN2006800055949A patent/CN101124386B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-17 EP EP06708366A patent/EP1851417A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-17 WO PCT/EP2006/060078 patent/WO2006087382A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5886895A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1999-03-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Plant utility optimizing method and an optimizing system |
| WO2004011777A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-05 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rankine cycle system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101124386A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| EP1851417A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
| WO2006087382A3 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| EP1701005A1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
| WO2006087382A2 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
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