CN101119687A - 椎间植入物 - Google Patents

椎间植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101119687A
CN101119687A CNA2005800481227A CN200580048122A CN101119687A CN 101119687 A CN101119687 A CN 101119687A CN A2005800481227 A CNA2005800481227 A CN A2005800481227A CN 200580048122 A CN200580048122 A CN 200580048122A CN 101119687 A CN101119687 A CN 101119687A
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joint
intervertebral implant
convex
parts
joint piece
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CN101119687B (zh
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B·莱希曼
R·比尔基
M·加格
R·弗里格
M·H·迈耶
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AO Technology AG
Synthes GmbH
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Synthes AG Chur
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种椎间植入物(1)、特别是人造椎间盘，包括一中轴线(2)、一上部件(3)和一下部件(4)，其中上部件(3)具有一上对合面(5)，该上对合面适合贴靠在一个位于上方的椎骨体的底板上；下部件(4)具有一下对合面(6)，该下对合面适合贴靠在一个位于下方的椎骨体的盖板上；两个部件(3；4)其中之一具有一个凸形的关节件(12)，该凸形的关节件具有一凸形的滑动面(11)，并且两个部件(3；4)其中另一个具有一关节壳(13)，该关节壳具有一互补的凹形的滑动面(10)；凸形的关节件和关节壳构成一关节(9)，两个部件可以借助于所述关节彼此相对地围绕至少一个旋转轴线旋转；并且椎间植入物(1)可以透过X射线。

Description

椎间植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1的前序部分所述的椎间植入物、特别是人造椎间盘。
背景技术
如今在移除损坏的自然椎间盘或椎间盘的损坏的髓核后，将植入物或假体安装在两个邻近的椎骨体之间。这种植入物的植入目的在于重新形成尽可能自然的状态，即特别是重新建立最初的椎间盘高度和因此两个邻近的椎骨体之间的最初间距。此外邻近的椎骨体的彼此相对运动应当可以在不阻碍其自然的方式的情况下实施。为此重要的是，在椎骨体向前/向后倾斜时即弯曲和伸展时，以及在椎骨体侧向弯曲时，将运动可能性保持在自然的限度内。自然的韧带和肌肉沿脊柱基本上保持完整无缺的，从而这进一步稳定了机械的椎间盘替代物的运动。
例如由MEISEL的DE 203 20 454已知这样一种椎间盘植入物。这种已知的植入物包括两个贴靠在骨上的盖板和一个在设置在盖板之间的关节。这种关节基本上包括一个截球形的第一关节件和一个互补的作为第二关节件的关节壳，从而盖板可以彼此相对地沿多轴向回转。这种已知的椎间植入物的缺点在于，它对于X射线是不透明的并且因此在实现植入后不再允许观察相邻的椎骨体。
发明内容
在此本发明提供帮助。本发明的目的在于提供一种椎间植入物，其不仅对于磁共振影像(MRI)而且对于X射线都是透明的，因此允许借助于X射线进行手术后的观察并且同时具有高的MRI兼容性。
本发明通过一个具有权利要求1特征的椎间植入物、特别是人造椎间盘实现上述目的。
通过本发明实现的优点基本上在于，由于本发明的椎间植入物提高了MRI兼容性并且使得可以借助于X射线进行观察。
本发明的其它有利的构造在从属权利要求中给出。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中，上部件和下部件由一种可透过X射线的第一材料制成，而凸形的关节件和关节壳由不同的同样可透过X射线的第二材料制成。由此实现的优点主要在于，对于关节件可以使用具有特别有利的滑动及磨损特性的材料，而外部的部件可以由适合与骨接触的材料制成。
在另外一个实施方式中，椎间植入物的各单个部件由相同的材料制成。这个实施形式的优点在于，骨接触元件同样可以由陶瓷材料制成。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，用于上部件和下部件的可透过X射线的材料从由聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮、超高分子量的聚乙烯、聚砜构成的组中选择。
在一个另外的实施方式中，凸形的关节件和关节壳由一种陶瓷材料制成。这个实施方式的优点基本上在于，由陶瓷材料制成的关节件类似于钴-铬-钼合金在联接(articulation)运动中具有较小的磨损，但是对于MRI和X射线是透明的。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，上、下对合面具有彼此不同的形状。由此可达到的优点特别是在于制造植入物的在底板的解剖学方面有利的形状。具有不同的接触面的椎间植入物特别是适合于颈椎
在另外一个实施形式中，上、下对合面具有相同的形状。在此优点是，具有在矢状面形态中对称的接触面的椎间植入物特别适合于腰椎。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，凸形的关节件与两个部件其中之一固定连接，并且关节壳与两个部件其中另外一个固定连接。因此可以取得这样的优点，即植入物在植入之前可以被组装，从而也可以实现简单地插入椎间空间内。
在另外一个实施形式中，上部件和下部件在其对合面上设有肉眼可见的结构，从而可以阻止植入的椎间植入物的移动运动。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，设置连接装置，由此上部件和下部件被保持在一起，而不会损害关节的可回转性。这个连接装置的优点在于，椎间植入物可以在当场保持在一起并且不会遗失部件。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，在关节每次联接时连接装置允许凸形的关节件和关节壳之间的轴向间隙X＞0，从而在滑动面之间可以产生由身体内的液体形成的润滑膜。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，间隙X至少为0.005mm、优选至少0.05mm。
在另外一个实施形式中，间隙X至多为0.5mm、优选至多0.6mm。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，连接装置具有一锚定元件，该锚定元件可与两个部件其中之一连接并且可松动地支承在两个部件其中另外一个中。
在另外一个实施方式中，凸形的关节件具有一空腔，该空腔在凸形的关节件的位于中轴线上的顶点上敞开，并且锚定元件可以在该空腔内在轴向上如此远地运动，使得它在克服间隙X之后轴向贴靠在空腔壁上。
在又一个其它的实施方式中，椎间植入物的所有构件由一种可透过X射线的材料制成。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例的部分示意的附图更加详细阐述本发明和本发明的进一步构造。其中：
图1本发明的椎间植入物的实施形式的侧视图；
图2在图1中示出的本发明的椎间植入物的实施形式的剖视图；
图3本发明的椎间植入物的另外一个实施形式的透视图；
图4在图3中示出的本发明的椎间植入物的实施形式的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中示出的本发明的椎间植入物的实施形式1基本上包括一上部件3，其具有一个与中轴线2相交的上对合面5用于贴靠在在上方邻接的椎骨体的底板上；一个下部件4，其具有一个与中轴线2相交的下对合面7用于贴靠在在下方邻接的椎骨体的盖板上；以及一个在两个部件3、4之间设置的关节9用于将两个部件3、4关节连接。关节9为两部分构成，其中凸形的关节件12球形构成，使得中轴线2与顶点垂直相交。在后端部16上凸形的关节件12在其与中轴线2正交的横截面内缩小并且压入或铸造入下部件4中的一个与中轴线2互补的同轴凹部17内。与之类似，与凸形的关节件12互补构成的关节壳13在其后端部21上在其与中轴线2正交的横截面内缩小并且压入上部件3中的一个互补的凹部22内。上、下部件3、4以及关节壳13和凸形的关节件12构成为单独的构件，从而上、下部件3、4例如可以由PEEK制成，而关节壳13和凸形的关节件12例如可以由一种陶瓷材料制成。凸形的关节件12上的凸形的滑动面11和关节壳13上的凹形的滑动面10具有相同的半径，这允许关节壳13和凸形的关节件12彼此相对滑动。
此外上、下对合面5、7具有不同的形状。下对合面7凹形构成，而上对合面5凸形构成。
在图3和4中示出的实施形式与在图1和2中示出的实施形式的不同之处首先在于，它具有两个凸形的对合面5、7。两个部件3、4具有各一个前侧的侧面31、41、各一个背侧的侧面32、42和各两个侧向的侧面33、34、43、44。其次，关节9与上、下部件3、4共同借助于连接装置20在轴向上保持在一起(图4)。连接装置20包括一个锚定元件15，其与中轴线2同心设置并且具有一个销23，该销以其后端部24在顶点处穿过关节壳13并且固定在上部件3上。此外，锚定元件15包括一个具有较大直径的圆盘状的扩展部25，该扩展部设置在销23的前端部26上。凸形的关节件12具有一个与中轴线2同心的开口28，该开口通入凸形的关节件12内部的一个具有较大直径的圆柱体形空腔29内。锚定元件15以及开口28和空腔29的几何形状如此选择，使得销23在开口28内可运动地设置并且扩展部25在空腔29内可运动地设置。开口28的直径d小于圆盘状的扩展部25的直径a，而空腔29的直径D大于直径a，从而凸形的关节件12和关节壳13和因此固定在其上的两个部件3、4在轴向上保持在一起，而不会阻止关节9的运动。销23在开口28内的可运动性以及扩展部25在空腔29内的可运动性使得两个部件3、4彼此相对的多轴向可回转性成为可能。销23的长度如此设计，使得在关节9的每次联接时扩展部25首先克服开口28和空腔29之间的过渡处的间隙X后才贴靠在销16的前端部26上。

Claims (16)

1.一种椎间植入物(1)、特别是人造椎间盘，包括一中轴线(2)、一上部件(3)和一下部件(4)，其中
A)上部件(3)具有一上对合面(5)，该上对合面适合贴靠在一个位于上方的椎骨体的底板上；
B)下部件(4)具有一下对合面(6)，该下对合面适合贴靠在一个位于下方的椎骨体的盖板上；
C)两个部件(3；4)其中之一具有一个凸形的关节件(12)，该凸形的关节件具有一凸形的滑动面(11)，并且两个部件(3；4)其中另一个具有一关节壳(13)，该关节壳具有一互补的凹形的滑动面(10)；
D)凸形的关节件(12)和关节壳(13)构成一关节(9)，两个部件(3；4)可以借助于所述关节彼此相对地围绕至少一个旋转轴线旋转；其特征在于，
E)椎间植入物(1)可以透过X射线。
2.按照权利要求1所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，上部件(3)和下部件(4)由一可透过X射线的第一材料制成，并且凸形的关节件(12)和关节壳(13)由一不同的同样可透过X射线的第二材料制成。
3.按照权利要求1所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，该椎间植入物的各单个部件由相同的材料制成。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，用于上部件(3)和下部件(4)的可透过X射线的材料从由聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮、超高分子量的聚乙烯、聚砜构成的组中选择。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，凸形的关节件(12)和关节壳(13)由一种陶瓷材料制成。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，上、下对合面(5；7)具有彼此不同的形状。
7.按照权利要求1至5之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，上、下对合面(5；7)具有相同的形状。
8.按照权利要求1至7之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，凸形的关节件(12)与两个部件(3；4)其中之一固定连接，并且关节壳(13)与两个部件(3；4)其中另一个固定连接。
9.按照权利要求1至8之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，上部件(3)和下部件(4)在其对合面(5；7)上设有肉眼可见的结构(18)。
10.按照权利要求1至9之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，设置连接装置(20)，由此上部件(3)和下部件(4)被保持在一起，而不会损害关节(9)的可回转性。
11.按照权利要求10所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，在关节(9)每次联接时，连接装置(20)允许凸形的关节件(12)和关节壳(13)之间的轴向间隙X＞0。
12.按照权利要求11所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，所述间隙X至少为0.005mm、优选至少0.05mm。
13.按照权利要求11或12所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，所述间隙X至多为0.5mm、优选至多0.6mm。
14.按照权利要求10至13之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，连接装置(20)具有一锚定元件(15)，该锚定元件可与两个部件(3；4)其中之一连接并且可松动地支承在两个部件(3；4)其中另一个中。
15.按照权利要求14所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，凸形的关节件(12)具有一空腔(29)，该空腔在凸形的关节件(12)的位于中轴线(2)上的顶点上敞开，并且锚定元件(15)可以在该空腔内在轴向上如此远地运动，使得锚定元件在克服间隙X之后轴向贴靠在空腔壁上。
16.按照权利要求1至15之一所述的椎间植入物(1)，其特征在于，所有的构件由一种可透过X射线的材料制成。
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