CN101107343A

CN101107343A - Reduced RVP oxygenated gasoline composition and method

Info

Publication number: CN101107343A
Application number: CNA2006800030994A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 莱斯利·R·沃尔夫
Original assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
Current assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
Priority date: 2005-01-25
Filing date: 2006-01-17
Publication date: 2008-01-16
Also published as: CN102517103A; WO2006081089A1; AR053667A1; MX2007008868A; JP5068669B2; TW200632090A; EP1838819A1; US20060162243A1; AU2006208328A1; CA2595491A1; BRPI0614026A2; JP2008528758A; ZA200706574B; NZ590060A; US20110023354A1

Abstract

Compositions of oxygenated gasolines are disclosed that have reduced vapor pressure compared to those containing a single oxygenate and no RVP reducing compound. Such compositions can be formed at a refinery or at a terminal. Methods of reducing vapor pressure of an oxygenated gasoline are disclosed and methods of reducing vapor pressure constraints upon a refinery in the production of oxygenated gasoline are disclosed. Fundamental properties of RVP reducing compounds are disclosed including IR spectrum analysis. Processes and methods for blending and distributing these fuels are also disclosed.

Description

Oxygenated gasoline composition and method that RVP reduces

Technical field

The present invention relates to fuel, relate more particularly to oxygenated gasoline, comprise containing alcoholic acid gasoline.The invention provides a kind of Reid vapour pressure (RVP) with reduction thus allow more a high proportion of low boiling component to be blended in the gasoline and be no more than the oxygenated gasoline of RVP limit value.The present invention also provides a kind of method that reduces the RVP of oxygenated gasoline.

Background technology

Gasoline is the fuel that is suitable for use in the spark ignition engine, its generally contain have different boiling and usually under atmospheric pressure at the mixture of about 26 ℃ of many hydrocarbon of ebullient to the temperature of about 225 ℃ of scopes as major constituent.This scope is about, can change according to the hydrocarbon molecule, the additive of existence or the actual mix and the envrionment conditions of other compound (if there is) that exist.Usually, the hydrocarbon component of gasoline contains C ₄～C ₁₀Hydrocarbon.

Usually require gasoline to satisfy some physics and standard of performance.In order to operate engine suitably or other fuel combustion appliance can be carried out some characteristics.But because as other reasons such as environmental managements, the country regulation has been set many physics and performance.The example of physical property comprises the temperature (T-90) of RVP, sulphur content, oxygen level, aromaticity content, benzene content, olefin(e) centent, distillation 90% fuel, the temperature (T-50) of distillation 50% fuel etc.Performance can comprise octane value (being also referred to as antiknock shake index), combustionproperty and emission components.

For example, the standard of the gasoline of selling in the many places of the U.S. generally is listed in ASTM standard code D 4814-01a number (" ASTM 4814 "), and this standard code is introduced with reference to ground here.Other federal and state regulation is replenished this standard.

The regulation of listing among the ASTM 4814 to gasoline changes based on influencing the many parameters of volatility and incendiary such as weather, season, geographical position and height above sea level.Because this reason, the gasoline of producing according to ASTM4814 is divided in performance degree classification AA, A, B, C, D and E and the

packing protection classification

1,2,3,4,5 and 6, and each classification has the regulation that a cover is described the gasoline of the requirement of satisfying each classification.This regulation has also been listed the test method of parameter in definite regulation.

For example, be necessary for the maximum temperature (" T of the component of 54kPa, distillation 10 volume % in the maximum vapour pressure of the AA-2 class gasoline of driving the blending of using between seasonal periods summer of warm relatively weather ₁₀") be necessary for 70 ℃, distill the temperature range (" T of the component of 50 volume % ₅₀") must be between 77 ℃ and 121 ℃, the maximum temperature (" T of the component of distillation 90 volume % ₉₀") being necessary for 190 ℃, distillation end point, to be necessary for 190 ℃, the remaining maximum value of distillation be that 2 volume %, " driveability index (driveability index) " or " DI " maximum temperature are 597 ℃, wherein DI is with 1.5 times T ₁₀Add 3 times T ₅₀Add T ₉₀Calculate, maximum gas/liquid ratio is 20 under 56 ℃ test temperature.

ASTM4814 propose and in many rules a physical property of the gasoline of joint provisions be RVP.RVP can measure according to ASTM standard code D5191-04a (" D5191 "), and this regulation is introduced with reference to ground here.The gasoline that the RVP standard is used in commercial distribution in the scope in a given jurisdiction usually forces satisfied maximum RVP limit value to represent.Because RVP increases with the ratio than light hydrocarbon, so such RVP limit value retrains the composition of hydrocarbon in the gasoline significantly.Usually, in order to produce the gasoline of the RVP with reduction, need to reduce as the ratio than light hydrocarbon such as C4 hydrocarbon.Reducing such can influence gasoline performance negatively than light hydrocarbon.For example, amount of butane has reduced the RVP of this fuel in the reduction Fuel Petroleum, but has also reduced octane value.

By the composition of constraint gasoline, the RVP limit value also applies burden to refinery.Usually, refinery's ratio of being used for producing the various refinery steams of gasoline by control is regulated the composition of gasoline.For example, in order to produce the gasoline with higher, refinery may need to reduce the ratio of the lower boiling refinery steams that is used for producing gasoline.In order to produce the gasoline of the RVP limit value that satisfy to be suitable for, refinery reduces in the gasoline ratio than the lightweight boiling hydrocarbon usually.Usually RVP is controlled or regulated to the definite RVP blending value of use experience.The RVP blending value is represented the contribution of specific composition to the RVP of specific mixture.A result to this RVP constraint of refinery is can the less gasoline of refining with every barrel of oil.This can influence significantly and can be used to satisfy the gasoline supply that the human consumer requires.

Because in gasoline, use oxygenatedchemicals (oxygenates) more and more, so the influence of RVP limit value is strengthened.In gasoline, use oxygenatedchemicals to increase chemical oxygen content.Unfortunately, when oxygenatedchemicals was blended in the fuel, oxygenatedchemicals had non-linear effects to RVP.Therefore, the particular oxygenate experience ground of specific concentrations in the special fuel is determined the RVP blending value of oxygenatedchemicals.Many rules have the oxygenatedchemicals requirement to promote burning more completely to gasoline.Usually use methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as gasoline oxygenate.But many rules are forbidden or MTBE and similar ether are used in restriction strictly.

Because, have other oxygenatedchemicals that hangs down favourable RVP so in gasoline, use usually to using the restriction of MTBE.Because many factors comprise that many rules are to use the high deductions and exemptions of tax that ethanol provided to 10 volume % in gasoline, so use ethanol as gasoline oxygenate widely.The United States Patent (USP) 6,540,797 that licenses to the United States Patent (USP) 6,258,987 of Schmidt etc. and license to Scott etc. has been discussed and concocted ethanol in gasoline, introduces them with reference to ground here.Unfortunately, the many oxygenatedchemicalss that allow to be blended in the gasoline have significant deleterious effect, comprise cause transportation and difficult treatment to the affinity of water and the increase of gasoline RVP when concocting with oxygenatedchemicals.Affinity to water causes transportation and difficult treatment.RVP increases makes that producing the difficulty that is in the gasoline in the suitable RVP limit value is exaggerated.Ethanol shows aforementioned two kinds of influences simultaneously.

Need a kind of composition or method that reduces oxygenatedchemicals is blended into the harmful effect that can produce in the gasoline.Especially, need opposing to be attributable at least a portion RVP that oxygenatedchemicals is blended in the gasoline is increased.

The inventor has been found that when some compound is used for and typically oxygenated gasoline is concocted can show unforeseeable low RVP blending value.Surprisingly, in some cases, these compounds even can show negative RVP blending value.

The present invention has reduced to be attributable to the RVP that oxygenatedchemicals is blended in the gasoline to be increased, and makes refinery can use the low boiling hydrocarbon of higher proportion in gasoline blend (blend stock), thereby increases the gasoline affinability of refinery.Can use the present invention to reduce the RVP of oxygenated gasoline.In the certain situation of blending RVP value, can use the present invention to prepare the oxygenated gasoline that meets the RVP limit value above the oxygenated gasoline of the maximum RVP limit value that is suitable for.

Summary of the invention

The inventor has been found that using as described further herein RVP to reduce compound can have astonishing RVP to oxygenated gasoline and reduce effect.Such RVP reduces compound can concoct desired RVP increase to reduce oxygenatedchemicals and gasoline blend with the oxygenatedchemicals interaction.In some cases, the so violent consequently RVP of the influence of RVP reduction compound reduction compound shows negative RVP blending value.

The invention provides a kind of oxygenated gasoline, it can satisfy suitable RVP limit value and still can comprise more more substantial than light component than possible situation.The present invention allows refinery to use the crude oil of larger proportion to be used for gasoline, thereby increases petrol delivery.The present invention also provides a kind of method that reduces the RVP of oxygenated gasoline.Such reduction can be carried out at terminal point (terminal), and can help to reduce and reach the needs of abandoning gasoline, otherwise can have the RVP that surpasses regulation.The present invention provides a kind of method also for the rules with maximum RVP limit value, and this method reduces the RVP constraint to the gasoline blend that is used for the oxygenatedchemicals blending in the production of oxygenated gasoline.

In one embodiment, the inventor provides a kind of RVP that contains gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals and significant quantity to reduce the gasoline of compound.Preferably, RVP reduction compound has the RVP blending value less than about 21kPa, is more preferably less than about 0.0kPa.Randomly, the RVP value of the mixture of gasoline blend and suitable oxygenatedchemicals is at least about 47.5kPa.Preferably, suitable oxygenatedchemicals is an alcohols, more preferably ethanol.RVP reduces compound can be selected from 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, acetate and their combination.The preferred suitable oxygenatedchemicals that exists greater than 2 volume %.Preferably, exist RVP to reduce compound less than 15 volume %.Can use greater than a kind of suitable oxygenatedchemicals.Can use greater than a kind of RVP and reduce compound.

In another embodiment, provide a kind of method that reduces the RVP of oxygenated gasoline.This method comprises plants suitable oxygenatedchemicals blending to form the step of oxygenated gasoline with gasoline blend and one or more, with step with oxygenated gasoline and one or more kind RVP reduction compound, wherein at least a RVP reduces compound to have less than about 21kPa, preferably less than the RVP blending value of about 0.0kPa.Suitable oxygenatedchemicals can be an alcohol, preferred alcohol, and RVP reduces compound can be selected from 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, acetate and their combination.A step or two steps in blending or the mixing step can carry out at terminal point.Randomly, the blending step can be carried out simultaneously with mixing step.The preferred suitable oxygenatedchemicals that exists greater than 2 volume %.Preferably, exist RVP to reduce compound less than 15 volume %.

In another embodiment, provide a kind of method that in the production of oxygenated gasoline, reduces the RVP constraint of gasoline blend with predetermined maximum RVP limit value.This method comprise with gasoline blend and one or more plant suitable oxygenatedchemicals blending, with form the RVP limit value greater than the step of the oxygenated gasoline of predetermined maximum RVP limit value and one or more RVP of adding significant quantity reduce compounds, to form the step that the RVP value is less than or equal to the gasoline of predetermined maximum RVP limit value.Blending step and interpolation step can be carried out simultaneously.Suitable oxygenatedchemicals is preferably ethanol.RVP reduces compound can be selected from 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, acetate and their combination.The preferred suitable oxygenatedchemicals that exists greater than 2 volume %.Preferably, exist RVP to reduce compound less than 15 volume %.

As described further herein, absorbancy is to confirm the especially effectively useful mode of RVP reduction compound relatively.Can reduce the oxygenated gasoline of RVP in the time of also can using relative absorbancy to confirm to use RVP to reduce compound especially.In any embodiment, can select gasoline blend, one or more suitable oxygenatedchemicalss and one or more RVP to reduce compound, make gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals have less than the relative absorbancy of about 0.045 normalization method with the mixture of RVP compound.Preferably, gasoline blend has greater than the relative absorbancy of about 0.05 normalization method with the concoction of suitable oxygenatedchemicals.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 describes to have the relative absorbancy of oxygenated gasoline of two kinds of different oxygenatedchemicalss as the functional arrangement of weight %.Fig. 2 has the bar graph of relative absorbancy that several RVP reduce the oxygenated gasoline of compounds.Fig. 3 describes to have the RVP of unleaded regular gasoline of 42kPa basis RVP as the functional arrangement of alcoholic acid volume percent in this gasoline.

Embodiment

Gasoline is known in the art, generally contain have different boiling and usually under atmospheric pressure at the mixture of about 26 ℃ of ebullient hydrocarbon to the temperature of about 225 ℃ of scopes as major constituent.This scope is about, can be according to the hydrocarbon molecule, the additive of existence or the actual mix and the changes in environmental conditions of other compound (if there is) that exist.Oxygenated gasoline is the concoction of gasoline blend and one or more oxygenatedchemicalss.

Gasoline blend can be produced as product or other refinery steams from refinery alkylation unit with one-component.But gasoline blend is more generally used greater than a kind of component blending.Gasoline blend is mixed into satisfies needed physics and performance and satisfy the requirement of stipulating, it can comprise several components, for example three kinds or four kinds, maybe can comprise many components, for example 12 kinds or more kinds of.

Gasoline and gasoline blend randomly can comprise other chemical or additive.For example, can add additive or other chemical with the performance of regulating gasoline to satisfy the requirement of regulation, increase or improve the performance of expectation, reduce the injurious effects of not expecting, adjusting function characteristic, or otherwise change the characteristic of gasoline.The such chemical or the example of additive comprise sanitising agent, oxidation inhibitor, stability enhancers, emulsion splitter, corrosion inhibitor, metal passivator etc.Can use greater than a kind of additive or chemical.

Useful additive and chemical are described in No. the 5th, 782,937, the United States Patent (USP) that licenses to Colucci etc., introduce with reference to ground here.Such additive and chemical also are described in No. the 6th, 083,228, the United States Patent (USP) that licenses to Wolf and license to No. the 5th, 755,833, the United States Patent (USP) of Ishida etc., and these two pieces of patents are introduced with reference to ground here.Gasoline and gasoline blend also can contain and usually be used for additive delivery is delivered to solvent or carrier soln in the fuel.Many other materials that the such solvent or the example of carrier soln are known including, but not limited to mineral oil, alcohol, carboxylic acid, synthetic oil and this area.

The gasoline blend that is fit to the present composition normally can be used to prepare the blending raw material of the gasoline that consumes in other engine of spark ignition engine or burns gasoline.Suitable gasoline blend comprises that the gasoline that satisfies ASTM4814 is with concocting the blending raw material of raw material with the gasoline that is used for preparing again.Suitable gasoline blend also comprises the low sulfur content that has that can expect to satisfy the area requirement, and for example has less than about 150ppmv sulphur, is more preferably less than about 100ppmv sulphur, is more preferably less than the blending raw material of about 80ppmv sulphur.Suitable gasoline blend so also comprises the low arene content that has that can expect to satisfy specified requirement, for example have less than about 8000ppmv benzene, be more preferably less than about 7000ppmv benzene, or have total aromaticity content as a further example less than about 35 volume %, be more preferably less than the blending raw material of the total aromaticity content of about 25 volume %.As used herein, " total aromaticity content " is meant the total amount of all aromatic hydrocarbon substance of existence.

As used herein, " oxygenatedchemicals " is meant the C that only contains carbon, hydrogen and one or more Sauerstoffatoms ₂～C ₈Compound.For example, oxygenatedchemicals can be alcohol, ketone, ester, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ether, ether alcohol, keto-alcohol and polyvalent alcohol.Because some reasons comprise available widely, so ethanol is preferred oxygenatedchemicals.As used herein, " suitable oxygenatedchemicals " is meant the RVP blending value with 44.8kPa at least and is soluble in oxygenatedchemicals in the specific oxygenated gasoline of production.Preferably there is oxygenatedchemicals greater than about 2 volume %.

" RVP blending value " or " blending RVP " is the effective RVP of composition in being blended into fuel mixture the time.Blending RVP value representation composition is to the contribution of the RVP of mixture, the blending RVP that makes the RVP of mixture equal every kind of component multiply by this component volume fraction and.For example, for [A] fuel mixture, RVP=(volume fraction of the blending RVP of the volume fraction of the blending RVP of [A] * [A]+[B] * [B]) with [B].

As used herein, if the mixture of compound (without otherwise indicated, is about-40 ℃ of initial boiling points to mixture) on the temperature range of being paid close attention to, under the concentration of expectation, show single liquid phase, this compound dissolves in second kind of compound so.

As used herein, " RVP reduces compound " is meant and only comprises carbon and hydrogen and one or more heteroatomic C ₂～C ₈Compound, each heteroatoms is selected from oxygen and nitrogen, and this compound is soluble in the oxygenated gasoline of selection and reduces the RVP of the oxygenated gasoline of selecting when in the oxygenated gasoline that is blended into selection.The significant quantity that RVP reduces compound is to reduce compound concentration, make the RVP of oxygenated gasoline reduce the consumption of 0.34kPa at least for specific RVP.RVP can determine according to ASTM D 5191, uses to measure fully to be used for determining on the statistical significance.Preferably, RVP reduces the total concn of compound less than about 15 volume %, is more preferably less than about 10 volume %, most preferably is not more than about 5 volume %.

It can be pure and mild their combination of alcohol, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, ether, ether alcohol, keto-alcohol, polyvalent alcohol, amine, amine that RVP reduces compound.The example that RVP reduces compound comprises 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 4-methyl-2 pentanone, ethyl acetate, butylacetate, acetate, Di Iso Propyl Ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, cellosolvo, 4-methyl-4-hydroxyl-2 pentanone, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol, triethylamine and their combination.

The effective especially RVP of the RVP that reduces oxygenated gasoline is reduced compound can be confirmed with the relative absorbancy of normalization method that RVP reduces the mixture of compound by determining oxygenated gasoline.In addition, comply with the suitable oxygenate that so especially effectively RVP reduces especially, then can confirm by the relative absorbancy of normalization method of determining oxygenated gasoline (not having RVP to reduce compound).

Be not restricted to any particular theory, think that in oxygenated gasoline RVP reduces compound and interacts with oxygenatedchemicals and increase oxygenatedchemicals and stay trend in the liquid phase, thus the RVP of reduction oxygenated gasoline.Absorbancy is to be used for confirming to conform to especially suitable oxygenate of this interaction (it produces, and RVP is collaborative to be reduced) and the analytical technology that RVP reduces compound relatively.

Absorbancy is used baseline method, differential method and infrared quantitative analytical technologies at 2 relatively, as in ASTM Standard Practices for General Techniques of InfaredQuantitative Analysis Specification E 168-99 (" E168 "), describing, introduce with reference to ground here.

Use deducts the differential spectrogram that the absorbancy spectrogram without any the oxygenated gasoline of suitable oxygenate obtains and uses 2 baseline methods from the absorbancy spectrogram of mixture, calculates 3680cm ^-1～3550cm ^-1Wave band zone and 3680cm ^-1～3100cm ^-1The ratio in wave band zone determines to contain the relative absorbancy that RVP reduces the mixture of compound and oxygenated gasoline.Owing to use different gasoline blend, so use described differential spectrogram to make the variability minimum.

Use deducts the differential spectrogram that the absorbancy spectrogram of the oxygenated gasoline that does not have suitable oxygenate obtains and uses 2 baseline methods from the absorbancy spectrogram of oxygenated gasoline, calculates 3680cm ^-1～3550cm ^-1Wave band zone and 3680cm ^-1～3100cm ^-1The ratio in wave band zone is determined the relative absorbancy of oxygenated gasoline.

Following Table I demonstrates the relative absorbancy of the two kinds of oxygenatedchemicalss several oxygenated gasolines of gained in satisfying the alternative unleaded regular gasoline of ASTM D4814 with different concns.Fig. 1 demonstrates the figure of these data.

Table I
Table I			The relative absorbancy of different concns oxygenatedchemicals in unleaded regular gasoline
Oxygenatedchemicals	Concentration weight %	Relative absorbancy
Oxygenatedchemicals	Concentration weight %	Relative absorbancy	Ethanol	1.05	0.104
Ethanol	2.11	0.049	Ethanol	1.05	0.104
Ethanol	2.11	0.049	Ethanol	5.27	0.009
The 2-butanols	0.938	0.211	Ethanol	5.27	0.009
The 2-butanols	0.938	0.211	The 2-butanols	1.88	0.174
The 2-butanols	4.69	0.047	The 2-butanols	1.88	0.174

As Table I and shown in Figure 1, relative absorbance varies by compound and change in concentration.Table I is also expressed non-linear between relative absorbancy and the concentration.Determine to universal experience relative absorbancy.For the particular unleaded regular gasoline that Table I is used, ethanol and 2-butanols all will be the oxygenatedchemicalss that is used for this particular of the present invention.

Table II demonstrates the relative absorbancy that RVP reduces compound and several mixtures of oxygenated gasoline, and described oxygenated gasoline has and the used identical alternative unleaded regular gasoline of Table I.Fig. 2 is the figure of these data.

Table II
Table II			RVP reduces the relative absorbancy of compound in oxygenated gasoline (2 weight % ethanol)
RVP reduces compound	Concentration weight %	Relative absorbancy
RVP reduces compound	Concentration weight %	Relative absorbancy	Do not have		0.049
The 2-butanols	2.0	0.019	Do not have		0.049
The 2-butanols	2.0	0.019	Methyl ethyl ketone	2.0	0.015
Butylacetate	3.0	0.027	Methyl ethyl ketone	2.0	0.015
Butylacetate	3.0	0.027	Triethylamine	3.0	0.037

As Table I and shown in Figure 2, RVP is reduced compound add that the relative absorbancy to mixture has remarkably influenced in the oxygenated gasoline to.This influence reduces compound with different RVP and changes, but this variation of relative absorbancy shows the cooperative interaction between the component, produces astonishing RVP and reduces effect.

In some embodiments, select RVP to reduce compound and make that containing one or more RVP reduces the relative absorbancy of normalization method of mixture of compounds and oxygenated gasoline less than about 0.045, preferably less than about 0.030.Preferably, the relative absorbancy of normalization method of oxygenated gasoline (not having RVP to reduce compound) of selecting one or more suitable oxygenatedchemicalss to make to contain such suitable oxygenate is preferably greater than about 0.1 greater than about 0.05.

When under the suitable oxygenate of expectation concentration, RVP reduces compound when being present in this mixture greater than about 0.5 weight %, then contains the relative absorbancy that the relative absorbancy of normalization method that RVP reduces the mixture of compound and oxygenated gasoline is defined as this mixture.

When suitable oxygenatedchemicals is present in the oxygenated gasoline with about 1.0 weight %, then determine the relative absorbancy of normalization method of oxygenated gasoline (not having RVP to reduce compound) by calculating relative absorbancy.

Preferably, it is 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 1 that RVP reduces compound, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol or acetate.More preferably, suitable R VP reduction compound is 1-butanols, 2-butanols or the trimethyl carbinol.Other example that RVP reduces compound comprises triethylamine, tert-Octylamine.

In another embodiment, oxygenated gasoline comprises that gasoline blend, one or more suitable oxygenatedchemicalss and one or more RVP reduce the concoction that compound comprises the 1-butanols.In a further embodiment, oxygenated gasoline is that gasoline blend, one or more suitable oxygenatedchemicalss comprise that ethanol and one or more RVP reduce the concoction that compound comprises the 1-butanols.

Gasoline blend and oxygenatedchemicals, RVP reduce compound or do not change linearly with the amount of every kind of component using with some performances of the mixture of these two kinds of compounds.Especially, the characteristic that the volatility of this mixture is relevant can depart from the linear scaling with respect to the amount of used every kind of component.Fig. 3 represents how the RVP of gasoline changes with respect to the volume percent of ethanol in fuel.Fig. 3 describes to have the RVP of unleaded regular gasoline of 42kPa basis RVP as the function of the volume percent of ethanol in fuel.As shown in Figure 3, between alcoholic acid volume % and RVP, has nonlinear relationship.This non-linear effects makes prediction difficult especially to the actual influence of the RVP of oxygenatedchemicals in the gasoline.The actual RVP of oxygenated gasoline changes with the gasoline blend of using, the particular oxygenate and the specific concentrations of oxygenatedchemicals in oxygenated gasoline of use.Because this nonlinearities change, thereby the RVP of oxygenated gasoline is determined on experience ground.Usually collect the RVP data in the concentration range of oxygenatedchemicals with on the scope experience ground of gasoline blend.

The blending RVP of oxygenatedchemicals is usually by measure to add before such oxygenatedchemicals and add that the RVP of fuel calculates after such oxygenatedchemicals.The oxygenatedchemicals blending RVP value that can calculate with such rule of thumb data also shows the non-linear behavior with respect to oxygenatedchemicals concentration in specific oxygenated gasoline, makes that such blending RVP value is difficult to predict.Because to such non-linear effects of RVP, the blending RVP value of calculating is specific to the concentration of adding the particular oxygenate in the special fuel to.

When reducing the blending RVP of this RVP reduction compound of compound volume fractional function calculation as RVP, its blending RVP shows non-linear behavior, the feasible RVP that more is difficult to predict the mixture that obtains.The blending RVP that suitable R VP reduces compound adds such RVP and reduces before the compound and add such RVP and reduce that the RVP of fuel calculates after the compound by measuring usually.Show non-linear effects to RVP in adding fuel to the time because RVP reduces compound, to reduce compound concentrations be specific so the blending RVP that measures is for adding RVP in the special fuel to.

The inventor finds amazedly, and the oxygenatedchemicals that one or more are suitable and one or more RVP reduce combination of compounds can have synergy to the RVP value of the gasoline produced.

In any embodiment, gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals and RVP reduction compound can be concocted with random order.For example, RVP can be reduced compound adds in the mixture that comprises gasoline blend and suitable oxygenatedchemicals.As another example, can add one or more suitable oxygenatedchemicalss and one or more RVP reduction compound in several different positions or in a plurality of stage.For further example, RVP reduces compound and can add with suitable oxygenatedchemicals, concocts with suitable oxygenatedchemicals in interpolation before the suitable oxygenatedchemicals or before adding gasoline blend to.In preferred embodiments, one or more RVP being reduced compound adds in the oxygenated gasoline.In a further preferred embodiment, one or more are suitable oxygenatedchemicals and one or more RVP reduction compound are blended in the gasoline blend simultaneously.

In any embodiment, can use greater than a kind of suitable oxygenatedchemicals to replace single suitable oxygenatedchemicals, randomly, can use greater than a kind of RVP and reduce only a kind of RVP reduction of compound replacement compound.Can add suitable oxygenatedchemicals and RVP reduction compound in the arbitrfary point of distribution claim (distribution chain).For example, gasoline blend terminal point be can be transported to, can individually or in combination suitable oxygenatedchemicals and RVP compound and gasoline blend blending be reduced at terminal point then.As a further example, it is combined gasoline blend, one or more suitable oxygenatedchemicalss and one or more RVP to be reduced compound in refinery.Can add other component or additive in the arbitrfary point of distribution claim.

In a further embodiment, provide a kind of method that reduces the RVP of oxygenated gasoline.This method can be implemented in any other appropriate point of refinery, terminal point, retail point or distribution claim.Preferably, be used for implementing this method with the terminal point of ethanol or some other oxygenatedchemicalss and gasoline blend blending or at the terminal point that can be suitable for holding such blending.

According to another embodiment, with gasoline blend and ethanol, another kind of suitable oxygenatedchemicals, or the combination of suitable oxygenatedchemicals, with reduce compound or RVP with RVP and reduce combination of compounds and concoct, to produce RVP than the low oxygenated gasoline fuel of oxygenated gasoline of the reduction compound that do not have RVP.

The specific RVP that uses in any embodiment reduces the oxygenatedchemicals that compound depends on the particular suitable of the specific gasoline blend of use and use.Preferably, selecting RVP to reduce compound makes RVP reduce the RVP value of the blending RVP value of compound less than remaining mixture.More preferably, select RVP reduce blending RVP that compound makes RVP reduce compound be remaining mixture RVP about at the most 50%.Perhaps, can select RVP to reduce blending RVP that compound makes that RVP reduces compound, be more preferably less than about 21kPa, be more preferably less than about 0.0kPa less than about 31kPa.

The regulation of gasoline to many performance settings of fuel limit value, generally include the upper limit of RVP.Such RVP limit value can be with country, area and seasonal variation.Such RVP limit value is to imposing restriction as the refined product of gasoline.To improve the RVP of gained concoction when usually, oxygenatedchemicals is in being blended into gasoline blend.The gasoline blend that is used for oxygenatedchemicals blending have usually fully be lower than any applicable upper limits RVP to cause the desired result of oxygenatedchemicals.Because less high-volatility fuel component can be used for gasoline blend, so this further constraint can be used for the refined product of gasoline.Such RVP constraint can limit the amount of gasoline that can be used for consuming.

The method of RVP constraint of the refinery of a kind of reduction is used for oxygenatedchemicals blending to production gasoline blend is provided in another embodiment.Because use the gasoline blend that can not be used for producing the oxygenated gasoline that RVP meets under other situations, can produce the oxygenated gasoline of RVP limit value up to specification, so the RVP constraint of refinery is reduced.Another embodiment provides a kind of method that reduces the RVP of oxygenated gasoline, makes can further concoct some oxygenated gasolines of the RVP limit value that can not satisfy regulation under other situations to meet the RVP limit value of described regulation.

In a further embodiment, concoct with the formation oxygenated gasoline by the gasoline blend that will select, the suitable oxygenate of selection and the RVP reduction compound of selection, thereby produce described oxygenated gasoline.RVP reduces the RVP value that compound reduces oxygenated gasoline.For specific suitable oxygenate and specific gasoline blend, use RVP to reduce compound and can allow to use the RVP value to produce the oxygenated gasoline that satisfies the RVP regulation that is suitable for than common used higher gasoline blend.

For given maximum RVP value, select gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals and RVP to reduce compound, even the RVP value of the mixture of feasible gasoline blend and suitable oxygenate surpasses maximum RVP value, the RVP value that contains the oxygenated gasoline mixture of gasoline blend, suitable oxygenate and RVP reduction compound is less than or equal to maximum RVP value.

The following example is explained many embodiments of the inventor's invention, but does not limit its scope.Under the situation of the white gasoline fuel of the performance that satisfies ASTM D 4814, following specific embodiment has been discussed, but those skilled in the art will recognize the present invention and be not limited to these fuel, can use with any gasoline blend or the fuel that meet explanation here.

The comparative example A

Test the solubleness of several oxygenatedchemicalss in the unleaded regular gasoline blending raw material of the performance that satisfies ASTM D 4814-01a.Under 1 volume % oxygenatedchemicals and 10 volume % oxygenatedchemicalss, determine solubleness.The result is presented at down in the Table III.

The solubleness of Table III in unleaded regular gasoline
The solubleness of Table III in unleaded regular gasoline			Oxygenatedchemicals	1％	10％
The 2-propyl alcohol	S	S	Oxygenatedchemicals	1％	10％
The 2-propyl alcohol	S	S	The 1-butanols	S	S
The 2-butanols	S	S	The 1-butanols	S	S
The 2-butanols	S	S	1, ammediol	I	I
2, the 3-butyleneglycol	I	I	1, ammediol	I	I
2, the 3-butyleneglycol	I	I	Glycerine	I	I
Acetate	S	S	Glycerine	I	I
Acetate	S	S	Ethanol	S	S

The solvable I=of S=is soluble

See from the result shown in the last Table III, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol and glycerine are soluble, are not the suitable oxygenatedchemicalss that is used for specific white gasoline product therefore.

Comparative Examples B

Test comparative example A's suitable oxygenatedchemicals is to be identified for concocting with comparative example A's unleaded regular gasoline the RVP blending value of every kind of compound of raw material blending.Measure according to ASTM D5191, the RVP of gasoline blend is determined as 59.5kPa.Every kind of oxygenatedchemicals with shown in volume percent and gasoline blend blending, measure the RVP of gained oxygenated gasoline in the same manner.The specific compound of test and the volume percent of material therefor at length are listed in down in the Table II.Calculate the RVP blending value of the oxygenatedchemicals of volumetric concentration shown in being used for then, the results are shown in the Table IV.

Table IV RVP blending value (psi)
Table IV RVP blending value (psi)				Unleaded regular gasoline blending raw material
Oxygenatedchemicals	1％	5％	10％	Unleaded regular gasoline blending raw material
Oxygenatedchemicals	1％	5％	10％	The 2-propyl alcohol	33.63	15.23	11.93
The 1-butanols	12.63	4.03	5.03	The 2-propyl alcohol	33.63	15.23	11.93
The 1-butanols	12.63	4.03	5.03	The 2-butanols	8.63	4.03	5.83
Acetate	5.63	4.23	5.63	The 2-butanols	8.63	4.03	5.83
Acetate	5.63	4.23	5.63	Ethanol	(not test (N.T.))	31.03	19.83

Can see that as the result of Table IV blending RVP value is not relevant linearly with the volume percent of these suitable oxygenatedchemicalss.The volume percent that suitable oxygenatedchemicals shows the influence of RVP and oxygenatedchemicals is non-linear.The result of Table IV illustrates that also the concentration that increases different oxygenatedchemicalss can have Different Effects to the blending RVP value of particular oxygenate.The concentration separately of 1-butanols, 2-butanols and acetate is increased to the blending RVP value that 10 volume % have increased oxygenatedchemicals from 5 volume %.But the 2-propyl alcohol increases identical concentration with every kind of ethanol and causes the blending RVP value of oxygenatedchemicals to reduce.

Embodiment 1

With top comparative example A's gasoline blend and the suitable oxygenate blending of 5 volume %.Use ethanol as suitable oxygenatedchemicals.When foundation ASTM D 5191 measured, the RVP of the oxygenated gasoline that obtains was determined as 67.2kPa.Several potential RVP are reduced compounds and oxygenated gasoline blending, with definite this compound solvable and definite blending RVP value whether.By the RVP of foundation ASTM D 5191 mensuration gained gasoline, 1 volume % and 5 volume % concoctions are calculated blending RVP value.The result is presented at down in the Table V.

Table V RVP blending value (psi)
Table V RVP blending value (psi)			Have 5 volume % alcoholic acid unleaded regular gasoline
Compound	1％	5％	Have 5 volume % alcoholic acid unleaded regular gasoline
Compound	1％	5％	The 2-propyl alcohol	-0.25	2.15
The 1-butanols	-11.25	-2.25	The 2-propyl alcohol	-0.25	2.15
The 1-butanols	-11.25	-2.25	The 2-butanols	-6.25	-1.25
1, ammediol	I	I	The 2-butanols	-6.25	-1.25
1, ammediol	I	I	2, the 3-butyleneglycol	-8.25	I
Glycerine	I	I	2, the 3-butyleneglycol	-8.25	I
Glycerine	I	I	Acetate	-16.25	-4.45

I=is soluble

The Table V explanation reduces oxygenatedchemicals and RVP the unpredictable character of compound and gasoline blend blending gained.Be insoluble to 1 of this specific gasoline blend, ammediol and glycerine (seeing the comparative example A) also are insoluble in the oxygenated gasoline mixture of this embodiment, therefore are not that the RVP that is used for this specific mixture reduces compound.2, the 3-butyleneglycol is insoluble to this specific gasoline blend (seeing the comparative example A), and still, when under 1 volume % during with the blending of this specific gasoline blend and 5 volume % ethanol, its past is, be still RVP reduction compound now.2, the 3-butyleneglycol is soluble, when neither RVP reduction compound during with the blending of this specific gasoline blend and 5 volume % ethanol under 5 volume %.

The result who is listed in the Table V shows that surprisingly, some RVP reduce compound and show negative blending RVP value.Remarkable so low RVP blending value shows that it is the RVP reduction compound that the RVP of oxygenated gasoline is had remarkable reduction effect.

Embodiment 2

With top comparative example A's gasoline blend and the suitable oxygenatedchemicals blending of 10 volume %.Use ethanol as suitable oxygenatedchemicals.When foundation ASTM D 5191 measured, the RVP of gained oxygenated gasoline was determined as 67.2kPa.Several potential RVP are reduced compound and oxygenated gasoline blending, and the RVP by foundation ASTM D 5191 measures gained gasoline calculates blending RVP value to 1 volume % and 5 volume % concoctions.The result is presented at down in the Table VI.

Table VI RVP blending value (psi)
Table VI RVP blending value (psi)			Have 10 volume % alcoholic acid unleaded regular gasoline
Potential RVP reduces compound	1％	5％	Have 10 volume % alcoholic acid unleaded regular gasoline
Potential RVP reduces compound	1％	5％	The 2-propyl alcohol	-5.25	1.35
The 1-butanols	-8.25	0.15	The 2-propyl alcohol	-5.25	1.35
The 1-butanols	-8.25	0.15	The 2-butanols	-6.25	0.15
1, ammediol	-9.25	I	The 2-butanols	-6.25	0.15
1, ammediol	-9.25	I	2, the 3-butyleneglycol	-3.25	1.95
Glycerine	I	I	2, the 3-butyleneglycol	-3.25	1.95
Glycerine	I	I	Acetate	-8.25	-1.25

I=is soluble

Table VI further specifies oxygenatedchemicals and RVP reduces compound and gasoline blend is concocted the unpredictable character that obtains.1, ammediol is not that suitable R VP reduces compound for the oxygenated gasoline mixture of embodiment 1, and still the oxygenated gasoline mixture for present embodiment is that suitable R VP reduces compound under 1 volume %.Similarly, 2, the 3-butyleneglycol is not that suitable R VP reduces compound under 5 volume % in the oxygenated gasoline mixture of embodiment 1, still the oxygenated gasoline mixture for present embodiment is that suitable R VP reduces compound under 5 volume %.

Result in the Table VI shows that these RVP reduce compound and show negative RVP blending value under 1 volume %.Even under 5 volume % concentration, these RVP reduce compound and show the following RVP blending value of 13.8kPa.Such RVP blending value represents that significant RVP reduces effect.

Top embodiment illustrates RVP and reduces the RVP how compound can reduce oxygenated gasoline.In the area with maximum RVP limit value, refinery produces under the expection situation of RVP increase in the oxygenatedchemicals blending usually, produces the gasoline blend that significantly is lower than this limit value.Because can use suitable R VP to reduce compound to reduce the RVP of oxygenated gasoline, meet the oxygenated gasoline of suitable RVP limit value so refinery can utilize gasoline blend to produce, and this gasoline blend can not be used for producing the oxygenated gasoline that RVP meets under other situations.

Claims

1. gasoline composition comprises:

(a) gasoline blend;

(b) suitable oxygenatedchemicals, wherein the mixture of gasoline blend and suitable oxygenatedchemicals has the RVP value of 47.5kPa at least; With

(c) RVP of significant quantity reduces compound, and wherein RVP reduction compound has the RVP blending value less than 21kPa.

2. gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein RVP reduction compound has the RVP blending value less than about 0.0kPa.

3. gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein suitable oxygenatedchemicals are alcohol.

4. gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein RVP reduction compound is selected from 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, acetate and their combination.

5. as each described gasoline composition in the claim 1～4, wherein suitable oxygenatedchemicals exists with 10 volume % at the most, and RVP reduces compound and exists to about 5 volume % with about 1 volume %.

6. as each described gasoline composition in the claim 1～5, wherein gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals have less than the relative absorbancy of about 0.045 normalization method with the mixture that RVP reduces compound.

7. gasoline composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein gasoline blend has greater than the relative absorbancy of about 0.05 normalization method with the concoction of suitable oxygenatedchemicals.

8. method that reduces the RVP of oxygenated gasoline, described method comprises that the RVP with gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals and significant quantity reduces compound and concocts, wherein the mixture of gasoline blend and suitable oxygenatedchemicals has the RVP value of 47.5kPa at least, and RVP reduces compound and has RVP blending value less than 21kPa.

9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein RVP reduction compound has the RVP blending value less than about 0.0kPa.

10. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein RVP reduction compound is selected from 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, the trimethyl carbinol, 1, ammediol, 2,3-butyleneglycol, acetate and their combination.

11. as each described method in the claim 8～10, wherein ethanol exists with 10 volume % at the most, RVP reduces compound and exists to about 5 volume % with about 1 volume %.

12., wherein concoct at least a suitable oxygenatedchemicals or RVP reduction compound at terminal point as each described method in the claim 8～11.

13., wherein suitable oxygenatedchemicals and RVP reduction compound are concocted with gasoline blend simultaneously as each described method in the claim 8～12.

14., wherein comprise the mixture that RVP reduces compound, gasoline blend and suitable oxygenatedchemicals and have less than the relative absorbancy of about 0.045 normalization method as each described method in the claim 8～13.

15. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein gasoline blend has greater than the relative absorbancy of about 0.05 normalization method with the mixture of suitable oxygenatedchemicals.

16. method that in the production of oxygenated gasoline, reduces the RVP constraint of gasoline blend with predetermined maximum RVP limit value, described method comprises that the RVP with gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals and significant quantity reduces compound and concocts, wherein the mixture of gasoline blend and suitable oxygenatedchemicals has the RVP value greater than predetermined maximum RVP limit value, and gasoline blend, suitable oxygenatedchemicals and the mixture of RVP reduction compound have the RVP value that is less than or equal to predetermined maximum RVP limit value.

17. method as claimed in claim 16, the mixture that wherein comprises RVP reduction compound and oxygenated gasoline has less than the relative absorbancy of about 0.045 normalization method.

18. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein oxygenated gasoline has greater than the relative absorbancy of about 0.05 normalization method.