Water wheel generating set cast steel part defect repair welding crackle processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water wheel generating set cast steel part defect repair welding crackle processing method.
Background technology
Steel-casting accounts for quite heavy ratio in the generating equipment that company produced, the crown of the hydraulic turbine, down ring, web, blade, stator, top cover, base ring etc. and water to send out seat ring, the wheel hub of rotor field spider, the thrust of upper spider in the machine first-class mostly be steel-casting, its material is ZG20SiMn or ZG230-450 normally, characteristics are that size is big, quality heavy, wall thickness, rigidity is strong during welding, constraint (restraint) degree is big, produce very big internal stress during welding, created prerequisite for forming crackle.The carbon equivalent of ZG20SiMn or ZG230-450 is 0.317% to the maximum, and solderability is good in theory, but because steel-casting is smelted segregation, the composition inhomogeneities, formation Local C, S, P element exceed standard, and phosphorus content exceeds standard.As: preheat temperature during welding, heat input, post weld heat treatment is incorrect, and hardened structure will appear in weld seam and heat affected area, and this has just increased generation cold crack trend; Simultaneously, the S element exceeds standard, and forms a large amount of low melting point sulfide and eutectic at intergranular, and phosphorus content exceeds standard has increased austenite quantity in the crystallization process, reduced the solubility of sulphur in solid solution, impel the segregation of sulphur, formed more low melting point sulfide and eutectic, under the effect of internal stress, the HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P defective very easily appears during welding, often occur crackle during repair welding, cause a large amount of durations, manpower, energy consumption, wlding loss and waste, should take measures necessary to solve this difficult problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to a kind of water wheel generating set cast steel part defect repair welding crackle processing method, solve a water wheel generating set cast steel part defect repair welding crackle difficult problem.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: water wheel generating set cast steel part defect repair welding crackle processing method, it comprises removal of defects, preheating, welding and post weld heat treatment step, described removal of defects step adopts machining process, after zero defect is confirmed in dye penetrant inspection, remove greasy dirt impurity; In the described preheating step, preheat temperature is 80-120 ℃; Described welding step adopts multi-pass welding, and heat input is 20-40KJ/cm, core diameter Φ 4, and electric current 170A, voltage 24V, speed of welding is 0.11-0.22cm/s, can do teeter by a small margin in the welding process; Described post weld heat treatment step heating repair welding position and near 150mm-200mm scope are incubated 2 hours to 300-400 ℃.
Described removal of defects step adopts the lonely gouge force method of carbon removal of defects, the carburized layer of must polishing after the carbon arc air gouging removal of defects, and grinding depth is 1.5-2mm, after zero defect is confirmed in dye penetrant inspection, removes greasy dirt impurity.
The intact one deck of every weldering all adopts the air pressure gun vibration in the described welding step.
In the described welding step during repair welding along the welding of two waist multilayer multiple tracks, draw close to the center gradually along repair welding position two waists by weld seam, shrink to both sides along repair welding position two waists during contraction.
In the described welding step, SMAW, hydrogen controlled electrode J507 are adopted in the repair welding of little defective.Big, the dark defective of area adopts SMAW bottoming layer 2-3 earlier, adopts the mixed gas arc welding welding then, and the mist volume ratio is Ar: CO2=8: 2, and welding material ERS0-6.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the large-scale steel-casting repair welding crackle problem that solved, company carries out repair welding according to the present invention to the steel-casting of generating equipment product, weld crack never occurs, for company's steel-casting repair welding has accumulated experience.
The specific embodiment
Further describe technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment: water wheel generating set cast steel part defect repair welding crackle processing method is characterized in that it comprises removal of defects, preheating, welding and post weld heat treatment step.
Removal of defects
Defective can adopt the force method of machining or the lonely gouge of carbon to remove, the carburized layer of must polishing after the carbon arc air gouging removal of defects, grinding depth 1.5-2mm, the possibility that cracks when reducing to weld, zero defect is confirmed in dye penetrant inspection, eradicates formation of crack, removes greasy dirt impurity etc.
Welding material and welding method
The repair welding of little defective can be selected SMAW for use; hydrogen controlled electrode J507, big, the dark defective of area can be selected SMAW bottoming layer 2-3 for use, adopts the mixed gas arc welding welding then; the mist volume ratio is Ar: CO2=8: 2, and welding material ERS0-6.
Preheating
The thermograde that produces when preheating can reduce welding reduces welding stress, prevents the generation of crackle.Preheat temperature is subjected to the influence of chemical analysis, wall thickness, environment, general preheating 80--120C, and wall thickness, preheat temperature can be high when environment temperature was low.
Welding
Control line energy in the welding process, heat input too conference produce Wei Shi soma, influence mechanical performance, and heat input is too little, and hardened structure can appear in weld seam and heat affected area, is easy to generate crackle.Proof employing heat input is that 20-40KJ/cm can meet the demands by experiment.If adopt SMAW, core diameter Φ 4, electric current 170A, voltage 24V, then speed of welding is 0.11-0.22cm/s, can do teeter by a small margin in the welding process.Only control welding current well, voltage, speed of welding could effectively be controlled weld heat input well.
Adopt multi-pass welding, multi-pass welding is convenient to the input of control line energy on the one hand, and layer welding bead in back plays drawing effect to the anterior layer weld seam on the other hand, and the energy crystal grain thinning improves the weld seam mechanical performance, improves the toughness and the plasticity of weld seam, reduces the generation of crackle.Interlayer temperature can not be lower than preheat temperature during welding, should reduce welding point when adopting gas shielded arc welding as far as possible, reduces striking and receives the defective that arc produces.
The intact one deck of every weldering all adopts the air pressure gun vibration in the welding process.One power surface vibration can knock out slag, oxide skin, prevents to weld slag inclusion, and vibration can reduce welding interior stress on the other hand, prevents the generation of crackle.Have only to produce plastic deformation and just can reach the purpose of eliminating internal stress, so extent of vibration goes out to go sightseeing bright with weld seam, produce plastic deformation and be advisable.
For large-scale defective, along two waist multilayers, multiple tracks is welded during repair welding, draw close to the center gradually along repair welding position two waists by weld seam, shrink to both sides along repair welding position two waists during contraction, because two waist weld seams do not connect together as yet, can be separately shrink, avoided that constraint (restraint) degree is excessive to cause the weld seam drawing crack to both sides.When two side welds when the center connects together, the weld seam amount significantly reduces, and because continuous sequence early is heated to higher temperature with the both sides mother metal the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, has reduced the welding temperature gradient, has reduced welding interior stress, thereby reaches the purpose that prevents that crackle from producing.
Post weld heat treatment
After finishing, welding carries out annealing in process immediately, eliminate stress, improve mechanical performance, annealing in process must carry out after-baking immediately, heating repair welding position and near 150mm-200mm scope are to 300-400 ℃, be incubated 2 hours, help the effusion of diffusible hydrogen and prevent weld seam and hardened structure appears in the heat affected area.