CN101101258A - 一种测定硝化棉含氮量与氮量均匀性的方法 - Google Patents

一种测定硝化棉含氮量与氮量均匀性的方法 Download PDF

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CN101101258A
CN101101258A CNA2007101196141A CN200710119614A CN101101258A CN 101101258 A CN101101258 A CN 101101258A CN A2007101196141 A CNA2007101196141 A CN A2007101196141A CN 200710119614 A CN200710119614 A CN 200710119614A CN 101101258 A CN101101258 A CN 101101258A
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王文俊
邵自强
李永红
王继勋
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

该技术属于高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种天然高分子衍生物一硝化棉(NC)含氮量与氮量均匀性的测定。NC纤维可近似看作一种单轴晶体,光入射NC纤维后会发生双折射。双折射率与NC含氮量线性相关。本发明正是以此为根据,采用偏光显微镜四分之一波片法通过测定一个批次(约100根)中每根NC纤维或其上比较直一段的补偿角,并由补偿角计算出该NC纤维的含氮量(补偿角与含氮量的数值关系通过测定若干批次已知含氮量的NC纤维补偿角得到),以待测批次所有NC纤维含氮量的平均值作为该批次NC纤维的含氮量,以该批次NC纤维含氮量的标准方差作为衡量该批次NC纤维氮量分布的指标。

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一种测定硝化棉含氮量与氮量均匀性的方法
技术领域  该技术涉及一种天然高分子衍生物—硝化棉含氮量与氮量均匀性的测定,属于高分子材料检测领域。
背景技术 硝化棉又称硝化纤维素、纤维素硝酸酯(Nitrocellulose,简称NC),其应用范围非常广泛。在军事上,硝化棉是是枪、炮、火箭以及导弹武器用火药及推进剂的主要成分;在民用领域,硝化棉可用于生产速干油漆,汽车、家具及其它工业用陶瓷漆、涂料、赛璐珞制品等。含氮量和氮量的均匀性是NC的主要质量指标,它制约和决定NC的主要性能,如能量的高低、溶解性能的好坏以及可加工性能等。而目前测试NC含氮量的方法如五管氮量计法、干涉仪法、狄瓦尔德合金法等只能得到一批NC的平均含氮量,不能获得不同NC纤维含氮量的分布情况。本发明即提供了一种可同时得到NC平均含氮量和氮量均匀性的方法。
发明内容  本发明的目的是采用偏光显微镜四分之一波片法测试NC含氮量和氮量均匀性。
测试方法为:
1.选择和制备折射率在1.51-1.53的浸液,本发明中浸液由物质1和物质2混合而成,其中,物质1为甘油、水、溴代萘,物质2为煤油、丁香油;
2.取待测的干燥NC纤维适量(约100根),均匀地铺撒在载玻片上,加一到两滴浸液,盖上盖玻片,并驱除可能产生的气泡;
3.调整偏光显微镜的起偏镜和检偏镜使两者正交,插入1/4波片,使仍为暗视场;
4.将准备好的待测样品置于载物台上,调节焦距使一根纤维或是纤维上比较直的一段清晰,转动载物台,使纤维消光。再转动载物台45°,使纤维最亮;
5.旋转检偏镜,使纤维再次消光,记下检偏镜旋转的角度(补偿角)β1
6.重复步骤4和步骤5,测量另外一根纤维相应的补偿角β2
7.按照步骤4和步骤5,测量完所有纤维相应的补偿角β3,β4,β5…βn,求出平均补偿角
Figure A20071011961400031
β ‾ = Σ i = 1 n β i
8.用上述方法测量出5-7个批次已知平均氮量的硝化棉纤维的平均补偿角,将每个批次NC
的平均含氮量与平均补偿角数据作线性回归,得到一条标准工作曲线,曲线方程为
N % = A + B β ‾ - - - ( 1 )
式中,A,B为仪器常数。
9.将待测批次NC纤维的平均补偿角 代入式(1),可求出该批次NC纤维的平均含氮量;
10.将待测批次每根NC纤维测得的补偿角βi代入式(1),可求出每根NC纤维的含氮量;按照式(2)可求出该批次NC纤维含氮量的标准偏差Dξ,并以此表征该批次NC含氮量分布的均匀性。
D ξ = Σ i = 1 n ( β ‾ - β i ) n - 1 - - - ( 2 )
11.按照上述步骤得到的NC含氮量与现在普遍采用的干涉仪法测得的数据相对偏差在0.1%内。
具体实施方式
实施实例如下:
实施实例1
测定100根NC纤维,得到其补偿角数据为:
4,6,5,6,4,5,7,6,6,6,4,3,10,5,4,4,7,6,3,5,4,12,2,3,5,6,5,5,7,6,4,2,6,7,6,2,8,4,3,3,7,6,4,3,4,6,3,4,6,4,6,4,6,5,7,5,5,7,4,5,6,5,4,10,4,6,6,6,6,6,5,7,5,3,3,7,6,4,6,6,7,2,4,5,6,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,14,3,6,5,6,2,5,6,5。
求得平均补偿角 β ‾ 1 = 5.2 , 计算出平均含氮量为11.91%,Dξ=3.677。
干涉仪法测定的该批次NC的含氮量为11.9%,两者的相对偏差为0.08%。
实施实例2
测定100根NC纤维,得到其补偿角数据为:
1,1,2,0,1,0,3,0,2,3,0,1,3,4,1,2,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,4,1,3,1,2,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,3,0,0,0,2,1,0,1,0,1,0,2,2,1,0,0,4,1,2,0,3,2,3,0,1,0,4,2,5,0,2,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,3,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,3,1,1,1,1,1,1。
求得平均补偿角 β ‾ 1 = 0.86 , 计算出平均含氮量为12.166%,Dξ=1.853。
干涉仪法测定的该批次NC的含氮量为12.17%,两者的相对偏差为0.03%。
实施实例3
测定100根NC纤维,得到其补偿角数据为:
5,1,6,2,3,1,7,2,3,4,6,2,3,4,6,3,3,4,3,3,4,4,5,3,2,3,8,3,2,2,2,3,1,3,3,3,2,3,3,3,2,3,4,3,1,1,5,1,2,3,3,1,5,4,1,4,4,2,1,10,3,2,1,7,4,1,1,1,3,3,1,1,3,3,1,1,2,1,1,1,4,3,1,1,4,3,1,1,2,2,1,1,2,2,2,4,2,3,2,6。
求得平均补偿角 β ‾ 1 = 2.81 , 计算出平均含氮量为12.25%,Dξ=2.943。
干涉仪法测定的该批次NC的含氮量为12.25%,两者的相对偏差为0%。
实施实例4
测定100根NC纤维,得到其补偿角数据为:
17,14,15,10,10,16,9,16,11,12,14,12,12,18,12,10,14,14,20,8,10,14,22,12,8,14,10,13,12,10,10,10,16,12,10,20,10,12,10,18,20,12,11,10,10,11,5,16,14,11,12,16,16,14,22,25,16,13,8,10,13,16,22,17,12,17,10,18,12,11,17,12,18,10,15,19,16,12,15,15,12,11,15,15,10,10,15,12,10,9,15,19,10,13,12,17,16,10,12,16。
求得平均补偿角 β ‾ 1 = 13.53 , 计算出平均含氮量为12.71%,Dξ=14.11。
干涉仪法测定的该批次NC的含氮量为12.72%,两者的相对偏差为0.08%。

Claims (2)

1.采用偏光显微镜四分之一波片法测试硝化棉含氮量与氮量均匀性,其特征在于它的测试方法具体是:
(1)选择和制备折射率在1.51-1.53的浸液,本发明中浸液由物质1和物质2混合而成;
(2)取待测的干燥NC纤维适量,均匀地铺撒在载玻片上,加一到两滴浸液,盖上盖玻片,并驱除气泡;
(3)调整偏光显微镜的起偏镜和检偏镜使两者正交,插入1/4波片,使仍为暗视场;
(4)将准备好的待测样品置于载物台上,转动载物台,使纤维消光,再转动载物台45°,使纤维最亮;
(5)旋转检偏镜,使纤维再次消光,记下检偏镜旋转的角度(补偿角)β1
(6)重复步骤4和步骤5,测量另外一根纤维相应的补偿角β2
(7)按照步骤4和步骤5,测量完所有纤维相应的补偿角β3,β4,β5...βn,求出平均补偿角
Figure A2007101196140002C1
β ‾ = Σ i = 1 n β i
(8)用上述方法测量出5-7个批次已知平均氮量的硝化棉纤维的平均补偿角,将每个批次NC的平均含氮量与平均补偿角数据作线性回归,得到一条标准工作曲线,曲线方程为
N % = A + B β ‾ - - - ( 1 )
式中,A,B为仪器常数。
(9)将待测批次NC纤维的平均补偿角
Figure A2007101196140002C4
代入式(1),可求出该批次NC纤维的平均含氮量;
(10)将待测批次每根NC纤维测得的补偿角βi代入式(1),可求出每根NC纤维的含氮量;按照式(2)可求出该批次NC纤维含氮量的标准偏差Dξ,并以此表征该批次NC含氮量分布的均匀性。
D ξ = Σ i = 1 n ( β ‾ - β i ) n - 1 - - - ( 2 )
2.如权利要求1所述的一种测定硝化棉含氮量与氮量均匀性的方法,其特征在于物质1为甘油、水、溴代萘,物质2为煤油、丁香油。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101936808A (zh) * 2010-09-27 2011-01-05 成都光明光电股份有限公司 环保化折射液
CN103033605A (zh) * 2012-12-06 2013-04-10 西安近代化学研究所 一种推进剂中硝化棉组分定量分析方法
CN105784701A (zh) * 2016-03-09 2016-07-20 西安近代化学研究所 一种硝化棉含氮量测试系统及含氮量检测方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101936808A (zh) * 2010-09-27 2011-01-05 成都光明光电股份有限公司 环保化折射液
CN103033605A (zh) * 2012-12-06 2013-04-10 西安近代化学研究所 一种推进剂中硝化棉组分定量分析方法
CN103033605B (zh) * 2012-12-06 2015-08-26 西安近代化学研究所 一种推进剂中硝化棉组分定量分析方法
CN105784701A (zh) * 2016-03-09 2016-07-20 西安近代化学研究所 一种硝化棉含氮量测试系统及含氮量检测方法
CN105784701B (zh) * 2016-03-09 2018-12-11 西安近代化学研究所 一种硝化棉含氮量测试系统及含氮量检测方法

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