CN101100500B - Polyurethane shape memory macromolecule material and synthetic technique thereof - Google Patents
Polyurethane shape memory macromolecule material and synthetic technique thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A polyurethane shape memory polymer material and its synthesis are disclosed. The process is carried out by vacuum dewatering, pre-polymerization reacting 2,4-toluene diiso-cyanate with DMF under N2 protection, dripping into polyhydric alcohol to obtain pre-polymer, chain-extending reacting DMPA with 1,4-BDO, neutralization reacting TEA with DMPA carboxyl, and adding water 300-1000 ml to obtain final product. The final solution concentration is 15-25 mol%. It has excellent waterproof, gas-permeation performances and moisture-penetrability.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The present invention relates to the preparing technical field of temperature control type shape-memory polymer, be specifically related to a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material and synthesis technique thereof.
Background technology:
Shapememory polymer or shape-memory polymer (SMP, Shape Memory Polymer) are new branches of macromolecular material research, exploitation, application as a kind of functional high molecule material.Since the sixties in 20th century Ni-Ti alloy shape memory function be found after, shape-memory material just causes world's extensive concern with its property.Ota.SL1 in 1981 etc. make the crosslinked polyethylene that makes have special heat by radiation method and reply shape memory effect, become the first routine shape memory high molecule material in the world.SMP compares with shape memory alloy (SMA), have plurality of advantages such as deflection is big, figuration easy, shape memory temperature is easy to adjustment, electrical insulating property and high insulating effect, light weight is inexpensive, can be widely used in fields such as health care, sports, covil construction, automobile, military affairs and space flight and aviation, so since the eighties in last century, SMP causes people's very big interest, becomes a class novel intelligent material of sudden emergence.
So-called shape memory, the goods that are meant and have original shape (playing primary state) are after (deformation states) fixed in deformation, processing by outside stimulus means such as light, heat, electricity, potential of hydrogen (pH value), phase transformation reactions can recover the characteristic of its original shape again, thereby finishes the working cycle of " remembered primary state-fixed deformation attitude-recovered primary state " shape memory; That polymer with this characteristic is called is photic, thermic, electricity are made peace chemical co-ordination type SMP.Wherein thermotropic SMP is with the behavior of temperature control shape memory, and easy and simple to handle, materials processing is easy, tool potentiality to be exploited.Its application prospect is very wide, has been widely used in industries such as building, medical science, weaving and packing.
Shape memory high molecule material is mainly used in the arrangement processing of fabric aspect textile garment, for example produce leather, garment material etc., both can spinning to give the yarn memory function, also can be used as textile coating agent and carry out functional coat, fabric is carried out the shape memory arrangement.Present research concentrates on this macromolecular material of shape memory polyurethane mostly, the applied research of this material is mainly concentrated again be application in proofed breathable fabric and the application in wrinkle proofing.From the shape memory polyurethane macromolecular material that has worked out, the problem that prior art exists is: (1) shape memory effect is undesirable: critical memory temperature is accurate not enough, the response accuracy that can make variation of ambient temperature is not high yet, shape-memory material also all is unidirectional memory, promptly can only remember and recover the low temperature shape.(2) waterproof of product, the ventilative and effect ideal not enough that wets thoroughly: air permeable effect mainly relies on the spacing between the control PUs molecule to realize, but accurate not enough because of its critical memory temperature, waterproof, ventilative and wet thoroughly function also exist deficiency.(3) fabric often has a colour-change phenomena after arrangement: because in the present shape memory polyurethane of understanding synthetic, the oxy-compound that is adopted mostly is dibasic alcohol, wherein based on polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG), yet, with the synthetic mesophase monomer of PEG as shape memory polyurethane, molecular weight is little, can not form three reticulated structures, and when the PEG molecular weight greater than 700 the time, be the wax semi-solid state, crystalline state partly increases, not only make synthetic operation inconvenience, and the finishing composition multi-dimensional nature of making is poor, and the low temperature flexibility after film forming on the fabric is poor, so fabric often has colour-change phenomena after this finishing composition arrangement.(4) practical value is little: because synthesis technique is unreasonable, cause currently available products to move towards the industrialization.
Summary of the invention:
It is undesirable that the present invention will overcome the shape memory effect that prior art exists, and the waterproof of product, ventilative and wet thoroughly effect are undesirable, and fabric often has colour-change phenomena and the little problem of practical value after arrangement.
For overcoming the problem that prior art exists, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material, form by following technology is synthetic, and synthesis technique comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, N dimethyl formamide and 14-butyleneglycol drying, polyvalent alcohol vacuumizes dehydration 1.5-3h (moisture is less than 0.01%) under 100-130 ℃ condition;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 20-40 gram and DMF20-35ml under the condition of protection, drip the polyvalent alcohol 80-150 gram of metering, get prepolymer at 65-80 ℃ of stirring reaction 1.5-3h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 1-5 gram 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) 20-50 gram adds in the reactor and carries out chain extending reaction 1-3h, obtains the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine (TEA) 10-40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 15-30min under 20-50 ℃, add the water of 300-1000ml simultaneously, the mass concentration of last solution is 15-25%.
A kind of synthesis technique of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, N dimethyl formamide and 14-butyleneglycol drying, polyvalent alcohol vacuumizes dehydration 1.5-3h (moisture is less than 0.01%) under 100-130 ℃ condition;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 20-40 gram and DMF20-35ml under the condition of protection, drip the polyvalent alcohol 80-150 gram of metering, get prepolymer at 65-80 ℃ of stirring reaction 1.5-3h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 1-5 gram 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) 20-50 gram adds in the reactor and carries out chain extending reaction 1-3h, obtains the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine (TEA) 10-40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 15-30min under 20-50 ℃, add the water of 300-1000ml simultaneously, the mass concentration of last solution is 15-25%.
Above-mentioned polyvalent alcohol comprises polyether glycol, polyester polyol etc., is good to select polyether glycol for use wherein.
Above-mentioned polyether glycol is synthetic by following technology, and reaction formula is:
Wherein: the polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), and ratio is 1:1-4; The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1:1-5.
Above-mentioned polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), and ratio is 1:1-2; The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1:1-3.
The present invention realizes the shape memory function of urethane by the add-on of controlling soft section of hard section compositing monomer and suitable molecular weight, the product of synthesis technique preparation compared with prior art, its advantage is:
(1) have good shape memory effect: the second-order transition temperature of soft section phase of the shape memory polyurethane of preparation is about-50 ℃, and soft section crystallization-melting transition temperature is at 17-25 ℃.The soft section low explanation urethane of phase second-order transition temperature soft or hard two-phase separated thoroughly, and this soft just section forms one of crystalline prerequisite mutually.And crystalline has guaranteed that mutually this coating-forming agent has higher response accuracy and response sensitivity to envrionment temperature for soft section; 17-25 ℃ of critical transition temperature of the present invention (being crystallization-melting transition temperature of soft section) is very near comfortable environment temperature 15.6-21 ℃ the most of human body.Polyurethane shape memory high molecule material of the present invention is used for the saturating vapour of fabric waterproof, wet finishing functions processing thoroughly, with the fabric of this macromolecular material when temperature variation, two kinds of shapes in the time of remembering and recover high low temperature.
(2) waterproof, ventilative, wet effect enhancing thoroughly: 1. because the aperture of film is far smaller than the water droplet mean diameter, the present invention can make fabric have the excellent waterproof effect.2. the intermolecular of urethane expanded or shrinks with the rising or the reduction of body temperature every meeting, as human body skin, can open or closed pore according to body temperature, and play the warming effect of temperature adjustment, thereby improve the adaptability and the comfortableness of fabric to wearing environment.Utilize the ventilation property of shape memory polyurethane can be subjected to temperature to control this characteristics, make its ventilation property that tangible change be arranged near the spacing between the control PUs molecule response temperature scope, the present invention is set in room temperature (17-25 ℃) with response temperature, then coated fabric can play when low temperature (being lower than response temperature), the thermal effect of low gas permeability; When (being higher than response temperature), the thermolysis of highly air-permeable has ventilative well temperature adjustment function at high temperature.3. Zhi Bei shape memory polyurethane has stronger saturating wet ability, its soft chain segment has tangible crystallization, and make that its response accuracy to envrionment temperature (being the temperature interval size that the coated fabric water vapour permeability is undergone mutation) and response sensitivity (being the multiple of coated fabric water vapour permeability in the front and back sudden change) are higher, the response accuracy of envrionment temperature is about 15 ℃ of △.Waterproof, ventilative, the enhancing of wet effect have thoroughly ensured that effectively fabric can both keep good snugness of fit under all temps condition and humidity environment.
(3) fabric often has colour-change phenomena after arrangement: the present invention is according to the basic demand of fabric to finishing composition, adopt P0 (propylene oxide) and E0 (ethylene oxide) the rational hydrophilic segment that distributes, adopt trivalent alcohol as initiator, design voluntarily and synthesized and have more polyether glycol synthetic intermediate targetedly, this intermediate has good hydrophilicity, the finishing composition multi-dimensional nature of making is good, low temperature flexibility after film forming on the fabric is good, so fabric colour-change phenomena can not occur after this finishing composition arrangement.
(4) technology is simple, reasonable, is suitable for large-scale industrial production and uses the practical value height.
Embodiment:
The present invention is described further by the following examples:
Embodiment 1:
Needing homemade raw material is polyether glycol, and this polyvalent alcohol initiator is selected glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP) for use, and ratio is 1:1; The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1:1.Hydroxyl value: 50-65, mgKOH/g functional group number: 3, acid number: 0.1-0.3mgKOH/g, moisture: 0.02-0.06%, outward appearance: faint yellow, water-soluble: water-soluble, pH value: 5-5.5.
Polyether glycol building-up reactions formula:
It is as shown in the table for synthetic polyether glycol the key technical indexes:
The key technical indexes of table 1 polyether glycol
Annotate: hydroxyl value, acid number unit are mgKOH/g, and the pH value is 1% solution.
A kind of synthesis technique of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, N dimethyl formamide and 14-butyleneglycol drying, polyether glycol vacuumizes dehydration 1.5 under 100 ℃ condition.
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 30 gram and DMF35ml under the condition of protection, drip polyether glycol 150 grams of metering, get prepolymer at 80 ℃ of stirring reaction 1.5h.
(3) chain extending reaction: with 1 gram 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) 50 gram adds in the reactors and carries out chain extending reaction 1h, obtains the product behind the chain extension.
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine (TEA) 40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 30min under 20 ℃, add the water of 300ml simultaneously.
Embodiment 2:
The polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), and ratio is 1:4;
The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1:5.React the same preparation polyether glycol.
A kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material is finished by following technology,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, N dimethyl formamide and 14-butyleneglycol drying, polyester polyol vacuumizes dehydration 3h under 130 ℃ condition;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 20 gram and DMF20ml under the condition of protection, drip polyester polyol 100 grams of metering, get prepolymer at 65 ℃ of stirring reaction 1.5h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 5 grams 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) 20 gram adds in the reactors and carries out chain extending reaction 3h, obtains the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine (TEA) 10-40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 15min under 50 ℃, add the water of 1000ml simultaneously.
Embodiment 3:
The polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), and ratio is 1:2;
The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1:3.React the same preparation polyether glycol.
A kind of synthesis technique of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, N dimethyl formamide and 14-butyleneglycol drying, polyether glycol vacuumizes dehydration 2h under 120 ℃ condition;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 30 gram and DMF25ml under the condition of protection, drip polyether glycol 120 grams of metering, get prepolymer at 70 ℃ of stirring reaction 2h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 3 grams 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) 35 gram adds in the reactors and carries out chain extending reaction 2h, obtains the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine (TEA) 10-40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 20min under 35 ℃, add the water of 600ml simultaneously.
Embodiment 4:
The polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), and ratio is 1:4;
The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1:1.React the same preparation polyether glycol.
A kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material forms by following technology is synthetic, and synthesis technique comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, N dimethyl formamide and 14-butyleneglycol drying, polyvalent alcohol vacuumizes dehydration 3h under 130 ℃ condition;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 40 gram and DMF20ml under the condition of protection, drip polyvalent alcohol 80 grams of metering, get prepolymer at 65 ℃ of stirring reaction 3h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 5 grams 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) 20 gram adds in the reactors and carries out chain extending reaction 3h, obtains the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine (TEA) 10 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 30min under 50 ℃, add the water of 1000ml simultaneously.
Use the example of embodiment 3 products: the loomage water proof and moisture permeable arrangement
Use fluorine-containing water repellent (the sharp fluorine treasured difficult to understand) 50g/l of Ciba company that pure nylon base cloth is refused water pretreatment (90 ℃ of oven dry, 160 ℃ bake 3min).(the fabric rate of body weight gain is about 15g/m to pure nylon base cloth coating with the shape memory polyurethane that mixes up viscosity again
2), afterwards in 90 ℃ of oven dry, 160 ℃ bake 3min.Test result sees Table 2.
Salient features after table 2 coated fabric is handled
| Temperature/℃ | Water pressure resistance/kPa | Vapor transfer rate/g. (m 2.24h) -1 | Water vapour permeability/g. (m 224h.Pa) -1×10 4 |
| 5 | —— | 365 | 4.10 |
| 10 | —— | 612 | 4.35 |
| 15 | —— | 1216 | 5.32 |
| 20 | —— | 1995 | 6.08 |
| 25 | 4.25 | 3025 | 6.45 |
| 30 | —— | 4528 | 6.38 |
Claims (6)
1. polyurethane shape memory high molecule material forms by following technology is synthetic, and synthesis technique comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, dinethylformamide DMF and 1,4-butyleneglycol BDO drying, polyvalent alcohol vacuumizes dehydration 1.5-3h under 100-130 ℃ condition, and moisture is less than 0.01%;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 20-40 gram and DMF20-35ml under the condition of protection, drip the polyvalent alcohol 80-150 gram of metering, get prepolymer at 65-80 ℃ of stirring reaction 1.5-3h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 1-5 gram 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid DMPA20-50 gram add in the reactor and carry out chain extending reaction 1-3h, obtain the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine 10-40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 15-30min under 20-50 ℃, add the water of 300-1000ml simultaneously, the mass concentration of last solution is 15-25%.
2. the synthesis technique of a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps successively,
(1) material vacuum dehydration: N, dinethylformamide and 1,4-butyleneglycol drying, polyvalent alcohol vacuumizes dehydration 1.5-3h under 100-130 ℃ condition, and moisture is less than 0.01%;
(2) prepolymerization reaction: N
2Add 2,4 toluene diisocyanate 20-40 gram and DMF20-35ml under the condition of protection, drip the polyvalent alcohol 80-150 gram of metering, get prepolymer at 65-80 ℃ of stirring reaction 1.5-3h;
(3) chain extending reaction: with 1-5 gram 1,4-BDO and dimethylol propionic acid 20-50 gram add in the reactor and carry out chain extending reaction 1-3h, obtain the product behind the chain extension;
(4) neutralization reaction: with triethylamine 10-40 gram fully in and the carboxyl of DMPA, neutralization reaction is carried out 15-30min under 20-50 ℃, add the water of 300-1000ml simultaneously, the mass concentration of last solution is 15-25%.
3. the synthesis technique of a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described polyvalent alcohol is a polyester polyol.
4. the synthesis technique of a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described polyvalent alcohol is a polyether glycol.
5. the synthesis technique of a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described polyether glycol is synthetic by following technology, and reaction formula is,
Wherein: the polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), and ratio is 1: 1-4; The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1: 1-5.
6. the synthesis technique of a kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described polyvalent alcohol initiator is glycerine and TriMethylolPropane(TMP), ratio is 1: 1-2; The ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 1: 1-3.
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| CN101503858B (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2013-03-06 | 上虞市光明化工有限公司 | Preparation of solvent polyurethane finishing agent |
| CN101914854B (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-10-24 | 高鼎精细化工(昆山)有限公司 | Temperature sensitive type waterproof moisture-penetrating urethane resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN102050931B (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏博特新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of alkali resistant waterborne polyurethane emulsion |
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| CN102432820A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-05-02 | 吴江市北厍盛源纺织品助剂厂 | Method for preparing modified environment-friendly polyurethane |
| CN102352565A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-02-15 | 吴江市北厍盛源纺织品助剂厂 | Preparation method of modified environmental-friendly polyurethane coating textile |
| CN105524289B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-11-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The preparation method of shape memory polyurethane film covering solution |
| CN105820301A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Production method of shape memory polymer plastic coin substrate |
| CN105693996B (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2019-01-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The production method and its application of shape-memory polymer leather smoothing wrinkle coating material |
| CN108059710A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-22 | 黑龙江鑫达企业集团有限公司 | A kind of polyurethane shape memory high molecule material and its synthesis technology |
| CN106757491A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 宁波高新区敦和科技有限公司 | A kind of method of modifying of antibiotic multifunctional fibre material |
| CN106750127A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 宁波高新区敦和科技有限公司 | A kind of method by chain catalytic reaction preparation temperature shape memory high molecule material |
| CN106867233A (en) * | 2017-02-18 | 2017-06-20 | 河南工程学院 | A kind of heat resistant and wear resistant macromolecular material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108084394B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-09-29 | 青岛科技大学 | Shape memory rigid polyurethane foam medical splint material and preparation method thereof |
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