CN101099318B - 无线lan中的视频广播技术 - Google Patents

无线lan中的视频广播技术 Download PDF

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CN101099318B
CN101099318B CN038267519A CN03826751A CN101099318B CN 101099318 B CN101099318 B CN 101099318B CN 038267519 A CN038267519 A CN 038267519A CN 03826751 A CN03826751 A CN 03826751A CN 101099318 B CN101099318 B CN 101099318B
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video
channel
lan
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area network
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CN101099318A (zh
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古拉梅·毕考特
库马尔·拉马斯瓦米
张军标
查尔斯·传铭·王
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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    • H04N21/43637—Adapting the video stream to a specific local network, e.g. a Bluetooth® network involving a wireless protocol, e.g. Bluetooth, RF or wireless LAN [IEEE 802.11]
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    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
    • H04N21/4622—Retrieving content or additional data from different sources, e.g. from a broadcast channel and the Internet
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    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H04N7/163—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing by receiver means only
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    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

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Abstract

无线局域网(10)通过数据LAN(14)提供数据服务，并且还通过视频LAN(26)提供视频广播服务。无线LAN用户通过多个视频接入点(VAP)(281和282)接入视频LAN，其中VAP在频率与用户用来接入数据LAN的频率不同的信道上广播多个视频节目。每个VAP将视频信道维持在单向仅广播模式，以防止无线LAN用户试图在该信道上上行传输信息。以这种方式，无线LAN可以对数据和视频传输采用公共的协议，并且以最大的允许下行传输速率来传送视频流。

Description

无线LAN中的视频广播技术
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使无线局域网(LAN)用户能够从无线LAN获取视频的技术。 
背景技术
无线LAN技术领域的发展已经导致在休息区、咖啡屋、图书馆以及类似公共设施处出现公众可接入的无线LAN(例如，“hot spots(热点)”)。当前，无线LAN向移动无线通信设备的用户提供了对专用数据网络(例如，公司内联网)或公共数据网络(例如，因特网)的访问。实现及运行无线LAN的相对低廉的成本以及可获得的高带宽(常常超过10Mb/s)使无线LAN变为理想的接入机制，移动无线通信设备的用户可以通过这种接入机制来与外部实体交换分组。 
一般地，想接入无线LAN的人是为了访问互连计算机的网络，例如因特网、广域网(WAN)或公司内联网。通过访问这种网络，无线LAN用户不仅可以获得文本文件，还可以获得多媒体文件(包括流传输视频)。在互连计算机的大型网络(例如，因特网)上提供视频仍然是相对复杂的事务，因为这一过程常常与IP多播以及因特网服务质量事项关联在一起。 
于是，需要一种克服前述缺点的技术来向无线LAN用户提供视频(包括嵌入的音频信息)。 
发明内容
简而言之，根据本发明的优选实施例，通过与用于其他数据服务的载波不同的专用射频(RF)数据载波来向无线网络中的用户提供视频(包括嵌入音频)。最初，无线LAN从一个或多个源接收视频。然后 将所接收到的视频编码为至少一种指定格式。然后通过一个或多个接入点(AP)在视频信道上广播编码视频，其中视频信道上的射频(RF)数据载波与无线LAN中用来传输IP数据的信道的数据载波不同。在视频信道上广播视频的同时，通过防止任何无线LAN用户试图在视频信道上进行传输，将该信道的独占性维持在单向传输。因为“移动向AP”的上行路径和“AP向移动”的下行路径共享相同的固定射频带宽，所以将视频信道维持在单向仅广播模式使得可以使用传统的无线LAN技术来向无线LAN用户以最大的可能下行传输速率传输视频。 
附图说明
图1图示了根据本发明的提供视频广播服务的无线LAN网络的示意框图。 
具体实施方式
图1示出了无线局域网(LAN)10的示意框图，其中无线LAN 10向通过移动无线通信设备12接入无线LAN的无线LAN用户提供数据接入和视频广播服务，移动无线通信设备12示例性地被示为个人数字助理(PDA)。除了PDA 12之外或者代替PDA 12，用户可以通过其他移动无线通信设备(未示出)接入无线LAN10，例如无线手持电话或包括无线调制解调器或无线网卡的笔记本计算机。 
无线网络10包括数据LAN 14，其通过路由器15连接到互连计算机的网络16，例如因特网。或者，互连计算机的网络16可以包括广域网(WAN)或公司内联网。多个接入点(AP，以AP 181、182和183 为例)中的每一个使无线用户能通过PDA 12或其他类型移动无线通信设备接入数据LAN 14。在这方面，AP 181、182和183中每一个包括用于向/从每个想与数据LAN 16建立通信会话的移动无线通信设备发送/接收信号的无线收发机(未示出)。为了实现这种无线通信，AP 181、182和183中每一个通常将利用一个或多个公知的无线LAN协议，例如IEEE 802.11以及ETSI Hiperlan2协议。 
除了提供数据接入之外，无线LAN 10还提供视频广播服务，通过这种服务，无线LAN的用户可以获得视频信息(还包括嵌入的音频)。为此，无线LAN 10包括一个或多个用于接收无线视频的视频源(以卫星天线20为例)以及用于提供一个或多个以数字格式存储的视频文件(以相关音频文件)的视频服务器22。其他视频源(未示出)可以包括实况视频以及一个或多个模拟或数字回放设备。编码转换器/编码器24将视频(以及嵌入音频，如果存在的话)的编码转换为一种合适的格式，例如MPEG 2或JVT MPEG 4第10部分/H.264，并采用标准传输格式将其在WLAN 26上广播，其中标准传输格式可以是以太网或IP-over-Ethernet(以太网)或RTP-over-UDP-over-IP或任何其他适当的格式。
在移动无线通信设备(例如，PDA 12)通过一个或多个视频接入点(VAP，由VAP 281和282最好地示例)所接入的视频LAN 26中接收来自编码转换器/编码器24的编码视频。VAP 281和282中每一个包括发射机，用于在视频信道上发送编码视频(以及嵌入音频，如果存在的话)，其中视频信道的频率不同于每个AP 181～183内的收发机用来广播和接收IP数据的信道的频率。为了帮助PDA 12以及其他类型移动无线通信设备的接入，VAP 281和282通常与每个AP 181～183利用相同的无线LAN协议。因此，例如，VAP 281和282通常将采用IEEE 802.11以及ETSI Hiperlan2协议中的一个或两个。 
利用IEEE 802.11以及ETSI Hiperlan2协议中的一个或两个将大大简化每个下载数据和视频的移动无线通信设备所使用的接口。然而，对于视频LAN 26所提供的视频广播服务，以传统形式来使用这些公知协议中的每一种可能出现困难，因为每种协议需要几乎同步的传输服务。为了帮助无线LAN用户接入数据LAN 14，IEEE 802.11和ETSIHiperlan2协议提供下行和上行能力。然而，在移动无线通信设备内提供上行到VAP 281和282之一的能力是不受欢迎的。移动无线通信设备只要尝试将数据上行传输到VAP 281和282之一，就会减小VAP将视频下行传输到其他移动无线通信设备的伪同步服务能力。因此，根据本原理，VAP 281和282特别地防止每个移动通信设备向其传输数据。下面的讨论针对在IEEE 802.11和ETSI Hiperlan2协议中的每一个中 防止数据上行的方式。 
·IEEE 802.11 
IEEE 802.11协议采用CSMA/CA(冲突侦听多路访问/冲突避免，Collision Sense Multiple access/Collision Avoidance)，CSMA/CA利用分布式媒体访问控制(MAC，Medium Access Control)机制，由此所有移动无线通信设备和接入点获取信道的权限/机会相同。使VAP281和282中每一个能够永久占用信道的一种方法是修改每个VAP广播的视频信息的每一帧的包头中的网络分配向量(NAV，NetworkAllocation Vector)。NAV指定当前的数据交换应该结束的时间。为了避免可能的冲突，移动无线通信设备应该读取NAV中的该信息，并且在这一时间过去之前不会尝试获取信道。这样，通过修改每个VAP所广播的帧中的NAV来提供最大时间，VAP可以防止每个移动无线通信设备在传送视频的信道上上行传输数据。 
·ETSI/Hiperlan2 
ETSI/Hiperlan2协议包括集中式媒体访问控制(MAC)，其中接入点(AP)充当中央控制器。如下所述，ETSI/Hiperlan2无需进行任何改变就能应对等时同步(isosynchronous)传输。利用ETSI/Hiperlan2协议，AP可以保证几乎独占使用信道。根据该协议的规范，AP决定并向移动无线通信设备通知关于MAC帧(包括预留给随机信道的部分)的结构。随机信道是这样的时隙：在该时隙期间，任何移动无线通信设备可以根据分布式随机接入算法(例如，CSMA)获得接入。AP有义务为该随机信道维持至少9字节宽的时隙。对于最差情形(BPSK调制)，9字节宽的时隙可以长达12μs，或者对于最好情形(64位QAM)，可以短到0.25ns。一种解决方案是去除这种限制，并简单地丢弃随机信道。所得到的抖动通常在某些常见视频传输格式(例如，MPEG2传输流格式)的容许范围内。 
考虑前述因素，移动无线通信设备(例如，PDA 12)可以使用相同的无线收发机来交换IP数据或接收视频广播服务。实际上，许多当前的移动无线通信设备支持单个无线协议(例如，IEEE 802.11或ETSI/Hiperlan2)。然而，当前技术的发展将很有可能导致出现支持两 种或多种不同协议的移动无线通信设备，由此使数据AP 18和VAP 28能够支持不同的这种技术。 
为了覆盖无线LAN 10所围绕的整个地理区域，可能必须使一组接入点互相连接在一起。为了避免(或限制)无线频带的重叠，频率规划就变为必要。对于IEEE 802.11b可用三种不同频率的信道，于是可以将两个信道用于数据LAN 14，并且将其余一个信道用于视频广播。对于5GHz无线技术，例如IEEE 802.11b和ETSI Hiperlan2，通常可用八个信道，这允许更容易地进行频率规划。 
为了简化安装并限制成本，无线LAN 10可以采用下行转发器(未示出)来转发视频广播。这种转发器可以工作于无线电域(domain)，并且转发VAP 281和282之一所广播的视频。可以将转发的信号调换到另一频带中，以便限制多径效应。还可以使用定向(多波束)天线。 
为了支持无线LAN 10中可用的视频广播服务，每个移动无线通信设备(例如，PDA 12)必须支持下列功能。 
·网络切换： 
在关联到数据无线LAN 14时，移动无线通信设备应该具备这样的能力：在用户动作(菜单或按钮选择)时发起对视频LAN 26的选择。移动无线通信根据VAP 281和282所广播的信标(beacon)帧的包头中的系统ID(IEEE 802.11 ESSID或ETSI Hiperlan2 OPID)来识别视频LAN 26。当从视频LAN 26接收到视频广播时，移动无线通信设备还应该具备这样的能力：在用户动作(菜单或按钮选择)时发起对数据LAN 14的选择。移动无线通信设备根据在切换到视频LAN之前所保存的数据LAN的系统ID来选择数据LAN 14。 
·分组监听： 
在视频广播模式中，移动无线通信设备并不将其自身关联到VAP281～282中任一个。于是，移动无线通信设备一旦切换到视频LAN 26，就会侦听广播视频，而不会试图关联到VAP。移动无线通信设备将利用最小静态配置(无DHCP)建立不同的协议层。取决于移动无线通信设备的特性以及所传输的视频信息的格式，一个或多个VAP可以并行多播数个视频流，其中每个具有不同的配置文件/等级，以便应对寻求 视频广播服务的移动无线通信设备的可能的不同类型。 
前面描述了一种用于使用户能够交换数据并从无线LAN获取视频的技术。 

Claims (14)

1.一种用于在无线局域网中向至少一个用户提供视频的方法，包括如下步骤：
从至少一个源接收用于视频广播服务的视频；
将视频编码为至少一种指定格式；
将视频在视频信道上广播，所述视频信道的RF载波频率不同于向接入点发送或从接入点接收用于数据接入服务的数据的无线数据信道的载波频率，其中，所述无线数据信道不同于所述视频信道；以及
至少在所述视频信道传送视频时将所述视频信道维持在单向仅广播模式，由此防止用户在所述视频信道上上行传输信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，无线局域网利用IEEE802.11和ETST/Hiperlan2协议中的一种，并且通过调整由所述一种协议所规定的至少一个参数来维持所述视频信道的所述仅广播模式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，所述无线局域网利用IEEE 802.11协议，并且通过在无线接入点处调整传送所广播的视频的帧中存在的网络分配向量来维持所述视频信道的所述仅广播模式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，所述无线局域网利用ETSI/Hiperlan2协议，并且通过去除对随机信道的访问来维持所述视频信道的所述仅广播模式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，从多个源接收所述视频。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，根据MPEG 2和JVT MPEG4第10部分/H.264格式之一来编码视频。
7.一种用于在无线局域网中向至少一个用户提供视频的系统，包括：
用于从至少一个源接收用于视频广播服务的视频的接收机；
用于将来自所述接收机的视频编码为至少一种指定格式的编码器；
用于将来自所述编码器的视频在视频信道上广播的视频广播网络，其中所述视频信道的频率不同于从接入点广播用于数据接入服务的数据的无线数据信道，其中，所述无线数据信道不同于所述视频信道，同时将所述视频信道维持在仅广播模式，由此防止用户在所述视频信道上上行传输信息。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征是，视频广播网络包括：
连接到编码器的视频局域网；以及
连接到所述视频局域网的至少一个视频接入点，用于广播由所述视频局域网传送的来自所述编码器的视频，并将所述视频信道维持在所述仅广播模式。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征是，所述至少一个视频接入点利用IEEE 802.11和ETST/Hiperlan2协议中的一种，并且所述视频接入点通过根据所述一种协议来调整所广播的视频的至少一个参数，来维持所述视频信道的所述仅广播模式。
10.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征是，所述至少一个视频接入点利用IEEE 802.11协议，并且所述视频接入点通过调整传送所广播的视频的帧中存在的网络分配向量来维持所述视频信道的所述仅广播模式。
11.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征是，所述视频接入点利用ETSI/Hiperlan2协议，并且所述视频接入点通过去除随机信道来维持所述视频信道的所述仅广播模式。
12.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征是，所述编码器根据MPEG2和JVT MPEG 4第10部分/H.264格式之一来编码视频。
13.一种用于在移动无线通信设备处接收广播视频的方法，包括如下步骤：
在用户进行选择时，使用移动无线通信设备发起对视频局域网的选择；
由所述移动无线通信设备检测从视频局域网广播的视频的传输，而不尝试向所述视频局域网上行传输业务量；以及
向数据局域网提供双向无线数据信道，所述数据局域网与所述视频局域网分离并不同，并与所述移动无线通信设备通信，其中，所述双向无线数据信道的载波频率与所述视频局域网的视频信道的RF载波频率不同。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征是，还包括如下步骤：在所述移动无线通信设备内利用没有动态主机配置协议的最小静态配置建立不同的协议层。
CN038267519A 2003-07-14 2003-07-14 无线lan中的视频广播技术 Expired - Fee Related CN101099318B (zh)

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