CN101098194B - Wide-angle income fiber receiving method for space light - Google Patents
Wide-angle income fiber receiving method for space light Download PDFInfo
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- CN101098194B CN101098194B CN2007101193340A CN200710119334A CN101098194B CN 101098194 B CN101098194 B CN 101098194B CN 2007101193340 A CN2007101193340 A CN 2007101193340A CN 200710119334 A CN200710119334 A CN 200710119334A CN 101098194 B CN101098194 B CN 101098194B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spatial light wide-angle fiber receiving method based on curvature end-face optical fiber beam, wherein spatial light is condensed by a wide-angle optical condense system to be coupled into a curvature end-face optical fiber beam, to filter and amplify light signals, to be coherent combined to be sent to a photoelectric checker. The inventive spatial light wide-angle fiber receiving system based on curvature end-face optical fiber beam, comprising a wide-angle optical condense system, a curvature end-face optical fiber beam, a light filter, a light amplifier, a coherent combiner, and a photoelectric detector. The invention uses matured light filter, amplification and coherent combination techniques of optical fiber communication, uses wide-angle fiber optical fiber condense system to replace imaging optical system, and uses inclined end-face optical fiber beam to improve the couple efficiency of wide-angle incident spatial light, to avoid the view angle limitation of imaging optical system and interference spectrum filter, to obtain high receiving sensitivity and large view angle. The invention has wide application in wireless optical communication field and spatial light detection field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wide-angle income fiber receiving method of spatial light, belong to wireless light communication and spatial light Detection Techniques field.
Background technology
For radio optical communication systems such as interspace, star ground optical communications, and target detection systems such as two (many) base laser radars and laser warning, the spatial light signal that arrives optical receiver is often very faint, and the incident direction of flashlight usually is unforeseen.Because the sensitivity of photodetector is subjected to the device horizontal constraints, highly sensitive wide-angle optical receiver system device seems particularly important to the faint spatial light signal of this incident direction the unknown of effective reception.
Traditional spatial light receiving system exists implacable contradiction between the receiving sensitivity and the angle of visual field---improve receiving sensitivity and then sacrifice the angle of visual field, increase the angle of visual field and then sacrifice sensitivity---can't really realize the wide-angle of faint spatial light signal is received.
A kind of the most frequently used spatial light receiving system is direct receiving system (as shown in Figure 1), promptly by optical system the spatial light signal is directly focused on the photodetector.This system is the enhancing signal luminous intensity, suppresses background noise simultaneously as far as possible, need to adopt optical system optically focused and narrow-band spectrum filtering technique, and these two kinds of technology greatly limited the angle of visual field of system.Because the aperture and the angle of visual field product of entrance pupil and emergent pupil satisfy the etendue law of conservation, for increasing the flashlight energy of collecting as far as possible, need the entrance pupil aperture of increase optical system, this will reduce its angle of visual field, and also can bring more background noise.In this system, narrow-band spectrum filter commonly used at present mainly is interference filter (bandwidth is generally nanometer or inferior nanometer scale, and transmitance can reach nearly 90%).The transmission characteristic of this filter is to the incident angle sensitivity: along with the increase of incidence angle, centre wavelength and free transmission range hypsochromic shift are moving, take place " blue shift ".
Another kind of spatial light receiving system commonly used is optical heterodyne receiving system (as shown in Figure 2).It obtains being used for the intermediate frequency light signal of opto-electronic conversion by with small-signal light and stronger local photomixing, and coherent reception system therefore is otherwise known as.This receiving system can obtain the detectivity than the high 7-8 of a direct receiving system order of magnitude, can be near quantum limit.But this system requirements local oscillator light and flashlight must have the monochromaticjty and the frequency stability of height, also will satisfy the spatial coherence condition in addition.These requirements make the realization of coherent reception system very complicated and difficult, wherein the harshness of spatial coherence are required greatly to have limited the angle of visual field of system.Studies show that: the reception visual field of coherent laser radar should be limited in solid angle Ω ≈ λ
2(Ap is the area of entrance pupil, and λ is for receiving optical wavelength) surpasses this restrictive condition in the/Ap scope, can't carry out coherent reception.
Above-mentioned receiving system causes the angle of visual field of itself very little for obtaining high sensitivity, for expansion receives the angle of visual field, having to adopt increases scanning system, as multiple technologies such as electric light or acousto-optic scanning, raster scan, optical mechaical scanning or employing multielement detector arrays.Yet any scan mode will be subjected to the restriction of sweep speed after all; Although multielement detector array is not limited by sweep speed, its total angle of visual field still is subjected to optical system and narrow-band filtering technology limitation.The method that these expansions receive the angle of visual field all can't adapt to effectively catching fast-moving target.
With the part of optical fiber as the spatial light receiving system, the fixed star that is applied to the earliest in the astronomy is surveyed, and is widely used in subsequently in detection such as laser radar, light wireless communication and the communication system, but mainly also be the effect that direct light is transmitted.Studies show that in recent years: by the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG filter being introduced the reception feed of laser radar, can greatly reduce the influence of background noise, make laser radar also can obtain good performance by day; In middle-infrared band light wireless connections receiver, utilize the cascade optical pre-amplifier of high-gain low-noise, can be with faint optical signal (as the light signal of low reaching-53dBm) the net gain 8-13dB that receives, and the ASE noise is filtered, thereby obtains the receptivity near quantum limit.Compare with heterodyne/beat reception, their performance close (all can reach the quantum detection limit), but the easier realization of this mode becomes developing direction from now on.
Although the spatial light receiving system based on optical fiber has been improved receiving sensitivity, but still the too small problem of the still unresolved receiving system angle of visual field.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of prior art structure, the invention provides the wide-angle income fiber receiving method and the system of a kind of spatial light (or spatial light of process front end medium) based on curved end face fiber bundle (or similar waveguiding structure), can dissolve the contradiction between the receiving sensitivity and the angle of visual field, improve the angle of visual field and sensitivity that spatial light receives simultaneously, the real realization receives the on-rotary type wide-angle of faint spatial light signal, thereby can adapt to efficient communication and detection to fast-moving target.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of spatial light wide-angle income fiber receiving method based on the curved end face fiber bundle can be applicable to comprise following steps in the receiving system of space optical communication or spatial light detection:
1, spatial light is coupled into the curved end face fiber bundle behind wide-angle optics optically focused, then light signal is carried out the step of light filtering and light amplification;
2, to through filtering and the light signal after amplifying be concerned with and deliver to the step of photodetector after closing ripple.
A kind of spatial light wide-angle income fiber receiving system based on the curved end face fiber bundle, in order to strengthen the light signal energy that receives, adopt wide-angle optical focusing system, image intensifer and multiple light energy gain systems such as relevant wave multiplexer thereafter simultaneously, thereby guarantee in the flashlight energy that greatly raising system receives, reduction is to the optically focused performance requirement of optical system, thereby dissolved the contradiction of the sensitivity and the angle of visual field, the optical system that can adopt the big angle of visual field to receive.
A kind of spatial light wide-angle income fiber receiving system based on the curved end face fiber bundle, comprise wide-angle optical focusing system, curved end face fiber bundle, optical filter, image intensifer, relevant wave multiplexer and photodetector, it is characterized in that: image intensifer and relevant wave multiplexer replace the principal organ that optical focusing system becomes the light energy gain, optical system with then adopt the condenser system that optical gain is little, the angle of visual field is big; Described fiber bundle places after the optical system, and its end face is a curved shape; Described optical filter is positioned over after the fiber bundle.
Be to adapt to wide-angle optics, described receiving system also adopts the receiving terminal of fiber bundle as optical system, and the end face of fiber bundle is processed into the coupling efficiency of curved shape when improving the incident of spatial light wide-angle.The concrete shape of fiber bundle end face should design in conjunction with the optical system parameter that is adopted.
So-called curved end face fiber bundle is meant that the fiber end face of off-center shaft position has a suitable angle of inclination, and this angle of inclination is designed according to following principle.For the spatial light of a certain incident angle, it is focused at certain root or some fiber end faces in the fiber bundle behind optical focusing system, and forms certain field distribution at this end face.The field distribution that wide-angle incident spatial light forms is compared with the field distribution of low-angle incident light, meeting off-center optical axis, and bigger distortion has taken place.According to the overlap integral computing formula of coupling efficiency, if still adopt planar end surface optical fiber to receive, its coupling efficiency will reduce greatly, even can't receive.And if fiber end face has a suitable inclination angle, the field distribution of this inclination angle change optical fiber emergent light is just in time mated in the field distribution that the fiber bundle end face forms with corresponding wide-angle incident spatial light, thereby obtains the maximum fine coupling efficiency of going into.
The optical system of the big angle of visual field will be introduced background noise, and light amplification also will be introduced amplified spont-aneous emission (ASE) noise, and these noises all will reduce signal to noise ratio, even flood light signal.For this reason, described receiving system also adopts optical filter to suppress these noises.
So-called background noise is meant space background light, enters optical system and the optical noise that forms as sunlight etc.Traditional filtering method is to adopt narrow-band interference mode filter to the incident angle sensitivity to embed in (preposition or be placed on) optical system, or adopts spatial coherence is required harsh heterodyne type method of reseptance.In described receiving system, adopt the good optical fiber filter of filtering performance.Optimized technical scheme is a fiber grating filter, its free transmission range (FWHM) can reach tens micromicrons, much narrower than interference filter (its FWHM is generally the nm magnitude), transmitance is very high, and maximum can reach (transmitance of interference filter is generally less than 90%) more than 91%.This filter is easy to be connected with optical fiber, and after placing space optical coupling to go into fibre, its filtering characteristic can not be subjected to the influence of spatial light incident angle.
Image intensifer is to utilize with the doped dielectric of the corresponding band gap of a certain band signal optical wavelength to be excited excite transitions, thus enhancing signal light energy greatly.Image intensifer can amplify faint optical signal about 30dB, and has obtained extensive use in optical fiber telecommunications system.Optimized technical scheme is to adopt the image intensifer of optical pumping mode, as EDFA, clad pumping optical fiber amplifier, multi-core optical fiber amplifier etc.Image intensifer is used for the spatial light receiving system, can improves the flashlight energy that is used to detect, thereby weaken sensitivity requirement photodetector, and the optical gain requirement of optical system, thereby the restriction of optical system removed to the angle of visual field.
The light wave multiplexer that is concerned with, be used for multipath light signal relevant synthetic one the tunnel, thereby further strengthen light energy, and convenient follow-up photodetection, it generally is made of jointly phase modulator and coupler.Optimized technical scheme is that the function with phase modulator is integrated in the image intensifer and forms with simplified system.
The present invention is owing to broken through the traditional design thinking of existing space optical receiver system, utilize light filtering ripe in the optical fiber communication, light amplification and the relevant wave technology that closes, substitute traditional large aperture and neglect rink corner optical gain lens, and adopt the angled end-face fiber bundle to improve the coupling efficiency of wide-angle incident spatial light, thereby avoided the restriction of image optics lens combination and interference type spectral filter, had the high reception sensitivity and the angle of visual field the angle of visual field.Application of the present invention with popularize, will play positive impetus to the development in the fields such as personal communication of room light communication, free space optical communication, laser radar, interstellar light communication, the optical communication of star ground, space exploration, optical band.
Description of drawings
The direct receiving system structure chart of the spatial light wide-angle that Fig. 1 is traditional;
The spatial light wide-angle heterodyne reception system construction drawing that Fig. 2 is traditional;
Fig. 3 is based on the spatial light wide-angle income fiber receiving system structure chart of curved end face fiber bundle;
Fig. 4 wide-angle optics is coupled into curved end face fiber bundle schematic diagram;
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the spatial light based on the curved end face fiber bundle is as shown in Figure 3 gone into fine receiving system, spatial light is coupled into the curved end face fiber bundle behind the wide-angle optical focusing system, then light signal is carried out light filtering, light amplification and relevantly delivers to photoelectric detector after closing ripple.
Image intensifer and relevant wave multiplexer replace the principal organ that optical focusing system becomes the light energy gain, and optical system then has the characteristics that optical gain is little, the angle of visual field is big; Described fiber bundle places after the optical system, and its end face is a curved shape, can improve the fine coupling efficiency of going into of wide-angle incident spatial light; The filtering performance of described optical filter is more excellent than interfere type filter, and is positioned over after the optical fiber, and is insensitive and remove its restriction to the angle of visual field to incident angle; Described photodetector is the mature technology in the optical communication; System can obtain receiving sensitivity high in, obtain the big angle of visual field, can realize the no-raster wide-angle of faint spatial light signal is received.
The entrance pupil of optical system can be assembled the incident spatial light greater than emergent pupil.Be characterized in that the angle of visual field is big, gain is little, can select the non-imaging system that meets the demands, as Fresnel lens or combination parabolic lens (CPC) etc.For example, if adopt CPC, then can design, and obtain desirable spotlight effect at the angle of visual field of any requirement as condenser system.
The curved end face fiber bundle places after the optical system, end face is made curved shape go into fine coupling efficiency to improve.It can adopt fiber bundle is directly processed its end face, or is bonded together after respectively every optical fiber being processed by specific inclination angle again.A kind of straightforward procedure that designs curved shape is: adopt geometric optics to calculate position and the inclination angle of the angle of visual field and fiber end face and the corresponding relation of its reception angle of visual field of a certain angle incident spatial light after optical system respectively, thereby determine the end face inclination angle (as shown in Figure 4) of off-center axle optical fiber.
Used fiber bundle, optical filter, image intensifer, the relevant wave multiplexer of light and photodetector all can adopt corresponding mature technology in the existing fiber communication, wherein fiber bundle preferentially adopts large aperture, high-NA and the big multimode fiber-optic bundle of (fibre core/covering) duty ratio, the relevant wave multiplexer of optical filter and light all preferentially adopts the relevant art based on optical fiber, and image intensifer preferentially adopts the fiber amplifier of band phase modulation function.
Like this, spatial light is after described receiving system, and light energy is greatly gained, and receiving sensitivity is improved.Because the wide-angle characteristic of receiving system, do not need additionally to increase scan mechanism and just can realize communication or detection big spatial domain target.
Claims (1)
1. spatial light wide-angle income fiber receiving method based on the curved end face fiber bundle is characterized in that comprising following steps:
1) spatial light is coupled into the curved end face fiber bundle behind wide-angle optical focusing system optically focused, then light signal is carried out the step of light filtering and light amplification;
2) to through filtering and the light signal after amplifying be concerned with and deliver to the step of photodetector after closing ripple, the relevant ripple that closes comprises light signal is carried out phase modulation and coupling, is used for multipath light signal relevant synthetic a tunnel with the enhancing light energy.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2866075B1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2017-12-13 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Tunable optical filter, tunable optical assembly, and multi-wavelength passive optical network system |
| CN106768341B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-09-18 | 北京空间机电研究所 | A kind of wide area multi-angle polarized reflectance spectrum imaging system |
| TWI664827B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-07-01 | 香港商冠捷投資有限公司 | Wide-angle light receiving system and electronic device with wide-angle light receiving system |
| CN109459824B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-11-10 | 长春理工大学 | Two-stage space optical coupling device capable of improving single-mode optical fiber space optical coupling efficiency |
| US11366206B2 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2022-06-21 | Aeva, Inc. | Lidar apparatus with an optical amplifier in the return path |
| CN110768729B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-12-08 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Medium-far infrared band grating and optical fiber coupling multi-beam coherent receiving system |
| CN114624874B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-11-10 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Optical fiber-space optical communication signal conversion method based on chip integrated optical circuit |
| CN115118345A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-27 | 中航光电科技股份有限公司 | Full-duplex underwater self-alignment wireless laser communication system based on underwater acoustic positioning |
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| CN1451986A (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-29 | 阿尔卑斯电气株式会社 | Module for transmitting/receiving optical signal |
| CN1387300A (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2002-12-25 | 沈阳蓝光驱动技术有限公司 | Synchronous gearless permanent-magnet draw machine |
| CN1771448A (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2006-05-10 | 新科实业有限公司 | Apparatus for improved fiber optic coupling efficiency |
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