CN101092888A - Open type working medium circulation electric power generation mode of using liquefied natural gas in low temperature - Google Patents
Open type working medium circulation electric power generation mode of using liquefied natural gas in low temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN101092888A CN101092888A CN 200710027943 CN200710027943A CN101092888A CN 101092888 A CN101092888 A CN 101092888A CN 200710027943 CN200710027943 CN 200710027943 CN 200710027943 A CN200710027943 A CN 200710027943A CN 101092888 A CN101092888 A CN 101092888A
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Abstract
This invention discloses an open-cycle power generation method utilizing low temperature of LNG including: pressing, gasifying and expanding LNG to generate for cold, in which considerable extra power and more cold volumes of higher temperature are got and sent to cold energy users utilizing the low temperature of LNG in the case not influencing gas supply and cold energy utilization by pump boosting, cold exchange and high temperature gasification and expanding work on the basis of using cold energy of a LNG satellite gasification station in refrigeratories of cold energy users and low pressure of ductwork of lower reaches.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the open type working medium circulation electric power generation of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) low temperature fire, particularly a kind ofly be used for that LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification rate is comparatively stable, gas distributing system pressure is lower, the open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of cold energy user's temperature higher system.
Background technique
LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is in the ultralow temperature state, has the cold energy of 0.83MJ/Kg, if this cold energy changes into power with 100% efficient, then the cold energy that discharges of 1 ton of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is equivalent to about 240KWh.Therefore, reclaiming this part cold energy is significant to the efficient utilization of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG).At present, the method that LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy reclaims has multiple, comprises the deep cooling pulverizing, the cryogenic freezing refrigerated warehouse, gas turbine admission cooling is made liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice, air separation, cold energy generation etc., but these all are cold energy use projects that develop successively, single, and the compound or integrated project of also little so far multiple cold energy user causes a large amount of ultralow potential temperature cold energy to high potential temperature transmission, make the process fire bigger with decreasing, the valuable cold energy recovery rate reduces.
No. the 6089028th, U.S. Patent application generates electricity with the heat-conduction medium of 50%-50% methane-ethane as a closed loop technology.LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquid is gasified by liquefaction 50%-50% methane-ethane, and this liquid mixed medium is then by the seawater gasification, and the medium of gasification is used to drive a turbo machine, this turbine drives one generator.The gasifying medium of getting rid of from turbo machine heats LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) then, makes LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) partial gasification and medium liquefaction, and the LNG Liquefied natural gas of Sheng Wening (LNG) further heats with seawater then.And part is discharged from another pipeline at the gasifying gas that stores in irritating, and uses compressor compresses then, uses LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cooling again, carries out the compression second time, with the seawater heating, delivers to distribution system at last again.Such generation mode generates electricity with respect to direct expansion, and efficient can be than higher.But factors such as its equipment investment of reference and LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy use efficient remain further to be proved economically.And in second heat exchanger, as hot-fluid, heat exchange is directly drained later on, is not used, and makes energy not be able to fine utilization with seawater.
No. the 4320303rd, U.S. Patent application generates electricity propane as the heat-conduction medium in the closed loop technology.LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquid is gasified by liquefied propane, and this petrogas is then by the seawater gasification, and the propane of gasification is used to drive a turbo machine, this turbine drives one generator.The gasification propane of discharging from turbo machine heats LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) then, makes LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification and propane liquefaction.Can partly utilize cold like this, in order to avoid cause the waste of the energy with the seawater direct gasification, but owing to make refrigeration agent, make that the efficient of cold exchange is not very high with this single medium of propane.Well do not utilize the pressure fire usefulness of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) simultaneously, cause generating efficiency not high.
The heat that U.S. Patent application provides LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) to gasify by refrigerant No. 4036028 and No. 4231226 again, this refrigerant and turbine exhaust and combined type circulation power equipment carry out heat exchange.Although these configurations obviously reduce the energy consumption that LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasifies again, still exist restriction to utilize LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy fully.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness.This method can utilize LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) low temperature fire with additionally obtaining considerable electric power and the higher cold of Geng Duo temperature under the prerequisite that does not influence air feed demand and cold energy use.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness comprises following process conditions and process step:
(1) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressurization
LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is pressurized to 2～3.8MPa by cryopump; Be beneficial to the expansion power generation in downstream,, improve fire efficient to reclaim more cold energy.
(2) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification
The LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) of pressurization in the step (1) is made LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification by refrigerant heat exchanger, and temperature rises to 20～38 ℃ of predetermined temperatures, cold energy is transferred on the refrigerant from LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG); Refrigerant flows to the cold energy user to cold energy by refrigerant heat exchanger.
(3) expansion power generation
Rock gas behind the heating and gasifying in the step (2) is generated electricity by the expansion power generation unit, and the temperature of the back rock gas that expands is reduced to-60～-85 ℃;
(4) change cold
With the rock gas after expanding in the step (3) again by entering transmission pipeline network behind the refrigerant heat exchanger heat temperature raising.
The energy of the present invention's generating comes from the low temperature fire of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) to be used and pressure fire usefulness, and the cold energy that flows to downstream cold energy user simultaneously increases.System equipment of the present invention mainly contains cryopump, refrigerant heat exchanger, expansion power generation unit, it is provided with as follows: after LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is pressurizeed through cryopump, gasify by refrigerant heat exchanger, again by expansion power generation unit expansion power generation, get back at last that the refrigerant heat exchanger heat temperature raising is laggard goes into webmaster.
Applicable scope of the present invention is that LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification rate is comparatively stable, gas distributing system pressure is lower, cold energy user's temperature higher system.
In order to realize the present invention better, the predetermined temperature described in the step (2) is preferably 20 ℃.
Described refrigerant can be to comprise hydrocarbon that contains 1 to 6 carbon atom in each molecule and composition thereof, and wherein hydrocarbon comprises methane (CH
4), ethane (C
2H
6), propane (C
3H
8) or ethene (C
2H
6) etc., but concrete selection will be decided according to the gasification curve of rock gas.Particularly preferred refrigerant is the mixture that consists of 34% ethane, 46% ethene and 20% propane by mass percentage.
Enter transmission pipeline network behind the rock gas heat temperature raising to 15 ℃ in the described step (4).
Principle of the present invention is that the warm enthalpy state of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is bigger with variation in pressure, also difference is bigger with being worth for its low temperature fire, as shown in Figure 2, shown the e-Q curve of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) under different pressures, wherein the pressure of curve 1 and curve 2 is respectively 5Mpa and 0.4Mpa, the integration of curve is the low temperature fire value of relative ambient temperature, its difference can have been thought to change into the pressure fire of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and use, if promptly the LNG Liquefied natural gas of 0.4Mpa (LNG) by high-pressure service pump pressurization 5Mpa, then be equivalent to use and pressure fire usefulness at the fiery low temperature fire that changes into curve 1 of using of the low temperature of the following curve 2 of electric energy effect, the pressure fire is with being used for generating, and the power consumption that generated energy cuts high-pressure service pump is effective electric energy of low temperature gained.
The present invention is in conjunction with China's economic trend and cold user's actual conditions, particularly be distributed in hundreds of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) satellite vaporizing station in all parts of the country, these vaporizing stations are because treating capacity is less, ductwork pressure is lower, can only be used for LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy the project that the cold energy temperature is higher, taste is lower of low-temperature grinding, dry ice preparation, low-temperature cold store project, antificielle ice and snow and cold water air-conditioning etc. at present, waste a large amount of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) low temperature fire and used.Therefore---change---by the cryopump supercharging to expand several additional process that do work cold, LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification is designed to the open type working medium circulation electric power generation process, under the prerequisite that does not influence air feed demand and cold energy use, can additionally obtain considerable electric power and more high potential temperature cold energy.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) avoided the transmission of ultralow potential temperature cold energy to high potential temperature cold energy, caused fire excessive with decreasing, the cold energy use rate is low.
(2) can under the prerequisite that does not influence air feed demand and cold energy use, additionally obtain considerable electric power and more high potential temperature cold energy.
(3) with the mixture of hydrocarbon as refrigerant, make that the temperature lowering curve of refrigerant is approaching as far as possible with the heating curve of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG), change fire in the cold process with damage with minimizing.
(4) after LNG Liquefied natural gas is utilized through the inventive method, the fire of giving the cold energy user has reduced 109.5kWh/t (LNG) with value, but for its cold energy quantity that provides has increased 241.9kWh/t (LNG), increase nearly 16%, while net electric generation 41.34～53.2kWh/t (LNG), generating efficiency is 38%～48.6%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the open type working medium circulation electric power generation flowsheeting figure that utilizes LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness.
Fig. 2 is the LNG Liquefied natural gas energy level diagram under the different pressures.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment adopts 1t/h LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG), and the pressure of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is 0.4MPa.Temperature is-160 ℃, and its mass percent composition is respectively methane 95%, ethane 3%, propane 2%; Unit comprises cryopump B4, refrigerant heat exchanger B1, expansion power generation B of Unit 5 and storage tank B7, and the material of equipment is selected low temperature resistant stainless steel for use.Concrete job step and process conditions are as follows:
(1) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressurization
Raw material LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) 1t/h arrives 3Mpa by cryopump B4 with boost in pressure, and temperature becomes-155 ℃ by-160 ℃, and the power consumption of cryopump is 5.57KWh/t (LNG).
(2) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification
The LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) of pressurization in the step (1) is gasified totally LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 earlier, temperature is elevated to 20 ℃, pressure constant (3MPa), wherein the refrigerant mixture that 34% ethane by mass percentage, 46% ethene and 20% propane are formed of serving as reasons.Shown in Figure 1, refrigerant is by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 and LNG Liquefied natural gas LNG heat exchange, temperature is reduced to-106 ℃ by 25 ℃, pressure is constant, and the back is by storage tank B7 buffering, and pressure is reduced to 0.1MPa by 0.5MPa, be forced into 0.5MPa by pump B9 again, be heated to 25 ℃ by refrigerant heat exchanger B3 then, by low-temperature heat source A, low-temperature heat source B, low-temperature heat source C cold energy flowed to downstream cold energy user simultaneously, last refrigerant returns refrigerant heat exchanger B1.
(3) expansion power generation
By expansion power generation B of Unit 5 expansion power generations, the pressure of rock gas is reduced to 0.4MPa with the rock gas behind the heating and gasifying in the step (2), and temperature is reduced to-81 ℃ by 20 ℃, and generated output is 52KWh/t (LNG).
(4) change cold
Enter transmission pipeline network after the later gas of expansion power generation continues to be heated to 15 ℃ by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 in the step (3).
LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is through after this process, the rock gas fire has reduced 109.5kWh/t (LNG) with value, the fire of loss is used for generating electricity with a part, a part produces the higher cold energy of potential temperature, the cold energy value added is 241.9kWh/t (LNG), nearly 16%, simultaneously clean generated output is 46.43kWh/t (LNG), and generating efficiency is 42%.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment adopts 1t/h LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG), and the pressure of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is 0.4MPa.Temperature is-160 ℃, and its mass percent composition is respectively methane 95%, ethane 3%, propane 2%; Unit comprises cryopump B4, refrigerant heat exchanger B1, expansion power generation B of Unit 5 and storage tank B7, and the material of equipment is selected low temperature resistant stainless steel for use.Concrete job step and process conditions are as follows:
(1) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressurization
Raw material LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) 1t/h arrives 2Mpa by cryopump B4 with boost in pressure, and temperature becomes-157 ℃ by-160 ℃, and the power consumption of cryopump is 3.43KWh/t.
(2) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification
The LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) of pressurization in the step (1) is gasified totally LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 earlier, temperature is elevated to 20 ℃, pressure constant (2MPa), wherein the refrigerant mixture that 34% ethane by mass percentage, 46% ethene and 20% propane are formed of serving as reasons.As shown in Figure 1, refrigerant is by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 and LNG Liquefied natural gas LNG heat exchange, temperature is reduced to-104 ℃ by 25 ℃, pressure is constant, and the back is by storage tank B7 buffering, and pressure is reduced to 0.1MPa by 0.5MPa, be forced into 0.5MPa by pump B9 again, be heated to 25 ℃ by refrigerant heat exchanger B3 then, by low-temperature heat source A, low-temperature heat source B, low-temperature heat source C cold energy flowed to downstream cold energy user simultaneously, last refrigerant returns refrigerant heat exchanger B1.
(3) expansion power generation
By expansion power generation B of Unit 5 expansion power generations, the pressure of rock gas is reduced to 0.4MPa with the rock gas behind the heating and gasifying in the step (2), and temperature is reduced to-63 ℃ by 20 ℃, and generated output is 44.77KWh/t.
(4) change cold
Enter transmission pipeline network after the later gas of expansion power generation continues to be heated to 15 ℃ by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 in the step (3).
LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is through after this process, the rock gas fire has reduced 109.5kWh/t (LNG) with value, the fire of loss is used for generating electricity with a part, a part produces the higher cold energy of potential temperature, the cold energy value added is 241.9kWh/t (LNG), nearly 16%, simultaneously clean generated output is 41.34kWh/t (LNG), and generating efficiency is 38%.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment adopts 1t/h LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG), and the pressure of LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is 0.4MPa.Temperature is-160 ℃, and its mass percent composition is respectively methane 95%, ethane 3%, propane 2%; Unit comprises cryopump, refrigerant heat exchanger, expansion power generation unit and storage tank, and the material of equipment is selected low temperature resistant stainless steel for use.Concrete job step and process conditions are as follows:
(1) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressurization
Raw material LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) 1t/h arrives 3.8Mpa by cryopump B4 with boost in pressure, and temperature becomes-154 ℃ by-160 ℃, and the power consumption of cryopump is 7.3KWh/t.
(2) LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification
The LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) of pressurization in the step (1) is gasified totally LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 earlier, temperature is elevated to 38 ℃, pressure constant (3.8MPa), wherein the refrigerant mixture that 34% ethane by mass percentage, 46% ethene and 20% propane are formed of serving as reasons.As shown in Figure 1, refrigerant is by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 and LNG Liquefied natural gas LNG heat exchange, temperature is reduced to-92 ℃ by 40 ℃, pressure is constant, and the back is by storage tank B7 buffering, and pressure is reduced to 0.1MPa by 0.5MPa, be forced into 0.5MPa by pump B9 again, be heated to 40 ℃ by refrigerant heat exchanger B3 then, by low-temperature heat source A, low-temperature heat source B, low-temperature heat source C cold energy flowed to downstream cold energy user simultaneously, last refrigerant is got back to refrigerant heat exchanger B1.
(3) expansion power generation
By expansion power generation B of Unit 5 expansion power generations, the pressure of rock gas is reduced to 0.4MPa with the rock gas behind the heating and gasifying in the step (2), and temperature is reduced to-79 ℃ by 38 ℃, and generated output is 60.5KWh/t.
(4) change cold
Enter transmission pipeline network after the later gas of expansion power generation continues to be heated to 15 ℃ by refrigerant heat exchanger B1 in the step (3).
LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is through after this process, fire has reduced 109.5kWh/t (LNG) with value, the fire of loss is used for generating electricity with a part, a part produces the higher cold energy of potential temperature, the cold energy value added is 241.9kWh/t (LNG), nearly 16%, simultaneously clean generated output is 53.2kWh/t (LNG), and generating efficiency is 48.6%.From top three embodiments as can be seen, along with pressure increases, generating efficiency also increases gradually.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness is characterized in that comprising following process conditions and process step:
(1) LNG Liquefied natural gas pressurization
LNG Liquefied natural gas is pressurized to 2～3.8MPa by cryopump;
(2) liquefied natural gas gasifying
The LNG Liquefied natural gas of pressurization in the step (1) is made liquefied natural gas gasifying by refrigerant heat exchanger, and rise to 20～38 ℃ of predetermined temperatures, cold energy is transferred on the refrigerant from LNG Liquefied natural gas, and refrigerant flows to the cold energy user to cold energy by refrigerant heat exchanger;
(3) expansion power generation
Rock gas behind the heating and gasifying in the step (2) is generated electricity by the expansion power generation unit, and the temperature of the back rock gas that expands is reduced to-60～-85 ℃;
(4) change cold
With the rock gas after expanding in the step (3) again by entering transmission pipeline network behind the refrigerant heat exchanger heat temperature raising.
2, a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the predetermined temperature in the described step (2) is 20 ℃.
3, a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described refrigerant comprises the hydrocarbon that contains 1 to 6 carbon atom in each molecule or the mixture of above-mentioned hydrocarbon.
4, a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described hydrocarbon comprises methane, ethane, propane or ethene.
5, a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described refrigerant is to consist of 34% ethane, 46% ethene and 20% propane by mass percentage.
6, a kind of open type working medium circulation electric power generation method of utilizing LNG Liquefied natural gas low temperature fire usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that: enter transmission pipeline network behind the rock gas heat temperature raising to 15 ℃ in the described step (4).
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| CN101806293A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2010-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Integrating and optimizing method for improving generation efficiency of liquefied natural gas cold energy |
| CN101922352A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal circulation system cooled by liquefied natural gas and flow |
| CN104948246A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-30 | 东北大学 | Method for capturing carbon dioxide in mineral smelting waste gas by making use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy |
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| CN101922352A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal circulation system cooled by liquefied natural gas and flow |
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| CN101806293B (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2012-03-28 | 华南理工大学 | Integrating and optimizing method for improving generation efficiency of liquefied natural gas cold energy |
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| CN104948246B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-02-01 | 东北大学 | Method for capturing carbon dioxide in mineral smelting waste gas by making use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy |
| CN105649698A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Process and device for carrying out power generation by virtue of cascade cold energy of liquefied natural gas |
| CN107556969B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2020-09-08 | 中石化洛阳工程有限公司 | Working medium for liquefied natural gas cold energy organic Rankine cycle power generation |
| CN107556969A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 中石化洛阳工程有限公司 | A kind of working medium to be generated electricity for cold energy of liquefied natural gas organic Rankine bottoming cycle |
| CN106195625B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2019-07-02 | 重庆齐祥新能源投资有限公司 | LNG concentrates gasification comprehensive to utilize system and method |
| CN106195625A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-07 | 重庆齐祥新能源投资有限公司 | LNG concentrates gasification comprehensive to utilize system and method |
| CN106642800B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2022-09-20 | 江苏德邦工程有限公司 | LNG (liquefied Natural gas) gasification cold energy refrigeration house system and cold energy recovery method thereof |
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| CN107560129B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-04-21 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | Natural gas heating and air conditioner refrigeration coupling system and method |
| CN107560129A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-09 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | Heated by natural gas and air conditioner refrigerating coupled system and method |
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| CN110553144A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-10 | 宋皓 | System for absorbing LNG vaporization release cold energy for storage and use |
| CN110553144B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-04-09 | 宋皓 | System for absorbing LNG vaporization release cold energy for storage and use |
| CN110686160A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-14 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | LNG cold energy replacement method and device |
| CN110686160B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-08-06 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | LNG cold energy replacement method and device |
| CN115789511A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-14 | 中山先进低温技术研究院 | Liquid hydrogen cold energy gradient utilization system and method |
| CN115789511B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-10-17 | 中山先进低温技术研究院 | Liquid hydrogen cold energy cascade utilization system and method |
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